EST II – Individual Subject Test

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Subject: World History

Duration: 60 minutes
65 Multiple Choice Questions
Instructions:
- Place your answer on the answer sheet. Mark only one answer for each of the multiple
choice questions.
- Avoid guessing. Your answers should reflect your overall understanding of the subject
matter.
1. How was the Old Kingdom of Egypt brought to an end in 2150 B.C.?
I. Drought
II. Famine
III. War
IV. Colonization
A. I only
B. I and II
C. I, II, III
D. IV
E. III and IV
2. Which of the following was NOT an early form of Semitic language spoken in ancient
Mesopotamia?
A. Arabic
B. Hebrew
C. Aramaic
D. Akkadian
E. Amharic
3. The Kush civilization was influenced by which of the following?
A. Egyptian culture and social structures
B. Mesopotamian agriculture and inventions
C. Chinese medicine and war strategies
D. Bantu migrations and language development
E. Indian technology and manpower
4. Which famous tale is attributed to the Sumerian civilization?
A. Popol Vuh
B. The Odyssey
C. The Epic of Gilgamesh
D. Beowulf
E. The Ramayana
5. Which historical landmark in Turkey was originally constructed as a Byzantine
cathedral in the 6th century, later transformed into a mosque, and is a UNESCO World
Heritage site?
A. Blue Mosque
B. Topkapi Palace
C. Hagia Sophia Mosque
D. Dolmabahce Palace
E. Library of Celsus in Euphesus

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 6. The map above shows the borders of
A. The Byzantine Empire in 1200 C.E.
B. The Egyptian Empire around 1200 B.C.E.
C. The Turkish Empire in 1800 C.E.
D. The Neo-Assyrian Empire around 600 B.C.E
E. Alexander the Great’s Empire around 330 B.C.E.

Questions 7-8 refer to the following image.

7. Gargoyles were key architectural features during the Gothic era in which of the
following countries?
I. Italy
II. Ireland
III. England
IV. Germany
V. France
A. I and II
B. I, II, III
C. I, III, IV
D. I, III, IV, V
E. I, III, V

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 8. What was the primary use of featuring gargoyles in Medieval architecture?
A. Symbolic representation of power and authority
B. Decorative elements to enhance the aesthetic appeal of buildings
C. Protection against evil spirits and supernatural forces
D. Drainage system to divert rainwater away from the building
E. Significance in religious ceremonies and rituals

9. The cartoon above reflects which of the following ideas?

A. The power of the judiciary in shaping public opinion
B. The importance of fair and just court decisions
C. The power of public opinion on the legal system
D. The need for judges to be aware of public opinion
E. The role of political parties in influencing court decisions

Questions 10-11 refer to the following quote.

“Remember that you are an Englishman and have consequently won first prize in the
lottery of life.”
10. This quote was said by which of the following European politicians?
A. Winston Churchill
B. Cecil Rhodes
C. Charles de Gaulle
D. Edvard Beneš
E. Harold Macmillan
11. What is the implied meaning behind the quote?
A. The speaker acknowledges the hardships faced by the English and their
perseverance in overcoming them.
B. The speaker highlights the importance of gratitude and humility in acknowledging
one's privileges.
C. The speaker promotes a sense of patriotism and national pride among the English
population.
D. The speaker emphasizes the belief in the inherent superiority of the English over
other nations.
E. The speaker challenges the notion of social inequality and advocates for equal
opportunities for all.

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12. In ancient China, the culture that would come to dominate the region and shape its
history was born in which geographical area?
A. Yangtze River Valley
B. Indus River Valley
C. Nile River Valley
D. Mekong River Valley
E. Yellow River Valley
13. Which of the following is NOT a prominent aspect of the Yangshao and Longshan
cultures in ancient China?
A. Created a developed writing system
B. Farmed land
C. Created pottery
D. Domesticated animals
E. Defended their territory against invaders

“Knowledge is power.” -Francis Bacon

14. Which concept is exemplified by the quote above?
A. Scientific Revolution
B. Renaissance
C. Enlightenment
D. Industrial Revolution
E. Reformation

"The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched -
they must be felt with the heart."
15. Who is credited with this quote about the intangible nature of beauty?
A. Jane Austen
B. Vincent van Gogh
C. Pablo Picasso
D. Albert Einstein
E. Helen Keller
16. What sets the ancient civilizations of the Americas apart from the ancient civilizations
of Asia, Africa, and Europe?
A. They didn't develop in river valleys.
B. They didn't have advanced architectural techniques.
C. They didn't engage in long-distance trade.
D. They didn't practice organized warfare.
E. They didn't have a hierarchical social structure.

