232 - PHYSICS
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
By the end of the course, the learner should be able to:
(a) select and use appropriate instruments to carry out measurements in
the physical
environment;
(b) use the knowledge acquired to discover and explain the order of the
physical
environment;
(c) use the acquired knowledge in the conservation and management of
the
environment;
(d) apply the principles of Physics and acquired skills to construct
appropriate
scientific devices from the available resources;
(e) develop capacity for critical thinking in solving problems in any
situation;
(f) contribute to the technological and industrial development of the
nation;
(g) appreciate and explain the role of Physics in promoting health in
society;
(h) observe general safety precautions in all aspects of life;
(i) acquire and demonstrate a sense of honesty and high integrity in all
aspects of
Physics and life in general;
(j) acquire positive attitude towards Physics;
(k) acquire adequate knowledge in Physics for further education and/or
training.
12.0.0 CELLS AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS
12.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to:
a) draw and set-up simple electric circuits;
b) identify circuit symbols;
c) define electric current;
d) explain the working of primary and secondary cells;
e) explain the care and maintenance of secondary cells.
12.2.0 Content
12.2.1 Simple electric circuits: cell, ammeter, voltmeter, variable resistor,
connecting
wires, bulb and switches
12.2.2 Circuit symbols
12.2.3 Electric current and its units
12.2.4 Primary and secondary cells. (simple cell, dry Leclanche’ cell, Lead
acid cell)
12.2.5 Care and maintenance of secondary cells
13.0.0 MAGNETISM
13.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to:
a) describe the properties and uses of magnets;
b) identify magnetic and non-magnetic materials;
c) state the basic law of magnetism;
d) describe patterns of magnetic field;
e) describe methods of magnetisation and demagnetization;
f) explain magnetisation and demagnetisation using the domain theory;
g) construct a simple compass.
13.2.0 Content
13.2.1 Magnets: properties and uses
13.2.2 Magnetic and non-magnetic materials
13.2.3 Basic law of magnetism
13.2.4 Magnetic field patterns
13.2.5 Magnetisation and demagnetisation
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13.2.6 Domain theory of magnetism
13.2.7 Care of magnets
13.2.8 Construction of a simple magnetic compass
14.0.0 TURNING EFFECT OF A FORCE
14.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define moment of a force about a point and state its SI unit;
b) state and verify the principle of moments;
c) solve problems involving the principle of moments.
14.2.0 Content
14.2.1 Moment of a force, SI unit of moment of a force
14.2.2 Principle of moments
14.2.3 Problems on principle of moments (consider single pivot only)
15.0.0 EQUILIBRIUM AND CENTRE OF GRAVITY
15.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define centre of gravity;
b) determine experimentally the centre of gravity of lamina objects;
c) identify and explain the states of equilibrium;
d) state and explain factors affecting stability of an object;
e) explain the applications of stability;
f) solve numerical problems involving centre of gravity and moments of a
force.
15.2.0 Content
15.2.1 Centre of gravity (Experimental treatment required)
15.2.2 States of equilibrium
15.2.3 Factors affecting stability
15.2.4 Problems on centre of gravity and moments of a force(consider
single pivot only)
16.0.0 REFLECTION AT CURVED SURFACES
16.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to:
a) describe concave, convex and parabolic reflectors;
b) describe using ray diagram the principal axis, principal focus, centre of
curvature and related terms;
c) locate images formed by curved mirrors by construction of ray
diagrams;
d) determine experimentally the characteristics of images formed by a
concave
mirror;
e) define magnification;
f) explain the applications of curved reflecting surfaces.
16.2.0 Content
16.2.1 Concave, convex and parabolic reflectors
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16.2.2 Principal axis, principal focus, centre of curvature and related terms
16.2.3 Location of Images formed by curved mirrors by ray diagram
method
(Experiments on concave mirrors required)
16.2.4 Magnification formula
16.2.5 Applications of curved reflectors
17.0.0 MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
17.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic, the leaner should be able to:
a) perform and describe experiments to determine the direction of the
magnetic
field round a current carrying conductor;
b) construct a simple electromagnet;
c) state the factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet;
d) determine experimentally the direction of a force on a conductor
carrying
current in a magnetic field (motor effect);
e) state the factors affecting force on a current carrying conductor in a
magnetic
field;
f) explain the working of simple electric motor and electric bell.
17.2.0 Content
17.2.1 Magnetic field due to a current
17.2.2 Oersted’s experiment
17.2.3 Magnetic field patterns on straight conductors and solenoid (right
hand grip rule)
17.2.4 Simple electromagnets
17.2.5 Factors affecting strength of an electromagnet
17.2.6 Motor effect (Flemings left hand rule)
17.2.7 Factors affecting force on a current carrying conductor in a
magnetic field
(Qualitative treatment only)
17.2.8 Applications - Electric bell, Simple electric motor.
18.0.0 HOOKE’S LAW
18.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to:
a) state and verify experimentally Hooke’s law;
b) determine the spring constant;
c) construct and calibrate a spring balance;
d) solve numerical problems involving Hooke’s law.
18.2.0 Content
18.2.1 Hooke’s law
18.2.2 Spring constant
18.2.3 Spring balance
18.2.4 Problems on Hooke’s Law
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19.0.0 WAVES I
19.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to:
a) describe the formation of pulses and waves;
b) describe transverse and longitudinal waves;
c) define amplitude(a), wavelength(X), frequency(f) and periodic time(T)
of a
wave;
d) derive the relation v = f X;
e) solve numerical problems involving v = f X.
19.2.0 Content
19.2.1 Pulses and waves
19.2.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves
19.2.3 Amplitude (a),
Wavelength (X),
Frequency(f), periodic time (T)
19.2.4 Relation v = f X
19.2.5 Problems involving v = f X
20.0.0 WAVES II
20.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic the learner should be able to:
a) describe experiments to illustrate the properties of waves;
b) sketch wave-fronts to illustrate the properties of waves;
c) explain constructive interference and destructive interference;
d) describe experiments to illustrate stationary waves.
20.2.0 Content
20.2.1 Properties of waves including sound waves, reflection, refraction,
diffraction and
interference (Experimental treatment required)
20.2.2 Constructive interference and destructive interference (qualitative
treatment only)
20.2.3 Stationary waves (qualitative and experimental treatment required)
21.0.0 SOUND
21.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic the learner should be able to:
a) perform and describe simple experiments to show that sound is
produced by
vibrating bodies;
b) perform and describe an experiment to show that sound requires a
material
medium for propagation;
c) explain the nature of sound waves;
d) determine the speed of sound in air by the echo method;
e) state the factors affecting the speed of sound;
f) solve numerical problems involving speed of sound.
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21.2.0 Content
21.2.1 Sound: nature and sources (experimental treatment required)
21.2.2 Propagation of sound: compressions and rarefactions
21.2.3 Speed of sound by echo method
21.2.4 Factors affecting speed of sound
21.2.5 Problems involving speed of sound
22.0.0 FLUID FLOW
22.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to:
a) describe streamline flow and turbulent flow;
b) derive the equation of continuity;
c) describe experiments to illustrate Bernoulli’s effect;
d) explain the Bernoulli’s effect;
e) describe the applications of Bernoulli’s effect;
f) solve numerical problems involving the equation of continuity.
22.2.0 Content
22.2.1 Streamline and turbulent flow
22.2.2 Equation of continuity
22.2.3 Bernoulli’s effect (Experimental treatment required)
22.2.4 Applications of Bernoulli’s effect: Bunsen burner, spray gun,
carburetor, aerofoil
and spinning ball
22.2.5 Problems involving equation of continuity
