🥕 My Lecture Notes on Vitamins,
Minerals, and Diseases
By: [Your Name] (Grade 5)
🌟 What Are Vitamins and Minerals?
Vitamins and minerals are special nutrients called micronutrients. We need them in small
amounts, but they are very important to keep us healthy. If we don’t get enough, we can get
sick.
🍊 Types of Vitamins
Vitamin A
**Helps with:** Good eyesight and healthy skin
**Found in:** Carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach
**Lack of it can cause:** Night blindness
Vitamin B
**Helps with:** Energy and brain function
**Found in:** Eggs, milk, whole grains
**Lack of it can cause:** Tiredness, weak muscles, and beriberi
Vitamin C
**Helps with:** Fighting sickness and healing wounds
**Found in:** Oranges, strawberries, tomatoes
**Lack of it can cause:** Scurvy (bleeding gums and weakness)
Vitamin D
**Helps with:** Strong bones and teeth
**Found in:** Sunlight, fish, fortified milk
**Lack of it can cause:** Rickets (soft bones)
Vitamin E
**Helps with:** Protecting our cells
**Found in:** Nuts, seeds, leafy greens
**Lack of it can cause:** Muscle weakness and vision problems
Vitamin K
**Helps with:** Helps our blood clot
**Found in:** Green leafy vegetables, broccoli, cabbage
**Lack of it can cause:** Bleeding too much from cuts
🧂 Types of Minerals
Calcium
**Helps with:** Strong bones and teeth
**Found in:** Milk, cheese, yogurt
**Lack of it can cause:** Weak bones (osteoporosis)
Iron
**Helps with:** Healthy blood and energy
**Found in:** Meat, spinach, beans
**Lack of it can cause:** Anemia (feeling weak and tired)
Potassium
**Helps with:** Healthy muscles and heart
**Found in:** Bananas, potatoes, oranges
**Lack of it can cause:** Muscle cramps and irregular heartbeat
Iodine
**Helps with:** Healthy thyroid and making hormones
**Found in:** Iodized salt, seafood, dairy products
**Lack of it can cause:** Goiter (swollen neck)
Zinc
**Helps with:** Fighting infections and healing wounds
**Found in:** Meat, nuts, whole grains
**Lack of it can cause:** Slow healing and weak immune system
🍚 Macronutrients and Related Health Problems
Macronutrients are nutrients we need in large amounts. They give us energy and help our
body grow. But not getting enough (or having too much) can also cause health problems.
Carbohydrates
**Helps with:** Gives energy to the body
**Found in:** Rice, bread, pasta, fruits
**Lack of it can cause:** Low energy, dizziness
**Too much can cause:** Weight gain, risk of diabetes
Proteins
**Helps with:** Builds muscles and repairs tissues
**Found in:** Eggs, meat, beans
**Lack of it can cause:** Weak muscles, slow healing
**Too much can cause:** Kidney problems (if too much over time)
Fats
**Helps with:** Stores energy and keeps us warm
**Found in:** Butter, nuts, oils
**Lack of it can cause:** Dry skin, feeling cold
**Too much can cause:** Obesity, heart disease
Water
**Helps with:** Keeps the body hydrated and helps with digestion
**Found in:** Water, fruits like watermelon
**Lack of it can cause:** Dehydration (dry mouth, tiredness)
**Too much can cause:** Rare, but can cause water poisoning
✏️Reminder from Me:
"Too little or too much of something is not good. Eat a balanced diet and stay healthy!"
