1

CLASS - X ENGLISH NOTES (2025 – 26)

Unit I: A Letter to God

Glossary:

[Link]. Word Meaning / Synonyms Antonym

1 crest top of a hill base
2 harvest crop, yield --
3 downpour heavy shower, rain storm --
4 predicted foreseen, forecast unforeseen
5 draped covered (with cloth) uncovered
6 hailstones Small hard balls of ice that fall from the sky -
like rain. (vadagallu)
7 destroyed damaged, smashed built, sustained
8 locusts insects which fly in big groups --
9 solitary lonely, unsociable, isolated sociable
10 conscience sense of right and wrong, principles --
11 amiable friendly, good-natured unfriendly
12 evident clear, obvious unclear, obscure
13 resolution decision, determination, perseverance indecision
14 obliged thankful, pleased forced
15 contentment satisfaction, gratification, serenity discontent
16 denied rejected, refused agreed
17 wrinkling folding, crinkling smoothing

Key Points:

 A poor farmer named Lencho lives with his family in a solitary house on a hill in a valley.
 He is hopeful for rain to water his crops of ripening corn.
 The rain begins joyfully, and Lencho considers the raindrops as “new coins” (ten and five cent
pieces).
 Suddenly, a hailstorm begins and lasts for an hour.
 The hail completely destroys the crops, trees, and flowers — nothing is left.
 The family is devastated and fears starvation.
 Despite their sadness, they have faith in God to help them in their time of need.
 Lencho writes a letter to God, asking for 100 pesos to re-sow the fields and survive.
 He addresses the envelope “To God” and drops it in the mailbox.
 A postman finds the letter and shows it to the postmaster, who is initially amused but then
moved by Lencho‟s faith.
 The postmaster decides to answer the letter to preserve the man‘s faith.
 He collects donations from his colleagues and contributes himself.
 They manage to collect 70 pesos, not the full 100.
 Lencho receives the letter and money the next Sunday.
 He is not surprised to receive the money but becomes angry when he sees only 70 pesos.
 Believing that God sent the full amount, he thinks the post office employees stole the rest.
 Lencho writes another letter to God, asking not to send money through the post office again and
calls them “a bunch of crooks.”
 2

I. Read the following passage.

The house — the only one in the entire valley — . ……………………………….

‗‗These aren‘t raindrops falling from the sky, they are new coins. The big drops are ten cent
pieces and the little ones are fives.‘‘

Now, answer the following questions.

Q1: Where was Lencho‘s house?

Ans: Lencho‘s house, only one in the entire valley, sat on the crest of a low hill.
Q2: What could one see from the house?
Ans: From this height one could see the river and the field of ripe corn.
Q3: What was the only thing that the earth needed?
Ans: The only thing that the earth needed was a downpour or at least a shower.
Q4: Why did Lencho spend that day looking at the sky towards north-east?
Ans: To know whether there were any signs of rain which he badly needed for his corn
field.
Q5: What was the woman doing?
Ans: The woman was preparing supper.
Q6: What were the boys doing?
Ans: The older boys were working in the field, while the smaller ones were playing near
the house.
Q7: What were seen in the north-east?
Ans: In the north-east huge mountains of clouds were seen approaching.
Q8: How was the air?
Ans: The air was fresh and sweet.
Q9: Why did Lencho go out?
Ans: Lencho went out to have the pleasure of feeling the rain on his body.
Q10: How did Lench compare the rain drops?
Ans: Lencho compared the big rains drop to ten cent pieces and the little ones to fives.

Q11: What did the ripe corn always promise? ( b )

Ans: a) good health b) good harvest c) good rain
Q12: What did Lencho do though out that day? ( a )
Ans: a) saw the sky towards the north-east
b) nothing else
c) looked at the corn field.
Q13: What had Lencho predicted? ( c )
Ans: a) his corn field would give him a good harvest
b) there would be no rain that day
c) there would be some rain that day

Q14: Why did Lencho describe the rain drops as new coins? ( b )
Ans: a) because they are really new coins
b) because the rains drops would fetch him good harvest/money.
c) because he felt like that when the rain drops fell upon his body.

II. Read the following passage.

But in the hearts of all who lived in that solitary house in the middle of the valley,
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 3

put the letter inside and, still troubled, went to town. At the post office, he placed a stamp on
the letter and dropped it into the mailbox.

Now, answer the following questions

Q1: Where did Lencho‘s family live?

Ans: Lencho‘s family lived in a solitary house in the middle of the valley.
Q2: What was the single hope of Lencho‘s family?
Ans: Lencho‘s family hoped to get help from God.
Q3: What was the ‗total loss‘ mentioned in the above passage?
Ans: Lencho‘s corn field was completely destroyed by the hailstorm.
Q4: Pick out the phrase which Lencho used to comfort/console his family.
Ans: ―No one dies of hunger.‖
Q5: Why was Lencho called ‗an ox‘?
Ans: The author called Lencho ―an ox of a man‖ because Lencho worked hard and
tirelessly in his fields.
Q6: Which word in the above passage means ‗an inner sense of right and wrong‘?
Ans: Conscience.
Q7: What did Lencho do the following Sunday?
Ans: The following Sunday Lencho wrote a letter to God, carried it to the town and placed
in the mail.
Q8: What did Lencho write in his letter to God?
Ans: God, ―If you don‘t help me, my family and I will go hungry this year. I need a
hundred pesos in order to sow my field again and to live until the crop comes.‖
Q9: What did Lencho write on the envelope?
Ans: Lencho wrote ‗To God‘ on the envelope.
Q10: Pick out the word from the above text which means ‗single‘ ( a )
Ans: a) solitary b) valley c) conscience
How was Lencho called by the author? ( b )
Q11:
a) a hard working farmer b) an ox c) a tiger in the field
Ans:
Q12: How much money did Lencho ask God for? ( c )
Ans: a) hundred dollars b) hundred crores c) hundred pesos
Q13: What made Lencho to write a letter to God for help? ( a
)
Ans: a) his faith in God b) his innocence c) damaged corn field

III. Read the following passage:

One of the employees, who was a postman and also helped at the post office,
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
in an envelope addressed to Lencho and with it a letter containing only a single word as a
signature: God.

Now, answer the questions

.Q1: Why did the postman show Lencho‘s letter to his boss?
Ans: Because he had never seen such a letter which was addressed ‗to God‘.
Q2: What kind of a man was the postmaster?
Ans: The postmaster was a fat, amiable man.
Q3: Why did the postmaster also break out laughing?
Ans: The postmaster also broke out laughing because he had also never come across such
a letter which was addressed ‗to God‘.
 4

Q4: Why did the postmaster turn serious immediately?

Ans: The postmaster immediately turned serious about the ‗faith of the man‘ who wrote
the letter.
Q5: Why did the postmaster decide to help Lencho/the man?
Ans: The postmaster decided to help Lencho in order not to shake his faith in God.
Q6: What did the postmaster understand when he opened the letter?
Ans: The postmaster understood that he needed money to keep the faith of the man intact.
Q7: How did the postmaster collect money to help Lencho?
Ans: The postmaster himself gave part of his salary, asked money from his employees and
from several friends.
Q8: How much money was the postmaster able to send the farmer?
Ans: The postmaster was able to send the farmer only a little more than half of the amount
the farmer requested.
Q9: What single word did the postmaster write on the envelope as a signature ?
Ans: The postmaster wrote a single word as a signature: God.
Q10: How did the postman feel when he noticed the address on Lencho‘s letter? ( a )
Ans: a) laughed heartily b) shocked c) irritated
Q11: What did the postman wish? ( b )
Ans: a) corn field b) same faith in God c) 100 pesos
Q12: ―The postmaster came up with an idea:‖ Wha was the idea? ( c )
Ans: a) to have the same faith b) to meet Lencho c) to answer the letter
Q13: What more was needed than goodwill, ink and paper to answer the letter? ( a )
Ans: a) money b) good heart c) envelope
Q14: It was ---------------------- for him to gather together the hundred pesos. ( b )
Ans: a) possible b) impossible c) easy
Q15: How can you describe the nature of the postmaster?
Ans: Kind-hearted, helping, sympathetic, good at heart, humanitarian etc.

IV: Read the following passage:

The following Sunday Lencho came a bit earlier than usual to ask if there ……………….
But don‘t send it to me through the mail because the post office employees are a bunch of
crooks. Lencho.‖

Now, answer the following questions

Q1: Why did Lencho come to the post office the following Sunday?
Ans: Lencho came to ask if there was a letter for him.
Q2: What was the postmaster doing when the postman handed the letter to Lencho?
Ans: The postmaster was watching Lencho, experiencing the contentment of a man
who has performed a good deed.
Q3: What was ‗the good deed‘ mentioned in the above passage?
Ans: The postmaster collected some money and sent to Lencho as a help from God.
Q4: Why didn‘t Lencho show even the slightest surprise on seeing the money?
Ans: Because Lencho was confident of getting money from God.
Q5: Why did Lencho become angry when he counted the money?
Ans: Lencho became angry when he counted the money because the money was less than
than he requested.
Q6: What did Lencho conclude when he noticed that he received less money?
Ans: God could not have made a mistake, nor could he have denied Lencho what he had
requested.
 5

Q7: When did he write another letter to God?

Ans: Lencho wrote another letter to God when he realised that he had received less money
than he requested.
Q8: What did Lencho write to God this time?
Ans: Lencho requested the God to send him the remaining thirty pesos and not to send him
through the mail.

Q9; What was the irony in the story?

Ans: Actually the post office employees helped Lencho but he thought that they had stolen
some part of the money which was sent to him by the God.
Q10: Who handed the letter to Lencho? ( a )
Ans: a) the postman b) the postmaster c) the God
Q11: Whom did Lencho find fault with for receiving only seventy pesos? ( b )
Ans: a) the God b) the post office staff c) the postmaster

Unit I: DUST OF SNOW (a poem by Robert Frost)

Read the following poem:

The way a crow

Shook down on me
The dust of snow
From a hemlock tree
Has given my heart
A change of mood
And saved some part
Of a day I had rued.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1. What caused the dust of snow to fall on the speaker?

Ans: The dust of snow fell on the speaker because a crow shook it down from a hemlock
tree.
Q2. How did the speaker feel before the snow fell on them?
Ans: The speaker was in a bad mood and was regretting.
Q3. Which tree is mentioned in the poem, and what significance does it hold?
Ans: The hemlock tree is mentioned in the poem.
Q4. What effect did the falling dust of snow have on the speaker?
Ans: The falling dust of snow changed the speaker‘s mood.
Q5. What does the phrase "saved some part of a day I had rued" mean in the context of the
poem?
Ans: It means that the falling snow helped the speaker recover a part of the day that they
had previously regretted.
Q6: What does the phrase ‗the way a crow‘ represent? ( b )
Ans: a) the direction of the crow moving
b) bad sign that something wrong is going to happen
c) a crow sitting on the branch of a tree
Q7: How was the poet‘s mind changed? ( a )
Ans: a) positively
b) negatively
c) neutrally
 6

Q8: The crow and the hemlock tree are the ------------- mentioned in the poem. ( c )
Ans: a) positive things
b) good things
c) bad things
Q9: Which season is implied in the poem? ( c )
Ans: a) Autumn b) Summer c) Winter

Q10: What does the phrase ‗dust of snow‘ mean by? ( a )

Ans: a) a symbol of natural joy and energy.
b) a symbol of snow in the winter
c) a symbol of dust in the winter

. Unit I: FIRE AND ICE (a poem by Robert Frost)

Read the following poem:

Some say the world will end in fire

Some say in ice.
From what I‘ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favour fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What are the two ways mentioned in the poem that the world might end?
Ans: The world might end in fire or in ice.
Q2: Which element does the poet personally agree with as a cause for the world's end?
Ans: The poet agrees with those who believe that the world will end in fire.
Q3: What emotion does the poet associate with fire?
Ans: The poet associates fire with desire.
Q4: What emotion does the poet associate with ice?
Ans: The poet associates ice with hate.
Q5: Does the poet believe that ice is also capable of causing destruction?
Ans: Yes, the poet believes that ice is also capable of causing destruction.
Q6: How will the world end according to the poet?
Ans: According to the poet the world will end in fire or in ice.
Q7: What do ‗fire‘ and ‗ice‘ stand for?
Ans: ‗Fire‘ stands for greed, lust, conflict and fury. ‗Ice‘ stands for cruelty, rigidity, coldness,
hatred.
Q8: What is the central idea of the poem?
Ans: The central idea of the poem is the forces of desire and hate equally lead to the destruction of
the world.
Q9. What does the poet associate with the element of fire? ( c )
a) Love
b) Hatred
c) Desire
Q10. According to the poet, which element would also be sufficient to cause the end of the world?
a) Fire ( c )
 7

b) Water
c) Ice

(S R Unit I): THE TRIUMPH OF SURGERY

I. Read the following passage:

I was really worried about Tricki this time …………………………….

all the things Mrs Pumphrey hadn‘t mentioned. ―Are you giving him plenty of exercise?‖

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Who is the narrator? ( a )

Ans: a) James Herriot b) Mrs. Pumphrey c) Tricki

Q2: What is the name of the dog? ( c )

Ans: a) Herriot b) James c) Tricki

Q3. Whose dog is it? ( b )

Ans: a) Jemes Herriot‘s b) Mrs Pumphrey‘s. c) veterinary doctor‘s

Q4: Why was the narrator shocked? ( a )

Ans: a) at the appearance of the dog.
b) at the activeness of the dog.
c) at the laziness of the dog.

Q5: What did Mrs. Pumphrey think about the illness of dog? ( b )
Ans: a) diarrhoea b) malnutrition. c) indigestion

Q6: What was the fault with Tricki? ( c )

Ans: a) Tricki was lazy
b) Tricki was generous
c) Tricki was greedy

Q7: What was Mrs. Pumphrey giving her dog to build him up? ( c )
Ans: a) malt, cod-liver oil
b) a bowl of Horlicks
c) both a & b

II. Read the following passage:

At the surgery, the household dogs surged ………………………….

dog knew that if he fell behind the others he was liable to have some competition for
the last part of his meal.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What did [Link] offer Tricki? ( b )

Ans: a) food b) plenty of water c) a warm lose box
 8

Q2: On which day Tricki began to whimper? ( a )

Ans: a) the third day b) the second day c) the end of the second day

Q3: The household dogs ignored Tricki because he was ---------------- ( a )

Ans: a) motionless and weak
b) very fat
c) a rick dog

Q4: Why did Tricki follow the other dogs rolling slightly? ( b )
Ans: a) because it was an uninteresting place
b) because he has surplus fat
c) because he didn‘t like the hospital

Q5: Who slopped the food in the bowls? ( c )

Ans: a) doctor b) Tricki c) Tristan

CREATIVE EXPRESSION:

Model Paper Question: [Link]. 35 (a) Conversation:

A) In the lesson „A Letter to God‟, the postmaster was shocked to see the letter of
Lencho to God, calling him and his staff crooks. He felt disappointed for Lencho‟s blame
even after helping him. He shared his feelings with his friends about the incident.

Postmaster : Hello friend ! Good morning.

Friend : Very good morning my friend. Come..come…please be seated.

Postmaster : Are you busy today?

Friend : No. I am not busy today. What happened? You look upset.

Postmaster: You won‘t believe what happened today. I‘m still in shock.
Friend : What happened? Please tell me.

Postmaster: You remember the farmer, Lencho? The one who wrote a letter to God?
Friend : Yes, the one who needed money after his crops were destroyed, right?

Postmaster: Exactly. We collected money for him from the staff to help him out.
Friend : Yes. I know. That was a kind thing to do. So, what‘s the problem?

Postmaster: Lencho received the money and wrote another letter to God.
Friend : Thanking God….right?

Postmaster: Of course…He thanked God but accused us of stealing some of the money!
He called us crooks!
Friend : What? Called you crooks? That‘s unbelievable! Why?

Postmaster: He suspected us that we might have stolen some part of his money sent
to him by God.
Friend : Oh! He believed in God so strongly and suspected you.

Postmaster: Yes. You are right.

 9

Friend : But still, to blame you all without any proof? That‘s just wrong.

Postmaster: That‘s why I‘m really upset. We were only trying to help.
Friend : I can understand your feelings. But don‘t get upset my friend.
We have to understand his faith in God and ignorance also.

Postmaster: Yes. My friend.

Friend: Don‘t get upset my friend. Have a good day.
Ans:

[Link]. 35 (a): Conversation:

QI: The postman went to his boss laughing heartily and showed him the letter to God. He
had never known the address.

