Absolutely!
Here's a concise set of Social Studies notes — worth two exam papers —
covering History, Geography, Civics (Political Science), and Economics. These are ideal for
quick revision and exam prep.
🌍 SOCIAL STUDIES NOTES (Concise – 2 Papers Worth)
🏰 1. HISTORY
The French Revolution (1789)
● Cause: Social inequality, taxation, Enlightenment ideas.
● Key Events: Fall of Bastille (14 July 1789), Reign of Terror, rise of Napoleon.
● Outcomes: End of monarchy, rise of democracy, Declaration of Rights of Man.
Nationalism in India
● Leaders: Gandhi (Non-Cooperation, Salt March), Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose.
● Movements: Swadeshi, Civil Disobedience, Quit India.
● Partition & Independence: 1947
Industrial Revolution
● Began in Britain (18th century).
● Inventions: Steam engine, spinning jenny.
● Effects: Urbanization, factory system, labor exploitation.
World Wars
● WWI (1914–1918): Allies vs Central Powers, Treaty of Versailles.
● WWII (1939–1945): Nazis vs Allies, Holocaust, Hiroshima & Nagasaki.
🗺️ 2. GEOGRAPHY
Resources
● Types:
○ Natural: Air, water, soil
○ Human-made: Roads, buildings
○ Human: Skills, education
● Renewable vs Non-renewable
Agriculture
● Types:
○ Subsistence: For family
○ Commercial: For profit
● Major Crops:
○ Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane
● Green Revolution: Use of HYV seeds, fertilizers, irrigation.
Water Resources
● Dams (Bhakra Nangal, Hirakud)
● Rainwater harvesting
● Water conservation = key for sustainability
Minerals & Energy
● Minerals: Iron, bauxite, copper.
● Conventional Energy: Coal, petroleum.
● Non-conventional: Solar, wind, tidal
🏛️ 3. CIVICS / POLITICAL SCIENCE
Democracy
● Definition: Government by the people.
● Features:
○ Free & fair elections
○ Rule of law
○ Fundamental rights
Constitution of India
● Adopted: 26 Jan 1950
● Key Values: Justice, Equality, Liberty, Fraternity
● Preamble: Introduction to Constitution
Government Structure
● Legislature: Makes laws (Parliament)
● Executive: Implements laws (President, PM, Council of Ministers)
● Judiciary: Interprets laws (Supreme Court)
Elections in India
● Universal Adult Franchise (18+)
● Election Commission conducts elections
● Voting through secret ballot
💰 4. ECONOMICS
Sectors of Economy
● Primary: Agriculture
● Secondary: Industry
● Tertiary: Services (banking, transport)
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
● Total value of goods & services produced in a year
● Indicator of economic health
Poverty
● Causes: Unemployment, low wages, lack of education
● Government schemes: MGNREGA, PDS (Public Distribution System)
Globalization
● Integration of economies
● Role of MNCs (multinational corporations)
● Impacts: Growth + inequality
Sustainable Development
● Meeting present needs without compromising future
● Use of renewable resources, eco-friendly practices
🧠 Quick Revision Table
Topic Key Points
French Revolution Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
India’s Freedom Gandhi’s Movements, 1947 Partition
Natural Renewable vs Non-renewable
Resources
Democracy People’s rule, rights, and elections
Constitution Justice, Equality, Liberty, Fraternity
Agriculture Subsistence vs Commercial
Sectors Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Globalization MNCs, trade, internet impact
Would you like this in PDF format, or want to add map work, timelines, or diagrams for
clarity?
