CHAPTER > 02 Biological Classification NEET Key NOTES Biological classification refers tothe scientific procedure in which living organisms are classified and arranged into groups and sub-groups in hierarchial manner on the basis of their similarities and dissimilarities, Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a scientific bass for classification, Later Linnaeus gave the two kingdom system of Classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms. ‘This system though used till very recently, bt was unable to distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms and photosynthetic (plants) and non-photosynthetic organisms (Fung!) 11969, RH Whittaker proposed a five kingdom system of classification. He divided all living organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia as summarised in table below. Coarcters King Monera Kingdom Protita Kingdom Fog ‘King lantae Kingdon Asimala Celiype Frotanone kano ano — alayoti Complex ofbedy Unicel omuiclilar Unita Unie muesTlr Malzetiar Multa al wat Non-cellaxieand Prost or Absest Chins Cats ‘nent Petdotyan “ee Remora Recwcophic —_Gapepicprstiey Ghar) (lel or prc Earlier classification systems considered bacteria, BGA (Blue-Green Algae), fungi, mosses ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms as plants due tothe presence of cell wall in them. This classification system placed prokaryotic bacteria and BGA ‘ith other eukaryotic groups Ttalso grouped unicellular and multicellular, organisms together, eg. Chlamydomonas and Spirogyra (in algae). This system did not consider the differences in mode of nutrition and cell wall composition, so grouped fungi (heterottoph, chitinous cell wall) with plants (autotroph, cellulosic cell wall. Five kingdom classification considered such characteristics and segregated prokaryotic organism under Monera, unicellular ccukaryotes in Protista (this united Chlamydomonas and Chforela with Paramecium andl Amoeha earlier placed in plants and animals, respectively),Kingdom-Monera + Bacteria are the sole members of ths kingdom + Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms occurring in air, water, soil as well as in extreme habitats like deserts, snow, hot springs, et. + Bacteria have been grouped under four eategores based on theieshape = Coccus(coeei) = Spherical = Bacillus (bacili) ——~Rod-shaped = Vibrium (vibsio) = Comma-shaped = Spivllum (spirilla)—~_Spiral-shaped. + Bacteria show a wide range of mode of nutrition. They may ‘be autotrophic (synthesise their own food from inorganic ‘substrates),chemotrophic (photosynthetic autotrophic), “saprophytic or heterotrophic (depend on other organisens for food). + Bacteria are further divided into Archaebacteria and, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria «+ Archaebacteria live in extreme environmental conditions ‘These include ‘= Halophiles Bacteria residing in slty areas. = Thermoacidophiles Bacteria residing in hot springs. "= Methanogens Bacteria which survive in marshy areas (these are present in gut of many ruminant animals ike ‘cows and buffaloes), + Archacbacteria differ from other bacteria in having different ‘ell wall structure. Their cll walls made up of murein and ‘contains high amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which is responsible for ensuring their survival in extreme conditions Eubacteria + Another class-Hubacteria is also known as ‘tue bacteria’ + These have rigid cell wall made up of peptidoglycan. + They could be photosynthetic autotrophs, chemosynthetic, _autotrophs and heterotrophic bacteria Photosynthetic autotrophs include blue-green algae, which have chlorophyll similar to green plants Also known as ‘cyanobacteria, + These could be unicellular, colonial or filamentous, Jreshwater/marine or terrestrial algae. + Some bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised, cells known as heteroeyst, eg. in Nostoc and Anabaena. + Some bacteria utilise inorganic substances like nitrate nitsite, ‘ammonia, et, for oxidation and release of energy for ATP ‘production, These are known as chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria. «+ Heterotrophie bacteria (most abundant in nature) are ‘dependent on other organisms for nutrition. These include [Ne-fixing bacteria, pathogens te. + These reproduce asexually by binary fission, + During unfavourable conditions, these form spores. + These also show conjugation, a type of sexual reproduction in which DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another through a conjugal tube. + Pleomorphic bacteria, which lack cell wall is known as mycoplasma. They are pathogenic and the smallest microorganism known. Kingdom-Protista + Allsingle-elled eukaryotes are placed under Protsta + Members of kingclom-Protista ate the connecting link between prokaryotic monerans and complex ‘multcellar kingdoms-Fungi, Plantae and Animalia + These include ehrysophytes, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, slime moulds and protozoans, + These show a well-defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles + They reproduce asexuslly and sexually by a process involving cell fusion and zygote formation, + Kingdom-Protista has been further divided into the following groups + Chrysophytes include diatoms and golden algae known as desmids, They are found in marine environment, = The cell wall of diatoms is embedded with silica and forms two thin overlapping sheath as in soap box. + Diatomaceous earth isthe large amount of cell wall deposits of diatoms in their habitat, These axe used in polishing, filtration of oils and syrups. + Dinoflagellates are marine and photosynthetic microorganisms. * Due to the presence of different pigments, they appear yellow, green, brown and red, + As the name suggest they have two flagella one lies longitudinally and other transversely in furrow between wall plates. + Conyaulaxis a red dinoflagellate, which undergoes rapid multiplication and forms red tides, Toxins released by these microorganisms when present in such large numbers may even kill other marine animals such as fishes + Buglenoids are freshwater organism found in stagnant * Cell wallis absent, a prot fs present over the surface + Inthe presence of sunlight, they behave as autotrophs, while in ts absence they behave as heterotrophs, eg. Euglena « Slime moulds aze saprophyte, which are dependent on dead and decaying organic matter. * They form an aggregation called plasmodium, * During unfavourable conditions, they form spores, which are highly resistant rich layer called pellicleKingdom-Fung Protozoans are heterotrophs and live as parasites or predators, These are grouped into "= Amoeboid protozoans found in fresh or marine water or ‘moist soil, They have pseudopodia (false feet to capture prey a in Amoeb Flagellated protozoans either free-living or parasitic having flagella. The parasitic forms cause diseases, 6 sleeping sickness by Trypanosoma iliated protozoans are aquatic, actively moving sganisms due to thousands of ea present on them, The coordinated ciliary movement drives foad into cavity called gullet, eg. Paramecium. * Sporozoans are non-motile forms with an infectious spore like stage in thei life cele, eg, malaria causing parasite Plasmodian, These are heterotrophic organisms with thei cell wall made up of chitin, These have cosmopolitan distribution and are found in warm and humid places. Fungal body consists of long, thread-like structures called hyphae, which together form a network ealled mycelium, In certain organisms, hyphae are continuous tube with multinucleated cytoplasm (eoenocytic), while others have septac or eross walls, Their mode of nutrition is saprophytic and parasitic. They can also live as symbionts in association with algae as lichen And with roots of higher plants as mycorshiza, Reproduction in angi occuring by vegetative means, includes fragmentation fission and