CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Water quality plays a crucial role in ensuring public health, ecological balance, and sustainable
development. Access to clean and safe water is a fundamental necessity for human consumption,
agriculture, and industrial processes. However, increasing pollution levels due to urbanization,
industrial discharge, and climate change have led to severe degradation of water sources.
Contaminants such as heavy metals, chemicals, pathogens, and microplastics pose significant
threats to both human health and aquatic ecosystems. Hence, continuous and accurate
monitoring of water quality is essential for early detection of pollutants and effective water
resource management.

Traditional water quality monitoring methods rely on manual sampling and laboratory analysis,
which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often incapable of providing real- time insights.
The lack of continuous monitoring can result in delayed responses to contamination events,
leading to serious environmental and health hazards. To address these challenges, modern
technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) have emerged as powerful tools for automating
and enhancing water quality monitoring systems.

IoT-based water quality monitoring systems leverage a network of sensors, communication

technologies, and cloud computing to collect, transmit, and analyze water quality data in real
time. By integrating various sensors to measure key parameters such as , turbidity, temperature,
TDS Sensor, and electrical conductivity, these systems provide continuous and automated
monitoring without the need for constant human intervention. The collected data is transmitted
to a cloud platform such as ThingSpeak, where it is analyzed and visualized for better decision-
making. This approach not only enhances the efficiency of monitoring but also facilitates
proactive measures to mitigate contamination risks.

This paper proposes a smart IoT-based water quality monitoring system that aims to automate
the process, improve the accuracy of measurements, and enhance water management efficiency.
The proposed system ensures real-time data collection, early warning detection, and remote
accessibility, making it an ideal solution for municipal corporations, industries, and
environmental agencies. By utilizing cost-effective and scalable IoT technology, this

1
system can be implemented in various water sources, including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and
water distribution networks. Water quality monitoring is vital for various applications,
including municipal water supply systems, industrial wastewater management, aquaculture, and
agricultural irrigation. Contaminated water can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases,
disrupt industrial processes, and affect crop yields. In urban areas, ensuring safe drinking water
is a fundamental responsibility of municipalities, requiring continuous surveillance to detect
contamination sources promptly. Industrial facilities that discharge wastewater must adhere to
stringent environmental regulations, making real-time monitoring essential to prevent pollution.
In agriculture, irrigation water quality influences soil health and crop productivity, necessitating
efficient monitoring techniques to optimize resource utilization.

1.1 Motivation

Due to increasing water pollution, ensuring safe and clean water has become a major concern.
Traditional water testing methods are time-consuming, costly, and lack real-time monitoring.
With the advancement of IoT, we are motivated to develop a smart, affordable, and automated
system to monitor water quality remotely. This project aims to help in early detection of
contamination and promote better public health and environmental safety.

1.2 Problem Statements

Traditional water quality testing methods are manual, time-consuming, and do not provide real-
time data. There is a need for a smart, automated system that can continuously monitor water
quality and alert users to contamination risks using IoT technology.

2
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

3
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Nikhil Kedia (2019) – Water Quality Monitoring for Rural Area:

This study focuses on water quality monitoring specifically in rural regions. It explains the
complete process, including the use of sensors, embedded design, and the importance of
proper information sharing between the government and villagers. The key tools used are
IoT-based sensors and embedded systems. While the paper outlines the system effectively,
it highlights that automatic water purification or improvement isn't currently feasible.
Instead, it stresses that economical technology usage and increasing awareness among
people can significantly contribute to water quality improvement.

2. Jayti Bhatt & Jignesh Patoliya (2020) – Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring System:
This paper introduces an IoT-based real-time monitoring system to ensure safe drinking
water. The system uses sensors to measure key water quality parameters such as pH,
turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. These values are processed by a
microcontroller and transmitted to a Raspberry Pi using Zigbee protocol. Tools used include
sensors and Raspberry Pi integrated with Zigbee communication. The research gap
identified is the system’s limited functionality in terms of response or action—while it
transmits data effectively, it does not automatically respond to poor water quality conditions.

