Taekwon-do Notes

Stance Sogi Hand

Walking Gunnun Forefist Ap joomuk
Sitting Annun Back fist Dung joomuk Punch Jirugi
Parallel Narani Knifehand Sonkal Strike Taerigi
Ready Junbi Palm Kick Chagi
L Niunja Fingertip Sonkut Thrust Tulgi
Fixed Gojung Block Makgi
Bending Goburyo Jumping Twigi
Rear foot Dwit Bal Flying Twimyo
Vertical Soojik Forearm Palmok
Exercise Saju

Footsword Balkal
Ball of foot Ap Kumchi
Heel Dwit Kumchi
Back heel Dwit Chuck
Direction
Front Ap Double Doo
Side Yop Twin Sang
Back (kick) Dwit Double (twice) Ijung
(arm) Bakat
Inward Anuro
Outward Bakuro High Nopunde
Downward Naeryo Middle Kaunde
Upward Low Najunde
Rising Chookyo
Olligi
Snap Busigi
Obverse Baro
Reverse Bandae
 3 Step sparring (walking stance)

Attack Block
1 Front punch - middle punch Mid inner forearm
2 Front punch - High punch High inner forearm
3 Front snap kick Low Block
4 Knife hand middle Knife hand guarding
5 Knife hand downward strike

2 Step sparring (L stance)

Attack Block
1 Punch / Front snap kick Mid inner forearm Low block

2 Front snap kick / Middle punch X-fist pressing Double forearm

Forearm
Back fist strike / Side piercing kick Knifehand Guarding X block
3 guarding
Forearm High outer
Side piercing kick / Back fist strike
4 guarding forearm
Knife Forearm
Knife hand strike / Side turning kick
5 guarding guarding

Knife Reverse knife

Side turning kick / Knife hand strike
guarding hand block
6

1 Step sparring (Parallel ready stance) Repeat both sides

Attack Block
1 Front middle punch
2 Front snap kick
3 Turning kick (offset)
4 Side piercing kick
5
6
7
8

Power
Self defence Slow then Normal motion

Special Technique

Sparring

-
Physical Competence
High punch
 10th 9th 8th 7th 6th

Counter 2 4 2
Front punch
Fingertip thrust
Front snap kick
Front snap kick

4
Counter
High reverse punch
Front snap kick Knife hand strike / Side piercing kick
Side piercing kick
High strike - closed fist / Front snap kick
Fingertip Thrust

Front snap kick

Reverse turning kick

Counter

Side Piercing Turning Side

Snap kick Kick Turning Kick Piercing Kick
Knifehand Front elbow
strike Front Punch strike
 Side Front choke Bear hugs from
Pushing choke Side Headlock against wall front
Wrist Front Rear clothing
Release choke Rear choke Front headlock grabs

Clothing
grab Straight Punch Swing punch

Flying high side Flying high side

kick kick
Flying over head
front kick

Stance Defense - front Combinations

Guard Lead - front leg leg
Move Lead - hands Maximise scores
Defense -
Distance movement &
Attack counterattack
5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st

4 4 4 5

4 6 4 4 (or 4 x 3 step) 6

4 8 ?

Reverse turning Side kick or Turning

kick kick Hand (choice) Hand: 2 boards
Knifehand strike Choice of hand Turning Side
or technique Piercing Kick or Foot: 2 boards
Reverse turning
Backfist strike kick
 One handed Two handed Long, medium &
Tackle down downward stick downward stick Stick (in/ outward) close range
Chokes from Kicks/stamps from
Rear bear hug Turning kicks ground ground Angles & ground

punches, grabs,
Going down/up chokes, headlocks,
from ground bear hugs,

appropriate &
effective response

Flying turning Mid air turning Mid air turning Flying high side kick
kick Flying turning kick side piercing kick side piercing kick
Flying over head Flying reverse Flying reverse Flying high front kick
front kick turning kick turning kick Choice
Flying turning kick
Mid air turning side kick

Flying reverse
Divert counter Controlling space Warning control turning kick
attacks Moving to open First point tactics Speed break (hand/foot)
Jamming & space Two-target break
closing space

side kick (30 sec)