Now, write a possible conversation between the postman and the postmaster.

postman : Good morning sir….(holding a letter and laughing heartily)

postmaster : Very good morning young man. What makes you laugh?

postman : Have you seen this letter and the address on it?
postmaster : Let me see it ..................... Oh! what is this?

postman : Yes sir. This letter is addressed to God.

postmaster : I have never seen such a letter addressed to God.

postman : This man might be an innocent or fool.

postmaster : May be.

postman : Where should I deliver this letter now sir?

postmaster : We can‘t deliver it to anybody. But let us see what is written in the letter.
postman : Yes sir. It is a good idea. (opens and reads the letter)
postmaster : Oh! He is asking money from God. I think he is not an innocent man.

postman : His situation demanded him like that

postmaster : He has complete faith in God. His faith should not be shattered.

postman : What should we do now Sir?

postmaster : Let us collect some money and send it to the farmer.

postman : Sure sir. We will do that.

postmaster : I will give half of my salary. And ask all our staff to contribute some money.

postman : OK Sir. I will ask them.

postmaster : Thank you. Do that quickly.

[Link]. 35 (a) Conversation:

Conversation between James Herriot, the veterinarian, and Mrs. Pumphrey about her
pet dog Trickie's illness and a possible solution to recover from that illness from the
story "A Triumph of Surgery."
 10

( J H = James Herriot and M P = Mrs. Pumphrey)

JH :Hello, Mrs. Pumphrey. How are you today?

MP :Oh, Mr. Herriot, I am so worried about Trickie. He is not well.

J H: :I see. What seems to be the problem with Trickie?

MP : He is very listless and not eating properly. He seems so tired all the time.

JH : That doesn't sound good. Has he been eating a lot of rich food lately?
MP : Yes, I have been giving him plenty of cakes, chocolates, and snacks. I just
want him to be happy.

JH : Mrs. Pumphrey, it sounds like Trickie is suffering from overeating and lack
of exercise. He needs a strict diet and more activity.
MP : Oh dear! What should I do?

JH : I think it would be best if Trickie comes to my surgery for a while. I will take
care of him and put him on a proper diet and exercise routine.
MP : Oh, Mr. Herriot, that sounds serious. But if you think it will help, I trust you.

JH : Don‘t worry, Mrs. Pumphrey. I will make sure Trickie gets the care he needs.
I‘ll return him to you healthy and happy.
MP : Thank you so much, Mr. Herriot. I hope Trickie will be back to his good
health soon.
JH : I‘m sure he will be. Let‘s get started on his recovery.

[Link]. 35 (b): Description / Diary Entry:

Lencho‟s corn field was completely destroyed by the hailstorm. His soul was filled with
sadness. His family might go hungry that year. The only hope of his family was to get help
from God.

Imagine that you are in the place of Lencho and make a diary entry about your feelings.

Date: DD/MM/YYYY
Time: 10.00 PM

Dear diary

Today is extremely unpleasant and very upsetting for me as a farmer. Throughout the
season I have worked hard in my corn field. But when my corn field badly needs a downpour
or at least a shower to get us a good harvest, it is so unfortunate that a severe hailstorm
destroyed the whole corn field. Not even a leaf remained on the trees. All our efforts went in
vain. How can I feed my family this year? Should we all go hungry this year? Who will
help us now? Who can I ask now? The only hope is to ask help from God. If God gives me
a hundred pesos I will sow my field again and we will live until the crop comes. I will write
a letter to God tomorrow. I have faith in God. God will help me.

Good night.
Lencho.
 11

[Link]. 35 (b): Description / Diary Entry:

A severe hailstorm damaged the crops of Lencho. He felt very sad. All his efforts went
in vain. He didn‟t know how to feed his family that year. He decided to write a letter to
God seeking his help.

Now, imagine that you are in the place of Lencho and describe your thoughts

Ans: As I looked over my fields, my heart sank. The hailstorm had come with fury,
damaging the crops I had tended so carefully. The sight was devastating—what was once
green and full of promise was now a sea of battered, broken plants. I felt a deep, gnawing
despair. All the hard work and hope I had put into growing these crops seemed to have been
for nothing. My family relies on this harvest for food, and now it‘s all gone. I couldn‘t help
but think about the coming days and the worry of how we would get by. The storm had taken
everything from us, leaving only ruins behind. I felt a heavy weight on my chest, knowing
that our future was uncertain. In my desperation, I turned to the thought of divine help. I
believed that only a higher power could change our fate now. It was the only glimmer of hope
I had left, as I looked at the empty fields with a mix of sadness and a faint hope for a miracle.
I will write a letter to God to help me out of this crisis.

[Link]. 36 (a) Letter Writing:

The following Sunday Lencho came a bit earlier to check if he had received any
letter. The postman handed the letter to Lencho. Lencho opened the letter and got angry
for not getting only 70 pesos. He wrote another letter to God to send him the remaining 3o
pesos but this time not to send through mail.
Imagine that you are in the place of Lencho. Write a letter to God in the above context.

xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Dear God

This is Lencho again. Thank you very much for blessing me and sending the money
I requested you for. I am happy for my faith in you has come true. But I would like to tell
you what had happened here. I requested you to send me one hundred pesos. You might
have sent them to me. But I found only seventy pesos when I opened the letter. I think these
post office staff might have stolen some part of the money you sent to me.
Hence, I request you to send me the remaining thirty pesos. Otherwise, my family
will go hungry. But please do not send the money through the mail instead send me directly.
I don‘t believe these bunch of crooks.

Thank you very much.

Faithfully yours,
(Lencho)
 12

UNIT II: NELSON MANDELA: LONG WALK TO FREEDOM

Glossary:
[Link]. Word Meaning/Synonyms Antonyms
1 besieged by surrounded closely by
2 dignitaries public figure, celebrities,
3 inauguration swearing in, introduction termination
4 amphitheatre a building without a roof
5 supremacy authority, dominance inferiority
6 confer give retrieve
7 liberty freedom, emancipation suppression
8 disaster misfortune, tragedy
9 privilege honour, pleasure
10 distinguished eminent, famous, well-known
11 emancipation liberation, setting free
12 oppression subjugation, harassment liberty
13 spectacular array an impressive display
14 loyalty faithfulness, reliability disloyalty
15 overwhelmed speechless, make emotional
16 despised had a very low opinion of
17 inhumane cruel, merciless humane
18 patriot lover of one‘s country, nationalist traitor
19 wrought done, achieved
20 profound deep and strong shallow, superficial
21 resilience the ability to deal with any kind of impotency, weakness
hardship, spirit, strength
22 grimmest severest, unkindest, serious pleasantest
23 extinguished ended, turn off, destroyed turn on, lit
24 obligation duty, responsibility option
25 inclination natural tendency of behaviour
26 inevitably unavoidably, necessarily unnecessarily
27 illusion appears to be real but not; fantasy, reality, fact
unreality
28 transitory temporary, not permanent permanent
29 curtailed cut, shortened, reduced complete
30 prejudice a strong dislike without any good impartiality,
reason, partiality, bias tolerance

Key Points:
 Nelson Mandela becomes South Africa‟s first Black President after over three centuries of
white rule.
 The African National Congress (ANC) wins 252 out of 400 seats in the first democratic
elections.
 The inauguration ceremony takes place at the Union Buildings in Pretoria.
 Mandela declares: “Never, never again will this beautiful land experience the oppression of
one by another.”
 People of all races celebrate together, symbolizing unity and a new beginning.
 The day dawns bright and clear with leaders from over 140 countries attending.
 The Union Buildings, once a symbol of white supremacy, now hosts a rainbow gathering for
democracy.
 13

 Mandela is accompanied by his daughter Zenani.

 Mr. de Klerk and Thabo Mbeki are sworn in as deputy presidents before Mandela takes the oath.
 Mandela acknowledges the long suffering and extraordinary human disaster of apartheid.
 He expresses gratitude to international guests and states this is a common victory for justice,
peace, and human dignity.
 He promises to fight against poverty, suffering, and discrimination.
 Famous quote: “Let freedom reign. God bless Africa!”
 A fly-past by South African military aircraft symbolizes military loyalty to democracy.
 Former generals who once would have arrested Mandela now salute him.
 Two national anthems are played: „Nkosi Sikelel‟ iAfrika‟ and „Die Stem‟, representing
reconciliation between races.
 Mandela recalls how, in the early 1900s, white leaders formed a system of racial domination.
 That unjust system lasted decades and is now overturned, replaced by democracy.
 Mandela expresses sorrow that many who fought for freedom did not live to see the day.
 He honors freedom fighters like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Chief Luthuli, Yusuf Dadoo,
Bram Fischer, Robert Sobukwe, etc.
 These leaders emerged from the harsh conditions of apartheid and showed courage and wisdom.
 Mandela believes South Africa‟s greatest wealth is its people, not its mineral riches.
 He learns that courage is not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it.
 Brave people face fear and overcome it.
 Even during harsh imprisonment, Mandela sees humanity in his jailers, which gives him hope.
 Mandela believes no one is born hating others for their race or religion.
 People learn to hate, so they can also learn to love.
 Love comes more naturally to the human heart than hate.
 Mandela explains every person has two duties:
1. To their family
2. To their people and community
 Under apartheid, it was impossible for Black South Africans to fulfill both.
 Mandela chose to serve his people, which caused him to sacrifice his family life.
 As a child, he felt free, unaware of the hidden restrictions imposed by society.
 As he grew older, he realized his freedom was an illusion.
 His hunger for personal freedom transformed into a hunger for the freedom of all his people.
 He joined the ANC and devoted his life to fighting for dignity and equality.
 Mandela believes no one can be truly free while others are oppressed.
 Even the oppressor is a prisoner of hatred and prejudice.
 True freedom comes when everyone is free, regardless of race.

I. Read the following passage

Tenth May dawned bright and clear. For the past few days ……………………….
and hope to newborn liberty. Out of the experience of an extraordinary human disaster that
lasted too long, must be born a society of which all humanity will be proud.

Now, answer the following questions.

Q1: How was the day dawned?

Ans: The day was dawned bright and clear.

Q2: Why was the narrator besieged by?

Ans: The narrator was pleasantly besieged by the dignitaries who wanted to pay respects
before the inauguration.

Q3: Where did the ceremony take place?

 14

Ans: The ceremony took place in the lovely sandstone amphitheater in Pretoria.

Q4: What was described as ‗a rainbow gathering of different colours and nations‘?
Ans: A beautiful coming together of great leaders from different countries like the colours
in a rainbow.

Q5: How was South African‘s government described?

A ns: South African‘s government was described as first democratic and non-racial.

Q6: Who accompanied Nelson Mandela on the day of inauguration?

Ans: Nelson Mandela was accompanied by his daughter Zenani.

Q7: How did Nelson Mandel pledge?

Ans: Mandela pledged to obey and uphold the Constitution and to devote himself to
the wellbeing of their country.

Q8: What was the ceremony mentioned by the speaker? ( b )

Ans: a) Mandela‘s birthday function b) Mandela‘ swearing in ceremony
b) South African‘s independence

Q9: The Union Buildings in Pretoria has been the seat of ------------------ ( c )
Ans: a) African National Congress b) Nelson Mandela
c) white supremacy

Q10: What did Mandela want to confer to the newborn liberty? ( c )

Ans: a) glory b) hope c) glory and hope

Q11: What was the disaster mentioned by Nelson Mandela? ( a )

Ans: a) apartheid b) liberty c) Tsunami

II. Read the following passage:

The policy of apartheid created a deep and lasting wound

…………………………………………………………..courage was not the absence of fear,
but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who
conquers that fear.

Now, answer the following questions.

Q1: What was the policy of apartheid?

Ans: Apartheid is a political system that separates people according to their race.

Q2: How did apartheid effect South Africa?

Ans: The policy of apartheid created a deep and lasting wound in South Africa.

Q3: What does the phrase ‗profound hurt‘ refer to?

Ans: The wound created by the policy of apartheid.

Q4: Name some leaders who fought against apartheid?

Ans: Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Chief Luthuli, Yusuf Dadoo etc.

Q5: What are these leaders known for?

 15

Ans: These leaders are known for their extraordinary courage, wisdom and generosity.

Q6: How did Mandela learn the meaning of courage?

Ans: Mandela learned the meaning of courage from comrades in the struggle.

Q7: How did Nelson Mandela define courage?

Ans: Courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it.

Q8: What is South Africa‘s greatest wealth? ( b )

Ans: a) minerals b) gems c) people

Q9: Pick out the word from the passage which means ‗the ability to deal
with any kind of hardship‘. ( a )
Ans: a) resilience b) triumph c) conquer

Q10: How do we call those people who conquer the fear? ( c )_

Ans: a) leaders b) kind-hearted c) brave men

III. Read the following passage:

In life, every man has twin obligations — obligations to his family,

……………………………………………….but in attempting to serve my people, I found
that I was prevented from fulfilling my obligations as a son, a brother, a father and a
husband.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What does every man have in life?

Ans: Every man has twin obligations in life.

Q2: What are the twin obligations according to the speaker?

Ans: Obligation to his family, to his parents, to his wife and children. Obligation to his
people, his community and his country.

Q3: In what kind of society can one fulfill one‘s obligations?

Ans: In a civil and humane society one can fulfill those obligations.

Q4: What was impossible in a country like South Africa?

Ans: It was almost impossible to fulfill one‘s obligations in a country like South Africa.

Q5: Who was to be punished in South Africa?

Ans: A man of colour who attempted to live as a human being was punished and isolated.

Q6: What kind of people is forced to live a life apart?

Ans: People who tried to fulfill their duty to their people were forced to live a life apart.

Q7: What did Nelson Mandela notice when attempting to serve his people?
Ans: Nelson Mandela noticed that he was prevented from fulfilling his obligations as
a son, a brother, a father and a husband.

Q8: Pick out the word which means ‗period between night and sunset/sunrise. ( a )
Ans: a) twilight b) existence c) obligation
 16

Q9: Nelson Mandela chose his ----------------------- in the beginning. ( b )

Ans: a) people b) family c) community

Unit II: A TIGER IN THE ZOO (POEM)

Reading Comprehension Exercise I:

He stalks in his vivid stripes

The few steps of his cage,
………………………
Near the water hole
Where plump deer pass.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1. Where is the tiger described as walking in the poem?

Ans: The tiger is walking inside his cage.

Q2. What kind of steps does the tiger take inside the cage?
Ans: The tiger takes a few quiet steps on velvet-like pads.

Q3: How is the tiger's anger described in the poem?

Ans: The tiger's anger is described as a quiet rage.

Q4: Where does the poem suggest the tiger should ideally be?
Ans: The poem suggests the tiger should be lurking in the shadows and sliding through
long grass.

Q5: What animal is mentioned as being near the water hole in the poem?
Ans: The poem mentions a plump deer passing near the water hole.

Q6: Where is the tiger according to the first stanza? (b )

Ans: a) in the forest b) in a cage c) near the water hole

Q7: What does the phrase ‗the few steps‘ refer to? ( a )
Ans: a) small place in the cage
b) small place in the forest
c) small place near the grass

Q8: How were tiger‘s paws? ( c )

Ans: a) strong and powerful b) with long nails c) soft like velvet

Q9: How does the tiger feel in the cage? ( c )

Ans: a) happy b) unhappy c) silent and angry

Q10: Why is the tiger in the cage angry? ( a )

Ans: a) because it doesn‘t like to be in the cage.
 17

b) because it likes to be in the cage.

c) because it doesn‘t like to be in the forest.

Q11: Where are tigers found in general? ( c )

Ans: a) in shadowy places, near long grass
b) near water bodies in the jungle
c) both a & b
Q12: What is the natural habitat of a tiger? ( b )
Ans: a) cage b) jungle c) village

Q13. What does the tiger have on his body? ( a )

Ans: a) vivid stripes b) velvet paws c) dark skin

Q14: Why do tigers wait near long grass and near water bodies? ( c )
Ans: a) to take rest b) for more oxygen c) for their prey

Q15: Who passes near water hole as mentioned in the poem?

Ans: a) tiger b) elephant c) deer ( c )

Reading Comprehension Exercise II:

He should be snarling around houses

At the jungle‘s edge,
………………………………….
And stares with his brilliant eyes
At the brilliant stars

Now, answer the following questions.

Q1: Where does the poem suggest the tiger should be snarling?
Ans: The poem suggests the tiger should be snarling around houses at the jungle's edge.

Q2: What is the tiger described as doing to the village?