3. Michal Lom, Ondrej Pribyl, Miroslav Svitek (2022) – Industry 4.0 as a Part of Smart
Cities:
This paper explores how Industry 4.0 technologies are integrated into smart cities. It
highlights the role of interconnected systems such as the Internet of Services (IoS), Internet
of Energy (IoE), and Internet of People (IoP). The study presents how these concepts
support the development of smarter urban infrastructure. Although the paper contributes
conceptually to digital city planning, it does not focus on specific water quality monitoring
applications, which presents a gap for further targeted implementations.

4. Zhanwei Sun et al. (2023) – QOI-Aware Energy Management in IoT Sensory

Environments:
This research presents a framework for dynamic energy management in IoT environments
with a focus on Quality of Information (QOI). It proposes real-time decision-making models

4
that help optimize energy usage while maintaining service performance. Tools and
technologies discussed include Internet of Services and general IoT frameworks. The main
research gap lies in the generalization of the model—it is not specifically applied to domains
like water quality monitoring, which leaves room for domain-specific adaptations.

5. Singh and Gautam (2020) designed a solar-powered IoT water monitoring system,
making it suitable for deployment in off-grid areas. They focused on sustainability and
energy efficiency along with accurate data logging.

6. Rao et al. (2021) highlighted the integration of machine learning algorithms to predict
water contamination levels based on sensor data trends. This predictive approach can be
beneficial in preventing waterborne diseases by early detection of anomalies.

7. Bhardwaj et al. (2017) proposed an IoT-based water quality monitoring system that
uses sensors to measure parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, and electrical
conductivity. The collected data is transmitted via Wi-Fi to a cloud server, where it can be
accessed remotely. This work demonstrated the feasibility of remote monitoring for
preventing water pollution.

8. Patil and Patil (2018) developed a prototype that utilizes Arduino and various sensors
to monitor water quality. The data is sent to a mobile application using a GSM module,
providing alerts when parameters exceed safe limits. This system is suitable for
deployment in rural and remote areas.

9. Kumar et al. (2019) implemented a low-cost water quality monitoring system using
NodeMCU and ThingSpeak platform. The system continuously monitors water quality and
displays real-time values on a web interface. Their findings emphasized the importance of
user-friendly dashboards for data visualization.

5
 CHAPTER 3
AIM & OBJECTIVES

6
 CHAPTER 3
AIM & OBJECTIVES
3.1 AIM

To design and develop an IoT-based water quality monitoring system that can continuously
measure and report water parameters in real-time to ensure safe and clean water for various
applications such as drinking, agriculture, and industrial use.

3.2 OBJECTIVES

The objective for IoT-based Water Quality Monitoring System project:

1. To identify key water quality parameters such as turbidity, temperature, TDS

(Total Dissolved Solids), and conductivity.

2. To interface appropriate sensors with a microcontroller (e.g., NodeMCU) for real-

time data collection.

3. To implement wireless communication (e.g., Wi-Fi or GSM) for transmitting

sensor data to a cloud server or mobile app/dashboard.

4. To store and visualize collected data using cloud platforms (e.g., ThingSpeak) for
remote monitoring and analysis.

5. To create a user-friendly interface (dashboard or mobile app) for visualizing water

quality data.

6. To develop a low-cost, energy-efficient, and portable system suitable for rural and
urban water monitoring.

7
3.3 METHODOLOGY

1. Problem Identification & Requirement Analysis

 Identify the need for real-time water quality monitoring.
 List essential water quality parameters: temperature, turbidity, TDS, etc.
 Determine system requirements: hardware, software, communication modules.

2. Sensor Selection & Calibration

Select appropriate sensors:
 Turbidity Sensor – for water clarity.
 TDS Sensor – for measuring dissolved solids.
 Temperature Sensor – for water temperature

Calibrate each sensor to ensure accurate readings.

3. Microcontroller Integration
 Use a microcontroller (e.g., NodeMCU) to interface with sensors.
 Program the microcontroller to read sensor data periodically.

4. IoT Communication Setup

 Use Wi-Fi or GSM module (e.g., ESP8266) for sending data wirelessly.
 Connect the device to the cloud platform (e.g., ThingSpeak).

5. Cloud Platform & Data Visualization

 Send data to the cloud for real-time monitoring.
 Use charts and graphs to visualize sensor data.