50 turning kick each leg
25 push ups
20 squats
10 tuck jumps
h side kick

h front kick

ning kick
urning side kick

eak (hand/foot)

g kick each leg

 Sparring
Warnings Fouls

a. Pretend to score by raising one/both arms. a. Heavy contact.

b. Stepping out of the ring (both feet). b. Attacking a fallen opponent.
c. Falling (any body part touching the ground). c. Leg sweeping.
d. Faking a blow/ injury to gain advantage. d. Holding/grabbing.
e. Intentionally avoiding sparring. e. Intentional attack to illegal target
f. Adjust equipment without referee's consent. f. Unsportsmanlike conduct
g. Unintentional attack to an illelgal target area

Training secrets 4 All Explain Tenets

1. Study Theory of power thoroughly (speed, breath, Courtesy
concentration of force, balance, reaction)

2. Understand movement purpose and method Integrity

3. Single coordinated action:eyes, hands, feet, breath Perseverence
Self Control
4. Choose appropriate attacking tool for each vital spot
5. Correct angle and distance for attack and defence Indomitable Spirit
6. Arms and legs bent slightly when in motion

7. Begin with backward motion & don't stop until blow

8. Use knee spring properly for sine wave

9. Exhale briefly at each blow except connecting motion

Ideal Characteristics (per the Encyclopaedi

Student
1. Never tire of learning. Learn anywhere, any time. (Secret of knowledge)
9. Be eager to learn and ask questions.
2. Be willing to sacrifice for art & instructor. (take part in demos, teaching, & work in dojang
3. Set good example for lower ranks.
4. Be loyal/never criticise your instructor, Taekwon-Do or teaching methods.
8. Never be disrespectful to instructor. OK to disagree but follow first & discuss later.
10. Never betray the instructor.
6. Student's conduct outside do jang reflects on the art &Instructor.
5. Practice (try) techniques taught by instructor
7. Discard techniques If instructor disapproves (or train elsewhere)

Theory of Power
Reaction force Bandong Ryok
Newton's Law, every force (action) has an equal and opposite force (action).
-Automobile crashes into a wall with force of 2,000 pounds, the wall will return same force.
-Forcing a seesaw down with a ton of weight = upward force of the same weight.
-Opponent at high speed, the force of strike the head= own onslaught + your blow.
-A punch with the right fist is aided by pulling back the left fist to the hip.
-Rear heel should be on ground at impact

Concentration Jip Joong

Apply impact force to smallest target area will concentrate increase effect.
The shorter the time, the greater will be the power of the blow. e.g. hit vs push (dissapate)
-Force of water from water hose from smaller orifice is smaller.
-Weight of a man spread out on snowshoes makes small impression on snow.
- E.g. knife hand or crook of the fingers.

a) every muscle of the body, bigger muscles: hip and abdomen first (slower to move) towards the appropriate tool to
be used at the proper time;
b) concentrate such mobilized muscles onto the opponent's vital spot.
Remember that jerking of hips/abdomen can be lateral or vertical

• Attack vital spots with appropriate attacking tool

• Attack at 90 degrees to target
• You must relax body (until last moment)
• The shoulder must not be tensed
 Taekwon-do
Disqualifications Composition
a. Misconduct to officials/ ignore
instructions. 1. Fundamental movements
b. Uncontrolled or excessive contact. 2. Dallyon - conditioning
c. Three (3) minus points/fouls by Referee. 3. Patterns
d. Alcohol or drugs. 4. Sparring
e. Loss of temper. 5. Self defence
f. Insult opponent, coach and or official.

g. Biting, scratching.
h. Attacking with knee, elbow or forehead.

i. Cause opponent to lose consciousness

Code of the Hwa-rang,

Polite, Justice, Respect rank, Etiquette, 1. Loyalty to the king and country
Possessions 2. Obedience to one's parents,
Right from wrong (self), Earn promotion 5. Selectivity and justice in the killing of living things
Patience, Keep trying
Calmness, Emotional control, Consider
consequeces before acting 3. Sincerity, trust and brotherhood among friends
Courage, Modest, Honest, 4. Never retreat in battle

acteristics (per the Encyclopaedia)