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17. Which of the following represents the correct timeline for the development of
writing systems in human history?
I. Cuneiform
II. Hieroglyphics
III. Phoenician alphabet
IV. Chinese script
V. Mayan hieroglyphs
A. I, II, III, IV, V
B. II, I, III, IV, V
C. III, V, IV, II, I
D. I, V, IV, III, II
E. II, IV, III, I, II
18. Which ancient Mesoamerican civilization is often considered the "mother culture" of
the region and is known for its monumental stone heads?
A. Maya
B. Aztec
C. Olmec
D. Zapotec
E. Toltec
19. Which South American country was ruled by a military junta known as the National
Reorganization Process (Proceso de Reorganización Nacional) from 1976 to 1983?
A. Argentina
B. Chile
C. Colombia
D. Venezuela
E. Uruguay
20. Which of the following was NOT a significant civilization or empire in the Philippines
between 500 CE and 1500 CE?
A. Srivijaya Empire
B. Majapahit Empire
C. Khmer Empire
D. Champa Kingdom
E. Sultanate of Sulu

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21. The image above is an example of which writing system?
A. Ancient Greek Alphabet
B. Mayan Hieroglyphs
C. Chinese Characters
D. Indus Script
E. Egyptian Hieroglyphs
22. What was one of the primary causes that led to the outbreak of war between
Sparta and Athens during the 5th century BCE?
A. Sparta's desire to expand its territory and control over neighboring city-states
B. Athens' economic dominance and imposition of trade sanctions on Sparta
C. Religious conflicts between the Spartan and Athenian pantheons of gods
D. Athens' aggressive colonization efforts in the Mediterranean region
E. Sparta's resentment towards Athens' democratic system of government
23. The Tang Dynasty held sway over parts of all the following countries, EXCEPT
A. Korea
B. Vietnam
C. Indonesia
D. Japan
E. Tibet
24. Which of the following inventions is NOT associated with the Tang Dynasty in
ancient China?
A. Woodblock printing
B. Paper
C. The magnetic compass
D. Porcelain
E. Paper money

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25. Which of the following are Abrahamic religions?
I. Judiasm
II. Toaism
III. Christianity
IV. Islam
V. Druzism
A. I and II
B. II and V
C. I and III
D. I, III, IV
E. I, III, IV, V
26. Which of the following religions does NOT trace its origins to the Indian subcontinent?
A. Hinduism
B. Buddhism
C. Jainism
D. Shintoism
E. Zoroastrianism
27. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic or event associated with Christianity
during the medieval period?
A. The construction of magnificent cathedrals and churches
B. The spread of Christianity through missionary efforts
C. The translation of the Bible into vernacular languages
D. The development of religious orders such as the Franciscans and Dominicans
E. The Council of Nicaea and the formulation of the Nicene Creed
28. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately represent an aspect of
World War I during the 20th century?
A. The war resulted in the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the redrawing of
national boundaries in the Middle East.
B. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 triggered the outbreak of
the war.
C. The use of trench warfare was a prominent feature of the conflict.
D. The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, imposed harsh reparations on Germany.
E. The United States entered the war in 1917 on the side of the Allied Powers.
29. Which of the following was NOT one of the significant effects of World War I?
A. Formation of the League of Nations
B. Redrawing of national boundaries
C. Rise of totalitarian regimes
D. Isolationism within the United States ended
E. Economic recession and inflation

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30. The following are the effects of World War II on China, EXCEPT
A. Emergence of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
B. Japanese occupation and invasion of parts of China
C. Civil war between the Nationalists and Communists
D. Chinese economic boom and industrialization
E. Massacre and atrocities committed during the Nanjing Massacre

"We must seize this opportunity to liberate ourselves from the control of
Western powers and build a strong and independent nation."
31. Which East Asian leader made the following statement regarding World War I?
A. Mao Zedong
B. Sun Yat-sen
C. Ho Chi Minh
D. Kim Il-sung
E. Emperor Hirohito
32. Which European power established a significant presence in West Africa during the
18th century through the establishment of coastal forts and the development of a
lucrative trade in slaves?
A. Portugal
B. France
C. Spain
D. England
E. Netherlands
33. Which African empire reached its peak of power and influence during the 18th century,
encompassing a vast territory across West Africa and becoming a major center of trade,
scholarship, and Islamic culture?
A. Songhai Empire
B. Kingdom of Benin
C. Ashanti Empire
D. Kingdom of Kongo
E. Zulu Kingdom
34. Which North African country gained independence from France in 1956 after a long
struggle for self-determination?
A. Egypt
B. Libya
C. Morocco
D. Algeria
E. Tunisia

