✅ C1-Level Grammar Topics with Examples by Theme
1. Education and Learning
Grammar Point: Inversion for Emphasis
Used in formal writing and speech for dramatic effect or emphasis.
🔹 Structure: Negative adverbial + auxiliary + subject + verb
🔹 Example: "Not only did she pass the exam, but she also achieved the
highest score."
Grammar Point: Complex Conditionals (Mixed Conditionals)
Used for hypothetical reasoning in past-present or present-past situations.
🔹 Example: "If I had studied law, I would be working at a firm now."
2. Work and Career
Grammar Point: Cleft Sentences
Used to emphasize a particular part of a sentence.
🔹 Structure: It is/was [emphasized info] that...
🔹 Example: "It was his attention to detail that impressed the board."
Grammar Point: Future Perfect Continuous
Used to express duration of an action up to a specific point in the future.
🔹 Example: "By this time next year, she will have been leading the team for a
decade."
3. Science and Technology
Grammar Point: Nominalisation
Turning verbs or adjectives into nouns to make writing more formal and academic.
🔹 Example: "The discovery of the vaccine was a significant breakthrough."
(From: "Scientists discovered the vaccine.")
Grammar Point: Passive Voice with Modals
Used in formal or scientific contexts to emphasize the action, not the doer.
🔹 Example: "The data should have been verified before publication."
4. Environment and Sustainability
Grammar Point: Reduced Relative Clauses
More concise ways to describe nouns using participles.
🔹 Example: "The forests damaged by wildfires may take decades to recover."
(Instead of: "The forests that were damaged by wildfires...")
Grammar Point: Present Perfect Continuous for Ongoing Actions
To stress duration or ongoing relevance.
🔹 Example: "They have been campaigning for climate action since 2018."
5. Media and Communication
Grammar Point: Reporting Verbs with Patterns
Adds variety and precision in reported speech.
🔹 Examples:
"The minister denied making any misleading statements."
"She accused the company of spreading misinformation."
Grammar Point: Ellipsis and Substitution
Used to avoid repetition and improve cohesion.
🔹 Example: "Some support the proposal, others don’t."
(Instead of: "...others don’t support the proposal.")
6. Health and Wellbeing
Grammar Point: Subjunctive Mood
Used in formal or hypothetical contexts, particularly in fixed phrases.
🔹 Example: "It is vital that he be informed of the risks."
Grammar Point: Advanced Modality (Past Deduction)
Expresses degrees of certainty about past actions.
🔹 Example: "She must have forgotten her appointment."
7. Travel and Tourism
Grammar Point: Relative Clauses with Prepositions at the Beginning
Formal structure for written English.
🔹 Example: "The resort in which they stayed was stunning."
Grammar Point: Inversion after “So” and “Such”
Adds emphasis in descriptive contexts.
🔹 Example: "So beautiful was the landscape that they extended their stay."
8. Society and Social Issues
Grammar Point: Participle Clauses for Cause/Result/Time
Used for conciseness and fluency.
🔹 Example: "Being aware of the risks, they chose to act cautiously."
Grammar Point: Complex Relative Structures
Embedded clauses or abstract noun + relative clause.
🔹 Example: "The belief that society is becoming more divided is growing."
9. Culture and Identity
Grammar Point: Emphatic Structures
To highlight a particular detail in spoken or written communication.
🔹 Example: "What I found most fascinating was the blend of traditions."
Grammar Point: Advanced Gerund/Infinitive Use
Certain verbs change meaning based on gerund vs. infinitive.
🔹 Example: "She remembered locking the door." vs. "She remembered to lock
the door."
10. Law and Order
Grammar Point: Passive Infinitive and Perfect Infinitive
Used for precision and legal formality.
🔹 Examples:
"The suspect is believed to have fled the country."
"The law is expected to be enforced strictly."
Grammar Point: Hedging and Softening Language
Used in legal or formal contexts to show caution.
🔹 Example: "It appears that the company may have violated regulations."