budding, asexually by oospore production conidia, ec, and sexually by oospores, ascospores and basidiospores. Sexual cycle involves plasmogamy (fusion of two protoplasts), karyogamy (fusion of two haploid nucle) and In some fungi two haploid cells result in diploid cells. In some cases, dikaryon stage occurs in which two nuclei are present within ace. This phase is known as dikaryophase bf fungus, Production of dikaryon (1 +1, i.e, two nuclei per cell) is 2 characteristic ofthe elasses~Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes Fungi ate classified into classes-Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes + Phycomycetes are lower fungi or algal fungi, their mycelium is aseptate and coenoeytic, reproduce asexually through zoospores or aplanospores and sexually through isogamy or anisogamy, eg, Rhizopus, Mucor, ec + Ascomycetes are sac fungi, their mycelium is branched and septate, sexual spores are conidia and sexual spores are ascospores, eg. Aspergillus, Neurospora, ete + Basidiomycetes are club fungi, their mycelium is branched and septate, reproduce asexually by fragmentation and thele vegetative cells fuse to form dikaryatie structure (plasmogamy), ©, mushrooms, bracket fungi, ete + Deuteromycetes are imperfect fungi, reproduce asexually by conidia and sexual forms absent in these og, Alteraria, Trichoderma, et + Heterothallism isthe condition in fungal organisms where different tall exist within a single genus of fangus Kingdom-Plantae + These include chlorophyllous org cell wal isms with cellulosic + Lifecycle consists of a dominant sporophyte and a highly reduced gametophyte showing alternation of ‘generations, + Few members are insectivorous plants, eg. Cascula, bladderwort ete + Plants are classified into algae, bryophytes, pleridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms Kingdom-Animalia + Animals are motile organs showing haozoie ruttion They flo deft growth pate + They divectly a nately depend on plant fo ood + Sexual reproduction iby copulation af male and female sates bllowed by embiye developrnent Viruses, Viroids, Prions and Lichens + Viruses and viroids are the non-cellular organisms, ‘which are not characterised in the system of classification given by Whittaker. + They have both living and non-living characteristics. + ‘They form inert crystalline structure outside the living cel, but inside the host cll they can multiply easily. + They take over the host machinery and replicate themselves «+ Pasteur and DJ lvanowsky gave the name virus, which ‘means venom of poisonous fui. + MW Beijerinck in 1898, called fiaid obtained from, infected tobacco plant as Contagium vou fluids (infectious living Hai) + Viruses are obligate parasite, These are inert outside specific host cell andl exist in crystalline form as demonstrated by WM Stanley. Genetic material of viruses could be DNA or RNA.+ Virus contain a protein coat called capsid, which is made up of capsomeres, Capsomeres are arranged in a helical or polyhedral geometric form. Bacterophage vius Viruses which infect plants have ssRNA, while which infect animals are either ssDNA/RNA or dsDNA/RNA. Viruses which infect bacteria are known as bacteriophage These are usually dsDNA viruses. Viroids, discovered by TO Diener are the smallest known, agents of infectious disease. These are only naked mucleic cid without a protein coat Prions are abnormally folded proteins with cause infectious neurological diseases, eg. mad cow disease in catle, Lichens are the symbiotic association of algae (phycobiont) and fungi (mycobiont). They are also not included in five kingclom system. Mastering NCERT MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ( TOPIC 1 ~ Introduction and Kingdom-Monera 1 Aristotle classified the plants on the basis oftheir ‘morphological characters and categorised them into (@) trees, shrubs and herbs () algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms (6) embryophytes and tracheophytes (8) algae and embryophytes 2 Who proposed two kingdom system of classification and named kingdoms as Plantae and Animalia? () Carolus Linnaeus (b) RH Whittaker (€) Carl Woese (@) Herbert Copeland 3 Which of the following characters served as the criteria for five kingdom system of classification ‘proposed by Whittaker? (@) Cell structure (©) Body organisation and mode of nurtion () Reproduction and phylogenetic relationships (@) Allofthe above 4 In five kingdom system of classification of RH Whittaker, how many kingdoms contain ‘eukaryotes? (@) Four kingdoms (©) One kingdom (©) Twokingdoms (8) Three kingdoms 5 In he five kingdom classification, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella are included in (a) Plantae (6) Algae (6) Protsta (2) Monera 6. Cyanobacteria are classified under which of the following kingdom? (@) Protsta (©) Monera (©) Algae (@) Plantae 7 Among the following, which one is the most abundant group of microorganisms? (@) Algae (0) Viruses (6) Protsts (@) Bacteria 8 Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shape. Refer to the given figure. Identify 4, B,C and D. CSS i10 u 2 % 6 W (2) A-Vibrio, B-Cocei, C-Bacili, D-Spirila (b) A-Coosi, B-Bacili, C-Spirila, D-Vibio (6) A-Bacili, B-Spirilla, C-Vibrio, D-Cooci (@) A-Spitlla, B-Vibvio, C-Cocei, D-Bacilt Some bacteria thrive in extreme environmental conditions such as the absence of oxygen, high salt concentration, high temperature and acidic pH. Identify the type of bacteria, (a) Cyanobacteria (b) Eubacteria (6) Archaebacteria (@) Mycobacteria Which of the following conditions would be favoured by thermoacidophiles? () Hot and alkaline () Snow and acide (¢) Hot and sulphur spring (d) Gut of cows Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions? NEET 2017 (@) Archacbacteria () Cyanobacteria (©) Eubactria (@) Mycobacteria ‘The primitive prokaryotes responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of ruminant animals, include the NEET 2016 (a) thermoacidophiles _(b) methanogens () eubacteria (@) halophites Methanogens belong to NEET 2016 () eubacteria () archacbacteria () dinoflagellates (slime moutas Thermococeus, Methanococeus and Methanobacterium are (a) archacbactria having eukaryotic histone homologue (b) bacteria wth eytoskeleton () archaebacteria with negatively supercoiled DNA as ‘eukaryotes, but lack histones (a) bacteria having positively coiled DNA, cytoskeleton, mitochondria Eubacteria include (@) blue-green algae and bacteria (b) archachacteria and blue-green algae () cyanobacteria and eukaryotes (@) bacteria and eukaryotes Pigment containing membranous extensions in some cyanobacteria are (CBSE-AIPMT 2012 (@) heterocysts () basal bod () pneumatophores (@) chromatophores ‘The eyanobacteria are also referred t0 as (CBSE-AIPMT 2012 (@) pros () golden algae () slime moulds (@ blue-green algae In cyanobacteria, which of the following is present? (@) Chlorophyli-e (&) Chlorophyll (6) Chlorophyll-a (@) Chlorophyll-e, 1» 20 2 include blue-green algae, which have chlorophyll-@ similar to green plans. Complete the given sentence with an appropriate option. (a) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria () Photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria (6) Protista (@) Saprophytic Specialised cells called heterocysts are present in (2) dinoflagellates () chrysophytes (6) archaebacteria (@) cyanobacteria ‘Some of the cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in their specialised cells called (@) akinctes (b) heteroeyst (©) endospores (@) homoeyst Identify the diagram of heterocyst. _JHPMER 2019 « © o Given figure is ofa filamentous blue-green algae Identify the algae and choose the option that is correct for 4, B and C in the figure (a) A-Gelidium, B-Vegetative cell, C-Heterocyst (b) A-Volvax, B-Somatic cell, C-Mucilaginous sheath (6) A-Chara, B-Mueitaginous sheath, C-Heterocyst (@) A-Nostoc, B-Heterocyst, C-Mucilaginous sheath24 Nostoc and Anabaena belong to (@) parasitic bacteria (b)atchaebacteria (6) eyanobacteria (@) coceibacteria ‘Which of the following is photoautotrophie bacteria? () Nostoe (6) Clostridiwn (©) Salmonella (@) Escherichia colt Identify the label 4, 8, C and D in the following figure. 