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35. The building in this picture is
A. A Roman temple
B. A Spartan prytaneion
C. A Spanish cathedral
D. A British mausoleum
E. A French court
36. Which European philosopher and mathematician is famous for his development of the
theory of gravity and his laws of motion in the 17th century?
A. Rene Descartes
B. Francis Bacon
C. Nicolaus Copernicus
D. Isaac Newton
E. Galileo Galilei
37. Which empire was the dominant power in Southwest Asia during the 18th century
and experienced a period of significant territorial expansion under the rule of
Sultan Ahmed III?
A. Ottoman Empire
B. Safavid Empire
C. Mughal Empire
D. Qajar Dynasty
E. Seljuk Empire
38. Which leader played a pivotal role in the independence movement of India and became
the first Prime Minister of India after its independence?
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Jawaharlal Nehru
C. Subhas Chandra Bose
D. Indira Gandhi
E. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
39. All the following countries in South Asia achieved independence from colonial rule in
the 20th century, EXCEPT
A. India
B. Pakistan
C. Sri Lanka
D. Nepal
E. Bangladesh

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Questions 40-41 refer to the following map. For each question, select the appropriate location
on the map.

40. The site the Ottoman empire did not reach

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
E. V
41. The first land to be claimed by the crusaders
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
E. V
42. Which of the following were some of the main reasons for the Mexican Revolution that
took place between 1910 and 1920?
A. Socioeconomic inequalities and class struggles
B. Cultural exchange with European powers
C. Development of advanced industrial centers
D. Economic boom from foreign investments
E. Initiation of an industrial railroad
43. What was the role of Fidel Castro in Cuban history?
A. He was a renowned artist and poet of revolutionary-themed works.
B. He led the Cuban Revolution and established a communist government.
C. He served as Cuba's first democratically elected president.
D. He negotiated the end of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet
Union.
E. He promoted economic liberalization and free-market reforms in Cuba.

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44. What was the impact of communist rule on China?
A. It brought about agricultural reform and ensured sufficient food for all citizens.
B. It resulted in economic liberalization and free-market reforms.
C. It brought about the Cultural Revolution and significant social upheaval.
D. It led to the expansion of political freedoms and democratic reforms.
E. It resulted in the separation of powers and the decentralization of government.
45. Which of the following is NOT a significant event or aspect of Iraq in the 20th century?
A. The end of the Jalili Governorate over issues related to taxation
B. The rule of Saddam Hussein and the Ba'ath Party
C. The Iran-Iraq War from 1980 to 1988
D. The U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003
E. The formation of the Arab League
46. Which ancient European civilization is known for its engineering marvels, such as
the aqueducts, roads, and public buildings?
A. Ancient Greece
B. Ancient Rome
C. Ancient Aksumite Empire
D. Ancient Germanic tribes
E. Ancient Slavic tribes
47. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ancient Celtic civilization?
A. Strong emphasis on warrior culture
B. Complex social hierarchy
C. Advanced knowledge of astronomy
D. Polytheistic religious beliefs
E. Skill in metalworking and craftsmanship
48. Which of the following African countries was NOT derived from an empire or kingdom
of the same name existing in the 16th century?
A. Ghana
B. Mali
C. Zimbabwe
D. Ethiopia
E. Angola
49. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to South Africa in the 18th century?
A. The Dutch East India Company established a colony at Cape of Good Hope.
B. The Xhosa and Zulu tribes inhabited the region.
C. The British Empire gained control over the Cape Colony.
D. The Boers (Afrikaner settlers) began migrating inland.
E. The African National Congress (ANC) was formed to advocate for black South
Africans.