6. Prototype Development & Testing

 Assemble all components on a breadboard.
 Test the system with different water samples.
 Validate sensor accuracy by comparing results with standard water testing
methods.

7. Result Analysis & Optimization

 Analyze collected data for trends and quality insights.
8
  Optimize system for accuracy, power efficiency, and network reliability.

8. Final Implementation
 Deploy the system in a real environment (e.g., water tank, river, or borewell).

3.4 SPECIFICATION OF SYSTEM

A. Hardware Requirements

The key hardware components include:

 Microcontroller: NodeMCU ESP8266 (with built-in Wi-Fi) / Arduino Uno + ESP01

 Turbidity Sensor: Range: 0–1000 NTU, Output: Analog.
 Temperature Sensor: DS18B20, Range: -55°C to +125°C, Accuracy: ±0.5°C.
 TDS Sensor: Range: 0–1000 ppm, Output: Analog.
 Wi-Fi Module: In-built ESP8266.
 Power Supply: 5V DC from USB or 9V Battery with Voltage Regulator.
 LCD Display: 16x2 LCD for local display of sensor values.
 Connecting Wires: Male-to-female, Female-to-Female, Male-to-Male jumper wires.
 Breadboard / PCB: For circuit assembly

B. Software Requirements
The key Software components include:

 Language: Embedded C / Arduino C.

 Arduino IDE: Used for coding and uploading firmware to NodeMCU.
 Library: ESP8266WiFi.h: Enables Wi-Fi connectivity on NodeMCU.
 Library: WiFiClient.h: Handles HTTP/IoT client requests/responses.
 Library: LiquidCrystal_I2C.h: Controls the 16x2 LCD using I2C for status display.
 Library: OneWire.h: Required to communicate with DS18B20 temperature sensor.
 Library: DallasTemperature.h: Simplifies temperature readout from DS18B20
sensor.
 ThingSpeak.h: Library used to send sensor data to the ThingSpeak cloud using Wi-Fi.
 Cloud Platforms: ThingSpeak, Blynk, Firebase (optional, used for storing/viewing
data)

9
 CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE DIAGRAM / METHOD /
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM / WORKING

10
 CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE DIAGRAM / METHOD /
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM / WORKING

Circuit Diagram :

Fig.4.1. Circuit Diagram of Water Quality Monitoring System Using IOT

Working of the System :

The system works by continuously monitoring key water quality parameters such as turbidity,
temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS) using appropriate sensors. These sensors are
interfaced with the NodeMCU ESP8266, a microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi.

1. Turbidity Sensor detects the clarity of the water by measuring the amount of light
scattered due to suspended particles.
2. TDS Sensor measures the concentration of dissolved solids in the water, indicating
purity levels.
3. Temperature Sensor (DS18B20) measures the real-time temperature of the water,
which can influence other water quality factors.

The ESP8266 microcontroller collects data from these sensors and processes the readings.
Using the ESP8266WiFi.h and ThingSpeak.h libraries, the processed data is then uploaded to a
cloud platform (like ThingSpeak) over Wi-Fi.

Users can access the data remotely through a web dashboard or mobile app, where they can
view real-time graphs and receive alerts if any parameter exceeds safe levels. This setup ensures
quick and remote monitoring of water quality in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

11
 CHAPTER 5
HARDWARE DESIGN

12
 CHAPTER 5

HARDWARE DESIGN
5.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

TDS Sensor
Power Supply

gg

Jumper Wire
Humidity Sensor WIFI Module
(ESP8266)

Temperature Sensor 16*2 LCD Display

Fig.5.1. Block Diagram Of IoT Based Water Quality Monitoring System

Using ESP8266

1) TDS Sensor :

Fig.5.2. TDS Sensor

TDS stands for “Total Dissolved Solids.” It is a measure of the combined content of all
inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized, or micro-
granular suspended form. TDS is commonly used to assess the quality of water,
particularly in contexts such as drinking water, wastewater treatment, aquarium

maintenance, and industrial processes.