25 (2) A-Plasma membrane, B-Cell wall, C-RNA, D-Spore formation (©) A-Cell wall, B-Cell membrane, C-DNA, D-Binary fission (©) A-Mueilaginous sheath, B-Cell membrane, C-RNA, D-Conjugation (@) A-Plasma membrane, B-Mucilaginous sheath, CDNA, D-Transformation (Toric 2~ Kingdom-Protista 32 Which of the following is nota feature of Protista? (a) Protst are prokaryotic (&) Some protstshave cell walls (€) Mode of nutrition is both autotrophic and heterotrophic (@) Body organisation is cellular 33. Which of the following kingdoms have no well- defined boundaries? (@) Plantae () Protista (6) Monera (0) Algae ‘34 Members of Protista are primarily (a) terrestrial (0) aquatic (6) pathogenic (@) photosynthetic 35 Chrysophytes, cuglenoids, dinoflagellates and slime ‘moulds are included in the kingdom = NEET 2016 (@) Protista () Fungi () Animalia (@) Monera ‘Which of the following groups of organisms is/are placed under the group-Chrysophyta? (a) Diatoms only (©) Desmids only (6) Diatoms and golden algse (@) Desmids and Paramecium 27 30 a 37 39 40 a Which ofthe following bacteria play an important role in the recycling of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and sulphur? (a) Chemohetertrophie bacter (b) Chemosymthetie autotrophic bacteria. (6) Parasitic bacteria (@) Saprophytic bacteria Oxygen is not produced during photosynthesis by ‘NEET 2018 (@) Geas () Nostoc (6) Green sulphur bacteria (4) Chara Citrus canker is a (@) viral disease (b) bacterial disease (6) fungal disease (@) protozoan disease Which among the following are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen? ‘NET 2017 (@) Bacillus (©) Pseudomonas (©) Mycoplasma (€) Nostoc Mycoplasma are classified under which of the following kingdoms? (@) Animal (©) Monera (b) Protisa (@) Fungi Diatoms and desmids are found in (@) freshwater (b) marine water (6) Both (a) and (b) (2) terrestrial habitat, Chrysophiytes are (@) planktons () nektons (6) benthic organisms (@) active organisms Silica gel is obtained by (@) redalgae () diatoms (6) Euglena (@) mycoplasma In which of the following organisms the cell wall is composed of vo thin overlapping shells, which fit together like a soap-case? (@) Diatoms (b) Golden algae (©) Slime moulds (@) Gonyaulax Diatomaceous earth is used forall except (@) filtration of ois, () filtration of syrups (c) cleaning agent in metal polishes (@) gobar gas production42 Which one of the following is a characteristic feature of the group-Chrysophyta? (2) They are parasitic forms, which caus diseases in animals (©) They have a protein rich layer called pellicle () They have indestructible wall layer deposited with i (8) They are commonly called dinoflagellates 43 Which of the following organisms are known as chief producers in the oceans? ‘NET 2018 () Cyanobacteria (6) Diatoms () Dinoflageltates (4) Euglenoids 4h, Dinoflagellates have (@) to flagella, which lie longitudinally (©) only one flagellum inthe transverse groove between the cel plates (©) only one flagellum inthe longitudinal groove between the eel plates (@) one flagellum les longitudinally and the other transversely in a furrow between the wall plates 48 In which of the following groups, the cell wall has tiff cellulose plate on the outer surface? () Diatoms () Red algae () Dinoflageltates (@) Slime moutds ‘46 Refer to diagram given along side and select the incorrect option regarding i. (a) Iebelongs to kingdom-Provista and isa dinoflagellate (©) Itis mostly marine, photosynthetic with ‘colour depending on main pigment present init cols (©) They have two flagella, a short and along, (@) Those organisms release toxins in lange number which kill other marine animals 47 Red tides in warm coastal water develop due to the presence of () dinoflagellates (6) euglenoid forms. (6) diatoms and desmids(f) slime moulds 48 Which of the following protists releases toxins that ‘may even kill fishes and other marine animals? (a) Euglena (©) Gonyautax (©) Paramecium (@) Plasmodium 49 Which group of organisms is represented by the given figure? (2) Dinoflagellates (6) Slime mould (6) Protozoans (4) Euglenoids 51 56 87 59 Plant-ike nutrition is present in (@) Amoeba (8) Paramecium (6) Euglena (@) Plasmodium Slime moulds are (@) pathogenic (6) saprophytic proiss ‘The free-living thalloid body of the slime mould is known as () parasite (2) autotrophic (@) protonema (b) plasmodium (6) fruiting body (@) mycelium Under favourable conditions slime moulds form (@) protonema (8) plasmodium (©) mycelium (@) fruiting bodies Identify the given figure and select the correct option. (@) Ie is marine water plankton () It isa saprophytic protist (6) It is parasitic predator believed to but primary relative of animals @) Ciliate protozoan Ciliates differ from all other protozoans in NEET 2018 (2) using pseudopodia for capturing prey (b) having a contractile vacuole for removing excess water (6) using flagella for locomotion (4) having two types of nucle Protozoans are (2) heterotrphs (b) autotrophs (©) producers (@) saprophytes Which of the following group is considered as primitive relatives of animals? (@) Chrysophytes (b) Provozoans. (6) Buglenoids (@) Slime moulds Protozoans are divided into ...,..... groups. Most stable word to fil the hank ie @) three (6) four © wo (@ cient Which of the following groups belong to protozoans? (a) Amoeboid, flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans (6) Diatoms, amoeboid, ciliates, sporozoans (6) Desmids, elites, Nagelltes, amoebiod (@) Dinoflagelates, ciliates, Plasmodium, amoeboid60 Flogellate protozoans are (@) frocsiving only (©) parasites only (6) either free-living or parasites (©) saprophytes 61 Which of the following is a lagellated protozoan? () Amoeba () Entamoeba (©) Plasmodium (@) Trypanosoma 62 Trypanosoma causes (@) sleeping sickness (0) m 63 Paramecium is an aquatic and actively moving ‘organism due to the presence of (@) psevdopodia () false feet (6) thousands of cilia (@) Magella (©) cholera (@) 004 poisoning (toric 3~ Kingdom-Fungi 67 The body of a fungus is made up of a number of clongated, tubular filaments called () hyphae () Woronin bodies (©) mycelium (6) thallus 68 Cell wall of fungi is composed of —_-JIMPER 2018 (@) chitin (6) pectin (6) cellulose (@) mannans 69. Which one of the following is wrong for fungi? NEET 2016 (@) They are eukaryotic () All fungi possess a purely cellulosic cell wall (c) They are heterotrophic (@) They are both unicellular and multicellular 7O Which of the following is a non-hyphal unicellular fungus? (@) Yeast () Puceinia (©) Ustlago (6) Alternavia 71 Which of the following options describe the ‘coenocytie condition in fungus? (2) Uninucleatehypha without septum (&) Multinucleate bypia without septum (©) Mulicellularbypha (@) Malticiliate hypha 72 Fungi that absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates are called (@) saprophytes () parasites (6) obligate parasite (@ lichens {64 Which of the following groups always produce an infectious spore-like stage in their life cycle? {@) Amocboid protozoans (©) Ciliated protozoans {e) Flagellated protozoans (@) Sporozouns 65 Plasmodium is a (@) ciliated protozoan (©) flagellated protozoan 66 Which one of the following organisms is scientifically incorrectly named and incorrectly described? (@) Plasmodium falciparum-A protozoan pathogen causing the mos serious type of malaria (8) Tepanasoma gambinse-The paras of seeping (©) Distoms-Very good pollution indicators (©) NoctibucaA ehrysophyte, which shows bioluminescence (©) sporezoan (@) amoeboid protozoan 73 Fungi that absorb nutrients directly from the cytoplasm of living host are