Shivaji University , Kolhapur

Question Bank For Mar 2022 (Summer ) Examination

T.Y.(ETC)

Subject Code :81649 PCC-ETC604 Subject Name : Antenna and wave propogation

Question no 1

1.A high PRF will

a. make the returned echoes easier to distinguish from noise

b. make target tracking easier with conical scanning

c. increase the maximum range

d. have no effect on the range resolution

2. The IF bandwidth of a radar receiver is inversely proportional to the

a. pulse width

b. pulse repetition frequency

c. pulse interval

d. square root of the peak transmitted power

3.Which ionization layer exists during day time & usually vanishes at night due to highest
recombination rate?
a. D-region
b. Normal E-region
c. Sporadic E-region
d. Appleton region
4) Which mode of propagation is adopted in HF antennas?

a. Ionospheric

b. Ground wave

c. Tropospheric
d. All of the above

5) In an electrical circuit, which nature of impedance causes the current & voltages in phase?

a. Reactive

b. Resistive

c. Capacitive

d. Inductive

6) In broadside array, all the elements in the array should have similar excitation along with similar
amplitude excitation for maximum radiation.

a. Phase

b. Frequency

c. Current

d. Voltage

7) What is the nature of radiation pattern of an isotropic antenna?

a. Spherical

b. Dough-nut

c. Elliptical

d. Hyperbolic

8) Which waveform plays a crucial role in determining the radiation pattern of the dipole/wire
antennas?

a. Current

b. Voltage

c. Frequency

d. Phase

9) If an observation point is closely located to the source, then the field is termed as

a. Induced

b. Radiated

c. Reflected

d. Far-field

10) At which angles does the front to back ratio specify an antenna gain?

a. 0° & 180°

b. 90° & 180°

d. 180° & 360°

11) Which among the following defines the angular distance between two points oneach side of
major lobe especially when the radiation drops to zero?

a. Half power beam width (HPBW)

b. First null beam width (FNBW)

c. Side lobe level (SLL)

d. Front to back ratio (FBR)

12)For which band/s is the space wave propagation suitable over 30 MHz?

a. VHF

b. SHF

c. UHF

d. All of the above

13)Which type of ground wave travels over the earth surface by acquiring direct path through air
from transmitting to receiving antennas?

a. Surface wave

b. Space wave

c. Both a & b

d. None of the above

a. it does not give the target velocity

b. it does not give the target range

c. a transponder is required at the target

d. it does not give the target position

15) The coho in MTI radar operates at the

a. intermediate frequency

b. transmitted frequency

c. received frequency

d. pulse repetition frequency

a. 2

b. 4

c. 8

d. 16

17)After which phenomenon/phenomena do the waves arrive at the receiving antenna in

a. Reflection or Scattering

b. Refraction

c. Defraction

d. All of the above

18)By which name/s is an ionospheric propagation, also known as?

a. Sea wave propagation

b. Ground wave propagation

c. Sky wave propagation

d. All of the above

19)Under which conditions of charge does the radiation occur through wire antenna?
a. For a charge with no motion
b. For a charge moving with uniform velocity with straight & infinite wire
c. For a charge oscillating in time motion
d. All of the above
20)In a non-isotropic directional antenna, which radiating lobe axis makes an angle of 180° w.r.t.
major beam of an antenna?

a. Minor lobe

b. Side lobe

c. Back lobe

d. None of the above

21)Which equations are regarded as wave equations in frequency domain for lossless media?

a. Maxwell’s

b. Lorentz
c. Helmholtz

d. Poisson’s

22)Which type of wire antennas are also known as dipoles?

a. Linear

b. Loop

c. Helical

d. All of the above

23) Which antennas are renowned as patch antennas especially adopted for space craft
applications?

a. Aperture

b. Microstrip

c. Array

d. Lens

24) Which antenna radiating region/s has/have independent nature of angular field distribution over
the distance from the antenna?

a. Reactive near-field region

b. Fresnel region

c. Fraunhofer region

d. All of the above

25) Steradian is a measurement unit of

a. Point angle

b. Linear angle

c. Plane angle

d. Solid angle

26) If the antenna diameter in a radar system is increased by a factor of 4, the maximum range will
be increased by a factor of
a. √2

b. 2

c. 4

d. 8
27) In radio communication link, what is the shape/nature of waves generated by transmitting
antenna?

