SCIENCE FOLIO
Title: Water Purification Method and
Water Sustainability
Group Members : Ayden Teo Jee Henn
Tee Jeon Hee
Yaw Yen Yi
Lim Yi Xuan
Lucas Koh
Form : 2 Red
Teacher : Pn. Tham Lee Yan
Theme: Exploration of elements in nature
Learning area: Water and solution
Content standard: Water purification and water supply
Learning standard:
-Demonstrate the water purification method
-Justify water sustainability as a key to healthy living
Idea: Use resources that we already have usually to make a
water purification model to clean water for ourselves.
Index:
No. Index Page
1. Picture of water purification model 1
& Estimated budget
2. Materials and apparatus 2
3. Duty Roster 3
4. Procedure 4
5. Water Purification Method 5
6. Definition & Causes of water pollution 6
7. Effect of water pollution 7
8. Ways to overcome water pollution 8
Picture of water purification model:
Estimated budget:
No. Item Quantity Price(RM)
1. Plastic bottles 4 2.00
Total budget 2.00
Materials and apparatus: Sand, Plastic bottles, Charcoal,
Scissor, Sieve, Tissue Paper, Glasses
Duty Roster:
Activity Date
- Teacher gives a topic on project proposals and 10/7/2023
suggestions.
- Teacher divides students into 8 groups. 7 groups 10/7/2023
consist of 5 members and 1 group consists of 4
members
- Group discussion to form a group. 10/7/2023
- Group members determines the specification of
each member.
- Members collect the materials and apparatus 11/7/2023
- Group members gather to build a water 15/7/2023
purification model
- Group members test the working of water
purification model
- We take the photos of the process
- We prepared a folio for the project 16/7/2023-
20/7/2023
- We prepared a Powerpoint presentation based 20/7/2023
on the folio
- Group discussion on final checking 20/7/2023
- We hand in our folio to our teacher 24/7/2023
Procedure:
1. Cut the bottom of plastic bottle with scissor.
2. Put a tissue paper into the plastic bottle to hold the materials.
3. Squash charcoal until it becomes crumble to improve the working
of purification then pour into the plastic bottle.
4. Use sieve to filter the sand and pour them into the plastic bottle.
5. Put the bottom part of bottle and into the plastic bottle to reduce
erosion of water.
6. A water purification model is done.
Water Purification Method
Water is one of the most valuable natural resources on Earth. Water
covers two-thirds of the Earth’s surface, however most of the water
cannot be used directly as it contains impurities, microorganisms and
dissolved substances.
Thus, water needs to be purified and treated in order to be safe
for human consumption. Water purification can remove odour, taste,
colour, microorganisms and dissolved substances so that the water can
be used for various purposes.
Our water purification model is using a water purification
method called filtration. We use sand, charcoal and bottom part of
plastic bottle to separate suspended particles from pond water. Here is
our testing:
We use pond water for testing.
Result:
We can see the water is cleaner before testing.
What is water pollution?
Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or
microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or
other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to
humans or the environment.
Causes of water pollution
• Deforestation
Felling forests can exhaust water resources and generate organic
residue which becomes a breeding ground for harmful bacteria.
• Global warming
Rising global temperatures caused by CO2 emissions heat the
water, reducing its oxygen content
• Industry, agriculture and livestock farming
Chemical dumping from these sectors is one of the main causes
of eutrophication of water.
• Maritime traffic
Much of the plastic pollution in the ocean comes from fishing boats,
tankers and cargo shipping.
• Fuel spillages
The transportation and storage of oil and its derivatives is subject
to leakage that pollutes our water resources.
Effects of water pollution
❖ Contamination of the food chain
Fishing in polluted waters and the use of waste water for livestock
farming and agriculture can introduce toxins into foods which are
harmful to our health when eaten.
❖ Disease
The WHO estimates that about 2 billion people have no option but to
drink water contaminated by excrement, exposing them to diseases
such as cholera, hepatitis A and dysentery.
❖ Infant mortality
According to the UN, diarrhoeal diseases linked to lack of hygiene
cause the death of about 1,000 children a day worldwide.
❖ Destruction of biodiversity
Water pollution depletes aquatic ecosystems and triggers unbridled
proliferation of phytoplankton in lakes — eutrophication —.
❖ Lack of potable water
The UN says that billions of people around the world have no access to
clean water to drink or sanitation, particularly in rural areas.
Ways to overcome water pollution
▪ Reuse items
Whenever you buy something that is not recyclable, such as plastic, it is
better to reuse it as often as possible. This habit limits your consumption
and means less of those products end up in the world’s rivers, lakes,
and oceans.
▪ Enforce laws
To ensure industrial waste is treated before being discharged into the
river.
▪ Avoid pesticides
If you need to overhaul your garden, attempt to do so without using
herbicides or pesticides. They are very harmful to the environment. Talk
to landscaping companies in your area about environmentally-friendly
replacements for these products.
▪ Garbage disposal
Even though most homes have a garbage disposal system in the sink, it
is better to use it rarely. This system can break down solid objects, but
those items harm the water supply. It is better to throw them in
the trash can when possible.
▪ Planting in lakes and rivers
Trees are also helpful. Not only do they look beautiful when they grow,
but these natural items reduce erosion that washes pollution into the
water and help protect the nearby water supply from pollutants. Fauna
also limits the Carbon Dioxide in the water, which balances out its pH
level.