called {@) saprophytes () parasites (©) symbionts (@) mycorthiza ‘76 Mycorthizae are mutualistic and symbiotic associations between (@) fngi and vascular plants (@) fing’ and non-vasela (6) fangi and roots of higher plants () fungi and bryophytes 75 Mycorthiza promotes the plant growth by {@) absorbing inorganic ions from soil (@) helping the plant in utilising atmospheric nitrogen (6) protecting the plant from infection (¢) serving as plant growth regulator 76 Fungi show vegetative reproduction by all of the following methods except (@) by fagmensation (6) by fission (6) by budding (@) by protoneme 77. Fungi show asexual reproduction by all of the following kinds of spores except (a) conidia () vospores (©) sporangiospores (@) zoospores 78 Fungi show sexual reproduction by all of the following processes except {@) oospores| (©) ascospores (6) basidiospores (2) zoospores79 80 Be 87 [In fungi, the various types of spores are produced in distinct structures known as (@) fruiting body (©) spore sae (©) peristome (6) pollen sae In fungi, the fusion of protoplasms between two ‘motile or non-motile gametes is called (@) plasmogamy (©) plasmokinesis (6) karyogamy (4) cytokinesis In fungi, karyogamy is the fusion of two (@) gametes (6) nuclei (@) cells (d) cytoplasm Which of the following isthe correct sequence of Class—> Mycelium-» Fruiting body observed in the kingdom-Fungi? (2) Phycomycetes > Septate, cocnocytic> Not present (&) Ascomycetes Asepiate and branched —> Ascocerp (6) Basidiomycetes Aseptae and branched S Basidiocarp () Deuteromycetes > Septate and branched > Not present In some fungi, two haploid cells result in a diploid cell. In some eases, dikaryon stage occurs in which ‘wo nuclei are present within a cell. This phase is known as (2) monokaryophase __(D) dikaryophase (6) plasmogamy (@) karyogamy Dikaryophase of fungus occurs in (2) Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes () Phycomycetes and Ascomycetes (6) Phycomycetes and Basidiomycetes () Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes Fungi are divided into four classes on the basis of () morphology ofthe mycelium (b) mode of spore formation (6) fruiting bodies (@) Allofthe above Rhizopus is included in the class (@) Ascomyestes (8) Phycomycetes (6) Basidiomycetes (4) Deuteromycetes ‘Which of the following classes consists of eoenoeyti ‘multinucleate and aseptate mycelium? (@) Basidiomycetes 0) Ascomycetes (©) Phycomycetes (4) Deuteromycetes Phycomycctes are most commonly found as (e) obligate parasite () obligate saprophyte (6) coprophilous component (@) Bott () and (6) In Phycomycetes, asexual reproduction occurs by (2) zoospores (©) aplanospores (©) Both (@) and (6) (6) conidia 92 9s 94 95 99 100 101 102 Isogamous means gametes (@) similar in morphology (©) similar in anatomy (6) female gamete i bigger than male gamete (@) male gamete is bigger than female gamete ‘Which of the following is @ parasitic fungi on mustard? (a) Rhizopus () Agaricus Al ofthe following fungi belong to Phycomycetes, ‘except (@) Rhizopus (b) Mucor (6) Albugo ‘The hyphae of Rhizopus are (@) unbranched, sseptate end uninucleate () branched, aseptate and multinucleate {) branched, septate and uninuclete (@) unbranched, septate and coenoeytic Ascomycetes are commonly known as {@) toad stool () sac fungi (6) imperfect fangi (4) bracket fungi ‘Yeast and Penicillium are the examples of class {@) Phycomycetes () Ascomycetes {) Deuteromycetes (@) Basidiomycstes ‘Members of Ascomycetes are (@) saprophytic () decomposers {6) parasitic or coprophilous (8) All of these Claviceps is a member of {a) Ascomycetes () Basidiomycetes ©) Zypomycetes (@) Phycomyeetes Which of the following fungus is used exten biochemical and genetic work? (@) Neurospora (6) Mucor (6) Rhizopus (@) Aspergils dentify the edible and delicate Ascomycetes ‘members (@) Agaricus end Puccinia(b) Morels and taffes {) Pulfball and Agaricus (d) Puffball and mushrooms ‘Which of the following are the commonly known forms of Basidiomycetes? (a) Mushrooms () Pustba {) Bracket fungi (@) Allof these ‘Where the members of Basidiomycetes occur? (a) Soil (©) Logs {) Tree stumps and living plan bodies (@) Allofthe above In Basidiomycetes, the mycelium is (a) branched and aseptate — (b) branched and septate {) unbranched and septate (d) coenecytic () Albugo (@) Neurospora (8) Agaricus103 In Basidiomycetes, vegetative reproduction occurs by (@) endospores (©) conidia (6) akinetes (4) fiegmentation 104 Among rust, smut and mushroom, all the three (@) ae pathogens (©) ae saprobes (6) bear ascocarps (4) bear basidiocarps 105 Al of the following fungi belong to Basidiomycetes, except (8) Agaricus (b) Ustlago (6) Puccinia (8) Alternaria 106 Which of the following are the common parasites of | class-Rasidiomycetes? (a) Usttago and Puccinia () Agaricus and Trichoderma (6) Alternaria and Colletotrichum (@) Colletorichum and Puccinia 107 In Deuteromycetes, the mycelium is (@) septate and branched (b) septate and unbranched (©) coenveytic (2) multinucleated 108 ‘The impertect fungi, which are decomposers of litter and help in mineral eycling belong to CBSE-AIPMT 2015 () Basidiomycetes {@) Ascomycetes (@) Deuteromycetes (6) Phyeomycetes 109 Deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores known as (@) conidia () endospores (6) zoospores (@) heteroeyst TO Sexual reproduction is present in all fungi classes, except (a) Ascomycetes (©) Basidiomycetes Al the given fungi belong to Deuteromycetes, except (@) Alternaria ©) Colletorrichum (©) Trichoderma (@) Ustlago M2 Which one of he following matches is correct? CBSE-AIPMT 2015 (2) Phytophthora. Asspate mycelium Basidionyectes (©) Altenaria Sexual reproduction absent Deuteromyeetes (©) Mucor Reproduction by conjugation Ascomycetes (©) Agaricus Parasite angus () Phycomycetes (@) Deuteromyeetes Basiiomyects| MS Select she incorrect match, (@) Morelsand ruts — _Phycomycetes (©) Mushrooms and puftballs — Basidiomycetes (6) Smut and rust — Basidiomycetes (@ Bread mould = Phycomyeetes ( TOPIC 4~ Kingdom-Plantae and Animalia M14 Inscetivorous plants are (@) autotrophic (©) parasitic TIS Which of the following are the examples of inseetivorous plant? (@) Bladderwort (©) Nepenthes: NG Cuscwiais alan (@) parasite (6) saprophyte 117 Plants show in ther life eye. (o) only sexual phase —_(B) only asexual phase (6) alteration of generations (d) None ofthese MIB Which of the given options best deseribes the ‘gametophyte in the alteration of generations of a plant's life eyele? (2) Generation that produces gametes () Generation that produces spores (©) Generation that has xylem and phloem (@) The diploid generation (0) partially heterotrophic (@) pathogenic () Venus fiytap (@) Allofthese (©) pathogen (4) autotroph 119 Which of these best deseribe the sporophytic ‘generation in plant's life eycle? (@) The haploid generation (©) Generation that produces gametes {) Generation that produces spores (@) Generation that has xylem and phloem 120 Kingdom-Animalia includes (@) heterotrophic organisms (©) eukaryotic organisms (6) multicellular organisms (@) Allof the above 121 The reserve food material of animals is (a) glycogen or animal fat (b) glucose (6) cellulose (@ chitin 122 Which of the following is not a feature of kkingdom-Animalia? {@) Lack cell wall (©) Holozoic mode of nutrition (©) A definite growth pattern (@) Chlorophyllous(orice 5 ~ Viruses, Viroids, Prions and Lichens 123 Viruses and viroids are the non-cellular organisms, which are not characterised in the classification of (8) Whitaker (b) Aristotle (6) Linnaeus (4) Watson 124 Viruses did not find a place in classification since (@) they are not truely living (b) they are non-cellular (€) they are obligate parasite (@) they ate pathogenic 125 Viruses are non-cellular organisms but replicate themselves once they infect the host cell. To which of the following kindgom viruses belong