Ans: The tiger is described as terrorizing the village.

Q3: Where is the tiger actually kept, according to the poem?

Ans: The tiger is kept in a concrete cell, behind bars.

Q4: What does the tiger do when people visit him?

Ans: The tiger ignores the visitors.

Q5: What does the tiger stare at during the night?

Ans: The tiger stares at the brilliant stars with his brilliant eyes.

Q6: How do tigers terrorize the village?

Ans: a) by roaring ( c )
b) by showing his white fangs and claws
c) both a & b

Q7: How does the caged tiger react to the visitors?

( a )
Ans: a) ignores b) roars at them c) attacks
 18

Q8: What sound does the tiger hear at night? ( b )

Ans: a) roaring of other tigers
b) patrolling cars at night
c) whistles of patrolling staff

Q9: Where was the tiger locked? ( b )

Ans: a) in the jungle b) in a concrete cell c) near a water body

Q10: How do the eyes of the tiger look? ( a )

Ans: a) brilliant b) angry c) cruel

Q11: What does the caged tiger look at night with his brilliant eyes? ( c )
Ans: a) cage b) patrolling cars c) brilliant stars

(S R – Unit II)--THE THIEF‟S STORY

I. Read the following passage:

He took me to his room over the Jumna Sweet Shop and told me
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
I think he knew I made a little money this way but he did not seem to mind.

Now, answer the following questions

Q1: Where did Anil take Hari Singh? ( a )

Ans: a) to his room
b) to the balcony
c) to the sweet shop
Q2: The narrator understood that his cooking was terrible when ---------- ( c )
Ans: a) Anil ate the meal interestingly
b) Anil told him to continue cooking
c) Anil gave it to a stray dog.

Q3: What did Anil teach Hari Singh? ( c )

Ans: a) writing his name b) cooking c) both a & b

Q4: Hari Singh was grateful to Anil because---------------------- ( a )

Ans: a) he made him educated
b) he made him a thief
c) he made him an illiterate man

Q5: How did Hari Singh feel working for Anil? ( b )

Ans: a) boring b) quite pleasant c) tiresome

II. Read the following passage:

Anil was asleep. A beam of moonlight stepped over the balcony and
fell…………………………. — and I lost the chance to get away.
 19

Now, answer the questions:

Q1: Where did the moonlight fall? ( a )

Ans: a) on the bed b) on the balcony c) on the house

Q2: What was the speaker trying to do? ( c )

Ans: a) help Anil b) kill Anil c) steal Anil‘s money

Q3: What was Anil doing? ( b )

Ans: a) observing Hari b) sleeping peacefully c) dreaming

Q4: How was Anil‘s face? ( a )

Ans: a) clear and unlined b) red with anger c) serious with thought

Q5: Why was the narrator searching for under mattress? ( b )

Ans: a) for the keys b) for the money c) for a knife

Q6: When did the narrator quickly move out of the room? ( c )
Ans: a) when Anil woke up
b) when Anil noticed him stealing his money
c) when he theft Anil‘s money.

Q7: Where did he go with the money he stole? ( a )

Ans: a) to the railway station b) to the bus stand c) to his village
Q8: How was the narrator‘s face? ( a )
Ans: a) full of scars b) peaceful c) unlined

Q9: How much money did the narrator steal from Anil? ( b )
Ans: a) 600 rupees b) 600 dollars c) 6000 rupees

Q10: Did the narrator catch the train/Lucknow Express? ( c )

Ans: No. The narrator couldn‘t catch the train.

CREATIVE EXPRESSION:

[Link]. 35 (a)

Conversation: Write an imaginary conversation between a News Reporter and

Nelson Mandela on the day of his oath taking ceremony.

NR : Good morning respected Sir.

NM : Very good morning sir. Please be seated

NR : Please accept my heartiest congratulations for winning the elections.

NM : Thank you very much sir.

NR : How do you feel about your win?

NM : Democracy wins against apartheid

NR : When did you feel/notice that you have no freedom.

NM : When I was a young man I understood that my childhood freedom was an illusion.

NR : When did you decide to fight for your country?

 20

NM : When I saw my brothers and sisters were also not free like me, I decided to fight.

NR : Who inspired you in this endeavour?

NM : Our previous leaders like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu etc.

NR : Do you want to take revenge on the oppressor?

NM : No. All the people will have same rights and freedom regardless of the colour of
their skin.

NR : What is your message to your people?

NM : The dark days have come to an end. Let us all live with hope for a colourful future.

NR : Thank you for sparing me your valuable time Sir.

NM : Welcome.

[Link]. 35 (a) Conversation:

Conversation between Anil and Hari Singh during their first meeting from the story
"The Thief's Story."

( A = Anil HS = Hari Singh)

H S : Hello there! Are you looking for someone to help you?

Anil: : Hello! Yes, I need someone to help me with my work. What can you do?

H S : I can cook and do household chores. I can also run errands for you.
Anil: : Can you really cook? What dishes can you make?

H S : I can make tea and some basic dishes. I can learn more if you teach me.
Anil: : Hmm, alright. I could use some help. But I can‘t pay you much right now.

H S : That‘s okay. I just need a place to stay and food to eat.

Anil: : Alright, you can stay with me. We‘ll see how it works. What‘s your name?

H S : My name is Hari Singh.

Anil: : Nice to meet you, Hari Singh. I‘m Anil. Let‘s get started.

HS : Thank you, Anil. I will do my best to help you.

[Link]. 35 (b): Description / Diary Entry:

At one point of time Nelson Mandela understood that not only he but also the
people of SA had no freedom. So he decided to fight for the people.
Imagine that you are in the place of Nelson Mandela and attempt a diary entry about your
feelings.

Dt. 26-7-2025
10 PM

Dear diary,

I have been observing the world around me for the past few months and now I have
 21

understood that we have no liberty. We, the dark-skinned people, are not free to do whatever
we like. We are in chains. We have to follow the merciless rules laid by the white people.
Our people are being ill-treated, badly humiliated. They are not allowed to live a happy life
in their own country. This is so unfair. In what way we are inferiors to anybody? Why
shouldn‘t we live with liberty? This cruel apartheid policy should be changed. All the people
of South Africa should have equal rights and freedom. I will fight for my people‘s liberty
from now.

Good night.
Nelson Mandela

[Link]. 36 (a): Letter Writing:

Q2: You happened to witness the swearing ceremony of Nelson Mandela. Write a letter
to your friend who is living in India about the inauguration ceremony.

Pretoria
Dt.

My dear friend

I am doing well here and I hope the same with you. How are you studying? I would
like to narrate a historical event that I witnessed here. Yesterday I attended Nelson Mandela‘s
swearing in ceremony. It was celebrated at Union Building in Pretoria. I should say it was a
rainbow gathering of leaders all over the world. South Africans were overwhelmed with joy
because they have their first democratic, non-racial government.

It was spectacular to watch the formation of jets and helicopters spreading the colours
of South African flag. All the generals salute Nelson Mandela showing their loyalty to
democracy. People sang their two national anthems. Nelson Mandela assured the people that
they will have equal rights and freedom irrespective of the colour of their skin. I was so
fortunate to witness the occasion.

Convey my regards to your family members.

Yours lovingly

xxxxxxxxxxxx

To

xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxx
India.

Q 36 (B): Script for Speech: (Textual based / General)

“True liberty is freedom from poverty, deprivation and all forms of discrimination”. Based
 22

on the topic, prepare a script for speech using the following the hints / clues given below.

• Causes of poverty and means to overcome it.

• Discrimination based on Gender, religion, class etc.
• Constitutionally guaranteed human rights.

Q1: Script for speech of the causes of poverty and means of overcoming it.

Ans: Good morning every one.

Today, I am going to talk about the causes of poverty and how we can overcome it in
India. Poverty in India is a major issue. One cause is the lack of education. Many people
cannot afford school, so they miss out on learning skills that can help them find good jobs.
Another cause is unemployment. Without jobs, people have no income to support their
families. Also, the population is very large, which makes it hard for everyone to get resources
like food, water, and healthcare.
To overcome poverty, we need to focus on education. If more children can go to
school, they will have better opportunities in the future. The government can help by
providing free or affordable education to everyone. Creating more jobs is also important. I
In conclusion, by improving education, creating jobs, and providing healthcare, we
can work towards overcoming poverty in India. Let‘s all do our part to help make this change
happen!
Thank you!

Q2: Script for speech on “discrimination based on gender, religion, class etc.”

Ans:

Hello everyone,

Today, I want to talk about discrimination and why it is important to treat everyone
equally. Discrimination means treating someone unfairly because of who they are. This can
be based on gender, religion, class, or other differences. For example, some people might
think that boys are better than girls at certain things. This is called gender discrimination.
Similarly, treating someone differently because of their religion or the amount of money they
have is also discrimination.
Discrimination is harmful because it creates inequality. When people are treated
unfairly, they may not have the same opportunities to succeed. This can lead to feelings of
anger, sadness, and injustice.
In conclusion, let's work together to create a world where everyone is treated equally,
regardless of gender, religion, class, or any other difference.

Thank you!

Q3: Script for speech on “constitutionally guaranteed human rights.

Ans:

Good morning, everyone!

Today, I am going to talk about the human rights guaranteed by the Indian
 23

Constitution.
The Constitution of India provides all Indian citizens with certain fundamental rights
which protect us and ensure we are treated fairly.
One of the most important rights is the Right to Equality. It means that everyone is
equal before the law, and there should be no discrimination based on religion, race, caste,
gender, or place of birth.
Next is the Right to Freedom, which includes freedom of speech and expression.
This allows us to express our thoughts and ideas freely. It also includes the freedom to
assemble peacefully, form associations, and move freely throughout India.
The Right to Education ensures that all children aged 6 to 14 have access to free and
compulsory education. Education helps us grow and make informed decisions.
We also have the Right to Religion, which means we can practice any religion of our choice
or not follow any religion at all.
These rights help us live freely and securely. It's important to know our rights so that
we can protect them and ensure they are respected.

Thank you!

UNIT III: TWO STORIES ABOUT FLYING:

I. HIS FIRST FLIGHT II. The Black Aeroplane

Glossary:

[Link]. Word Meaning / Synonyms Antonyms

1 ledge a narrow horizontal shelf, cliff depression
2 expanse area, spread
3 muster gather disperse
4 shrilly harshly soothingly
5 upbraiding scolding praising
6 skim to move slightly just above a
surface
7 blazing heated, furious
8 pretend make-believe real
9 thrust push, stretch --
10 derisively sarcastically, scornfully admiringly
11 whet to sharpen
12 monstrous huge, enormous small
13 seized held, grabbed released
14 headlong reckless, headfirst --
15 soaring flying
16 gradually steadily, slowly suddenly
17 dizzy an uncomfortable feeling
18 curveting leaping like a horse
19 amused pleased, entertained annoyed
20 exhausted tired, drained refreshed
21 countryside rural area town
22 storm cyclone, tempest
23 enough sufficient, plenty insufficient
24 twisted coiled, wound straight
25 obedient submissive, respectful disobedient
 24

26 strange out of the ordinary, odd unfamiliar

27 empty unfilled, vacant full
28 arrive reach depart
29 glad happy unhappy, sad
30 float hover, soar sink, drop

Key Points:

 The young seagull is alone on his ledge.

 His brothers and sister had already flown the previous day.
 He is afraid to fly, convinced that his wings won't support him.
 Though his siblings have shorter wings, they flew confidently.
 He feels terrified looking at the deep sea below and runs back into a hole under the ledge.
 His parents try to encourage him, even threaten to let him starve if he doesn‟t fly.
 Despite their calls and scolding, he remains paralyzed by fear.
 For 24 hours, no one comes near him.
 He watches helplessly as his family teaches his siblings to fly and catch fish.
 They mock his cowardice from the opposite cliff.

 The sun blazes on his ledge, and he feels the pain of hunger.
 He sees his mother eating fish and gets desperate.
 He cries to her begging for food, and she finally flies towards him with a piece of fish.

 When his mother halts mid-air, just out of reach, hunger drives him to leap.
 He dives for the food and falls off the ledge.
 In a moment of terror, he feels like he‘s going to die.

 As he falls, his wings spread out instinctively.

 He feels the air under his wings and starts soaring.
 He flaps his wings and learns to fly, slowly losing his fear.

 He begins to soar, dive, curve, and enjoy flying like his family.
 He sees the vast sea below, amused and proud.

 His family lands on the sea and calls him to join.

 He tries to land, but his legs sink, and he panics again.
 But he realizes he is floating — supported by the water.
 Exhausted and hungry, he is fed by his family as they praise him.

 The young seagull has overcome his fear.

 He has made his first flight, a significant moment of growth and independence.

Unit III: Part -I. His First Flight

I. Read the following passage:

The young seagull was alone on his ledge. His two brothers ………………………
come around calling to him shrilly, upbraiding him, threatening to let him starve on his ledge
unless he flew away. But for the life of him he could not move.

Now, answer the following questions.

Q1: Where was the young seagull?

 25

Ans: The young seagull was on his ledge.

Q2: Why was the seagull alone on his ledge?

Ans: Because his two brothers and his sister had flown away the day before.

Q3: What did the young seagull attempt?

Ans: The young seagull attempted to flap his wings to fly.

Q4: How did he feel when he tried to fly?

Ans: He became afraid.

Q5: What did the young seagull feel certain about flying such a long distance?
Ans: He felt certain that his wings would support to fly such a long distance.

Q6: What did he do when he felt that his wings would never support?
Ans: He bent his head and ran away back to the little hole under the ledge where he
slept at night.

Q7: What did his brothers and his sister do?

Ans: They ran to the brink, flapped their wings and flew away.

Q8: What did the young seagull fail to do?

Ans: The young seagull failed to muster up courage to take that plunge.

Q9: How did his father and mother treat?

Ans: They had come around calling his shrilly and scolding him, threatening to let him
starve unless he flew away.

Q10: Why couldn‘t the young seagull move in spite of his parents scolding and
threatening?
Ans: For the life of him he couldn‘t move.

IIQ11: Pick out the word from the passage which means ‗ a narrow horizontal shell
projecting from a wall or a cliff‘. ( a )
Ans: a) ledge b) expanse c)brink

Q12: How were the wings of his brothers and sister? ( c )

Ans: a) stronger b) longer c) far shorter

Q13: Which appeared so desperate to the young seagull? ( b )

Ans: a) to muster up confidence
b) to take that plunge c) to see his brothers and sister fly easily

Q14: Why did his parents scold him? ( b )

Ans: a) for sleeping in the little hole under the ledge.
b) for not flying like his brothers and sister.
c) for having stronger wings.

Q15: Which of the following statement is true? ( a )

Ans: a) The young seagull is not confident of flying.
b) The young seagull is confident of flying.
c) His brothers and sister are also not confident of flying.
 26

II. Read the following passage:

―Ga, ga, ga,‖ he cried begging her to bring him some food.
…………………………………………………………….He was not falling headlong now.
He was soaring gradually downwards and outwards. He was no longer afraid. He just felt a bit
dizzy.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Why did the young seagull cry?

Ans: The young seagull cried begging her to bring him some food.

Q2: How did his mother scream back to him?

Ans: His mother scream back to him derisively.

Q3: Why did he utter a joyful cry?

Ans: He uttered a joyful cry because his mother picked up a piece of the fish and was
flying across to him with it.

Q4: The young seagull was eagerly waiting for food. Which sentence in the above
text shows this?
Ans: ―He leaned out eagerly, tapping the rock with his feet, trying to get nearer to her
as she flew across.‖

Q5: Did his mother bring food really to give him?

Ans: No. His mother wanted to make the seagull fly on his own.

Q6: What did his mother do with a piece of fish in hear beak?
Ans: His mother halted within reach of his beak.

Q7: Why was he maddened by hunger?

Ans: He was maddened by hunger because the food was within his reach but could not eat
it.

Q8: What did he do with his hunger?

Ans: He dived at the fish.

Q9: What happened when he dived at the fish?

Ans: With a loud scream he fell outwards and downwards into space.

Q10: How did he feel he fell into the space?

Ans: A monstrous terror seized him and his heart stood still.

Q11: How long did his feeling of terror last?

Ans: His feeling of terror lasted only a minute.

Q12: What did he feel the next moment?

Ans: The next moment he felt his wings spread outwards.

Q13: How could he feel the air?

