CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY 35
Exercise – 3: Achievers Section
Single choice questions 1s2 2s 2 2 p6 3s 2 3 p6 3d 2
The last electron enters in d-subshell. Thus, Ca has
1. The period number in the long form of the periodic
been placed in the d-block.
table is equal to
(a) Magnetic quantum number of any element of the
5. Which of the following electronic configuration has
period. minimum atomic radii?
(b) The Atomic number of any element of the period.
(a) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8
(c) Maximum Principal quantum number of any
element of the period. (b) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5
(d) Maximum Azimuthal quantum number of any (c) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1
element of the period. (d) 1s2 2s2 2p6
Ans. (c) Ans. (d)
Sol. Maximum principal quantum numbers of any element Sol. Option (d) represents the minimum atomic radii.
of the period are period number of the long-form
periodic table. 6. Of the following which will have the minimum atomic
radius?
2. The statement that is not correct for periodic (a) N (b) Na
classification of elements is: (c) K (d) F
(a) The properties of elements are the periodic function Ans. (d)
of their atomic numbers. Sol. Since atomic radius decreases as we go from left to
(b) Non-metallic elements are less in number then right in a period and increases as we go from top to
metallic elements. bottom in a group of a periodic table. So, F has the
(c) For transition elements, the 3d-orbitals are filled minimum atomic radius.
with electrons after 3p-orbitals and before 4s-orbitals.
(d) The first ionization enthalpies of elements generally 7. In which of the following sets of elements, they have
increase with an increase in atomic number as we go nearly the same atomic size
along a period. (a) Li, Be, B, C (b) Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba
Ans. (c) (c) O, S, Se, Te (d) Fe, Co, Ni, Cu
Sol. filling of electrons follows the order 3p then 4s then 3d. Ans. (d)
Sol. d-block elements from Fe to Cu have nearly same
3. Lutetium having atomic number 71 is a member of: atomic size.
(a) s-block elements (b) p-block elements
(c) d-block elements (d) f-block elements 8. Of the following orders of relative sizes, choose the
Ans. (c) incorrect order
Sol. Lutetium (Lu) with atomic number 71 is a d-block (a) Li < Na < K (b) Al3+< Mg2+ < Na+
element. It is also a member of the lanthanide series of (c) C < Si < Al (d) Mg < Al < Na
rare earth metals. Ans. (d)
4. If the Aufbau principle had not been followed, Ca (Z = Sol. Since atomic radius decreases as we go from left to
20) would have been placed in the: right in a period and increases as we go from top to
(a) s-block (b) p-block bottom in a group of a periodic table.
(c) d-block (d) f-block
Ans. (c)
Sol. Electronic without following Aufbau principle is
36 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY
9. Consider the isoelectronic species, Na+, Mg2+,F –and 12. IE1 and IE2 of Mg(g) are 178 and 348 kcal mol–1
O2–. The correct order of increasing length of their respectively. The energy required for the reaction
radii is ........... Mg (g) Mg2+ (g) + 2e– is
(a) F–< O2– < Mg2+< Na+ (a) + 170 kcal (b) + 526 kcal
(b) Mg2+< Na+ < F– < O2– (c) – 170 kcal (d) – 525 kcal
Ans. (b)
(c) O2–<F–< Na+< Mg2+
Sol. Overall energy = IE1 + IE2
(d) O2–< F– < Mg2+< Na+
=178 Kcal/mole + 348 Kcal/mole
Ans. (b)
=526 Kcal/mole
1
Sol. Isoelectronic species; Ionic Radii
Zeff 13. For a given value of n (principal quantum number),
2
order of Zeff value is O F Na Mg 2 ionization energy is highest for
(a) d-Electrons (b) f-Electrons
Thus, Ionic Radii follows the order
(c) p-Electrons (d) s-Electrons
Mg 2 Na F O 2
Ans. (d)
Sol. Due to higher electron affinity, and proximity to
10. The order of screening effect of electrons of s, p, d and f the nucleus.
orbitals of a given shell of an atom on its outer shell
electrons is:- 14. From which of the following species it is easiest to
(a) s> p > d >f (b) f> d > p > s remove one electron?
(c) p< d < s <f (d) f> p > s > d
(a) O (g) (b) O2– (g)
Ans. (a)
Sol. s orbitals have greatest effect to reduce the force of (c) O+ (g) (d) O– (g)
attraction between the outermost electron. Ans. (b)
Sol. The order of their relative sizes will be
11. Which of the following isoelectronic ions has the O 2 O O O as more the positive charge smaller
highest ionization energy? will be the size of the ion and greater the negative
(a) K+ (b) S2– charge larger will be the size of the ion.