a. Spherical

b. Plane

c. Triangular

d. Square

28) After a target has been acquired, the best scanning system for tracking is

a. nodding

b. spiral

c. conical

d. helical

29)The coho in MTI radar operates at the

a. intermediate frequency

b. transmitted frequency

c. received frequency

d. pulse repetition frequency

30) A solution to the “blind speed” problem is

b. to vary the PRF

c. to use monopulse

d. to use MTI

31) If an antenna draws 12 A current and radiates 4 kW, then what will be its radiation resistance?

a. 22.22 ohm

b. 27.77 ohm

c. 33.33 ohm

d. 39.77 ohm

32)Radiation pattern is ---------------- dimensional quantity [

a) Two
b) three

c) Single

d) none

33). ------------- is also called as 3-dB bandwidth

a) FNBW

b) HPBW

c) Both a and b

d) none

34) The minimum value of the directivity of an antenna is……….

a) Unity

b) zero

c) Infinite

d) none

35)Antenna temperature considers--------parameter into account

a) Directivity

b) gain

c) Beam area

d) beam efficiency

Question no 2& 3

1.With neat diagram explain propagation of an electrical field lines and its radiation from oscillating
dipole

2. With the neat diagram explain elliptical polarisation and derive the equation for pointing vector
for elliptically polarised wave

3.Derive equation for normalised value of total electrical field due to linear array of n-isotropic point
sources of equal amplitude and spacing

4.Explain design procedure of circular microstrip antenna for the dominant TM110 mode

5.With diagram explain frequency independent

a) Log Periodic antenna

b) Log Spiral Antenna

6.Derive equation for electrical field due to non -isotropic and dissimilar point sources for d=λ/4
7.Explain transmission line model of rectangular microstrip antenna .Derive expression for Fringe
factor

8.With diagram explain

a) Radiation pattern

b) Beam area

9.Explain radio communication link. Derive Friis transmission formula

10.Obtain equation of electric field ‘E’ by considering: Two isotropic point sources of same amplitude
and same phase.

11.Explain with suitable example antenna pattern synthesis by pattern multiplication

12.Derive expression for following antenna parameters

a) Beam solid angle

b) Directivity

13.Derive formulae for null directions for arrays of n-isotropic point sources of equal amplitude and
spacing

14. With neat diagram, explain absolute gain measurement using (a) Two antenna method

(b) Three antenna method

15.Draw and explain normalised field pattern and normalised power pattern of antenna.

16.With the help of figure, explain three field regions of antenna

17.With neat diagram explain different feeding methods of microstrip antenna

18.Explain array geometry for Yagi-Uda Antenna.

19. An has field pattern given by :-

E(θ)=cosθ.cos 2θ for 00≤θ≤900.

Find (a)HPBW (b)Beam width between 1st nulls

20. A radio link has 15 W transmitter connected to antenna of 2.5 m2 effective aperture at 5 GHz.
The receiving antenna has effective aperture of 0.5 m2 and is located at 15km line of sight distance
from transmitting antenna .Assuming loss-less matched antenna, find power delivered to load.

21. Calculate approximate directivity from the HPBW of unidirectional antenna. If normalized power
pattern is given by ,

(a) Pn=cos θ

(b)Pn =cos2 θ

(c) Pn = cos3 θ

22.What is the maximum power received at distance of 0.5Km over a free space 1GHz circuit
consisting of transmitting antenna with a 25-dB gain and receiving antenna with 20-dB gain? The
gain is w.r.t lossless isotropic source. Transmitting antenna input is 150 W.
23. Two spacecrafts are separated by 100 Mm. Each has an antenna with D=1000 operating at 2.5
GHz. If craft A’s receiver requires 20dB over 1pW,what transmitter power is required on craft B to
achieve this signal level.

24.Two spacecrafts are separated by 3 Mm. Each has an antenna with D=200 operating at 2GHz .If
craft A’s receiver require 20dB over 1pW,what transmitter power is required on craft B to achieve
this signal level.

25.Design a rectangular micro strip antenna to resonate at 9GHz using a substrate with dielectric
constant of 2.56 and height of 0.125cm.

26.Design rectangular micro strip antenna to resonate at 2GHz.The substrate is has dielectric
constant of 10.2 and height of 0.127cm.

27.A plane wave is incident on short dipole. The wave is assumed to be linearly polarized with E in Y-
direction. The current on dipole is assumed constant. If terminal resistance is equal to the dipole
radiation resistance & R=0,

Find:-(a)Max. effective aperture of dipole (b) Directivity of dipole

28.What is required diameter of conical horn antenna operating at 3GHz with 14 dBi gain.

29.What is required aperture area for optimum rectangular horn antenna operating at 2GHz with 16
dBi gain.