Ans: He could feel the tips of his wings cutting through the air.
 27

Q14: Who did he ask for food? ( b )

Ans: a) his father b) his mother c) his brothers

Q15: How did the seagull feel when he noticed that his mother halted within reach of his
beak? ( a )
Ans: a) He was surprised for a moment
b) He felt very happy
c) His hunger was quenched

Q16: He dived at the fish. His dive was -------------------------- ( b )

Ans: a) intentional c) unintentional c) conscious

Q17: Which of the following statement is true? ( c )

Ans; a) He is soaring headlong.
b) He is soaring down
c) He is soaring downwards and outwards.

Unit III: Part -II. The Black Aeroplane:

Key Points:

 The narrator is flying his old Dakota aeroplane (DS 088) alone at night.
 The sky is clear, stars are shining, and the moon is rising.
 He is flying over France to England, dreaming of his holiday and breakfast with his family.
 The time is 1:30 a.m.

 He sees the lights of Paris and contacts Paris Control via radio.
 He is instructed to turn 12 degrees west toward England.
 He switches to his last fuel tank and confidently continues his journey.

 Suddenly, he sees massive black storm clouds ahead, like dark mountains.
 He realizes he cannot fly over or around the storm due to low fuel.
 Although he considers turning back, he decides to take the risk and flies into the storm.

 Inside the storm, everything turns black and visibility is lost.

 His compass spins wildly, and other instruments fail.
 His radio also stops working — he is completely lost in the storm.

 Suddenly, he sees another aeroplane near him in the storm.

 The black plane has no lights, but he sees the pilot‟s face.
 The pilot gestures to follow him, and the narrator obediently follows.

 For about half an hour, he follows the black aeroplane through the storm.
 The Dakota‘s fuel is nearly empty (5 to 10 minutes left).
 Just in time, the strange plane starts to descend, and the narrator follows.
 He comes out of the clouds and sees an airport runway with lights — he is safe!

 After landing, he looks for the black aeroplane, but it has vanished.
 He asks the control tower about the other plane.
 The woman at the center says no other aircraft was flying in the storm and only his was seen on
radar.

 The narrator is bewildered — who was the pilot of the black aeroplane?
 How did he help him without lights, radio, or radar visibility?
 28

 The story ends with a mystery, suggesting a supernatural or miraculous presence.

III. Read the following passage:

‗I should call Paris Control soon,‘ I thought.

…………………………………………………..me across the sky. I knew I could not
fly up and over them, and I did not have enough fuel to fly around them to the north
or south.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What did the narrator think?

Ans: The narrator thought that he should call Paris control center soon.

Q2: What did the narrator see when he looked down past the nose of the aeroplane?
Ans: The narrator saw the lights of a big city in front of him.

Q3: Who did the narrator call with his radio?

Ans: The narrator called Paris control center.

Q4: How did the Paris control center instruct the narrator?
Ans: The Paris Control instructed the narrator that he ought to turn twelve degrees west
then.

Q5: When did the narrator see the clouds?

Ans: When Paris was about 150 kms behind him he saw the clouds .

Q6: How were the clouds look like?

Ans: The clouds looked like black mountains standing in front of the narrator across the sky.
Q7: ―I‘ll take the risk‘. What is the risk according to the narrator?
Ans: Here the risk is flying his Dakota through the big black storm clouds.

Q8: Where was the narrator going to? ( a )

Ans: a) to England b) to Parish c) into the storm

Q9: Which aeroplane did the narrator flying? ( c )

Ans: a) Dakota DS 880 b) Dakota DS 808 c) Dakota DS 088

Q10: At what time did the narrator think of reaching England? ( b )

Ans: a) lunch time b) breakfast time c) dinner time

Q11: Why couldn‘t the narrator fly around the storm clouds to the north or south? ( c )
Ans: a) because it was very dangerous b) because his aeroplane was not strong enough
c) because the fuel was not enough

Q12: Which of the following statement is true. ( a )

Ans: a) he wanted to have that big English breakfast
b) he wanted to meet his friends
c) he couldn‘t go back to Paris.
 29

IV. Read the following questions:

After half an hour the strange black aeroplane was still there
……………………………………………………………………………………….
Who was the pilot on the strange black aeroplane, flying in the storm, without lights?

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: How long did the narrator travel with the help of the black aeroplane?
Ans: The narrator travelled with the help of the black aeroplane more than half an hour.

Q2: How much fuel was there in the Dakota‘s last tank?
Ans: There was only enough fuel in the old Dakota‘s last tank to fly for five or ten
minutes more.

Q3: What did the narrator see suddenly?

Ans: The narrator suddenly came out of the clouds and saw two long straight lines in front
of him.

Q4: What did the narrator do first when he landed safely?

Ans: The narrator looked for his friend in the black aeroplane.

Q5: Why did the narrator go to the control center immediately after landing?
Ans: Because the narrator wanted to thank the pilot in the black aeroplane.

Q6: Why did the woman in the control center look at the narrator strangely?
Ans: Because the narrator enquired about the pilot and the black aeroplane in that severe
storm.

Q7: How did the narrator feel at the end?

Ans: The narrator felt happy but his mind was full of questions like ‗who is the pilot?‘,
‗who helped me to reach safely without a radar and radio?‘, ‗where is the black
aeroplane?‘ etc.

Q8: ―But then he started to go down…..‖ Who does ‗he‘ refer to? ( b )
Ans: a) the narrator b) the pilot of the black aeroplane c) the cloud

Q9: What were the two long straight lines mentioned in the above text? ( a )
Ans: a) the runway of England airport b) the runway of Paris airport
c) the runway of another airport

Q10: How many aeroplanes were seen on the radar in the control centre?( c )
Ans: a) the narrator‘s and the black aeroplane
b) only the black aeroplane c) only the narrator‘s aeroplane.

Q11: Identify the true statement. ( c )

Ans: a) The narrator was sorry to walk away from the Dakota near the control tower.
b) The narrator was excited to walk away from the Dakota near the control tower.
c) The narrator was not sorry to walk away from the Dakota near the control tower.
 30

Unit III: HOW TO TELL WILD ANIMALS (Poem)

I. Read the following stanza

If ever you should go by chance

To jungles in the east;
And if there should to you advance
A large and tawny beast,
If he roars at you as you‘re dyin‘
You‘ll know it is the Asian Lion...

Now, answer the following questions

Q1: Where does the poem suggest you might encounter a large and tawny beast?
Ans: You might encounter the beast in the jungles of the east.

Q2: What type of animal is described in the poem?

Ans: The poem describes an Asian Lion.

Q3: How does the poem indicate you can recognize the Asian Lion?
Ans: You can recognize the Asian Lion by its roar, especially if it roars as you are dying.

Q4: What is the likely reaction of the beast if you encounter it in the jungle?
Ans: The beast, the Asian Lion, is likely to roar at you.

Q5: Which animal is mentioned in the above stanza? ( a )

Ans: a) Asian Lion b) African Lion c) Tiger

Q6: How is the Asian Lion described? ( b )

Ans: a) large and funny b) large and tawny c) huge and cruel

Q7: Where can the Asian Lion be seen? ( a )

Ans: a) jungles in the East b) all over the world c) only in the zoo

Q8: What happens when a lion roars at you? ( c )

Ans: a) you feel afraid to see the lion.
b) you feel like running away.
c) you feel like dying out of fear.

II. Read the following stanza

Or if some time when roaming round,

A noble wild beast greets you,
With black stripes on a yellow ground,
Just notice if he eats you.
This simple rule may help you learn
The Bengal Tiger to discern.

Now, answer the following questions

Q1: What kind of wild beast is described in the poem?

Ans: The poem describes the Bengal Tiger.
 31

Q2: How can you identify the Bengal Tiger according to the poem?
Ans: You can identify the Bengal Tiger by its black stripes on a yellow ground.

Q3: What does the poem suggest might happen if you encounter the Bengal Tiger?
Ans: The poem suggests that the Bengal Tiger might eat you.

Q4: How has the Bengal Tiger been described? ( c )

Ans: a) noble wild beast
b) with black stripes on a yellow ground
c) both a & b

Q5: Which word in the above stanza means ‗recognize or find out‘? ( a )
Ans: a) discern b) roaming c) noble

III. Read the following stanza

If when you‘re walking round your yard

You meet a creature there,
…………………..I guess He‘ll
give you just one more caress.

Now, answer the following questions

Q1: What kind of creature might you meet in your yard according to the poem?
Ans: You might meet a bear in your yard.

Q2: How does the poem suggest you can recognize a bear?
Ans: You can recognize a bear by the fact that it hugs you very, very hard.

Q3: What will the bear do if you have any doubts about its identity?
Ans: If you have any doubts, the bear will give you one more caress (hug).

Q4: What will the bear do when he sees you? ( c )

Ans; a) gives you his food b) run away from you c) hugs you very hard

Q5: Why does the bear hug you? ( a )

Ans: a) in order to kill you b) because it likes you c) they are friendly in nature

Unit III: THE BALL (Poem)

I. Read the following poem

What is the boy now, who has lost his ball,

What, what is he to do? I saw it go
……………………………………...
now many days, how to stand up.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What has the boy lost in the poem?

Ans: The boy has lost his ball.
 32

Q2: Where does the boy‘s ball go after bouncing down the street?
Ans: The ball goes into the water.

Q3: How does the boy react to losing his ball?

Ans: The boy is filled with grief and stands rigid, trembling, and staring.

Q4: Why does the speaker say that buying a new ball is worthless?
Ans: The speaker says it‘s worthless because the boy is learning a deeper lesson about loss.
Q5: What important lesson is the boy learning from losing his ball?
Ans: The boy is learning about responsibility and how to cope with loss.

Q6: In the above poem the ball is a symbol of……………………. ( b )

Ans: a) the boy‘s nature b) boy‘s childhood c) playing with toys

Q7: What happened to the boy‘s ball according to stanza I. ( a )

Ans: a) it fell into the water b) it was stolen c) broken into pieces

Q8: ‗Balls, balls will be lost always, little boy.‘ ( a )

What does the poet with to convey in this line?
Ans: a) loss of things is a fact of life.
b) loss of balls is a fact of life
c) loss of balls is common for all the children.

Q9: What should we learn from ‗the ball‘ poem? ( c )

Ans: a) we should be careful when we are playing with balls
b) we should not feel bad about the loss of balls.
c) gain and loss are the two sides of the same coin.

S R Unit III: THE MIDNIGHT VISITOR

I. Read the following passage:

Ausable did not fit any description of a secret agent Fowler had ever
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
unlocked the door of his room and stood aside to let his frustrated guest enter.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Who is a secret agent? ( a )

Ans: a) Ausable b) Fowler c) None of the above

Q2: Where did Ausable bring his American accent from? ( c )

Ans: a) Paris b) Germany c) Boston
Q3: Where did the story take place? ( b )
Ans: a) Germany b) France c) America

Q4: Who was the ‗frustrated guest‘ mentioned above? ( a )

Ans: a) Fowler b) Ausable c) a policeman

II. Read the following passage:

The little spy smiled evilly. ―And we wish we knew how your people got the
 33

……………………………………………………………………………………….
knocking at the door became louder and a voice was raised. ―Mr Ausable! Mr
Ausable!‖

Q1: What is Ausable waiting for? ( a )

Ans: a) important paper b) newspaper c) drink

Q2: Who knocked at the door according to Auasabe? ( b )

Ans: a) waiter b) the police c) Max

Q3: Why did Max bite his lip nervously? ( c )

Ans: a) because he wanted to take the secret report from Ausable?
b) because Ausable aimed a gun at him?
c) because Ausable told that the police were knocking at the door.

Q4: How did Max try to escape from the situation? ( a )

Ans: a) he wanted to hide himself on the balcony until the police go away
b) he decided to attack the police who are knocking at the door.
c) he wanted to run away.

CREATIVE EXPRESSION: [Link]. 35 (a) Conversation:

The narrator went to the control centre immediately after landing at the airport to enquire
about the pilot and the black aeroplane. Write a possible conversation between the
narrator and the woman in the control centre.

N = Narrator W = woman in the control centre at the airport

N: Good morning, madam.

W: Very good morning, sir. I am happy you landed safely here.

N: Thank you very much.

W: Why did you dare to fly your Dakota through those black clouds?

N: I thought I could. So I continued to fly my aeroplane.

W: Great. Why didn‘t you contact us for landing?

N: My radio and the compass were dead.

W: My god! Dead! Then how could you fly and land your aeroplane here?

N: The pilot in the black aeroplane helped me.

W: Pilot? Black aeroplane? what is that?

N: Yes. I want to thank him. May I know where the pilot is?
W: Sir, Yours is the only aeroplane that travelled and landed tonight.

N: No. The pilot of the black aeroplane guided me.

W: Our radar could also show only your Dakota.

N: It‘s shocking. Are you sure madam? Didn‘t you see any other aeroplane?
W: Yes sir. There is only one flight. No other flights are seen.
 34

N: Really. It‘s a miracle it seems.

W: Anyhow it is happy that you landed safely even though the weather is not at all good.

N: Yes. Thank you, madam.

W: Welcome sir. Have a great day.

[Link]. 35 (b): Descritption / Diary Entry:

The narrator flew his Dakota and reached England safely through the huge black storm
clouds. The pilot of the black aeroplane guided him. After landing in England he
enquired the woman in the control station about that pilot. But the woman said that there
was no other pilot and other aeroplane flown that night. The narrator was surprised.

Imagine you are in the place of the narrator. Write a diary entry about the day‟s
proceedings.

Dt. 17-7-2025
Time: 10 PM

Dear diary,

What a day today! I will never forget this day in my life. I started my journey from
Paris to England in my old Dakota, dreaming about the time I was going to spend with my
family. After I travelled 150 kms from Paris, I noticed some storm clouds. They are really
huge like black mountains. I was in a dilemma whether to go back to Paris or to go forward
to England. I tried to contact the control center, but my radio was dead. I looked at the
compass, but it was also dead. I was terrified. Then I saw a black aeroplane. The pilot in the
aeroplane waved his hand at me, suggesting me to follow his flight. I did the same. After
travelling for half an hour, I could see the runway and landed safely. As soon as I landed, I
went to the control centre and enquired about the pilot as I wanted to thank him. But I came
to know there was no such aeroplane and mine was the only one that travelled today. I was
really surprised. It's really a miracle. Thank God for saving my life.

Good night.

[Link]. 35 (b) Description / Diary Entry:

In the lesson black aeroplane, the narrator was finally landed safely with the help of a
pilot in the black aeroplane. He wanted to thank him. But he realised that there was no
such aeroplane that day. He felt really surprised. Imagine that you are in the place of
the narrator and describe your thoughts.

Ans: After what felt like an eternity of flying through that terrifying storm, I finally
managed to land safely. The moment I touched down, I was filled with immense relief. The
black aeroplane that had guided me through the storm seemed like a beacon of hope in the
chaos. I couldn‘t wait to thank the pilot who had helped me so much. I was ready to show my
gratitude for saving my life when I found out something shocking.

As I approached the airport staff and inquired about the black aeroplane, I was met
with puzzled looks. They told me there was no record of any black aeroplane flying that day.
I was stunned. I had clearly seen the black aeroplane, and I had been guided by it through the
 35

storm. It was impossible for it not to have existed. I felt a deep sense of confusion and
disbelief. How could such a helpful presence simply vanish?

The thought that the black aeroplane might not have been real made my head spin. I
tried to understand what had happened. Had I imagined the whole thing in the midst of the
storm, or was it some kind of miracle? My mind raced with questions and a mix of wonder
and unease. It was as if I had been part of a mystery I couldn‘t solve, and the only thing I
knew for sure was that I had been guided to safety by something extraordinary and
inexplicable.

[Link]. 36 (a): Letter Writing:

Model Paper Question:

Emphasising the necessity for Tree plantations, the Collector of the district has advised the
schools to initiate Kitchen Gardens in the school, encouraging the children a plant or a
seedling to bring awareness on necessity of trees and plants for the enrichment of the
environment. You have read the news and felt inspired.

Write a letter to the Editor of the Newspaper throwing light on the necessity to grow plants
and children‟s participation as a strong wave towards progress.

Ans:
[Link],
Dated 15th August, 2025.

To

The Editor,
The Hindu,
Srikakulam.

Sir,

I am a student of class 10th studying at ZP High School, D. Matchilesam. I read the

news in yesterday‘s edition that our district Collector advised the school children to develop
kitchen gardens in their respective schools. I felt happy and the news inspired me a lot. I
have decided to do plant 50 plants in our school kitchen garden along with my friends and we
will take good care of our kitchen garden also.