13
2) Wi-Fi Module :

Fig.5.3. Wi-Fi Module

The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol
stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The ESP8266 is
capable of either hosting an application or offloading all WiFi networking function from
another application processor. Each ESP826 module comes pre-programmed with an AT
command set firmware. The ESP8266 module is an extremely coat effective board with
a huge & ever growing community.

3) LCD Display (16*2) :

Fig.5.4. LCD Display

14
16×2 LCD is named so because; it has 16 Columns and 2 Rows. There are a lot of combinations
available like, 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1, etc. But the most used one is the 16*2 LCD, hence we are
using it here. All the above mentioned LCD display will have 16 Pins and the programming
approach is also the same and hence the choice is left to you.

4) Gravity Analog TDS Sensor:

Fig.5.5. Gravity Analog TDS Sensor

Gravity Analog TDS Sensor is an Arduino-compatible TDS sensor/Meter Kit for measuring
TDS value of the water. It can be applied to domestic water, hydroponic and other fields of
water quality testing. This product supports 3.3 ~ 5.5V wide voltage input, and 0 ~ 2.3V
analog voltage output, which makes it compatible with 5V or 3.3V control systems or
boards.

5) Turbidity Sensor :

Fig.5.6. Turbidity Sensor

15
The turbidity sensor is used to measure the clarity of water by detecting suspended particles.
It works on the principle of light scattering, where an infrared LED and a photodetector
measure the intensity of scattered light in the water. Higher turbidity indicates more
impurities or contaminants. The sensor provides analog output proportional to the turbidity
level (in NTU). It is connected to the microcontroller for real-time monitoring. This sensor
is essential for detecting pollution in drinking or natural water sources.

6) Temperature Sensor :

Fig.5.7. Temperature Sensor

The temperature sensor used in this project is the DS18B20, a digital sensor that measures
temperature with high accuracy. It communicates with the microcontroller using the
OneWire protocol, requiring only one data pin. The sensor can measure temperatures
ranging from -55°C to +125°C with an accuracy of ±0.5°C. It is waterproof and suitable for
use in water quality monitoring applications. In this project, it was used to monitor the real-
time temperature of water and send data to the cloud via NodeMCU.

7) Breadboard :

Fig.5.8. Breadboard

16
 A breadboard is a tool used for building and testing electronic circuits without soldering. It
has a grid of interconnected holes where electronic components and jumper wires can be
easily inserted. The board allows quick modifications and troubleshooting during circuit
development. In this project, the breadboard was used to connect the microcontroller,
sensors, and power supply in a temporary setup. It played a key role in prototyping the water
quality monitoring system. Once tested, the circuit can be transferred to a PCB for
permanent use.

8) Jumper wires :

Fig.5.9. Jumper Wires

Jumper wires are electrical wires with connector pins at each end, used to establish
connections between components on a breadboard or with microcontrollers. They come in
three types: male-to-male, male-to-female, and female-to-female. In this project, jumper wires
were used to connect the NodeMCU, sensors, and the LCD display on the breadboard. They
are reusable and ideal for prototyping without soldering. Jumper wires ensure reliable signal
transmission and easy circuit debugging.

17
 CHAPTER 6
SOFTWARE DESIGN

18
 CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE DEISGN

Source Code

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
#include "ThingSpeak.h"

char ssid[] = "Sp";

char pass[] = "shubham1607";
const char* server = "api.thingspeak.com";
unsigned long channelID = 2819107;
const char* writeAPIKey = "OLM1XXU0OAVGTVQC"; Write API Key
WiFiClient client;
namespace pin {
const byte tds_sensor = A0;
const byte temp_sensor = D5;
}
namespace device {
float aref = 3; // Reference voltage for 3.3v boards
}
namespace sensor {
float tds = 0;
float temperature = 0;
float ecCalibration = 1;
}
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
OneWire oneWire(pin::temp_sensor);

19
DallasTemperature tempSensor(&oneWire);
void setup() {
lcd.init();
Serial.begin(115200); // Debugging
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
lcd.backlight();
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Connecting...");
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("WiFi connected");
tempSensor.begin();
ThingSpeak.begin(client);
Serial.println("Setup complete");
lcd.clear();
}
void loop() {
readTdsQuick();
readTemperature();
updateLCD();
sendToThingSpeak();
delay(1000);
}
void readTdsQuick() {
float rawEc = analogRead(pin::tds_sensor) * device::aref / 1024.0;
Serial.print(F("Raw Analog Value: "));
Serial.println(rawEc);