30.A spaceship at lunar distance from the earth transmit 2 GHz waves. If a power of 10W is radiated
isotropically ,find(a) the average pointing vector at the earth (b) the rms electric field at the earth
(c)the time it takes for radio waves to travel from the spaceship to earth (d)how many photons per
unit area per second fall on the earth from spaceship transmitter?

Question no 4 and 5

1.with the help of geometry of direct and ground reflected waves, obtain the equation for reflection
factor for horizontal and vertical polarization

2.Explain effect of earths magnetic field

3.Derive RADAR range equation

4.Explain characteristic parameters of ionospheric propagation

5.Write short note on

(a)surface waves (b)space waves (c) sky waves

6.Explain potential functions for sinusoidal oscillations

7.Draw and explain pulsed radar set

8.Explain ionosphere and its regular & irregular variations

9.Explain Heuristic approach for potential functions and electromagnetic fields

10.Explain antenna scanning and tracking methods

11.Explain reflection and refraction of wave by ionosphere

13.For an electric dipole above surface of plane earth derive expression for ETotal space and ETotal surface

14.With the help of perpendicular propagation and parallel propagation explain wave propagation in
ionosphere.

15.What are Radar beacons, explain? State applications of radar beacons and derive expression for
beacon range

16.Explain MTI radar

17.For Ionosphere define and obtain equation of (a)refractive index (b) plasma frequency

(c) phase and group velocities

18.Explain wave tilt of surface waves

19.Draw and explain FM-CW radar

20.A transmitter operating at a frequency of 1.7MHz is required to provide a ground wave field
strength of 0.5mv/m at a distance of 10KM. A short vertical transmitting antenna has an efficiency of
50%.The conductivity of ground is 5× 10-5 mho/cm and its relative permittivity is 10.Find transmitter
power required.

21.A broadcast transmitter supplies 100KW to an antenna that radiates 50% of this power .The
antenna has directional characteristics such that field strength without ground loss is given by

E0=300×1.28×( PKW)1/2 mv/m at 1KM.

Find field strength of ground wave at 100KM for following types of earth conditions for F=500KHz

(a)Good soil :- ɛr=20, δ=10-4 mho/cm

(b)Poor soil:-ɛr=10, δ=0.2×10-4 mho/cm

22.A broadcast transmitter supplies 100KW to an antenna that radiates 50% of this power .The
antenna has directional characteristics such that field strength without ground loss is given by

E0=300×1.28×( PKW)1/2 mv/m at 1KM.

Find field strength of ground wave at 100KM for following types of earth conditions for F=500KHz

(a)Sea water earth:- ɛr=81, δ=45×10-3 mho/cm

(b) industrial area:- ɛr=5, δ=10-5 mho/cm

23.A broadcast transmitter supplies 100KW to an antenna that radiates 50% of this power .The
antenna has directional characteristics such that field strength without ground loss is given by

E0=300×1.28×( PKW)1/2 mv/m at 1KM.

Find field strength of ground wave at 100KM for following types of earth conditions for F=500KHz

(a)Rocky soil :- ɛr=10, δ=2×10-5 mho/cm

(b)Medium hills :- ɛr=13, δ=50×10-5 mho/cm

25. Determine:-

(a)Radio horizon distance for transmitting antenna height of 300 feet

(b)Radio horizon distance for receiving antenna height of 100 feet

(c) Max range of space wave communication for above antenna heights

26.A low power ,short range radar is having overall noise figure of 4.77dB.If antenna diameter is 1 m
, the IF bandwidth is 500 KHz, the operating frequency is 8 GHz and radar set is capable of detecting

Targets of 5-m2 cross sectional area at maximum distance of 12 KM. Calculate peak transmitted
pulse power.

27. Calculate maximum range of deep space radar operating at 2.5GHz and using peak pulse power
of and using peak pulse power of 25MW. The antenna diameter is 64 m, the target cross section is 1
m2 and the receiver noise figure is 1.1.The receiver BW is 5KHz.

28.An MTI radar operates at 5GHz, with pulse repetition frequency of 800pps.Calculate lowest three
blind speeds of this radar.

29. With a (CW) transmit frequency of 5GHz,calculate the Doppler frequency seen by stationary
radar when target radial velocity is 100Km/hr.

30.A low power ,short range radar is having overall noise figure of 4.77dB.If antenna diameter is 1 m
, the IF bandwidth is 500 KHz, the operating frequency is 10 GHz and radar set is capable of
detecting Targets of 5-m2 cross sectional area at maximum distance of 15 KM. Calculate peak
transmitted pulse power.