Instructor
1. Strong moral & ethical standard
2. Clear outlook & philosophy on life
3. Responsible attitude as an instructor
4. Scientific mind in matters of technique
5. Knowledge of the vital spots of the human anatomy
6. Unshakeable integrity in political & financial dealings
7. Dedication to spread Taekwon-Do globally
8. Gains confidence from seniors, trusted by fellow instructors & respected by juniors

Mass Zilyang
Mathematically the maximum kinetic energy of force is obtained from maximum body weight and speed and it is all
important that the body weight be increased during the execution of the blow. No doubt the maximum body
weight is applied with the motion by turning the hip. The large abdominal muscles are twisted to provide additional
body momentum. Thus the hip rotates in the same direction as that of the attacking or blocking tool. Another way of
increasing body weight is the utilisation of a springing action of the knee joint. This is achieved by slightly raising the
hip at the beginning of the motion and lowering tl·,p hip at the moment of impact to drop the body weight into the
motion.

Breath Control Hohup Jojul

Affects stamina, speed, condition a body to receive a blow & augment the power of a blow
-Breathe from lower abdomen to channel (Ki) energy
-Breath stopped (in exhaling) at can prevent a loss of consciousness / stifle pain.
-Sharp exhaling & tense the abdomen to concentrate maximum effort for a motion,
-Slow inhaling helps the preparation of the next movement.
-Never inhale while focusing a movement. Impedes movement & loss of power.

Practice disguised breathing to conceal fatigue.

Experienced Fighter will press an attack when opponent near exhaustion
One breath required for each movement except continuous motion.

Sharp breath - Striking motions

Slow breath - Pushing motions
Taekwon-do
Facets

1. Competitive activity (sport)

2. Self defense (martial art)
3. Improving ones behaviour (way of life)
4. Tool for social development

Qualities of a virtuous person

Propriety

Righteousness
Wisdom
Humanity
Trust

Patterns

Chon ji (18) : "the Heaven and the Earth:' In Orient, interpreted as the creation of world or beginning of human
history, so initial pattern played by beginner. Two parts to represent the Heaven & Earth.
Dan Gun (21): is named after the holy Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year of 2,333 B.C.

Do San (24): pseudonym of patriot Ahn Chang-Ho (1878-1938). 24 movements represent his entire life devoted
to the education & independence movement of Korea.
Won Hyo (28): was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in 686 A.D.

Yul Gok (38): pseudonym of a great philosopher & scholar Yi I (1536-1584), nicknamed "Confucius of Korea.’
Birthplace on the 38th latitude. The diagram represents "scholar."

Joong Gun (32): patriot Ahn Joong-Gun assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, first Japanese Governor-General of Korea,
who played the leading part in the Korea-Japan merger. 32 represents Mr. Ahn's age when executed in Lui-Shung
prison (1910).
Toi Gye (37): penname of a great philosopher & scholar Yi-Hwang (16th century), authority on Neo-
Confucianism. Birthplace on 37° latitude & diagram represents "scholar".
Hwa Rang (29): named after the youth group, originated in Silla Dynasty early 7th century. 29 represent 29th
Infantry Division, where Taekwon-Do developed into maturity.

Choong Moo (30): name given to the great admiral Yi Soo n -Sin of Yi Dynasty (1500). Invented the first armored
battleship, the Kobukson in 1592, precursor of the present day submarine. Ends with a left hand attack to
symbolize his regrettable death with no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced
reservation of his loyalty to king.

Speed
Speed is the most essential factor of force or power
Theory of kinetic energy: every object increases weight & speed in downward movement.
So the position of the hand normally is lower than shoulder & the foot lower than hips when body in the air.
Reaction force, concentration, equilibrium, breath control & relaxation of muscles contribute to speed. Coordination of these with
flexible & rhythmic movements produce maximum power.

Total Energy = Potential Energy (top of sine wave) +

Kinetic Energy (travelling energy)

Equilibrium

Blows are more effective and deadly when body is well balanced (equilibrium).
Unbalanced = easily toppled.
Stable yet flexible stance for offensive & defensive movements.