20
 float offset = 0.14;
float ec = (rawEc * sensor::ecCalibration) - offset;
if (ec < 0) ec = 0;
sensor::tds = (133.42 * pow(ec, 3) - 255.86 * ec * ec + 857.39 * ec) * 0.5;
Serial.print(F("TDS: "));
Serial.println(sensor::tds);
}
void readTemperature() {
tempSensor.requestTemperatures();
sensor::temperature = tempSensor.getTempCByIndex(0);
Serial.print(F("Temperature: "));
Serial.println(sensor::temperature);
}
void updateLCD() {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("TDS: ");
lcd.print(sensor::tds);
lcd.print(" ppm");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Temp: ");
lcd.print(sensor::temperature);
lcd.print(" C ");
}
void sendToThingSpeak() {
ThingSpeak.setField(1, sensor::tds);
ThingSpeak.setField(2, sensor::temperature);
int httpCode = ThingSpeak.writeFields(channelID, writeAPIKey);
if (httpCode == 200) {
Serial.println("Data sent to ThingSpeak successfully");
} else {
Serial.print("Error sending data: ");
Serial.println(httpCode);
21
 }
}

Code 2
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include "ThingSpeak.h"

const char ssid[] = "Sp";

const char pass[] = "shubham1607";
const unsigned long channelID = 2978227;
const char* writeAPIKey = "KOT6MCUJWNJJW1I4";
WiFiClient client;
const byte turbidityPin = A0;
const float analogRefVoltage = 3.3;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.print("Connecting WiFi");
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("\nWiFi connected");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("WiFi connected");
ThingSpeak.begin(client);
delay(2000);
22
 lcd.clear();
}
void loop() {
int rawValue = analogRead(turbidityPin);
float voltage = (rawValue / 1023.0) * analogRefVoltage;
float turbidityNTU = map(rawValue, 0, 1023, 3000, 0);
Serial.print("Raw ADC: ");
Serial.print(rawValue);
Serial.print(" | Voltage: ");
Serial.print(voltage, 2);
Serial.print(" V | Turbidity: ");
Serial.print(turbidityNTU);
Serial.println(" NTU");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Turbidity:");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(turbidityNTU, 0);
lcd.print(" NTU");
ThingSpeak.setField(1, turbidityNTU);
int responseCode = ThingSpeak.writeFields(channelID, writeAPIKey);

if (responseCode == 200) {
Serial.println("Data sent to ThingSpeak successfully");
} else {
Serial.print("ThingSpeak error: ");
Serial.println(responseCode);
}

delay(15000);
}

23
 CHAPTER 7
TEST AND RESULT

24
 CHAPTER 7

TEST AND RESULT

Testing Environment

To verify the accuracy and reliability of the system, it was tested in controlled laboratory
conditions as well as with actual water samples collected from different sources such as
tap water, borewell water, and river water. The test setup included the NodeMCU
microcontroller, pH sensor, TDS sensor, turbidity sensor, and temperature sensor
connected to a water container.

Parameters Tested

Parameter Sensor Used Measured Unit

Range
Turbidity Sensor 0 – 1000 NTU
Turbidity

DS18B20 -55 to °C
Temperature
+125
TDS 0 – 1000 ppm
TDS
Sensor

Table.7.1. Parameters Tested Range

25
 Test Results

Sample Reading TDS(ppm) Turbidity Temperature

Type No. (NTU) (°C)
1 550 650 27.2
Muddy
2 560 645 27.4
Water
3 540 660 27.3
4 570 655 27.5
5 555 648 27.2
1 920 40 28.1
Salty
2 910 38 28.2
Water
3 925 39 28.0
4 915 41 28.1
5 930 42 28.2
1 55 5 25.5
Filtered
2 50 4.5 25.4
Water
3 48 4.2 25.6
4 52 5.1 25.3
5 51 4.9 25.5
1 300 20 26.0
Sugar
2 310 22 26.1
Water
3 295 21 26.2
4 305 20 26.0
5 298 19 26.1