This is really a wonderful and timely gesture from our Collector sir because this is the
only way to protect our environment. We have come to know from our science teachers that
environment has been degraded rapidly. Human beings are facing many problems like global
warming, pollution, shortage of drinking water etc. Plantation, as much as possible, is the
only solution to check these problems. So, we are thankful to the Collector sir for giving us a
good task.

Thanking you Sir

Yours faithfully

xxxxxxxx
 36

[Link]. 36 (b): Script for Speech:

1. Have you ever been in great difficulty, and felt that only a miracle could help
you? How was your problem solved? Speak about this in class with your
teacher

Ans: Good Morning sir, Once, I faced a big challenge during my final exams in high
school. I had been struggling with physical science all year, and no matter how much I
studied, I couldn‘t seem to understand the concepts. With the exam approaching, I felt
overwhelmed and anxious, fearing I wouldn't pass.
At that point, it felt like only a miracle could help me succeed. Fortunately my
cousin, who is pursuing his [Link]., came that day just two days before my exams. When I
having a chit chat with him, he enquired about my studies. I told him about my problem. He
smiled at me and started explaining the difficult concepts in an easy way. I too began to
understand the subject. He was with me for two days.
On the day of the exam, I was nervous but more confident than before. When I
received my results, I was thrilled to find that I had passed with a good grade. My brother‘s
visit to my house is a real miracle.

2: Script for speech of “progression of models of Airplanes.”

Ans:
Good evening everyone,

Today, I‘m going to talk about the amazing journey of airplane models and how they
have evolved over time.
In1903 with the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur successfully invented an
airplane called ‗Wright Flyer‘ which was made of wood and fabric.
During World War I, planes like the Sop with Camel were used in battle. These planes
had stronger engines and could fly higher and faster.
In the 1930s, airplanes like the Douglas DC-3 revolutionized passenger travel. It was
comfortable and could carry more passengers over long distances.
During World War II, planes such as the Super marine Spitfire and the Boeing B-17
were developed, featuring advanced designs and powerful engines.
After the war, the jet age began with the introduction of the Boeing 707 in the 1950s.
This jet airplane could fly faster and further than ever before.
Today, modern airplanes like the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and the Airbus A380 are
highly advanced, offering great efficiency, comfort, and safety.

Thank you!

3: Script for speech on “progression of models of motorcars.”

Ans:
Hello everyone,
Today, I‘m going to talk about the fascinating progress of motorcar models and how
they have changed over time.
The first motorcars were invented in the late 1800s. Karl Benz created the Benz
Patent-Motorwagen in 1886, which is considered the first true car. It had three wheels and a
small engine that powered it.
In the early 1900s, Henry Ford revolutionized car manufacturing with the Model T. It
was the first car made on an assembly line, making it affordable for many people. This car
had a simple design and was easy to drive.
 37

As technology advanced, cars became faster and more stylish. In the 1950s, cars like
the Chevrolet Bel Air became popular for their sleek designs and powerful engines.
The 1970s brought more focus on safety and fuel efficiency, with models like the Toyota
Corolla becoming popular for their reliability.
Today, we have modern cars that are very advanced. Vehicles like the Tesla Model S
are electric, meaning they run on batteries instead of gasoline. .
From the Benz Patent-Motorwagen to today‘s smart cars, motorcars have come a long
way, making travel easier and more accessible.
Thank you!

UNIT IV: From The Diary of Anne Frank

[Link]. Word Meaning/Synonym Antonym

1 musings thoughts --
2 listless lacking energy or enthusiasm energetic
3 brooding thinking seriously --
4 confide to tell someone a secret withhold
5 liable responsible unaccountable
6 plunge to go into hesitate
7 adorable lovable detestable
8 emigrated went to settle returned
9 solemn serious, grave cheerful
10 quaking shaking because of fear --
11 outbursts a sudden release of a strong emotion --
12 staked put on bet --
13 pleading requesting demanding
14 glances looks --
15 fogey a dull, old-fashioned person activist
16 chatterbox one who speaks too much quiet
17 jotted wrote --
18 tucked carried removed
19 ramble write at length --
20 inherited traits features taken from one‘s parents --
21 incorrigible that cannot be corrected tractable
22 ingenuity skill unimaginativeness
23 convincing making agreeable unconvincing
24 on the contrary opposite to similar to

Key Points:

 Anne Frank finds writing in a diary a strange but comforting experience.

 She feels that “paper has more patience than people”, which is why she writes her thoughts
down.
 She doesn‘t have a “real” friend to confide in, even though she has many acquaintances and a
loving family.
 To express her emotions, she decides to treat the diary as a friend and names it “Kitty”.

 Anne was born on 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt, Germany.

 Her father, Otto Frank, moved to Holland in 1933 to escape the Nazis.
 Her mother followed him, and Anne and her sister Margot stayed with their grandmother in
Aachen.
 Eventually, the whole family reunited in Holland.
 38

 Anne started school at Montessori nursery, then moved to the first form, and was later taught by
Mrs Kuperus, the headmistress.

 In 1941, Anne‘s grandmother became ill and later died in January 1942.
 Anne loved her grandmother deeply and remembered her on her next birthday by lighting a
candle in her memory.
 As of 20 June 1942, Anne writes that her family of four is still doing well.

 Anne writes about the tension in her class over promotion to the next grade.
 Students are betting on whether they'll pass.
 Anne is confident in most subjects, but unsure about math.
 She describes her relationship with nine teachers, seven men and two women.

 Mr Keesing, her math teacher, was annoyed with her for talking too much in class.
 He punishes her by assigning extra homework, starting with an essay titled “A Chatterbox.”
 Anne writes creatively, justifying that talking is inherited from her mother and part of being a
student.

 Mr Keesing laughs at her first essay but gives her a second: “An Incorrigible Chatterbox.”
 After behaving well for two lessons, she talks again, and he assigns another essay: “Quack,
Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox.”

 Anne writes a poem with help from her friend Sanne about a mother duck, father swan, and
baby ducklings.
 The father kills the ducklings because they quack too much — a humorous jab at her punishment.
 Mr Keesing takes the joke well, reads it to the class, and even to other classes.

 Since the poem, Anne is allowed to talk in class.

 Mr Keesing stops giving her extra homework and even starts making jokes.
 Their relationship becomes more friendly and lighthearted.

I. Read the following passage:

‗Paper has more patience than people.‘ I thought ..……………………………………… about

anything but ordinary everyday things. We don‘t seem to be able to get any closer, and that‘s
the problem.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: When did the narrator say ‗paper has more patience than people‘?
Ans: When she was feeling a little depressed and was sitting at home with her chin
in her hands.

Q2: How did the stiff-backed notebook refer to?

Ans: The stiff-backed notebook grandly referred to as ‗diary‘.

Q3: How old was the narrator?

Ans: The narrator was a thirteen-year-old girl.

Q4: Why did the narrator give more importance to the diary?
Ans: Because she didn‘t have a true friend.

Q5: What was the narrator‘s problem?

Ans: The narrator‘s problem was that she and her friends didn‘t seem to be able to get any closer.
 39

Q6: How can you say that the narrator was not alone?
Ans: The narrator says that she has loving parents and a sixteen-year-old sister, thirty
friends, loving aunts and a good home. So I can say that she is not alone.

Q7: Who has more patience? ( b )

Ans: a) Anne Frank b) paper c) people

Q8: Is the narrator alone according the above text? ( b )

Ans: a) alone b) not alone c) not sure

Q9: The narrator has everything on the surface except----------------- ( a )

Ans: a) a true friend b) loving parents c) thirty friends

Q10: What did the narrator talk with her friends? ( c )

Ans: a) everything b) secrets c) everyday things

Q11: Identify the true statement. ( b )

Ans: a) The narrator says that she has many true friends
b) The narrator says that she has not even one true friend.
c) The narrator says that she doesn‘t have a good family.

II. Read the following passage:

My father, the most adorable father I‘ve ever seen, didn‘t marry
………………………………. celebration in 1942 was intended to make up for the other, and
Grandma‘s candle was lit along with the rest.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: When was the narrator born?

Ans: The narrator was born on 12th June, 1929.

Q2: How long did the narrator live in Frankfurt?

Ans: The narrator lived in Frankfurt until she was four years old.

Q3: When did the narrator‘s father emigrate?

Ans: The narrator‘s father immigrated to Holland in 1933.

Q4: Who is the narrator‘s mother?

Ans: The narrator‘s mother is Edith Hollander Frank.

Q5: What happened to the narrator‘s grandmother in 1941?

Ans: In 1941 the narrator‘s grandmother fell ill and had an operation.

Q6: What was the narrator‘s birthday in 1942 intended to?

Ans: The narrator‘s birthday in 1942 was intended to make up for the other, and grandma‘s
candle was lit along with the rest.

Q7: When did the narrator‘s father marry ( b )

Ans: a) until he was twenty five b) until he was thirty six
 40

c) until he migrated to Holland.

Q8: Who is Margot? ( c )

Ans: a) the narrator b) the narrator‘s sister c) the narrator‘s mother

Q9: Who did the narrator stay with after her parents went to Holland? ( a )
Ans: a) with her grandma b) with her sister c) in a hostel

Q10: Who was Mrs. Kuperus? ( b )

Ans: a) narrator‘s grandmother b) narrator‘s headmistress
c) narrator‘s sister

III. Read the following passage:

That evening, after I‘d finished the rest of my homework, ………………………

‗Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox‘.‖

Now, answer the questions:

Q1: What did the narrator‘s eye catch?

Ans: The narrator‘s eye caught the note about the essay.

Q2: What was the narrator‘s argument?

Ans: The narrator‘s argument was that talking was a student‘s trait.

Q3: How did Mr. Keesing respond to the narrator‘s argument?

Ans: Mr. Keesing had a good laugh at the narrator‘s argument.

Q4: Which topic was assigned to the narrator‘s as a second essay?

Ans: An Incorrigible Chatterbox.

Q5: What was the narrator‘s convincing argument about?

Ans: The narrator‘s convincing argument was to prove the necessity of talking.

Q6: Whom did the inherit the trait of talking from? ( a )

Ans: a) her mother b) her grandmother c) her father

Q7: What punishment was given to Anne Fran for talking in class? ( c )
Ans: a) to say Quack, Quack, Quack
b) to kneel down
c) to write an essay entitled Quack, Quack, Quack

Q8: Identify the true statement. ( b )

Ans: a) The narrator could control her habit of talking.
b) The narrator couldn‘t control her habit of talking.
c) both a & B
 41

Unit IV: (Poem) AMANDA

I. Read the following stanzas

Don‘t bite your nails, Amanda!

Don‘t hunch your shoulders,
Amanda! Stop that slouching and sit up straight,
Amanda!

(There is a languid, emerald sea, where the sole inhabitant is me— a mermaid, drifting
blissfully.)

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What is Amanda being told not to do with her nails?

Ans: Amanda is being told not to bite her nails.

Q2: What posture is Amanda being asked to correct?

Ans: Amanda is being asked to stop slouching and sit up straight.

Q3: In Amanda's imagination, where does she picture herself?

Ans: Amanda pictures herself in a languid, emerald sea.

Q4: What does Amanda imagine herself as in the sea?

Ans: Amanda imagines herself as a mermaid, drifting blissfully.

Q5: What instructions were given to Amanda? ( c )

Ans: a) not to bite her nails
b) to sit up straight without bending her shoulders
c) both a & b

Q6: Who is giving instructions to Amanda? ( a )

Ans: a) her mother b) her father c) her grandfather

Q7: What emotion of the speaker does the exclamation mark show? ( b )
Ans: a) happiness b) irritation c) none of the above

Q8: How does Amanda imagine herself as? ( b )

Ans: a) a fish in the sea b) a mermaid c) queen of the sea

Q9: What does the phrase ‗emerald sea‘ refer to? ( a )

Ans: a) green sea b) clear sea c) sea filled with emeralds

II. Read the following stanzas

Don‘t eat that chocolate, Amanda!

Remember your acne, Amanda!
Will you please look at me when I‘m speaking to you,
Amanda!

(I am Rapunzel, I have not a care;

life in a tower is tranquil and rare;
I‘ll certainly never let down my bright hair!)
 42

Now, answer the following questions

Q1: What is Amanda being told not to eat?

Ans: Amanda is being told not to eat chocolate.

Q2: What is Amanda reminded about in relation to her skin?

Ans: Amanda is reminded about her acne.

Q3: What is Amanda asked to do while someone is speaking to her?

Ans: Amanda is asked to look at the speaker.

Q4: In Amanda's imagination, who does she picture herself as?

Ans: Amanda pictures herself as Rapunzel.

Q5: What instructions were given to Amanda in the above stanzas? ( c )

Ans: a) not to eat chocolates b) to look at her when she was speaking
c) both a & b

Q6: Why did Amand‘s mother instruct her not to eat chocolates? ( b )
Ans: a) because they are not good for health
b) because Amanda previously suffered with Acne due to eating chocolates
c) because chocolates are costly and they can‘t afford to buy them

Q7: How did Amanda imagine herself this time? ( a )

Ans: a) Rapunzel b) mermaid c) none of the above

Q8: Where does the Rapunzel live? ( b )

Ans: a) in the sea b) in the tower c) in a bungalow

Q9: How would be her life in the tower? ( c )

Ans: a) peaceful b) calm c) both a & b

III. Read the following stanza

Stop that sulking at once, Amanda!

You‘re always so moody, Amanda!
Anyone would think that I nagged at you,
Amanda!

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What is Amanda being told to stop doing?

Ans: Amanda is being told to stop sulking.
Q2: How is Amanda‘s mood described?
Ans: Amanda‘s mood is described as always being moody.

Q3: What might someone think about the speaker's behaviour toward Amanda?
Ans: Someone might think that the speaker is nagging Amanda.
 43

Q4: Pick out the word from the above stanza which means ‗to be silent because of
anger on someone‘? ( b )
Ans: a) moody b) sulking c) nagging

Q5: Why was Amanda always so moody? ( a )

Ans: a) because of her mother‘s continuous instructions
b) because Amanda‘s nature was like that
c) none of the above

Q6: What would anyone think of the reason for Amanda‘s moodiness? ( a )
Ans: a) because of her mother‘s nagging
b) because of her father‘s nagging
c) none of the above

S R – UNIT IV: A QUESTION OF TRUST

I. Read the following passage:

Everyone thought that Horace Danby was a good, honest citizen. He was about fifty
……………………………………………………………………..He came out from behind
the garden wall, his tools carefully packed in a bag on his back.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What did everyone think about Horace Danby? ( a )

Ans: a) a good, honest citizen
b) a responsible citizen
c) a dishonest citizen

Q2: Who did he live with? ( c )

Ans: a) with his family b) with his friends c) with a housekeeper

Q3: What kind of a man was Horace Danby? ( b )

Ans: a) completely honest
b) not completely honest
c) an amiable person

Q4: Why did he go to prison library fifteen years ago? ( c )

Ans: a) as a guest b) as a hobby
c) as a sentence for his crime

Q5: What kind of books did he love? ( a )

Ans: a) rare, expensive books
b) books related to crime
c) horror books

Q6: What did he rob every year? ( c )

Ans: a) a bank b) a lot of gold c) a safe
 44

Q7: Why did he rob a safe every year? ( b )

Ans: a) to earn livelihood b) to buy books enough for a year
c) enough to live a luxurious life

Q8: Where did the two servants go? ( a )

Ans: a) to the movies b) to London c) to their home

Q9: What had he been studying the house at Shotover Grange? ( c )

Ans: a) its rooms and electric wiring
b) its paths and its garden
c) all the above

Q10: What did he carry with him for robbery? ( b )

Ans: a) food b) tools c) a bag

II. Read the following passage:

And within an hour Horace had opened the safe, given her the jewels, and gone
happily away………………………………………………………….He gets very angry
when anyone talks about ‗honour among thieves‘.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: How long did Horace take to open the safe? ( b )

Ans: a) an hour b) half an hour c) two days

Q2: What did Horace give the young lady? ( a )

Ans: a) jewel b) diamonds c) gold

Q3: How long did Horace keep his promise to the kind young lady? ( c )
Ans: a) third day b) half an hour c) two days

Q4: Why did he decide to rob another safe? ( a )

Ans: a) because the first attempt was not successful
b) because he didn‘t get enough money he needed
c) because he was greedy

Q5: Why did the police arrest him? ( b )

Ans: a) for the gold robbery
b) for the jewel robbery
c) for the money robbery

Q6: What were there all over the room? ( a )

Ans: a) Horace‘s fingerprints b) gold c) jewelry

Q7: Who asked Horace to open the safe? ( c )

Ans: a) the owner of the house
b) the police
c) a clever, charming young lady who is in the same profession
 45

Q8: Where did Horace work as an assistant librarian? ( b )

Ans: a) in a library b) in the prison c) in his village

Q9: When does Horace get angry? ( a )

Ans: a) when someone talks about ‗honour among thieves‘
b) when someone talks about ethics
c) when someone complains to the police

CREATIVE EXPRESSION: [Link]. 35 (a) Conversation:

Anne Frank got along pretty with all her teachers except [Link] who teaches
Mathematics. He was annoyed with Anne for a long time because she talked so much.
After several warnings, he assigned Anne extra homework.