Therefore, removal of one electron will be easiest from
(c) Cl– (d) Ca2+
O 2 because of its larger size, smaller nuclear force and
Ans. (d)
Sol. The ionization energy is the energy required to remove smaller ionization energy.
an electron from the valence shell of an isolated
gaseous atom of an element. 15. The electronic configurations of the elements X, Y, Z,
Now the ionization energy depends upon and J are given below. Which element has the highest
a) size of an element,larger the size lesser the effective metallic character?
nuclear charge on electron thus lower the ionization (a) X = 2, 8, 4 (b) Y = 2, 8, 8
energy. (c) Z = 2, 8, 8, 1 (d) J = 2, 8, 8, 7
b) the electronic configuration of an element. If on Ans. (c)
losing an electron an element attains noble gas Sol. Z = K which has the highest metallic character.
configuration or half-filled stability then it will easily Metals Lose e- to become stable.
lose an electron.
Hence the order of their relative sizes will be 16. The ionization energy of boron is less than that of
beryllium because :
S 2 Cl K Ca 2 . (Isolectronic)
(a) beryllium has a higher nuclear charge than boron
Therefore, Ca2+ will have the highest ionization (b) beryllium has a lower nuclear charge than boron
energy. (c) the outermost electron in boron occupies a
2p-orbital
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY 37
(d) the 2s and 2p-orbitals of boron are degenerate strong acids and strong alkalis. C gives a strongly
Ans. (c) alkaline aqueous solution.
Sol. I.E. of boron is less than beryllium because Be has a Which of the following statements is/are true?
completely filled orbital electronic configuration. I: The three elements are metals.
Be stable II: The electronegativities decrease from X to Y to Z.
1s 2s III: The atomic radius decreases in the order X, Y, and
B Z.
1s 2s 2p IV: X, Y, and Z could be phosphorus, aluminum, and
sodium respectively.
17. An element with lowest ionization energy in their (a) I, II, III only correct
respective period is (b) I, III only correct
(a) chalcogen (b) halogen (c) II, IV only correct
(c) alkali metals (d) inert gas (d) II, III, IV only correct
Ans. (c) Ans. (c)
Sol. Alkali metals will have the lowest ionization energy as Sol. X A(hydroxy compound) Gives an aqueous
ionization energy increases from left to right in a period solution having pH less than 7
in the periodic table, also the need to lose only 1 So, X is a non-metal forming an acidic aqueous
electron to attain noble gas configuration. solution.
Order of ionization energy: Y B(hydroxy compound) Gives an aqueous
alkali metals < chalcogens < halogens < inert gas solution that reacts with both acid and alkali.
So, Y is amphoteric in nature.
18. Second electron affinity oxygen is Z C (hydroxy compound) Gives a strongly
(a) Is always positive alkaline aqueous solution.
(b) Is always negative So, Z is a metal forming a strongly alkaline
(c) Can be positive or negative solution.
(d) Is always zero Hence, the option (c) is the correct answer.
Ans. (a) As X being non-metal can be phosphorus, Y being
Sol. The second electron affinity of oxygen is positive. This amphoteric can be aluminum, and Z being metal can be
means that adding a second electron to an already sodium.
negatively charged oxygen ion (O-) requires energy And the electronegativity order is X Y Z,
input due to electrostatic repulsion between the accordingly.
electrons. The order of their atomic radius will be Z Y X.
19. The lower electron affinity of fluorine than that of
chlorine is due to 21. Consider the following statements:
(a) Smaller size (I) The radius of an anion is larger than that of the
(b) Smaller nuclear charge parent atom.
(c) Difference in their electronic configurations (II) The ionization energy generally increases with the
(d) Its highest reactivity increasing atomic number in a period.
Ans. (a) (III) The electronegativity of an element is the tendency
Sol. Due to the small size of Fluorine, there are inter- of an isolated atom to repel an electron.
electronic repulsions. This reduces its electron affinity. Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) I alone (b) II alone
20. A, B, and C are hydroxy-compounds of the elements X, (c) I and II (d) II and III
Y, and Z respectively. X, Y, and Z are in the same Ans. (c)
period of the periodic table. A gives an aqueous Sol. (I) The radius of an anion is larger than that of the
solution of pH less than seven. B reacts with both parent atom.
