CHAPTER

5 Language of Chemistry

I. OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

A. Choose the correct answer.
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (d)
B. State True or False. Also correct the false statements.
1. False 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. False
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. The valency of aluminium in aluminium oxide is +3.
2. The number of valence electrons in one carbon atom (atomic no 6) is four.
3. The atomicity of neon is one.
4. The elements present in a molecule of potassium sulphate are potassium, sulphur, oxygen.
5. Name of the law which forms the basis of balancing chemical equations is law of conservation
of mass.
D. Assertion-Reason
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a)

II. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Define the term chemical equation.
Ans. A shorthand representation of a chemical reaction in terms of symbols and formulae of the
reactants and the products is called a chemical equation.
2. How does a skeleton chemical equation differ from a balanced chemical equation ?
Ans. The differences between skeleton chemical equation and balanced chemical equation are as
follows :
Skeleton chemical equation Balanced chemical equation
(i) It tells us about the names of (i) It tells us about the exact
reactants and products. amount of various reactants
and products formed.
(ii) Sometimes only useful products (ii) All reactants involved and all
are mentioned in skeleton products formed are mentioned
chemical equation. in it.

3. Name the law which requires balancing of the chemical equations.

Ans. Law of conservation of mass requires balancing of chemical equation.
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4. How will you provide the following information in a chemical equation ?

(a) an aqueous solution (b) a liquid
(c) absorption of heat (d) evolution of heat
(e) catalyst (f) evolution of gas
(g) formation of precipitate (h) reaction conditions
Ans. (a) The information regarding aqueous solution is provided by writing (aq) along with the
reactant or product.
(b) The information regarding liquid solution is provided by writing (l) along with the reactant
or product.
(c) The reactions with – Heat term on the product side show absorption of heat.
(d) The reactions with + Heat term on the product side show evolution of heat.
(e) The information of catalyst can be given above the arrow ( → ) or equilibrium sign ( ).
(f) The evolution of gas can be shown by the ‘symbol ↑ ’ after mentioning the state (g) along
with the reactant or product.
(g) The formation of precipitate can be shown by the ‘symbol ↓’ after mentioning the state
(s) along with the reactant or product.
(h) The information regarding temperature (t), pressure ( p) and catalyst etc. is given above
the arrow (→) or (=). Separating the reactants and products.
5. How is an (a) exothermic reaction, (b) endothermic reaction, described in a chemical equation ?
Ans. The reactions in which heat is given out are called exothermic reactions. This information is
provided by adding a heat term on the product-side (right-hand side) of the chemical equation.
For example,
When carbon is burnt in air (or oxygen) heat is evolved. Then, the chemical equation is
written as, C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + Heat (393 kJ)
The reactions in which heat is absorbed are called endothermic reactions.
This information is provided by subtracting a heat term on the product-side (right-hand side)
of the chemical equation.
For example,
The reaction between carbon (C) and sulphur (S) to produce carbon disulphide (CS2) proceeds
with the absorption of heat, i.e., it is an endothermic reaction. The chemical equation of this
reaction is written as, C(s) + 2S(g) → CS2(g) – Heat (92 kJ)
III. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. What is a symbol? What are its significances?
Ans. The symbol of an element is a shorthand notation for its name. Symbol. Examples:
Sodium(Na), Copper(Cu), etc.
The symbol of an element has both qualitative as well as quantitative significance.
These are,
• the symbol stands for the name of the element.
• the symbol stands for one atom of the element.
• the symbol represents quantity of the element equal in mass to its atomic mass, or gram-
atomic mass.
• the symbol also represents the mass of the element which contains one Avogadro’s
number of atoms of that element.
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2. How do we write the molecular formula of a compound?

Ans. The molecular formula of a compound can be written as follows :
• Write the symbols of the constituent elements.
• Write the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule as a subscript to the
respective symbol. Usually, subscript 1 is not written.
For example,
• A molecule of hydrogen chloride contains one atom each of hydrogen and chlorine.
So, Molecular formula of hydrogen chloride = H1Cl1 = HCl
• A molecule of water contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
So, Molecular formula of water = H2O1 = H2O
3. What is the relationship of the law of conservation of mass to the balancing of chemical
equations?
Ans. The law of conservation of mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction.
In a balanced equation the mass of products is equal to the mass of the reactants. This
shows that during a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed, i.e., the law
of conservation of mass is maintained during a chemical reaction.
Consider the reaction
burn
Magnesium + Oxygen  Magnesium oxide
burn
2Mg( s) + O2(g)  2MgO( s)
2 atoms of magnesium 1 mole of oxygen 2 mole of magnesium oxide
2  24 = 48 g 2  16 = 32 g 2  (24 g + 16 g) = 80 g
Total mass of reactants = 80 g Total mass of product = 80 g
Conclusion : From the calculations (above), the mass of product is equal to the total mass
of reactants. This confirms the law of conservation of mass.
4. Balance the following equations:
(i) Fe + H2O → Fe3O4 + H2 (iv) Fe2O3 + CO → Fe + CO2
Ans. 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2 Ans. Fe2O3 + 6CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
(ii) Ca + N2 → Ca3N2 (v) PbO + NH3 → Pb + H2O + N2
Ans. 3Ca + N2 → Ca3N2 Ans. 3PbO + 2NH3 → 3Pb + 3H2O + N2
(iii) Zn + KOH → K2ZnO2 + H2
Ans. Zn + 2KOH → K2ZnO2 + H2

IV. CONCEPT BASED QUESTIONS

1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c)

ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS

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GROUP DISCUSSION
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