Table.7.2. Sample Test Results

26
RESULT IMAGES-

Fig.7.1. Hardware

Fig.7.2. Output

27
 CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

28
 CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION
The development of a Water Quality Monitoring System based on IoT successfully
demonstrates the integration of modern technologies to address environmental challenges. This
system enables real-time monitoring of crucial water parameters such as pH, temperature,
turbidity, and dissolved oxygen using various sensors. The collected data is transmitted to a
cloud platform, allowing remote access, continuous observation, and timely alerts in case of
water contamination.

By leveraging IoT technology, this system provides a cost-effective, scalable, and efficient
solution for ensuring water quality in both urban and rural areas. It can be implemented in
various water bodies such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and even water distribution systems to
support better decision-making by authorities and improve public health outcomes.

In conclusion, this project highlights the potential of IoT in environmental monitoring and lays
the foundation for future enhancements such as machine learning-based predictions, integration
with mobile apps, and solar-powered deployments for sustainability.

29
FUTURE SCOPE

 In future we use IOT concept in this project.

 Detecting the more parameters for most secure purpose

 Increase the parameters by addition of multiple sensors

 By interfacing relay we controls the supply of water

30
 REFERENCES
1) S. N. .Divekar and M. K. Nigam, “Machine Learning Based Dynamic Band
Selection for Splitting Auditory Signals to Reduce Inner Ear Hearing Losses”,
IJRITCC, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 71–78, Jul.
2) Divekar S, Nigam MK. (2022). Minimize Frequency Overlapping of Auditory
Signals using Complementary Comb Filters. SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical
Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 14(3), 333-336.
3) Prof. Sudhir N. Divekar, Ankita. A. Shinde, Rohini. R. Mulay, Pooja. V. Jaybhaye,
"Real Time Bridge Monitoring System", International Journal of Scientific
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET), Online ISSN : 2394-
4099, Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Volume 7 Issue 3, pp. 406-411, May-
June 2020. Journal URL : http://ijsrset.com/IJSRSET2073100.
4) T. Green, "Blockchain Applications in Environmental Monitoring," Smart
Contracts and IoT Journal, vol. 11, pp. 30-50, 2023.
5) L. Zhang et al., "Cloud Computing for Water Monitoring Systems," IoT and Water
Management Review, vol. 9, pp. 45-60, 2022.
6) M. Brown and K. Lee, "IoT Sensor Networks for Smart Cities," Urban Technology
Journal, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 145-160, 2021.
7) First Author and Second Author. 2002. International Journal of Scientific Research
in Science, Engineering and Technology. (Nov 2002), ISSN NO:XXXX-XXXX
DOI:10.251XXXXX.
8) D. Smith, "Smart Water Management Systems," IEEE Transactions on
Environmental Engineering, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 234-245, 2021.
9) P. Gupta, "Public Participation in Smart Water Monitoring," Citizen Scie] nce
Journal, vol. 4, pp. 22-38, 2021.
10) R. Kumar and S. Patel, "Machine Learning in IoT-based Water Quality
Monitoring," International Journal of Smart Systems, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 87-102,
2020.
11) S. Roberts, "AI and Predictive Analytics in Water Management," Artificial
Intelligence & Environment Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 80-95, 2019.
12) Third Author et al., "IoT-Based Water Monitoring," Journal of Environmental
Science, 2019.
13) J. Williams, "Big Data Analytics in Water Management," Environmental Data
Journal, vol. 15, pp. 90-110, 2018.

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 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

1. Paper Title - 'Water Quality Monitoring System Using IoT'

Publication- IJSRSET
Date-1 June 2025
UGC Journal no.-47147
Paper link- https://ijsrset.com/index.php/home/article/view/IJSRSET2512106
DOI : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET/IJSRSET2512106
Ref : Certificate/Volume 12/Issue 3/IJSRSET2512106

32
 APPENDICES
A1- PLAGIARISM REPORT

33
A2- PUBLISHED PAPER

34
35
36
37
38
A3- PARTICIPATION CERTIFICATES

39