to? (2) Monera () Protista(¢) Fungi (d) None ofthese 126 Which of the following phenomenon proves that viruses are living? (@) They carry metabolic activity (6) They cary anaerobic respiration (6) They multiply in host cells (8) They cause infection 127 Tobacco mosaie virus is (a) spherical (0) rod-shaped (6) cuboidal (@) oval 128 Given below is the diagram ofa virus. In which one ‘of the options, all the three 4, B and C (name of the Virus) are correct? (2) A-RNA, B-Capsomere, C-Tobacco mosaic virus (@) ADNA, B-Capsid, C-Bacteriophage (6) ACRNA, B-Capsid, CTobacco mosaic virus (8) ACDNA, B-Capsid, C-Bacteriophage 129 The genetic material of viruses consists of (@) ds or ssDNA only (©) ds orssRNA only (©) DNA or RNA (Both ds and ss) (@ ssDNA or ssRNA, 180 The protein coat of a virus is known as (@) nucleoid () capsid (©) capsomere (4) outer envelope 131 The subunit of capsid is called (@) capsomere () core () nucleoside (4) nucleotide 132 Viruses are also known as () nucleoprotein particles (b) virion (©) lipoprotein particles (@) core 183 The latest view forthe origin of viruses is {@) they have arisen from nucleic acid and proteins found in primitive soup, (©) they arose from bacteria as result ofthe loss of cel wall ribosome, ete (©) they arose from some bacteria, which had developed sus only e modified plasmids, which ae infect the fragments of the nucleic acids ofthe host 184 The genetic material of rabies virus is (@) doublestranded RNA (b) single-stranded RNA (©) double-stranded DNA (@) single-stranded DNA 13S The non-living characteristic of viruses is (a) ability to mulkiply only inside the host (©) ability to cause diseases inthe host (6) ability fo undergo mutation (@) ability of crystallisation 186 Which of the following groups of diseases is caused by viruses? (a) Mamps, smallpox, herpes, influenza (©) AIDS, diabetes, herpes, tuberculosis (6) Anthrax, cholera, tetanus, ubereulosis (@) Cholera tetanus, smallpox, influenza 187 In plants, mosaic formation, leaf rolling and curling, yellowing and vein elearing ate the symptoms of (@) viral diseases (@) bacterial diseases (©) protozoan diseases (d) fungal diseases 188 Which of the following plant viruses has DNA? (@) Tobacco mosaic virus (b) Potato mosaic vias (©) Tomato mosaic virus _(d) Cauliflower mosaic virus 189. Bacteriophages are (@) bacteria that attack viruses (©) viruses that attack bacteria (©) free-living viruses (@) ee-iving bacteria WO Identify the label 4, 8, C and D in the following figure(8) A-Head, B-Collar, C-Sheath, DTail fees (b) A-Collar, B-Head, C-Sheath, D-Tail fibres (6) AcTlead, B-Collar, C—Tal fibres, D-Sheath (8) A-Collar, B-Tail fibres, C-Head, D-Sheath ‘A new infectious agent that is smaller than virus is (@) prion) virvid (6) bacteria (@) mycoplasma Viroids differ from viruses in having (8) DNA molecules with protein coat (b) DNA molecules without protein cost (©) RNA molecules wit protein coat (@) RNA molecules without protein coat wt wz 168 Lichens are mutualistic and symbiotic associations between (2) mycobiont and virus (6) mycobiont and phycobiont (©) mycobiont and root of higher plans (0) mycobiont and mosses NET 2017 4 us “6 7 The advantage of fungus in lichen is (@) food (0) anchoring (6) mineral absorption (@) Both (b) and (o) The benefit given by algae in lichen is {@) food for fungi (©) sheher (6) mineral ebsorption (@) protection Which of the following are most suitable indicators of SO, pollution in the environment? CBSE-AIPMT 2015 {@)Lichens (b) Conifers (©) Algae (@) Fungi Which of the following would appear as the pioneer ‘organisms on bare rocks? NEET 2016 {@) Liverworts (©) Green algae (&) Mosses (@) Lictens NEET SPECIAL TYPES QUESTIONS |. Assertion and Reason = Direction (Q. 148-157) In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is given by corresponding statement of Reason (R). Of the statements, ‘mark the correct answer a3 (@) Iboth A and R are true and R is the correct, explanation of A () Ifboth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A (6 IAs true, but Ris false (@ IFA is false, but Ris teue 148 Assertion (A) The two kingdom classification, used for a longtime, was found to be inadequate Reason (R) Two kingdom system of classification did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and roultiellular organisms and green algae and fungi 169 Assertion (A) Five kingdom system of classification did not differentiated between the heterotrophic ‘group, fungi and the autotrophic green plants. Though they showed a characteristic difference in their cell wall composition, ‘Reason (R) Fungal cell wall contains chitin, while green plants have a cellulosic cell wall. 150 1s1 152 13 154 Assertion (A) Euglena isa plant due to 1 of chlorophyll Reason (R) Euglena cannot be classified on the basis ‘of wo kingdom system, Assertion (A) Fungi are wide spread in distribution and they ean even live on or inside other plants and animals, Reason (R) Fungi are able to grow anywhere on land, water or on other organisms because they have variety of pigments ineluding chlorophyll, ‘carotenoids, fuwcoxanthin and phycoerythrin, Assertion (A) In fungi, sexual apparatus decreases in ‘complexity from lower to higher forms. Reason (R) In algze, sexual apparatus increases in ‘complexity from simple to higher forms. Assertion (A) Viruses cause diseases and replicate ‘when they are in the host cell. Reason (R) Viruses do not replicate outside the host, but they survive in environment, Assertion (A) Polluted water bodies have high abundance of Nostoc and Oscillatoria, Reason (R) These blue-green bacteria can tolerate adverse conditions very well compared to other aquatic plants e presenceISS Assertion (A) Slime animals. Reason (R) These do not have cell wall Assertion (A) Kingdom-Plantae includes all ‘eukaryotic, chlorophyll containing organisms. Reason (R) Few of its members are partially heterotrophic. Assertion (A) Three domains system classifies ‘organisms based on cellular characteristics. Reason (R) The three domains are, ie. archaea, bacteria and eukarya, lds are called a 187 I. Statement Based Questions 158 Which of the statements given below is correct? (@) Biological classification isthe sciemitie ordering of ‘organisms ina hierarchial series of groups on the basis of their relationships ie. morphological, evolutionary and others (&) Whittaker clasifed organisms on the basis of autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition (©) In ive kingdom system of eassifieation, living ‘organisms ean be divided into prokaryotic and ‘eukaryotic cells on the basis of cell structure (8) Allof the above ‘Consider the following statements. Which of the statements given below is incorrect? (@) All prokaryotic organisms were grouped together under Kkingdom-Monera (6) The unicellular eukaryotic organisms were placed in kkingdom-Protsta (©) Chlorella and Chlamydomonas, bot lack cell walls (8) Paramecium and Amoeba lack cll walls 159 160 \oose the incorrect statement about members of kingdom-Monera, (2) Many of them live in or on other organisms as parasites () Some synthesise their own food from inorganic solutes () Bacterial structure is very complex though they have very simple behaviour (Hundreds of bacteria are present in handful of soil Read the following statements about bacteria and select the correct option, (e) Bacteria are simple in structure, but complex in ‘behaviour (b) Bacteria are complex in structure, but simple in ‘behaviour (©) Bacteria are simple in both structure and behaviour (@) Bacteria are complex in both structure and behaviour 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 Which of the following statements about methanogens is not correct? NET (Odisha) 2019 (a) They can be wsed to produce biogas () They ae found inthe rumen of cattle and their excreta (6) They grow aerobically and breakdown cellulose rich food (@) They produce met In the