38 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY
(II) The ionization energy generally increases with the Reason: When successive electrons are added to the
increasing atomic number in a period. orbitals in the same principal quantum level, the
shielding effect of the inner core of electrons does not
22. Which of the following properties shows a gradual increase very much to compensate for the increased
decrease with an increase in atomic number across a attraction of the electron to the nucleus.
period in the periodic table? (a) A (b) B
(a) Electron Affinity (c) C (d) D
(b) Ionization potential Ans. (a)
(c) Electronegativity Sol. Ionization enthalpy of the elements increases from left
(d) Size of atom. to right in a period as when we move from left to right
Ans. (d) in a period, the electrons are added in the same
Sol. Size of the atoms decreases across the period as the principal quantum number. So, the nuclear force on the
electrons are added in the same principal quantum electrons by the nucleus increases causing the decrease
number which results in the increase the effective in the size, and also the shielding effect provided by the
nuclear charge on the electrons causing the atomic size inner core electrons is not enough to compensate for the
to decrease accordingly. increase in attractive force on the electrons to the
Electron affinity, ionization enthalpy, and nucleus. Therefore, both assertion and reason are
electronegativity increases across the period because of correct with reason being the correct explanation of the
the decrease in size, increase in the effective nuclear assertion.
charge on electrons, and an increase in non-metallic
character. 25. Assertion: Boron has a smaller first ionization enthalpy
than beryllium.
Assertion-Reason Reason: The penetration of a 2s electron to the nucleus
is more than the 2p electron hence 2p electron is more
While answering these questions, you are required to shielded by the inner core of electrons than the 2s
choose any one of the following four responses. electrons.
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the (a) A (b) B
Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion. (c) C (d) D
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason Ans. (a)
is not a correct explanation of the Assertion. Sol. Electronic configurations of Be and B are 1s 2 2 s 2 and
(C) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
1s 2 2s 2 2 p1 . So, the Outermost subshell of Be is 2s and
(D) If the Reason is correct but Assertion is incorrect.
of B is 2 p .
Since the penetration power of 2s orbital is more than
23. Assertion: Third ionisation energy of phosphorus is
that of 2 p orbital where penetration power is the
larger than sulphur
Reason: There is a larger amount of stability associated ability of the orbital for attracting electrons, it is easier
with filled s- and p- sub-shells (a noble gas electron to remove the electron from 2 p orbital than from 2s
configuration) which corresponds to having eight orbital. Also, the 2 p orbital is well shielded by inner
electrons in the valence shell of an atom or ion.
electrons than the 2s orbital.
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
26. Assertion: Manganese (atomic number 25) has a less
Ans. (d)
favorable electron affinity than its neighbors on either
Sol. Third ionization energy of sulphur is larger than
side.
phosphorous.
Reason: The magnitude of an element’s electron
affinity depends on the element’s valence shell
24. Assertion: Generally, ionization enthalpy increases
electrons configuration.
from left to right in a period.
(a) A (b) B
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY 39
(c) C (d) D 28. The element with highest I.E. is:
Ans. (b) (a) I (b) III
Sol. Manganese has less favorable electron affinity than its (c) II (d) V
neighbors on its either side because of its highly stable Ans. (c)
electronic configuration. Mn Ar 3d 5 4 s 2 ,due to Sol. II represent stable noble gas configuration of Ne and
noble gases are highly stable.
which it has 5 unpaired electrons, thus having
Hence, it will have the highest ionization energy.
maximum multiplicity.
And the magnitude of the electron affinity of an
29. The element with lowest electron gain enthalpy is:
element is based on its valence shell electronic
(a) I (b) II
configuration.
(c) III (d) IV
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Ans. (b)
27. Assertion: Electron gain enthalpy becomes less Sol. II noble gas configuration of Ne and due to its stability,
negative as we go down a group. its electron gain enthalpy is lowest among other
Reason: The size of the atom increases on going down options.
the group and the added electron would be farther from
the nucleus. 30. The most ionic compound will be formed between:
(a) A (b) B (a) I and IV (b) I and V
(c) C (d) D (c) III and IV (d) III and V
Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)
Sol. Electron affinity is the energy released when an Sol. The most ionic compound will be formed between III
electron is added to a neutral atom. and V because III is the most metallic element
As we go down from top to bottom in a group, the belonging to the 3rd period and 2nd group and V is the
electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative because most non-metallic among them belonging to the 17th
group and 2nd period.
as we go down in a group, electrons are added in new
principal quantum numbers which result in an increase
in the atomic radius and decrease in the effective
nuclear force on the valence electrons.
So, metallic property increases down the group, and
hence, electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative as
we down the group.
Therefore, both assertion and reason are correct and the
given reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Comprehension based questions
Paragraph for Questions 28 to 30
Elements with their electronic configurations are given
below:
Answer the following questions:
I : 1s2 2s2
II : 1s2 2s2 2p6
III : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
IV : 1s2 2s2 2p3
V : 1s2 2s2 2p5
