DEPARTMENT : HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
COURSE : DIPLOMA IN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
STUDENT’S NAME : GRACE KAVUTHA
ADM. NUMBER : DND/M-0013/THI/24
UNIT NAME : NUTRITION IN THE LIFECYCLE
UNIT CODE : DND 2111
TRAINER : MR. MUMOSTONES
TASK : ASSIGNMENT
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 4TH JULY 2025
Question:
Write a structured essay that covers the key stages of human life cycle and three
corresponding nutritional needs ,use scientific reference, clinical guidelines where
applicable, highlighting preventive therapeutic roles of nutrition in various stages.
Introduction
The human life cycle encompasses various stages each characterized by unique physical
,emotional and nutritional needs. From infancy to old age our bodies undergo significant
changes that influence our dietary requirements.
Understanding these stages and the associated nutritional changes is crucial for
maintaining health and managing weight and preventing chronic diseases.
This overview will explore to different stages of life cycle ,the specific nutritional
challenges encountered at each stage and strategies to address these challenges.
Stages of life cycle
Infancy (0-1 year
This stage is marked by rapid growth and development .infants requires a diet rich in
calories ,proteins and essential nutrients .
Breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life,providing all necessary
nutrients and antibodies.
Childhood (1-12years)
As children grow,their nutritional needs evolve.A balanced diet that includes
fruits ,vegetables,whole grains,lean proteins is essential for healthy growth and
development.
This also involves developing food preferences and habits that can influence life long
dietary choices.
Adolescence (13-19years)
Adolescents experience significant physical and hormonal changes resulting to increased
caloric nutrient needs.Nutrients such as calcium iron and vitamins A and D are vital for
supporting growth,bone health and overall well being.
Adulthood (20-64years)
Nutritional needs during adulthood vary depending on activity levels ,health status and
lifestyle choices .
A balanced diet rich in whole grains is essential for maintaining optimal health ,managing
weight and preventing chronic diseases.
Older adults (64+years)
Aging brings about changes in metabolism ,digestion,nutrient absorption.Older adults
often face challenges such as decreased appetite ,dietary restrictions and health conditions
that requires tailored nutrition strategies to maintain health and quality of life.
Nutritional challenges across life cycle
Infants
Potential challenges include:
1. Inadequate breastfeeding
2. Allergies
3. Formula intolerance
Childhood
Nutritional challenges,
1. Growth spurts- children experience rapid growth and require adequate energy and
nutrients.
2. Obesity -rising rates of childhood obesity due to sedentary life
styles and poor diet choices. Adolescents
1. Increased nutrient needs- Teenagers require more calories proteins and vitamins
2. Body image may lead to distorted eating habits eg bilumna nervosa
3. Nutritional deficiencies eg anaemia, vitamin D deficiencies
Adulthood
1. Lifestyle choices- sedentary behaviour and poor diet can lead to chronic diseases.
2. Reproductive health- nutritional needs during pregnancy and lactation are critical.
3. Stress can influence eating habits and choices
Older adults
1. Malnutrition risk - aging can lead to decreased appetite, changes in taste
2. Chronicdiseases- eg diabetes, hypertension and osteoporosis requires specific dietary
consideration.
3. Medicationinteractions- certain medications can affect nutrient absorption and
metabolism.
Conclusion
Nutritional needs vary significantly throughout the life cycle and understanding these
changes is critical for promoting health and preventing disease.
By recognizing the unique nutritional challenges faced at each stage ,individuals can make
informed choices that support their health goals.
Tailored dietary strategies, along with guidance from health care professionals, can help
navigate these challenges and ensure that nutritional needs are met for optimal health at
every age.
Reference; World Health Organisation (2015)''Global strategy on Diet,physical Activity and Health''.