Now, write a possible conversation between Anne and Mr. Keesing.

Mr. Keesing : Anne, what are you doing?

Anne : Nothing sir.

Mr. Keesing : No. You are talking something. what‘s that?

Anne : Nothing sir.

[Link] : This is not good. I told you a number of times not to talk during the class.
Anne : Sorry sir.

Mr Keesing : No. I don‘t accept your apology. Write an essay and submit it tomorrow.
The topic is ‗A Chatterbox‘,
Anne: : ‗A Chatterbox‘ what can I write about that?
Mr Keesing : You have to write and submit. That‘s all.
Anne: : OK sir.

The next day:

Ann : Here is my essay on ‗A Chatterbox‘ sir.

Me Keesing : (gone through the essay) You presented convincing arguments to prove
the necessity of talking.
Anne : Yes Sir. It‘s a student trait. I would do my best to keep it under control.
Mr. Keesing : No. I am not convinced. You write another essay tomorrow.
: And your topic is ‗An incorrigible Chatterbox‘
The next day:

Anne : Sir, here is my essay

Mr. Keesing : nothing to complain, let‘s see how long will you keep quiet.

Anne : I will not trouble you sir. (but during the third lessons she started talking
again)
Mr. Keesing: : Anne. You haven‘t listened to me. As a punishment write an other essay.
Your topic is ‗Quack, Quack, Quack, said Mistress Chatterbox.‖

(the class roared)

 46

[Link]. 35 (b): Description / Diary Entry:”

Imagine that you are in the place Anne Frank. Describe your thoughts when Mr.
Keesing gives you homework as a punishment for your talking in the class.

Ans: Why does Mr. Keesing always pick on me for talking? It's not like I'm the only one
who does it. I know I talk a lot, but it‘s just because I have so many thoughts and ideas to
share. I already written 2 essays and submitted to him. But he was not satisfied and gave me
another essay for the third time. This time I will try it in a different way. Sanne and I came
up with a funny poem that might just do the trick. It‘s about ducks, of all things. Maybe he‘ll
find it amusing.
In the poem, I'll describe a family of ducks and how their incessant quacking got them
into trouble. It‘s a silly story, but with a hint of satire that might make Mr. Keesing see the
absurdity of punishing me over and over for something that won‘t change.
As I write, I hope Mr. Keesing will see that my talking is just part of my character and
perhaps even an asset. Maybe this poem will be the turning point. I want him to understand
that my chatter is a part of my lively personality, not just a disruption.

[Link]. 35 (b): Description / Diary Entry:”

Horace Danby was surprised when the police arrested him for jewel robbery. He
understood that he was cheated by the pretty young lady who demanded him to open
the safe. Imagine that you are in the place of Horace Danby and make a diary entry
about the incident.

Ans:

Date: August 10, 2025

10 P M

Dear Diary,

I can‘t believe what happened today. The police arrested me for the jewel robbery, and
I am still in shock. I thought I had planned everything perfectly, as I always do. But this time,
I was fooled—completely outsmarted by that pretty young lady.
She seemed so kind and confident when she asked me to open the safe. I never
suspected anything. I truly believed she was the owner of the house. How could I have been
so naive? Now, as I sit here, I realize she played me like a fiddle. She knew exactly how to
make me trust her, and I fell for it.
This is a harsh lesson, and I regret trusting her so easily. I was always so careful, yet I
let my guard down. I have been a fool, and now I must face the consequences of my mistake.

Goodnight.
Horace
 47

UNIT V: THE GLIMPSES OF INDIA

V (I). A BAKER FROM GOA

Glossary

[Link]. Word Meaning/Synonym Antonym

1 reminiscing thinking fondly of the past expectantly
nostalgically
2 vanished disappeared present
3 extinguished to end lit
4 jingle a light ringing sound --
5 fragrance scent, smell --
6 rebuke disapproval, scolding praise, compliment
7 peculiar unusual, abnormal normal
8 prosperous economic well-being poor
9 drifted separated --
10 invigorating make one feel strong, exhausting
11 fiercely powerfully gently
12 descent origin ascent
13 hospitality generous and friendly treatment of unfriendliness
visitors and guests
14 velour courage, bravery cowardice
15 misty filled with fog clear
16 ochre a moderate yellow-orange to orange --
colour
17 steaming very hot freezing
18 ardent keen dispassionate
19 densely thickly sparsely
20 dwarfing making something appear small --
21 sturdy strongly built weak, frail
22 ascetic a person with incredible self-discipline hedonistic
23 veered turned --
24 pruned cut expanded

Key Points:

 Elders in Goa fondly recall the Portuguese era and the importance of bread during those times.
 Though the Portuguese are gone, the tradition of baking continues in Goa.
 The profession is passed down through generations—fathers to sons.

 Bakers, known as paders, are still part of Goan life.

 The sound of the bamboo staff (used to announce the baker's arrival) is still heard in some places.
 Traditional furnaces and baking methods still survive.

 In childhood, the baker was seen as a friend and guide to kids.

 He came twice a day: once in the morning to sell, and once after finishing his round.
 Children were excited not for the bread, but for the bread-bangles and special sweet bread.

 The baker came with a “jhang-jhang” sound made with a bamboo staff.
 He balanced a basket of bread on his head.
 He greeted the lady of the house, placed the basket on a stand, and served the servant.
 48

 Children rushed to see the bread, often peeking into the basket.
 Bread was an essential part of every household.
 The kids didn‘t even brush their teeth—hot tea did the trick!

 Bread is important in all major events:

o Marriage gifts include the sweet bread (bol).
o Sandwiches for engagement ceremonies.
o Cakes and bolinhas for Christmas and other festivals.
 A baker's furnace is essential to village life.

 Wore a kabai—a long, knee-length frock.

 Later, bakers wore short trousers (longer than half pants but shorter than full).
 Even today, wearing such pants is linked to looking like a pader.

 Bills were collected monthly, recorded on walls in pencil.

 Baking was a profitable business.
 Bakers and their families were well-fed, happy, and prosperous.
 Their plumpness was a symbol of their success.

I. Read the following passage:

He would greet the lady of the house with ―Good morning‖

………………………………………………………….The tiger never brushed his teeth. Hot
tea could wash and clean up everything so nicely, after all!

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Who would greet the lady of the house, and how?

Ans: The baker would greet the lady of the house with "Good morning."
Q2: Where would the baker place his basket?
Ans: He would place his basket on the vertical bamboo.
Q3: What was the reaction of the kids when the loaves were delivered to the servant?
Ans: The kids would be pushed aside with a mild rebuke but would still try to peep into
the basket.
Q4: What distinct memory does the narrator recall about the loaves?
Ans: The narrator recalls the typical fragrance of the loaves.

Q5: What did the children prefer over brushing their teeth?
Ans: The children preferred not to brush their teeth and instead relied on hot tea to clean
everything.

Q6: Why did the narrator mention the tiger in the context of brushing teeth?
Ans: The narrator mentioned the tiger to emphasize that even the tiger didn't brush his
teeth, so they didn‘t see the need to either.

Q7: What did the baker greet the lady of the house with? ( c )
Ans: a) "Hello"
b) "Good evening"
c) "Good morning.

Q8: Where did the baker place his basket? ( c )

 49

Ans: a) On the floor

b) On a table
c) On the vertical bamboo

Q9: What did the kids do when the loaves were delivered to the servant? ( b )
Ans; a) They ignored the loaves.
b) They climbed a bench or parapet to peep into the basket.
c) They ate the loaves immediately.

Q10: What was inside the basket for the elders? ( c )

Ans: a) Toys
b) Fruits
c) Loaves

Q11: What was the children‘s attitude towards brushing their teeth? ( c )
Ans: a) They were diligent about brushing.
b) They brushed occasionally.
c) They didn't care to brush.

Q12: What did the children think could clean their teeth? ( b )
Ans: a) Mango-leaves
b) Hot tea
c) Loaves

V (II): COORG
Key points:

 Coorg, also called Kodagu, is the smallest district in Karnataka.

 It lies midway between Mysore and Mangalore.
 Known as "a piece of heaven", it has rolling hills, rainforests, and coffee plantations.

 Evergreen rainforests cover 30% of Coorg.

 Monsoons are intense and keep many tourists away.
 The best season to visit is from September to March.
 The air is filled with the fragrance of coffee.
 Coorg features coffee estates and colonial bungalows nestled under tree canopies.

 Coorgis are known for being fiercely independent and martial.

 Their origin is possibly Greek or Arabic:
o Greek theory: Descendants of Alexander‟s army.
o Arab theory: Their traditional dress kuppia resembles the Arab kuffia.
 Their culture and rituals differ from the mainstream Hindu traditions.

 Coorgi homes are known for hospitality.

 They take pride in recounting tales of bravery.
 Coorg has produced many brave soldiers:
o The Coorg Regiment is highly decorated in the Indian Army.
o General Cariappa, the first Chief of Indian Army, was a Coorgi.
 Kodavus are the only people in India allowed to carry firearms without a license.

 The Kaveri river originates from the hills and forests of Coorg.
 Home to Mahaseer, a large freshwater fish.
 The river supports wildlife like kingfishers, squirrels, langurs, and elephants.
 50

 Elephants are often seen being bathed by their mahouts.

 Coorg offers adventure sports like:

o River rafting, canoeing, rappelling
o Rock climbing, mountain biking, and trekking
 Numerous walking trails attract nature lovers and trekkers.

 Coorg is rich in biodiversity:

o Birds, bees, and butterflies are abundant.
o Animals like macaques, Malabar squirrels, langurs, and slender loris live in the
forests.
o Wild elephants roam the area, and caution is advised.

 Brahmagiri hills offer a panoramic view of misty Coorg landscapes.

 A rope bridge leads to the island of Nisargadhama (64 acres).
 Bylakuppe, nearby, is India‘s largest Tibetan settlement.
o Tourists may encounter Buddhist monks in colorful robes — a delightful surprise.

 Coorg is a place where nature, adventure, culture, and spirituality blend.

 It's described as the “heart and soul of India”, offering surprises and deep experiences for
visitors.

II. Read the following passage:

Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, and they are more than
…………………………………………………………………………climbing and mountain
biking. Numerous walking trails in this region are a favourite with trekkers.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What tradition do Coorgi homes have?

Ans: Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality.

Q2: What are they willing to recount?

Ans: They are willing to recount numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers.

Q3: Which is the most decorated regiment in the Indian Army?

Ans; The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army.

Q4: Who is General Cariappa?

Ans: General Cariappa is the first Chief of the Indian Army?

Q5: Where does the river Kaveri obtain its water from?
Ans: The river Kaveri obtains its water from hills and forests of Coorg.

Q6: Why do the Kingfishers dive?

Ans: The Kingfishers dive for Mahaseer, a large freshwater fish.

Q7: Why do the squirrels and langurs drop partially eaten fruit?
Ans: For the mischief of enjoying the splash and the ripple effect in the clear water.

Q8: Name some adventurous activities mentioned in the above text.

Ans. River rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing and mountain biking etc.
 51

Q9: What is a favourite thing with trekkers here?

Ans: Numerous walking trails in this region are a favourite with trekkers.

Q10: Where is General Cariappa from? ( a )

Ans: a) Coorg b) Goa c) Bengaluru:

Q11: Name the large fresh water fish mentioned in the above text. ( a )
Ans: a) Mahaseer b) Kingisher c) langur

Q12: What do the squirrels and langurs drop in Kaveri waters? ( a )

Ans: a) partially eaten fruit b) fruit c) stones

Q13: Identify the true statement ( b )

Ans: a) People are permitted to carry firearms without a license.
b) Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a license.
c) Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms with a license.

(V) (III) TEA FROM ASSAM

Key Points:

 Rajvir and Pranjol are traveling by train to Assam, where Pranjol‘s father manages a tea estate.
 A tea vendor walks by their compartment calling out, ―Chai-garam... garam-chai.‖
 Both boys sip steaming hot tea, and Rajvir shares that over eighty crore cups of tea are
consumed daily worldwide.
 Pranjol is engrossed in his detective book, while Rajvir is mesmerized by the lush green scenery.
 Green paddy fields give way to vast tea plantations.
 The scene includes tea bushes, tall shade trees, workers plucking tea leaves, and factory
chimneys emitting smoke.
 Rajvir, curious and enthusiastic, shares interesting facts and legends about tea:
o Chinese legend: Tea leaves accidentally fell into the emperor‘s boiling water, creating a
new drink.
o Indian legend: Bodhidharma cut off his eyelids to avoid sleep; tea plants grew from
them, helping to banish sleep.
 Tea was first drunk in China around 2700 B.C.
 Words like tea, chai, chini come from Chinese.
 Tea reached Europe in the 16th century, where it was initially consumed as medicine.
 The train arrives at Mariani junction, where Pranjol‘s parents welcome the boys.
 They drive to Dhekiabari Tea Estate, managed by Pranjol‘s father.
 The estate road is lined with neatly pruned tea bushes.
 Tea-pluckers, wearing plastic aprons and carrying bamboo baskets, are busy at work.
 A tractor carrying tea leaves passes by as the car slows down.
 Rajvir identifies the current season as the second-flush or sprouting period (May to July), which
yields the best quality tea.
 Pranjol‘s father, Mr. Barua, is impressed by Rajvir‘s prior knowledge.
 Rajvir humbly says he hopes to learn much more during his stay.

II. Read the following passage:

―Tea was first drunk in China,‖ Rajvir added, ―as far back as 2700 B.C.!
……………………………………………………………………………………………
baskets on their backs, wearing plastic aprons, were plucking the newly sprouted leaves.
 52

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Where was tea drunk first?

Ans: Tea was first drunk in China.

Q2: When was tea drunk first?

Ans: Tea was drunk first as far back as 2700 BC.

Q3: Where are the words like ‗chai‘ and ‗chini‘ originated?
Ans: The words like ‗chai‘ and ‗chini‘ are originated from Chinese.

Q4: Who were waiting at Mariani junction?

Ans: Panjol‘s parents were waiting.

Q5: Who is managing the tea-garden?

Ans: Tea-garden was managed by Pranjol‘s father.

Q6: How were tea-pluckers plucking the tea leaves?

Ans: Groups of tea-pluckers, with bamboo baskets on their back, wearing plastic aprons,
were plucking the newly sprouted leaves.

Q7: When did tea come to Europe? ( b )

Ans: a) in 2700 B C b) in the sixteenth century c) in the twenty first century

Q8: In the sixteenth century in Europe tea was drunk as ---------------- ( c )

Ans: a) beverage b) raw drink c) medicine

THE TREES (Poem)

I. Read the following stanzas:

The trees inside are moving out into the forest,

the forest that was empty all these days where
………………………………………………
half-dazed, moving to
the clinic doors

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What is happening to the trees inside the building?

Ans; The trees inside are moving out into the forest.

Q2: How was the forest described before the trees began moving into it?
Ans: The forest was empty where no bird could sit, no insect could hide, and no sun could
bury its feet in shadow.

Q3: By when does the poem suggest the forest will be full of trees?
Ans: By morning.

Q4: What are the roots doing during the night?

Ans: The roots are working to disengage themselves from the cracks in the veranda floor.
 53

Q5: How are the twigs described in the poem?

Ans: The twigs are described as stiff with exertion.

Q6: What comparison is made to describe the movement of the boughs under the roof?
Ans: The boughs are compared to newly discharged patients, half-dazed and moving to the
clinic doors.

Q7: Where are the trees inside moving to? ( b )

Ans: a) Into the garden
b) Into the forest
c) Into the sky

Q8: What could not sit in the empty forest before? ( a )

Ans: a) Birds
b) Animals
c) Humans

Q9: What do the leaves strain toward? ( b )

Ans: a) The roof
b) The glass
c) The ground

Q10: How are the boughs described when they move under the roof? ( a )
Ans: a) Like newly discharged patients
b) Like soldiers marching
c) Like dancers performing

Q11: What are the small twigs stiff with? ( b )

Ans: a) Joy
b) Exertion
c) Cold

Q12: What do the roots work to do at night? ( b )

Ans: a) To grow taller
b) To disengage from the veranda floor cracks
c) To find water

II. Read the following stanzas:

I sit inside, doors open to the veranda

writing long letters
…………………………………..
its pieces flash now in the crown
of the tallest oak.