light of recent classification of living organisms into three domains of life (bacteria, atchaea and ccukarya), which one of the following statements is true about archaea? (@) Archaca resemble cukaryain all respects () Archaea have some noble features thet are absent in ther prokaryotes and eukaryotes (©) Archaea completely differ from both prokaryotes and cukaryotes (@) Archaea completely differ from prokaryotes Which of the following statements isfare incorrect? (a) Bacteria reproduce only by binary fission (b) Under unfavourable conditions, bacteria produce sever types of spores (6) acteria reproduce by a sort of sexual reproduction by adopting a primitive type of RNA transfer fom one bacterium to other (4 Both (2) and () Which one of the following statements is incorrect? (2) Golden algae are also called desmids NET 2016 (b) Fubacteria are also called false bacteria (6) Phycomyoetes are also called algal fungi (@) Cyanobacteria are also called blue-green algae Which statement is correct? AlIMS 2019 (a) Mycoplasma is smallest ard wall less living org (@) Influenza and herpes are caused by virus having DNA and RNA (6) Nastoc and Anabaena ace important decomposers (@) Methanogen are methane producing bacteria in wheat crops Select the incorrect statement, NEET 2016 (@) Bacterial cell walls made up of peptidoglycan () Pili and fimbrive are mainly involved in motility of becteral cals (6) Cyanobacteria lack Hagellated cells (@) Mycoplasma isa wall-less microorganism ne gas Consider the following statements about mycoplasma. ‘Which of the statement given below is incorrect? (a) They are pleomorphic bacteria, which lack cell wall (b) Mycoplasma isthe smallest living organism (6) They cannot survive without oxygen (@) Many mycoplasma are pathogenic in animals and plans169 170 im m 178 1% Ws Select the incorrect statement, (@) The walls of diatoms are easily destructible (b) “Diatomaccous earth” is formed by the call walls of| diatoms (6) Diatoms are chet producers in the oceans (@) Distoms are microscopic and float passively in water ‘Which ofthe following following statement about Euglena isiare wus? (@) Buglenois bear agella (©) Euglena when placed in coninuous darkness, lonse their photosynthetic activity and die (©) The pigments of uglena ae quite diferent from those of green plans (6) Buglena i marine prosist Which ofthe following statements) given below isiare incorrect? (@) Diatomite is poros and chemically inex. is therefore, ‘sedi ivation of sugars, alcohol, ils, syrups and lnibitics (©) Diatomite deposits are often accompanied by petroleum fields (©) Both (2) and b) (@) Desmids are mainly fou in ity water and are usually indication of pollted water ‘Which ofthe statements) given below isiare correct for amoeboid protozoans? (a) Live in freshwater, sea water or moist soil {b) Has pseudopoia for Joomotion and capturing prey (©) Have silica shells on hie surfce in maine forms (@ AlLoftbe above Which ofthe following statements is correct? (@) Slime moulds are haploid {&) Protozoans lack ell wall (©) Dinoflagelates ar immotile (G) Pellcle is absent in Euglena Consider the following statements about Ascomycetes. Which one ofthe statement given below is false? (@) They ae saprophytic, decomposer, coprophilous and parasitic (b) Include uneetuar and mukicelilr forms (©) Mycelium is coenocytic and aseptate (@) Aspergillus, Clavceps and Neurospora are important examples of Ascomycetes Which ofthe following statement is incorrect? [NET (National) 2019 {@) Claviceps sa source of many alkaloids and LSD {b) Conia re produced exogenously and ascospores endogenously (©) Yeasts have filamentous bodies with long thread-ike hyphae (@) Mores an wuts are edible delicacies NEET 2016 176 "7 178 179 180 181 182 Which of the following statement is correct? NEET (Odisha) 2019 (a) Lichens do not grow in polluted areas (©) Algal component of lichens is called mycobiont {) Fungal component of lichens is called phycobioat (@) Lichens are not good pollution indicators Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect? (@) Protstan body includes a well-defined nocleus, and all, cellular organelles () Protsts have nucleus along with flagella and cil {) Protst cells have no nucleus but have some celular organelles fo perform basi functions (@ Allof the above Which of the statement(s) given below is/are correct? (a) Kingdom-Protista forms a link between monerans and the other organisms like plans, animal and fungi (©) Protsts reproduce asexually and sexually by a process involving ell fasion and zygote formation (6) Being eukaryotes, the protistan cell body contains a ‘welledfined nucleus and other membrane bound organelles (@ Allof the above ‘Which ofthe following statement about plant i false? {@) Plants are heterotrophs (©) Plants show alternation of generations during their life eyele (6) Plants ate multicellular eukaryotes (@) Plants are non-motile Which of the following statement is incorrect? (a) Viruses are obligate parasites NEET (National) 2019 {() Infective constituent in viruses isthe protein coat (6) Prions consist of abnormally folded proteins (6) Virois lack a protein coat Select incorrect statement. CBSE-AIPMT 2015 {@) The viroids were discovered by DJ Ivanowsky (©) WM Stanley showed tha viruses could be exystalised ©) The term ‘Contagium vivum fluid’ was coined by MW Beijerinck {(@) Mosaic disease in tobacco and AIDS in human being are caused by viruses State whether the given statements are true or false. 1. Bacteria show both autotrophic and heterotrophic sutrtion, I, Some of the bacteria are autotrophic. They may be photosynthetic autotrophic orchemosyathetic autotrophic. IL, Hererotrophic nutition involves obtaining of readymad organic food from outside sourees. () Land Tare ue () Tis tue, Vand Il ae false () 1, Wand IM ae tue (@) Only Lis true183 Read the following statements regarding archaebacteria and select the correct option, I. Archacbaecteria differ from other bacteria in having different cell wall structure I, Theircell wall is made up of cellulose and contains high amount ofunsaturated fatty acid, which is responsible for their survival in extreme conditions, IL, Thermoacidophileshave dual ability totoleratehigh temperature as well as high acidity. ‘Which of the statements given above are correct? (@) Tanai () Land tt () Wand tt (@) Allofthe shove Analyse the following statements and identify the ‘correct option given below. 1. Tndiatoms the walls are embedded with silica and thus the walls re indestructible, I, Diatomshave let behind large amount of cell wall ‘deposits in theirhabitat,thisaccumulation over billions of yearsis referred to as diatomaceous eposition or diatomaceous arth. (@) is tue, but Is fase (@) Lis fase, but I is tue (6) Land I are true (6) Land I are false ‘The given statements describe a group of organisms, 1. Instead ofa cell wall, they have a protein rch layer called pellicle which makes their body flexible. I, They havetwo flagella, a short anda long one. IL, They are photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight, when deprived of sunlight they behave ike heteroirophs by predating on othersmaller ‘organisms, IV, They are connecting link between plants and animals ‘Which of the following group is referred to here by the above statements? (@) Slime moulds (©) Dinorlagetares () Buglenoids (8) Protozoans 184 185 186 Consider the following statements about slime moulds. I, Plasmodiumis found in acellular slime moulds. I, Pseudoplasmodiumis found in cellular slime moulds. Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? (@) Lis true, bu His false (&) Both Tand Tate fase (6) Lis false, but I is tue (@) Both Iand I are tue 187 189, 190 Consider the following statements. 