Equilibrium is classified into both dynamic and static stability. They are so closely interrelated that the maximum force can only be
produced .when the static stability is maintained through dynamic stability.

- Centre of gravity midway when weight is equally on both legs, or Centre of the foot if bulk of body weight is on one foot. Adjusted
according to body weight.
-Flexibility & knee spring also important for quick attack & recovery.
-the heel of the rear foot should on ground at the point of impact
 Respect/manners - Offer food even if starving.

Duty & Feel ashamed of unjust acts

Judge right from wrong especially oneself

Empathy/sorrow/love of fellow men equally (like parents)

Keep one's words and promises to everyone.

:' In Orient, interpreted as the creation of world or beginning of human

nner. Two parts to represent the Heaven & Earth.
an-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year of 2,333 B.C.

Chang-Ho (1878-1938). 24 movements represent his entire life devoted

ment of Korea.
o introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in 686 A.D.

osopher & scholar Yi I (1536-1584), nicknamed "Confucius of Korea.’

gram represents "scholar."

assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, first Japanese Governor-General of Korea,

a-Japan merger. 32 represents Mr. Ahn's age when executed in Lui-Shung

opher & scholar Yi-Hwang (16th century), authority on Neo-

& diagram represents "scholar".
roup, originated in Silla Dynasty early 7th century. 29 represent 29th
veloped into maturity.

eat admiral Yi Soo n -Sin of Yi Dynasty (1500). Invented the first armored
rsor of the present day submarine. Ends with a left hand attack to
chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced

Sokdo
ower
s weight & speed in downward movement.
han shoulder & the foot lower than hips when body in the air.
eath control & relaxation of muscles contribute to speed. Coordination of these with
mum power.

Kinetic energy = ½ (mass* velocity squared)

Kyun Hyung

s well balanced (equilibrium).

e movements.

atic stability. They are so closely interrelated that the maximum force can only be
through dynamic stability.

y on both legs, or Centre of the foot if bulk of body weight is on one foot. Adjusted

attack & recovery.

e point of impact
Moves Motions Tongjak Breaths Sinewave Speed
1 Natural 1 1 Normal
1 Normal Pontongoru 1 1 Normal

1 Slow Neurin 1 1 Slow

2 Continuous Iogin 1 (2 exhales) 2 Normal

2 Fast Bbarrun 2 1.1/2 Slightly fast

Differtent tools or Different
2 Consecutive Yonsok 2 1 Normal directions
Natural in first, power in
2 Connecting Yongyol 1 1 Normal second

2 Combination 2 0 Normal Flying (in succession)

1 Stamping 1 1 Fast
Circular Dolymyo
Double stepping
Sliding
Jumping
Releasing
Regular
Pattern

All

Joong Gun

Dan Gun

Do San
Blue belt
fundamentals

Yul-Gok

Toi-Gye
Kwang-Gae
Kwang-Gae
Choong-Jang
Kodang
So-san
Tong-il
 Cycle/ Composition
1 2
Patterns Fundamentals (W-forward/back unless noted)
Chon ji U-shape block (left / right)
Dan Gun Low block/Knife rising (continuous)
Do San High Inner knifehand (L)/Circ block (W) back/forward
Won Hyo Fingertip thrust/Release/Back fist
Yul Go Knife high front strike/Hooking/Punch (back/forw)??
Joong Gun Twin knife block, Pressing block (Low-slow)
Toi Gye Side punch (fixed)/Knifehand down (vertical)
Hwa Rang
Choong Moo L-guarding (forwards u.n.o)
Back leg (bending) Double side kick
Front leg turning, hooking, side kick (backwards)
Back leg turning kick/back kick
Back leg downward/side piercing (direction??)
Reverse turning (slow), side kick
Flying side kick, side kick (direction??)