Now, read the following questions:

 54

Q1: Who does the word ‗I‘ refer to?

Ans: I refers to the poetess i.e. Edrienne Rich

Q2: What is she doing?

Ans: She is writing letters.

Q3: How did the smell of leaves and lichens reach to the poetess?
Ans: The smell of leave and lichens reached to the poetess like a voice coming from the
rooms of the house.

Q4: Why will tomorrow be silent?

Ans: Tomorrow will be silent because the trees will be moved to the forest.

Q5: Who rush to meet the trees?

Ans: Winds rush to meet the trees.

Q6: Where do the broken pieces of the moon flash in?

Ans: The broken pieces of the moon flashes in the crown of the tallest oak.

Q7: When will be the sounds become silent? ( a )

Ans: a) tomorrow b) today c) day after tomorrow

Q8: Who meets the trees? ( c )

Ans: a) glass b) lichens c) wind

Q9: What is broken like a mirror? ( b )

Ans: a) wind b) moon c) branch of a tree

Q10: What does shine? ( c )

Ans: a) glass b) night c) moon

Q11: What is fresh? ( a )

Ans: a) night b) sky c) moon

S R :UNIT V: FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET

I. Read the following passage:

The two boys started in surprise at the fresh muddy imprints of a

pair…………………………………………… — until he happened to step in some mud, and
left footprints as he walked!

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Where did the boys find the muddy footprints first? ( b )
Ans: a) on the terrace b) on the steps of a house c) in the street

Q2: Who are the two boys searching for? ( a )

Ans: a) the man b) the woman c) the animal
 55

Q3: Where did the fresh footmark appear from? ( c )

Ans: a) somewhere b) everywhere c) nowhere

Q4: Where were the footprints progressing? ( a )

Ans: a) the street b) into a house c) into a mall

Q5: What happened to the footprints at last? ( b )

Ans: a) appeared b) disappeared c) appeared to all

Q6: How did the boys fee? ( c )

Ans: a) bewildered b) fascinated c) both a & b

Q7: Who had the boys been following? ( b )

Ans: a) an alien b) a scientist c) a magician

Q8: What had the scientist discovered? ( a )

Ans: a) to make the human body transparent
b) to make the human body opaque
c) to make the human body float

Q9: What did the scientist swallow? ( b )

Ans: a) rare drugs b) rare chemicals c) rare medicine

Q10: How did the body of the scientist become? ( c )

Ans: a) as transparent as water
b) as transparent as a sheet of paper
c) as transparent as a sheet of glass

Q11: What did Griffin do in revenge to his landlord? ( b )

Ans: a) quit his job
b) set fire to his house
c) became invisible

Q12: Griffin had to -----------------get away without being seen ( a )

Ans: a) removed his clothes b) removed his shoes
c) removed his hat

II. Read the following passage:

Eager to get away from crowded London he took a train to the village of Iping,
………………………………………………………………………………………………
poker grasped firmly in his hand, the clergyman flung open the door. ―Surrender!‖

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Where did he go to get away from a crowd? ( b )

Ans: a) London b) Iping c) India

Q2: Where did he book two rooms? ( a )

Ans: a) at the local inn b) at a five-starred hotel c) London
 56

Q3: What was an unusual event? ( c )

Ans: a) to book two rooms
b) to go to Iping village
c) the arrival of a stranger at an inn in winter

Q4: What do all tongues set to wagging? ( a )

Ans: a) a stranger of such uncommon appearance
b) a stranger at an inn in winter
c) booking two rooms

Q5: Why did Mrs. Hall make every effort? ( b )

Ans: a) to be cautious b) to be friendly c) to be curios

Q6: What did the speaker‘s desire for coming to Iping? ( c )

Ans: a) to carry out his research b) to be in silence c) for solitude

Q7: What has affected the speaker‘s face? ( a )

Ans: a) an accident b) an experiment c) consuming rare drugs

Q8: Why did [Link] prepare to excuse his strange habits and irritable temper? ( b )
Ans: a) because her guest was an eccentric scientist
b) because he had paid her in advance
c) because he didn‘t wish to be disturbed

Q9: Griffin pretended that he was expecting -----------------to arrive. ( b )

Ans: a) money b) a cheque c) a friend

Q10: What did the clergyman and his wife hear? ( a )

Ans: a) the chink of money being taken away
b) the sound of knocking at the door
c) the sound of someone running down the stairs.

CREATIVE EXPRESSION:

[Link]. 35 (b): Description / Diary Entry:

You have learnt about your tenth class CBSE lesson Coorg and unique features of the
people there. Imagine that you have visited Coorg and enjoyed everything which was
mentioned in the lesson. Now, make a diary entry of your visit to Coorg.

Ans:

Date: August 10, 2025

10 PM

Dear Diary,

Today was an unforgettable day! I finally visited Coorg. It was even more beautiful
than I imagined. As soon as I arrived, I was greeted by the lush greenery and the cool, fresh
air. The hills were covered in coffee plantations, and the aroma of coffee beans was
everywhere.
The people of Coorg are truly unique. They have a rich culture and tradition. I learned
 57

that they are known for their bravery, and many of them have served in the Indian army. The
Kodavas, as they are called, have their own distinct dress and customs. I enjoyed their
hospitality and listened to their stories of valour. I enjoyed the panoramic view of Coorg
from Brahmagiri hills. I took part in most of adventurous games like riverrafting, canoeing,
rappelling, rock climbing, mountain biking and trekking etc. It was an amazing experience.
The people were so warm and welcoming, always ready with a smile.
Coorg is truly a paradise. The natural beauty, the rich culture, and the warm people made this
visit special. I will cherish these memories forever.

Goodnight .

UNIT VI: MIJBIL THE OTTER

[Link]. Word Meaning / Synonym Antonym

1 eminently extremely --
2 tamed pet --
3 thralldom being under the control of --
4 spacious wide and open limited
5 symmetrical well proportioned asymmetrical
6 mud armour shield of mud --
7 christened named --
8 hostile unfriendly friendly
9 apathy absence of interest interest
10 plunging diving hesitating
11 static fixed dynamic
12 provoking causing anger soothing
13 dreaded feared fearless
14 accustomed get used to unaccustomed
15 appalling spectacle a shocking scene --
16 whipped off quickly took off --
17 whimpered cried softly --
18 shreds small pieces wholes
19 infuriated very angry calm
20 retained kept free
21 engrossed immersed bored
22 ambush to attack suddenly --
23 trot off to leave --
24 abreast by side --
25 growled to speak angrily --
Key Points:

 In 1956, the author travels to Southern Iraq.

 He considers keeping an otter as a pet, instead of a dog, at Camusfearna (his home surrounded
by water).
 A friend suggests he get an otter from the Tigris marshes, where they are common and often
tamed.
 While waiting in Basra for mail from England, the author‘s friend finds him an otter and sends it
to him.
 The otter arrives in a sack delivered by two Arabs.
 It is covered in mud and looks like a tiny dragon.
 The author names him Mijbil (Mij).
 58

 Mij turns out to be a new subspecies, later named Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli (Maxwell‘s
otter).
 At first, Mij is shy and aloof, but soon warms up and sleeps beside the author.
 The author takes Mij to the bathroom, where he plays joyfully in water.
 Otters have a habit of spilling and splashing water everywhere.
 Mij even learns to turn on taps by himself.
 He becomes playful and obedient, responds to his name, and plays with rubber balls and
marbles.
 His favorite game is juggling marbles while lying on his back.
 To go back to England, Maxwell books a flight via Paris since British airlines didn‟t allow pets.
 Mij must travel in a small box, but he injures himself trying to escape.
 The author rushes to the airport with the injured otter.
 On the plane, Mij escapes the box and runs through the cabin, causing panic among passengers.
 A lady screams thinking it‘s a rat, and the author ends up with curry on his face trying to catch
him.
 Eventually, Mij returns and snuggles affectionately with the author.
 The author and Mij stay in London for a month.
 Mij plays with ping-pong balls, marbles, rubber fruit, and a terrapin shell.
 He invents a game using a sloped suitcase, placing the ball at the top and chasing it down.
 On walks, he behaves like a dog on a lead and develops quirky habits, like running along a low
school wall.
 Most Londoners don‟t recognize otters and guess all kinds of animals:
o Baby seal, squirrel, walrus, hippo, beaver, bear cub, mongoose, brontosaur, etc.
 The funniest reaction is from a labourer, who seriously asks, “What is that supposed to be?”

I. Read the following passage:

Early in the New Year of 1956 I travelled to Southern Iraq.

…………………………………… lay a sack that squirmed from time to time. They
handed me a note from my friend: ―Here is your otter...‖

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: When did the narrator travel to Southern Iraq?

Ans: The narrator travelled to Southern Iraq early in the new year of 1956.

Q2: Which place did the narrator‘s friend casually mention to get otters?
Ans: The narrator‘s friend mentioned Trigris marshes.

Q3: Where were they going to answer their mail from Europe?
Ans: They were going to Basra to the Consulate-General to collect and answer their mail
from Europe.

Q4: What did they find at the Consulate-General?

Ans: They found that the narrator‘s mail had not arrived; only his friend‘s mail had arrived.

Q5: When did the narrator‘s mail arrive?

Ans: The narrator‘s mail arrived five days later.

Q6: Why was the exchange closed on the second day?

Ans: The exchange was closed on the second day for a religious holiday.

Q7: Then the narrator decided to keep --------------------- as his pet. ( b )

Ans: a) a dog b) an otter c) a rabbit
 59

Q8: What are available in Tigris in plenty? ( c )

Ans: a) pet animals b) mosquitos c) otters

Q9: What were often tamed by the Arabs? ( a )

Ans: a) otters b) camels c) mosquitos

Q10: The call has to be booked -------------------------- ( a )

Ans: a) twenty-four hours in advance
b) five days in advance
c) three days in advance

Q11: On which day the exchange was closed? ( c )

Ans: a) on the first day b) on the third day c) on the second day

II. Read the following passage:

For the first twenty-four hours Mijbil was neither hostile nor friendly;
………………………………………………………………………………………….
move and made to do things; when static it is wasted and provoking.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: How was Mijbil for the first twenty-four hours?
Ans: For the first twenty-four hours Mijbil was neither hostile nor friendly; he was simply
aloof and indifferent.

Q2: Where did the Mijbil choose to sleep in the beginning?

Ans: The Mijbil in the beginning chose to sleep on the floor as far as possible from the
narrator‘s bed.

Q3: When did the Mijbil come on the narrator‘s bed?

Ans: On the second night the Mijbil came on to the narrator‘s bed.

Q4: Where did it remain asleep in small hours?

Ans: It remained asleep in the crook of narrator‘s knees.

Q5: How long did it remain asleep in the crook of narrator‘s knees?
Ans: Until the servant brought tea in the morning.

Q6: How did the Otter enjoy in the bathroom?

Ans: The Otter went wild with joy in the water plunging and rolling in it, shooting up and
down the length of the bathtub under water.

Q7: Mijbil chose to sleep on the --------------------------------- ( b )

Ans: a) narrator‘s bed b) floor c) sofa

Q8: What did the narrator make for his otter? ( a )

Ans: a) body belt b) neck chain c) rope

Q9: What is the characteristic of Otter discovered by the narrator ? ( a )

Ans: a) Otters like to play with the water.
b) Otters like to sleep on the floor.
 60

c) Otters don‘t like to be tamed.

III. Read the following passage:

The days passed peacefully at Basra, but I dreaded the prospect of transporting Mij to
England, and to Camusfearna. ………………………………………………it was just ten
minutes until the time of the flight, and the airport was five miles distant. I put the miserable
Mij back into the box, holding down the lid with my hand.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: How did the days pass at Basra?

Ans: The days passed peacefully at Basra.

Q2: What was the concern of the narrator?

Ans: The main concern of the narrator is to transport Mijbil to England and to
Camusfearna.

Q3: What did the British Airline insist the narrator?

Ans: The British Airline insisted the narrator that Mijbil should be packed into a box
not more than eighteen inches square, to be carried on the floor at the narrator‘s
feet.

Q4: What did the narrator find from the airholes and chinks around the lid of the box?
Ans: The narrator found that blood had trickled and died.

Q5: The British Airline to London would not fly ------------ ( b )

Ans: a) weapons b) animals c) cargo

Q6: Why did the narrator put Mijbil in the box an hour before the flight journey? ( c )
Ans: a) because he wanted to have his meal.
b) because he wanted to place it in the cargo.
c) so that Mijbil would get accustomed to the box.

Q7: What does the phrase ‗an appalling spectacle‘ mean? ( b )

Ans: a) a pair of special spectacles
b) a shocking scene
c) none of the above

IV. Read the following passage:

Mij and I remained in London for nearly a month.

……………………………………………..take it by surprise, grab it and trot off with it to
the high end once more.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: How long did they remain in London?

Ans: The narrator and his pet Otter remained in London for nearly a month.
 61

Q2: How did the Otter spend his time?

Ans: He would play for hours with a selection of toys, ping-pong balls, marbles, rubber
fruit, and a terrapin shell.

Q3: How did Mijbil play with the ping-pong ball?

Asn: Mijbil placed the ball at the high end of the damaged suitcase and it would run
down the length of the suitcase. He would dash around to the other end to ambush
it.

Q4: What did the narrator bring from Otter‘s native marshes? ( c )
Ans: a) selection of toys b) ping-pong balls c) a terrapin shell

Q5: The Otter invented a game of his own with ------------------ ( a )

Ans: a) the ping-pong ball b) rubber fruit c) marbles

Q6: What had become damaged on the journey? ( b )

Ans: a) toys b) a suitcase c) the wooden box

Unit VI: FOG (Poem)

I. Read the following poem:

The fog comes

on little cat feet.
It sits looking
over harbour and city
on silent haunches
and then moves on.

Now, answer the following questions:

|Q1: How does the fog arrive in the poem?

Ans: The fog arrives "on little cat feet," suggesting a quiet and stealthy arrival.

Q2: What does the fog do after it arrives?

Ans: The fog sits, looking over the harbour and city.

Q3: How is the fog personified in the poem?

Ans: The fog is personified as a cat, sitting on "silent haunches" and observing the
surroundings.

Q4: What does the fog look over in the poem?

Ans: The fog looks over the harbour and the city.

Q5: What does the phrase "silent haunches" suggest about the fog?
Ans: The phrase "silent haunches" suggests that the fog is still, quiet, and somewhat
mysterious.

Q6: What happens to the fog at the end of the poem?

Ans: At the end of the poem, the fog moves on, just as quietly as it arrived.