1. Inthis group, the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies, bearing spores at their tps. I, Spores possess true all. IIL, The sporesare dispersed by aircurrents, IV, Thesporesare extremely resistant and survive for many ‘yeats even under adverse conditions. ‘The above statements are assigned to (@) euglenoids (8) slime moulds (6) dinofiagellates (2) ehrysophytes Consider the following statements 1, Bruce discovered thatthe parasite of sleeping sickness istransmittedby se-sefly I. Sleeping sickness of Zippanosoma gambiens i also called gamsbian trypanosomiasis, which found in Wester and central partsof Aftia, Trichomonas vaginalis inhabits vagina of women and ‘causes the disease leucorrhoea. Entamoeba histolytica resides inthe upper partof the ‘numan’s large intestine an causes the disease known as amocbie dysentery Which of the statements given above are correct? Vv () Land ut () Wand lv (© Lilland tv (@) Allofthese Consider the following statements and place them into true and false category. 1. The fungi constitutea unique kingdom of heterotopic organisms, TL. The common mushroomandtoad stools are fungi IL White spots seen on mastard leaves aredue tothe presence of parasitic Fungus. 1V, Some unicellular fungi (Ustilago) are used to make bread and beer. V. Puccinia gramins tritici responsible for yellow rust ‘of wheat VL. Penicillium yields the antibiotic penicillin ‘True False (@ Ltt 1V,V,VL ) 1.1.1, V1 Mv (©) Tt, vt Ly @N,v 1,0, VL In Phycomycetes, asexual reproduction takes place by ‘zoospores or by aplanospores. Regarding these spores, consider the following statements and choose the correct option 1. Zoospores are motile and aplanospotes ate non-matile innature IL, These spores are endogenously produced in sporangium. Which of the statements are true and false? (@) Lis tue, but is false (b) 1s false, but Ii tue (©) Land I are true (@) Land I ae false191 Consider the following statements about sexual reproduction. I. Inclass-Phycomycetes, sexual reproduction produces aresting diploid spore called zygospore I, Zygosporesare formed by the fusion of wo gametes IL, All zygospores are of isogamous type, ‘Which of the statements given above are correct? (2) Land It (b) Land It (@) Mand It (@) All ofthese 192. Analyse the following statements about class—Ascomyeetes. |. Myceliumis branched and septate, TL The asexual spores are conidia, produced on the special myceliumcalled conidiaphores, IL, Sexual spores recalled ascospores, which are ‘produced insac-ike asci ‘Which of the statements given above are correct? () Land! () Vand Il (€) and I (@) All ofthese 195 Consider the following statements. 1. Myceliumis branched and septate, 1, Theasexual spores are generally not formed. IML, Vegetative reproduction takes place by fragmestation, TV, Sexongans ae absent, but sexual reproduetion takes placeby somatogamy. V. Karyogamy and meiosis take place in basidium to form fourhaploid basidiospores VI. Basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called Dasidiocarp, ‘The above statements are assigned to (@) sac fang (0) bracket fing (6) impertecti fungi (6) lub fungi 194 Consider the following statements about Deuteromycetes I. Somemembers are saprophytes or parasites U, Alargenumber of membersare decomposers oflitter andhelp in mineral eyeling. Ul Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Cercospora and Trichodermaare examples of Deuteromycetes, ‘Which of the statements given above are correct? (@) Land) Tend I (€) Mand I (@) All ofthese 195 Consider the following statements about plants. I. Kingdom-Plantae includes eukaryotic, autotrophic, clorophyll containing organisms. I, Irincludes algae, bryophyces, peridophytes, gymnosperms, butnot angiosperms. IL, Plants show alternation of generation [between haploid gametophytic (n) phase and diploid sporophytic 2n) phase}. ‘Which of the statements given above are correct? (2) Land () Land I) Mand IIL (@) All ofthese 196 Organisms of kingdom-Animalia L atecapable oflocomotion, TI, have specialised sensory and neuromotor system. LL, show sexual reproduction by copulation of maleand female followed by embryological development. ‘Which of the statements given above is/are correct?” (@) Landtt () Land it (©) Only (@ Allofthese 1. DI Ivanowsky (1892) recognised certain microbes as ‘causal organisms ofthe mosaic disease of tobacco. 1, MW Beijerinck (1898) demonstrated thatthe extract ‘of infected plants oftobacco could eause infection in healthy plants and called the fluid as Contagium vivum fluidum. lL, WM Stanley (1935) showed that these microbes could be crystallised and crystals consist largely of protein. ‘The above statements are assigned to 197 (@) Bacteria (©) Virus (6) Prions (@) Lichens 198 Which of the following statements ate false about viruses? 1. Viruses are facultative parasites. LL. Viruses can multiply only when they are inside the living ells LL, Viruses cannot pass bacterial proof filters. IV. Viruses donot contain protsins,DNA and RNA. (@) [Mand () Mand iv () Liang Iv (@) Allorthese 199 TO Diener (1971) discovered a new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses. Consider the following statements about this infectious agent. 1, Iteauses potato spindle tuber disease I, These areinfectious RNA particles I, lacks aprotein coat, IV, Themolecular weight ofits RNA is ow, ‘The above statements are assigned to (@) viruses (©) viroids (6) prions (2) lichen 200 Study the following statements and identify the correct option given below. 1. Viruses that infect plants have single-stranded RNA and viruses that infect animals have either single or double-stranded RNA or double-stranded DNA. I, Bacterial viruses or Bacteriophages are usually single-stranded RNA viruses. (@) Tisue, but Tis fase (@) Tis false, bot If is true (6) Land Il are true (@) Land I are false201 Which ofthe following statements correctly describe 205 Match the organisms in Column I with habitats in viruses? ‘Colum Il and choose the coreect option from the I. Simple and unicellular organisms ‘codes given below. NET (Odizha) 2018 I. Contain DNA or RNA and enclosed by protein coat. 1 Coloma t I, Possess own metaboliesystem and respond to stim A 1 Hotspenge IV. Matangeetsconiny en andegs mito iy thnmedphisr 2 Agues celomone correct combination is C_ Methinogsns 3.__ Guts of ruminants (@) Land It () Wand TV (©) Wand 1 (@) Tand 1 boobs fo iene Ill. Matching Type Questions Codes ABC DAB CD 202 Match the following columas. @. ts 2 wre se Colma Column @3 4 2 1 @2 4 3 1 (Sse fasion) (Given) 206 Match the following columes. A Tong semot 1 RE Whiter Commat Commait (Gears) (Prost) B Fivekingdomsysemaf 2 Carl Wore A Gh poiucerinheoomny 1 Bisons Slasienson Shek yaumap Gus B._ Reside 2._ Dinos Six kingdom sytem o is Liss Connecting nk bawecn ‘3. Evens lens and animals Codes ._ Fungus animals Slime mou ABC ABC @213 or 2 4 Codes O43 4 M3 1 2 ABC DAB CD @23 4 1 m1 2 3 4 203. Match the following columrs. Beat a Bey 3 4 Colas 1 fatch te following colunans. couune 207 Match the following coh x 1 Calum 1 Clue 1 2 3 Types) examples) c : A Arcot Pardo Spi A Commarsaped ated protzsans ‘srameci * = ©. Ciiated proorosne 3. Trpenoroma Codes ._ Sporooans 4. Enon htbvice ABC D AB CD @3 2 1 4 @4 3 24 Codes @2 1 4 3 @t 4 3 2 ABC DAB cD a) 3 43 204 Match the following bacterial nutrition with theit Os 9 4 Osa aS representative organisms 208 Match the following columns and choose the correct Colum Colame 1 ‘option from the codes given below. ype of bacteria) exams) tion from the codes given be AMS 2018 ‘A. Chemoeutouophis 1. Niiving bacteria ‘Columo L Colum i bacteria (Categories) (carpe) B Photoautrphie 2. Puple aces green lpr ‘A. Chrysophyte LGonyodae bt ctr 1 Dinofagelae 2. lena © Syinbionchaceris 3. Rhisobium, Frankia © Duslenous 4 Diam Parasitic bacteria 4. Vir cholerae bo Sime mouks 4 Plasmon Codes Codes ABC D AB CD Spe op A Be @12 3 4 @4 3 21 132 4@mr423 @s 2 4 1 @2 3 1 4 ©3 2 4 1 @3 1 2 4209 Match the following columes. 