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Class 10 Science Short Notes

The document provides concise notes on key topics in Class 10 Science, including chemical reactions and equations, life processes, electricity, sources of energy, and control and coordination. It outlines various types of chemical reactions, essential life processes like nutrition and respiration, principles of electricity, and the distinction between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Additionally, it covers the nervous and endocrine systems involved in control and coordination within organisms.

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78 views2 pages

Class 10 Science Short Notes

The document provides concise notes on key topics in Class 10 Science, including chemical reactions and equations, life processes, electricity, sources of energy, and control and coordination. It outlines various types of chemical reactions, essential life processes like nutrition and respiration, principles of electricity, and the distinction between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Additionally, it covers the nervous and endocrine systems involved in control and coordination within organisms.

Uploaded by

popatlal455434
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 10 Science - Short Notes

1. Chemical Reactions and Equations

- Chemical Reaction: A process where reactants form products.


- Types of Reactions:
- Combination: A + B AB
- Decomposition: AB A + B
- Displacement: A + BC AC + B
- Double Displacement: AB + CD AD + CB
- Redox Reaction: Both oxidation and reduction occur.
- Balancing Equations: Follows conservation of mass.

2. Life Processes

- Life Processes: Nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion.


- Nutrition:
- Autotrophic (plants): Photosynthesis
- Heterotrophic (animals): Ingestion, digestion
- Respiration:
- Aerobic (with O2), Anaerobic (without O2)
- Transportation: Blood, lymph (humans); xylem, phloem (plants)
- Excretion: Kidneys remove wastes in humans.

3. Electricity

- Electric Current (I): Flow of charge (Ampere)


- Ohms Law: V = IR
- Resistance: Opposition to current (Ohm)
- Series: R_total = R1 + R2 + ...
- Parallel: 1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...
- Power: P = VI

4. Sources of Energy
- Renewable: Solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal
- Non-Renewable: Fossil fuels, nuclear
- Good Source: Easily available, high energy, less polluting
- Solar Energy: Used in panels, cookers
- Environmental Impact: Non-renewables pollute; renewables are cleaner.

5. Control and Coordination

- Systems: Nervous and endocrine


- Nervous: Brain, spinal cord, nerves
- Reflex: Quick, involuntary response
- Brain: Cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla
- Endocrine: Glands secrete hormones (e.g., thyroid, pancreas)

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