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50. Which of the following statements is the least accurate about the Middle East?
A. The Middle East is predominantly inhabited by people practicing the Islamic faith.
B. The Middle East is home to significant reserves of oil and natural gas.
C. The Middle East is geographically located at the crossroads of
Europe, Africa, and Asia.
D. The Middle East is characterized by a homogenous cultural and linguistic identity.
E. The Middle East has a complex history of political conflicts and regional tensions.
51. Which of the following accurately describes the motivation of Pope Urban II with
respect to the Crusades?
A. The Crusaders were a way to seek alliances with the Muslim world.
B. The Crusaders were an opportunity to reunite western and eastern Christians under
his leadership.
C. The Crusaders were a way to weaken the power of the Council of Clermont.
D. The Crusaders were motivated by a desire to gain political power in Europe.
E. The Crusaders were primarily a response to the threat of invasion from the Muslim
world.
52. Which of the following ancient civilizations is NOT associated with the development
of a written language?
A. Ancient Egypt
B. Mesopotamia
C. Indus Valley Civilization
D. Olmec Civilization
E. Ancient Greece
53. Which of the following best characterizes the Enlightenment in Europe during the
18th century?
A. A period of religious revival and renewed faith in traditional beliefs
B. A movement advocating for the establishment of absolute monarchies that were
responsive to the needs of society
C. A cultural and intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual
rights
D. A period of political upheaval and revolutionary movements created by tension
between Protestants and Catholics
E. A period of economic expansion and colonization of overseas territories based on a
doctrine of divine rights
54. Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Atlantic slave trade
on West Africa during the 17th and 18th centuries?
A. It led to the economic prosperity and development of West African kingdoms.
B. It resulted in the abolition of slavery and the promotion of human rights across Latin
America.
C. It caused significant population decline and social disruption in West Africa.
D. It facilitated the spread of Christianity and cultural assimilation in West Africa.
E. It led to political stability and the formation of powerful empires in West Africa.

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55. Which of the following regions experienced significant cultural and intellectual
flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age in the 9th to 13th centuries?
A. East Asia
B. Sub-Saharan Africa
C. Southeast Asia
D. Southwest Asia
E. Northern Europe
56. Which of the following global regions did not experience significant European
colonization during the 17th and 18th centuries?
A. Africa
B. Asia
C. Oceania
D. North America
E. South America

57. Which of the following best describes the image of the Tuileries Palace shown above?
A. The palace was completely destroyed by revolutionaries.
B. The palace served as a refuge for the royal family.
C. The palace was rebuilt as a symbol of the revolution.
D. The palace remains primarily intact as a historic site in Paris.
E. The palace was relocated to another city in France.
58. Which of the following did NOT occur in Syria during the 19th century?
A. The rule of the Ottoman Empire over Syria
B. The emergence of nationalist movements and calls for independence
C. The establishment of French control and the mandate period
D. The construction of the Suez Canal
E. The Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule

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59. Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the downfall of the
Mayan civilization?
A. Large-scale military invasions by neighboring civilizations
B. Natural disasters, such as droughts and environmental degradation
C. Internal conflicts and political instability
D. Spread of epidemic diseases and overpopulation
E. Influence of European colonization
60. Which of the following Latin American countries were under Spanish rule in the
17th century?
I. Mexico
II. Brazil
III. Peru
IV. Argentina
V. Chile
A. I and V
B. I, III, IV, V
C. I, II, IV, V
D. II, III, IV, V
E. I, II, III, IV, V

"I disapprove of what you say,

but I will defend to the death your right to say it."
61. The quote above best reflects the thoughts of which of the following philosophers and
to what end?
A. Voltaire, to advocate for freedom of speech and expression
B. Thomas Hobbes, to emphasize man’s lack of an inherent moral compass
C. John Locke, to fight for inherent natural rights
D. Immanuel Kant, to argue that human understanding is what structures our
experiences.
E. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, to bring to light man’s innate good nature
62. Which of the following did NOT occur in Europe during the 1800s?
A. The Industrial Revolution, leading to significant economic and technological
advancements
B. The rise of nationalism and the formation of new nation-states
C. The Napoleonic Wars and the subsequent Congress of Vienna
D. The Renaissance and the revival of classical arts and culture
E. The spread of imperialism, leading to the colonization of Africa and Asia
63. In the 1800s, which of the following accurately describes Thailand (then known as
Siam)?
A. Siam was colonized by European powers, resulting in the loss of its independence.
B. King Rama IV implemented modernization policies and reforms to strengthen the
country.
C. Siam faced minimal external influences and remained isolated from global affairs.
D. Siam experienced a decline in economic growth and stability during this period.
E. The political power in Siam was dominated by feudal lords and aristocrats.

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64. When did the Russian principalities first encounter the Mongols and come under
Mongol rule?
A. 7th century CE
B. 9th century CE
C. 11th century CE
D. 13th century CE
E. 15th century CE
65. What religions gained prominence in India following the decline of Buddhism?
A. Shintoism and Taoism
B. Islam and Sikhism
C. Zoroastrianism and Christianity
D. Judaism and Baha'i Faith
E. Hinduism and Jainism

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