215 Match Column L with Columa I Column ‘NET (National) 2019 (Caicgores (examples) Cotama Column ‘A. Payeomyestr —_Alerara and Trichoderma ‘A Sepropyie 1. Symbol asociion offing 1B, _Ascomycet 2. Agaricus and Ustilago _with plant roots C._ Basidiomycetes 3. Aspe, Clnvcepd Nerapore B Tanta 2% ioempodtin af logic D,_Deseromyesis 4, Macor, Rhispus ed Pekin “CDi 3, Living on ving plans or animale Codes D. Mycota 4, Symbioieasoraion of alae and AB C D A Bo Cc D fe @1 4 3 2 @2 1 43 Codes @43 2 1 @3 2 1 4 ABC D AB CoD 210 Match the following columns. @M3 201 4 m2 1 3 4 23 4 1o@io2 3 4 tam (calanne) 214 Match the following colurans a 1 Algal fing Colon Column I B 2 Iperf (Scinit) ened) c 3._Breket Singh ‘AL_Divaowsky (892) 1. Vids 1D. Devicrmyeces St ing B.__MWBojernck (898) 2. Fist eryslised TMV codes C.__WM Stanley (1935) 3. Contam viv adm NR oe op AB © D._TODisner(197}) 4. Mosse dss of who @2 1 4 3 m4 3 21 coses @14 3 2 @3 2 1 4 a ce op A Be 211 Match the following columns. @l 4 3 2 2 1 43 ‘Column T ‘Column It @4 3 2 1o@3 2 1 4 Gesture) Betas) 215 Match the following columns. "APs fing on mnatird 1. Newospora Cotumn ‘Column B._Rustand smut diease 2. Paci and Clg (Wise) (Genet mati) (C._Uredin genetic work 3. Moreland aes AL MetB bacteriophage LL RNA D._ Fhe deicais 4 Alig B._ Rice dwar vins 2._sRNA E,_ Bad mould 5. Rhizopus C.__Casliower monic virus 3. ssDNA Codes D._ Polio vir 4 aDNA ABC DE Codes @s 5 4 20 ABC D AB COD O13 5 42 @3 1 4 2 m2 1 3 4 @21 3 5 4 ©3 4 2 1 @4 3 1 2 @421o3s 216 Match the following columms and choose the correct 212 Match the following columns. ‘combination from the given options. Column 1 ‘Cole Column 1 ‘Cama 1 (samc of fa) (Categores) (ing) {(Gusss) A Rhiopus 1, Eurovonyestt A Passe 1 Archacbctria B._ Perici 2. Urtilagomyeses BF 2. Bugenode C_Ustiago 3. _Deteromyests Prot 3. Phyconyectr D.__ternaria 4 2ygonyectes Do Monsis Ale Codes ‘Codes AB OC OD A Bc oD AB Cc D A BOC D @4 3 1 2 2 3 4 0 @4 302 1 @®r 2 3 4 O41 2 3 M3 4 21 3 4 2 1 @4 2 3 1NCERT & NCERT Exemplar MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS NCERT 217 Choose the incorrect statement amongst the following, (@) Alteration of generations is well-marked in angiosperms (©) Kingdom-Plantae includes prokaryotic photosymhetic organisms (©) Mycoplasma isthe smallest cellar organism, which, ‘docs nat contain cel wall (2) Potato spindle tuber disease is caused by viroid NCERT Exemplar 218 All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong to (2) Monera ()Protsta(¢) Fungi (@) Bacteria 219 Naked cytoplasm, multinucleated and saprophytie are the characteristics of (@) Monera 0) Protsta (©) Fungi (@) Slime mould 220 Difference between virus and viroid is (2) the absence of protein coat in viroid, but present in () the presence of low molecular weight RNA in views, but absent in viroid (©) Both (a) and (6) (8) None of the above 221 Viruses are non-cellular organisms, but replicate themselves once they infect the host cell. To which of the following kingdom do viruses belong to? (@) Monera () Prosista (©) Fungi (€) None of these 222. An association between roots of higher plants and fungi is called (@) lichen () fern (©) mycorshiza (BGA 223 224 225 26 227 228 229 ‘The five kingdom classification was proposed by (@) RH Whitaker (6) CLinnaeus (6) A Roxberg, (@ Virenow ‘Organisms living in salty areas are called as {@) methanogens (@) halophites (©) eliophytes (@) thermoacidophiles Contagium vivum fluidum was proposed by (@) DI Iwanowsky (0) MW Reijerinck (6) Staley Miller (Rot A dikaryon is formed when (@) meiosis is arrested (©) the two haploid cells do not fuse immediately (©) cytoplasm does not fuse (@) None of the above Association between mycobiont and phycobiont is found in (@)mycorthiza (6) root Hooke (lichess (@)BGA ‘With respect to fungal sexual eyele, choose the ccortect sequence of events (@) Karyogamy, Plasmogamy and Meiosis (©) Meiosis, Piasmogamy and Karyogamy (o) Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and Meiosis (4) Meiosis, Karyogamy and Plasmogamy ‘Members of Phycomyeetes are found in 1. aquatic habitats IL ondecaying wood, 1, moistand damp places. IV, as obligate parasites on plants, Choose the correct answer from the following options. (@) Land 1V (©) Only () Only I (@ Allof these(Answers > Mastering NCERT with MCQs sa) 180) 30) 480) 6300) 780i) 930) 108) 123) 138.4) 1a) 16a) a0) 460) 610) 760) 910) 106 (4) 107 (a) 121 (a) 122 (a) 136 () 137 (a) 20) va 52 (a) 70) 62) 70) 920) 40) 190) 40) 4904) 6404) 790) 940) 1094) 110 () 124 (#) 125 (8) 139 (0) 140 (a) 50 60) 16) 36(0 5100) 66 (4) 10) 960) 11a) 126) 141) 70) 220) a7) 520) 67%) 8204) 97%) 112) 1270) 12) aa) 23.4) 58) 530) 68.4) 850) 980) 1134) 128 (0) 143.0) 2004) 35 (a) 50%) ro) 800) 950) > NEET Special Types Questions 148 (a) 149 (8) 150 4) 151 () 152 0) 163 () 164 (a) 165 0) 166 () 167 0) 178(4) 1794) 180 0) 181 () 182) 193) 194 @) 195 ) 196(4) 1970) 208) 209 0) 240 (0) 211 (a) 212.) 153 () 168 () 185) 198 (0) 2136) 154 () 169) 18400) 199) 2146) 155 (6) 170%) 18500) 200(s) 2154) > NCERT & NCERT Exemplar Questions 217 () 218 (b) 219 (2) 220 (a) 221 (d) 2220) ne 260) aa 56 (a) neo) 86.) 101 (i) 116 (3) 1316 146 (a) ne 270) 90) 2400) 390) 540) 690) 4 @) 90) 1140) 129) 144) 10% 25%) 40 (a) 350) 7010) 854) 100 (a) 115 4) 130 0) 145 (@) 10) 280) 430) 570) 580) 72a) 73.06) 88,4) 102 b) 103 4) 117 @) 18%) 132 @) 133 (4) 147) Ho 290) aa) 5904) 400 8900) 108 4) 119@) 134) 15) 3000) 50) 6000 75a) 90) 105 4) 1204) 135 (4) 7 156.0) 171 (a) 186 (4) 201) 216 (@) 1570) 17214) 1876) 202) 158.) 173 (8) 188 4) 203 () 1590) 17480) 159) 204 (a) 160 6) 161 (a) 176) 11a) 206 (8) 1620) 17) 192 (a) 207) 175) 1906) 205 (a) 225 (a) 224 (b) 225 (h) 226(b) 227 (0) 228(¢) 2291) Answers & Explanations 1 (a) Aristotle classified plans into toes, shrubs and herbs. He used simple morphological characters as tool forhis classification, He also divided animals into two sr0ups those whieh have red blood and those that didnot 2 (a) Earlor, all the organisms of the world had been divided into two kingdoms, i. plant kingdom and animal kingdom. This system of classification was given by Carolus Linmaeus in the book Systema Naturae (1735), 4 (a) The five kingdom classification proposed by Whittaker includes Monere, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Avital, Out of which four kingdoms, ic, Protista, Fungi Plantae and Animalia contain eukaryotes 5 (c) In the five kingdom classification, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella have been included in kingdom-Protista as they are autotrophic, eukaryotic organisms with eell wal. 6 (6) Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes. In five kingdom system of classification (by RH Whitaker, all prokaryotes are inclided in the kingdom-Monera 8 (2) The given figures A represents spherical-shaped bacteria generally called B represents the rod-shaped bacter bacilli (Crepresents the spiral-shaped bacteria (with Nagella ranging ftom one to multiple) generally called as spirilla resents the comma-shapedbectera called as vibrio, generally called as 9 (c) Archaebacteria are a primitive group of bacteria, These bacteria ean survive in extreme habitats such as marshes, hot springs, desers, snow, ee Archacbacteria have unique cell wal structure and ‘composition which is responsible fr their survival in such extreme conditions. Thus, the type offbacteria which corresponds tothe features given is archaebacteia 10 (c) Thermoacidophiles belong to archaebacteria and have dual ability to tolerate high temperature as well as high acidity. They often live in hot sulphur springs where the temperature may be a high as 80°C and pH as low as 2 11 (a) Saline bacteria are called balophils (eg. Halobacterium, Halococeus. tis 3 group that belongs archaebacteria which ean tolerate high salinity and is ‘commonly found in sat rich substrata, 12 (b) The primitive prokaryotes are methanogens. “Methantogens are present inthe gut of several ruin animals such as cows and buffaloes,