Confident Training secrets

Dynamic Relax
Accurate trajectory
/stance Timing & Power

Powerful Backward & Sinewave

Rhythm & Timing

Trajectory Good technique mechanics
Finish position Don't kick beyond mobility

Balance/recovery/delivery
Power, accuracy, correct tool
Posture, fluidity, speed
Cycle/ Composition
3 4 5
Self Defense Sparring Conditioning

Fundamentals of attack/
Conviction in attack defence/guarding/movement
Consistency, Aggression, Apppriate strategy, adapt
Application techniques
Display proficiency - Show range Distance, Timing, Score &
of techniques Defend

Response consistent with threat Read opponent, lead match

Initiative, Tempo, Ring
Realistic position
Slow & Full speed
 Test
6 7 8 9 10
Step Sparring Physical Competency Power Test Theory Spec Tech
Three step Side kick hold (30 sec)
Two step Pushups (25)
One step Squats (20)
Sit ups (0)
Tuck jumps (10)
Plank (0)

Sequence Prepared

Appropriate defence High pushup/plank

Distance, Stance, Strong jumps (knees
Power over hip level)

Accuracy, Timing High kicks

Variation Squat below parallel

Dynamic
Creative
Clear
method/purpose
Performance
Indicator Physical Fundamental Movements

Displays common and

expected errors typical of
the grade at which the
Poor Not physically prepared for test movements are first learned

Performance errors evident,

Low kicking, push ups high or lost lack of power, timing,
Below plank, squats above parallel, weak accuracy in finish position or
Average jumping trajectory

Kicking hip level, push ups Minimum acceptable level of

shoulders level with elbows, squats performance for the grade,
to parallel, tuck jump with knees to adequate power, timing and
Pass hip level accuracy

Kicks at solar plexus or above, puch Minimal performance errors.

ups to within a fist of the floor, Minor inaccuracies in finish
squats below parallel, tuck jumps positions, trajectory, stance
Good with knees to hip level or timing.

All kicks at shoulder level or above, Consistently accurate and

push ups with chest to floor, squats powerful, showing clear
below parallel and tuck jumps with application of training
Very Good knees above hips secrets
Kicking Pattern

Capacity to perform kicks is under

developed, kicking without
reference to the mechanics of the Unsure of sequence, hesitant,
technique, working beyond copies, substitutes
mobility movements

Performance errors evident,

Kicks focused on incorrect target, lack of power, timing,
loss of foot tool, poor balance or accuracy in finish position or
recovery, weak delivery trajectory

Minimum acceptable level of Minimum acceptable level of

performance for the grade, performance for the grade,
adequate power, accuracy and adequate power, timing and
appropriate tool accuracy

Minimal performance errors.

Shows good control throughout Minor inaccuracies in finish
preparation, execution and positions, trajectory, stance or
recovery. Delivered with power. timing.

Dynamic performance,
Kicks with good posture, fluidity, consistently accurate and
speed and precision powerful with good rhythm
Prearranged Sparring Free Sparring

Clearly lacks fundamentals of

Unsure of sequence, hesitant, movement, attack, defence, position
copies, substitutes movements and guard

Chooses inappropriate strategies for

the opponent, persists with tactics/
Inappropriate choice of defence techniques that are ineffective, has
or counterattack, incorrect poor fundamentals allowing for easy
distance, poor stance or power counterattacking or scoring

Follows principles correctly with Adjusts strategy to opponent, has

adequate power, accuracy and solid fundamentals, shows
timing, chooses appropriate comprehension of distance and
technique interactions timing, scores and defends

Powerful in attack and defence, Reads opponent well and adjusts

good selection and variation in techniques and strategy to suit,
defence and counterattack, maintains momentum, leads the
excellent distance match

Takes initiaitive and keeps it, makes

Dynamic performance, creative opponent make all the hard decisions,
with good application, accurate, controls distance, tempo, ring
purpose and method clear position
 Special Power
Self Defence Technique Breaking Theory

Attack lacked conviction. Defence was

appropriate but ineffective or
inappropriate but effective. Range of
techniques chosen didn't adequately
allow for a display of proficiency

Clear attempts to follow prinicples but

lacked consistency, aggression or
application

Minimum acceptable level. Majority of

principles followed. Defensive
techniques appropriate to the attack
with some errors

Principles followed, good range of

techniques and scenarios presented,
aggression consistent with threat, clear
difference between slow and full speed

Convincing, powerful, realistic, good

selection of defensive techniques
applied to great effect, broad range of
scenarios, equally competent in all