Q7: How does the fog enter the scene in the poem? ( b )
 62

Ans: a) With a loud roar

b) On little cat feet
c) Like a gust of wind

Q8: What does the fog do after it arrives? ( b )

Ans: a) It roars across the city
b) It sits quietly
c) It dissipates immediately

Q9: What is the fog compared to in the poem? ( a )

Ans: a) A cat
b) A bird
c) A lion

Q10: What areas does the fog observe in the poem? ( b)

Ans: a) Forest and mountain
b) Harbor and city
c) Desert and river

Q11: What does the phrase "silent haunches" imply about the fog? ( c )
Ans: a) The fog is noisy
b) The fog is aggressive
c) The fog is quiet and still

Q12: What does the fog do at the end of the poem? ( b )

Ans: a) It stays in the city
b) It moves on
c) It grows thicker

S.R. Unit VI: THE MAKING OF A SCIENTIST

I. Read the following passage:

It was the first time this important scientific journal had ever published the
…………………………………………………………………….. bought him telescopes,
microscopes, cameras, mounting materials, and other equipment and helped him in many
other ways.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Why couldn‘t Richard play football or baseball? ( a )

Ans: a) because he had nobody to team up with
b) because he didn‘t know how to play
c) because his mother didn‘t allow him to play

Q2: It was the first time this important scientific journal had ever published
the work off ------------------------- ( b )
Ans: a) great scientist b) college students c) professors
 63

Q3: What would it be like? ( c )

Ans: a) equal to winning an Olympic medal
b) equal to winning a big tennis tournament
c) making the big league at the age of fifteen

Q4: How did Richard‘s achievement start with? ( b )

Ans: a) collecting things b) butterflies c) scoring high runs

Q5: When did Richard start collecting things? ( a )

Ans: a) when he was in kindergarten
b) when he was a college student
c) when his article was published in the journal

Q6: What did Richard collect apart from butterflies? ( c )

Ans: a) rocks and fossils
b) coins
c) both a & b

Q7: How did Richard become sometime as mentioned in the text? ( b )

Ans: a) a college student b) an eager astronomer c) a scientist

Q8: What qualities did Richard have from the beginning? ( c )

Ans: a) a driving curiosity
b) a bright mind
c) both a & b

Q9: Who encouraged his learning? ( a )

Ans: a) his mother b) his father b) his parents

Q10: What did his mother bring him on trips? ( c )

Ans: a) telescopes, microscopes
b) camera, mounting material
c) both a & b

II. Read the following passage:

For his eighth grade project, Ebright tried to find the cause of a viral disease
………………………………………………… project was placed first in the zoology
division and third overall in the county science fair.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What is Ebright‘s eighth grade project? ( b )

Ans: a) to find caterpillars
b) to find the cause of a viral disease
c) to find the disease carried by a beetle

Q2: Ebright thought the disease might be carried by ………….. ( a )

Ans: a) a beetle b) a monarch caterpillar a) a viceroy butterfly

Q3: How did he continue his research? ( b )

Ans: a) he tried raising beetles in the presence of caterpillars
 64

b) he tried raising caterpillars in the presence of beetles

c) none of the above

Q4: What was Ebright‘s next year science fair project? ( b )

Ans: a) the theory that monarchs copy viceroy butterflies
b) the theory that viceroy butterflies copy monarchs
c) a viral disease that kills monarch caterpillars

Q5: Which kind of butterflies taste good to birds? ( c )

Ans: a) monarch b) caterpillars c) viceroys

Q6: Why do viceroy butterflies look like monarch butterflies? ( a )

Ans: a) it is less likely they are to become a bird‘s dinner
b) it is more likely they are to become a bird‘s dinner
c) because monarch butterflies taste good to birds

Q7: What did Ebright find in his project? ( b )

Ans: a) to see whether birds would eat viceroys
b) to see whether birds would eat monarchs
c) to see whether birds would eat viceroys and monarchs

Q8: What was the place of Ebright‘s project in the county science fair? ( a )
Ans: a) third b) first c) second

III. Read the following passage:

In high school Richard Ebright was a straight-A student. Because learning was easy,
he turned a lot of his energy ……………………………………………………………….
Travels of Monarch X, opened the world of science to him, Richard Ebright has never lost his
scientific curiosity.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Why was Richard Ebright a straight-A student in high school? ( a )

Ans: a) because learning was easy
b) because learning was not easy
c) because he was debating

Q2: Where did Ebright turn his energy towards? ( c )

Ans: a) towards studies b) towards research
c) towards the Debating and Model United Nations clubs

Q3: Who was Richard A Weiherer? ( b )

Ans: a) his science teacher b) his social studies teacher
c) his Physics teacher

Q4: What quality of Ebright pleased Richard most? ( a )

Ans: a) debating 3 or 4 hours at night
b) his interest in research
c) his research with butterflies
 65

Q5: What was Ebright really interested in? ( c )

Ans: a) winning for winning‘s sake
b) winning to get a prize
c) to do the best job he could.

Q6: What was one of the ingredients in the making of a scientist? ( a )

Ans: a) Ebright always does the best job he could do
b) Ebright‘s research on butterflies
c) Ebright‘s debating nature
Q7: Which quality of Ebright made him a scientist? ( c )
Ans: a) a first-rate mind
b) add curiosity and mix in the will to win for the right reasons
c) both a & b

Q8: Richard Ebright has never lost his----------------------- ( a )

Ans: a) scientific curiosity
b) interest in butterflies
c) debating attitude

CREATIVE EXPRESSION: [Link]. 35 (a) Conversation:

In the lesson „Mijbil the Otter‟ the narrator Gavin Maxwell was fond of pets. When
his pet dog died, he was thinking of brining another dog. At that moment he happened to
meet his friend. His friend advised him differently.

Now, write a possible conversation between the narrator and his friend.

N= The Narrator: F= Narrator‟s friend:

F: : Good morning Max…..

N : Very good morning my friend. Come in and be seated.

F : You are looking dull and sad. May I know the reason?
N : Nothing friend. I am O K.

F : No….no…. What‘s wrong with you?

N : You know my pet dog Jonnie. It died yesterday.

F : Oh! My God!. I am sorry to know this.

N : Mmmmm.

F : Why don‘t you take another dog as your pet?

N : No. I don‘t want a dog to be my pet anymore.

F : But you are fond of pets. Can you be normal without a pet?
N : That‘s the problem. My life would be lonely without a pet animal.

F : Then why don‘t you go for an Otter?

N : Otter….? Good idea. Where can I get it?

F : You can get an Otter in Tigris marshes.

 66

N : Are good Otters available there?

F : Yes. Otters are as common as mosquitoes in Tigris marshes and often tamed by
Arabs.
N : That‘s good. Let us get a good Otter for me right now.

F : You will definitely enjoy to have an Otter.

N : Thank you my friend for giving me a good advice. Have a good day.

[Link]. 35 (b): Description / Diary Entry:

In the lesson „Mijbil the Otter‟, Maxwell had a terrible experience with Mijbil in the
aircraft. He was pleased to get the support of the air hostess in that embarrassing
situation. He had to keep a watch on the otter which became highly intolerance.

Imagine yourself as Maxwell and describe the incident in the aircraft.

Ans: It was really terrible experience to bring my Mijbil from Basra to London. As the
British airline doesn‘t allow animals into the flights, I booked a flight to Paris first and then
to London. I packed Mijbil in a wooden box and left for a hurried meal. When I had come
back I noticed that there was silence in the box and there were stains of blood around the
airholes of the box. I noticed the lining was also torn. I somehow managed to reach the
airport with the box. Luckily my seat in the flight was extreme front. I tried to cover the box
with my feet and the newspaper. I gave a parcel of fish to the airhostess and requested her to
keep it in a cool place. The kind airhostess suggested me to keep the box on to my knee. To
my embarrassment Mijbil suddenly flashed out and disappeared making the passengers
squawk and shriek. I was distress but the airhostess comforted me and brought my Mijbil
back. At last, with great difficulty, I could bring my Mijbil to London.

[Link]. 35 (b) Descriptions / Diary Entry:

In the lesson „Mijbil the Otter‟ the narrator, Glen Maxwell lost his pet dog. He felt sad.
He was recalling the happy moments with the pet dog. He decided not to have a pet dog
this time.

Now, imagine that you are in the place of Glen Maxwell and describe your thoughts.

I'm still gutted about losing my furry mate. It's been tough coming to terms with the
fact that he's really gone. I keep thinking I'll see him wagging his tail or snuggling up on the
couch, but it's just not the same anymore.
To be honest, I've been thinking about getting another dog, but I just can't bring myself to do
it. It feels like I'd be replacing him, you know? Like I'm trying to fill the gap with a new
mate, but it wouldn't be the same.

I remember all the good times we had, from playing fetch in the backyard to cuddling
up on the couch for a nap. He was more than just a pet; he was a mate, a part of the family.
It's funny, I never thought I'd be the type of man to get so emotional about a pet, but he really
got under my skin. I guess that's what makes it so hard to let go."
 67

UNIT VII: MADAM RIDES THE BUS

[Link]. Word Meaning / Synonym Antonym

1 crept make way --
2 overwhelming irresistible, strong insignificant
3 wistfully longingly contentedly
4 discreet not likely to be seen obvious
5 gleaming shining brightly dull
6 devoured absorbed fully --
7 peered looked carefully --
8 ditch a pothole --
9 startle surprise --
10 haughtily proudly humbly
11 repulsive causing strong dislike attractive
12 painstaking diligent care and effort careless
13 temptation a strong urge repulsion
14 speck small village --
15 pedestrian a person travelling on foot --
16 glee joy sadness
17 speck a very small size --
18 glittering shining --
19 gape to look in surprise or wonder --
20 merchandise things for sale --
21 haunted returned repeatedly to the mind soothed
22 dampening reducing increasing
23 chit of a girl immature girl --

Key Points:

 Valli (full name: Valliammai) is an 8-year-old girl.

 She is curious and enjoys watching the street from her doorway.
 She has no friends her age in the neighborhood.
 Her greatest fascination is the village bus that goes to and from the nearby town.
 Watching the bus daily plants a strong desire in her to ride it.
 She listens carefully to others‘ conversations and gathers details about the journey:
o Distance: 6 miles
o Fare: 30 paise one way
o Duration: 45 minutes
 She calculates that she can go and return for 60 paise.
 She saves money carefully, giving up treats like peppermints, toys, and a merry-go-round ride
at the village fair.
 She plans to travel during her mother‘s afternoon nap from 1 to 4 PM.
 One day, she stops the bus and gets on alone, showing her confidence and independence.
 The conductor jokes with her, calling her ―madam‖.
 Valli refuses help and pays for her own ticket.
 She is amazed by the bus interior and the beautiful scenery outside.
 She stands on the seat to see better, despite advice from a concerned elderly man.
 She insists she‟s not a child and that she paid her fare.
 An old woman sits beside her, but Valli finds her repulsive due to her appearance and chewing
betel nut.
 Valli defends herself and enjoys the ride despite others‘ concerns.
 A young cow runs in front of the bus, refusing to move.
 Valli finds the situation hilarious and laughs uncontrollably.
 68

 The conductor teases her affectionately about saving some laughter for later.
 Valli sees big shops, crowds, and busy streets for the first time.
 The conductor invites her to explore or get a drink, but she refuses.
 She decides to return immediately on the same bus by paying another 30 paise.
 On the way back, she sees the same cow lying dead on the roadside.
 The cow's death saddens her and dampens her joy.
 The sight disturbs her deeply, showing her emotional maturity and ability to understand life
and death.
 Valli reaches home at 3:40 PM — still within her mother‘s nap time.
 Her mother and aunt are chatting, unaware of her adventure.
 Valli joins their conversation indirectly, smiling to herself.
 Her mother reflects on how much we don‟t know about the world, and Valli quietly agrees,
holding her secret close.

I. Read the following passage:

The most fascinating thing of all was the bus that travelled
………………………………………………………. understood the meaning of the word,
but they used it often as a slang expression of disapproval.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What was the most fascinating thing for Valli in her village?
Ans: The bus that traveled between her village and the nearest town.

Q2: How often did the bus pass through Valli‟s street?
Ans: The bus passed through her street each hour, once going to the town and once coming
back.

Q3: What emotion did Valli feel when she saw people getting on or off the bus?
Ans: She felt wistful, filled with longings, dreams, and hopes.
Q4: What wish gradually grew in Valli‟s mind?
Ans: Valli wanted to ride on the bus, even if just once.

Q5: How did Valli react when her friends tried to describe the sights of the town to
her?
Ans: She would be too jealous to listen and would shout, ―Proud! proud!‖

Q6: What language did Valli use to express her disapproval?

Ans: She used English to express her disapproval.

Q7: What was a source of unending joy for Valli? ( b )

a) Watching TV
b) Seeing the bus filled with new passengers
c) Playing with her friends

Q8: How did Valli‟s wish to ride the bus develop over time? ( b )
a) It slowly faded away.
b) It became an overwhelming desire.
c) She lost interest in it.

Q9: What did Valli shout when her friends described the sights of the town? ( b )
a) ―Boring! boring!‖
 69

b) ―Proud! proud!‖
c) ―Exciting! exciting!‖

Q10: How did Valli feel when one of her friends rode the bus? ( c )
a) Happy and curious
b) Indifferent
c) Jealous and unable to listen

Q11: What did Valli often do when the bus stopped at the street corner? ( a )
a) She stared wistfully at the passengers.
b) She ignored it completely.
c) She tried to get on the bus.

Q12: What did Valli and her friends not understand about the word “proud”? ( b )
a) They didn't know how to spell it.
b) They didn't really understand its meaning.
c) They thought it meant something positive.

II. Read the following passage:

―May we start now, madam?‖ the conductor asked, smiling. Then he blew
………………………. ―Listen, child,‖ said the voice, ―you shouldn‘t stand like that. Sit
down.‖
Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Who is the conductor addressing as ‗madam‘?

Ans: The conductor is addressing Valli as madam.

Q2: When did the bus move forward?

Ans: The bus moved forward when the conductor blew his whistle twice the bus moved
forward.

Q3: Describe the bus in which Valli was travelling?

Ans: It was a new bus, its outside painted a gleaming white with some green stripes along
the sides. Inside, the overhead bars shone like silver.

Q4: Where was the clock?

Ans: Directly in front of Valli, above the windshield, there was a beautiful clock.

Q5: How were the seats of the bus?

Ans: The seats of the bus were soft and luxurious.

Q6: What did Valli do during her journey?

Ans: Valli devoured everything with her eyes while she was travelling in the bus.

Q7: Why did Valli not able to have the complete outside view from the bus?
Ans: Valli found her view cut off by a canvas blind that covered the lower part of her
window.

Q8: Where was the road narrow? ( b )

Ans: a) near the village b) along the bank of a canal.
c) in the city
 70

Q9: What was all so wonderful for Valli? ( c )

Ans: a) canal, palm trees, grassland, distant mountains, blue sky
b) a deep ditch and then acres of green fields
c) both a & b

Q10: Why was everything so wonderful to Valli? ( a )

Ans: a) because it was Valli‘s first ever journey in the bus
b) because Valli didn‘t take permission from her parents
c) because the passengers in the bus treated her affectionately

Q11: What was Valli startled by? ( b )

Ans: a) the voice of the conductor
b) a voice
c) voice of passengers

III. Read the following passage:

Her first journey — what careful, painstaking, elaborate plans ……………………

her house or sometimes even ventured out into the village; today, these same hours could be
used for her first excursion outside the village.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: How did Valli save money for her first journey?
Ans: Valli saved money for her first journey by thriftily saving stray coins that came her
way, resisting the temptation to buy items like peppermints, toys, and balloons.

Q2: How much money did Valli manage to save for her journey?
Ans: Valli managed to save a total of sixty paise for her journey.

Q3: What temptation did Valli resist at the village fair?

Ans: Valli resisted the strong desire to ride the merry-go-round at the village fair, even
though she had the money for it.

Q4: How did Valli plan to leave the house without her mother knowing?
Ans: Valli planned to leave the house during her mother‘s nap time, which was usually
from about one to four in the afternoon.

Q5: What did Valli usually do during her mother‘s nap time?
Ans: During her mother‘s nap time, Valli usually stood looking from the doorway of her
house or sometimes ventured out into the village.

Q6: Why was this day special for Valli?

Ans: This day was special for Valli because she planned to use the hours of her mother‘s
nap for her first excursion outside the village.

Q7: How did Valli manage to save money for her journey? ( b )
Ans: a) By asking her mother for money
b) By saving stray coins that came her way
c) By selling her toys
 71

Q8: How much money did Valli save in total? ( c )

Ans: A) Thirty paise
B) Fifty paise
C) Sixty paise

Q9: What did Valli resist buying at the village fair? ( c )

Ans: A) Ice cream
B) Balloons
C) Merry-go-round ride

Q10: When did Valli plan to leave the house for her journey? ( b )
Ans: A) Early in the morning
B) During her mother‘s nap time
C) Late at night

Q11: What did Valli usually do during her mother‘s nap time? ( c )
Ans: A) Watched television
B) Played with friends
C) Looked from the doorway of her house or ventured into the village

Q12: Why did Valli find it difficult to save money for her journey? ( a )
Ans: A) Because she was tempted to buy sweets and toys
B) Because she lost some coins
C) Because her mother took her money

IV. Read the following passage:

Valli wasn‘t bored in the slightest and greeted everything with the same excitement
she‘d felt the first time. But suddenly she saw a young cow lying dead
……………………………………………………………………….stood up and stretched
herself. Then she turned to the conductor and said, ―Well, sir, 1 hope to see you again.‖
Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: How did Valli feel in the bus in her return journey?
Ans: Valli wasn‘t bored in the slightest and greeted everything with the same excitement
she‘d felt the first time.

Q2: What happened to the young cow?

Ans: The young cow had been struck by some fast-moving vehicle and died.

Q3: How did Valli feel when she saw the dead cow?
Ans: Valli felt very sad when she saw the dead cow.

Q4: What was so frightening?

Ans: It was so frightening as the cow lay there, legs spread eagled, a fixed stare in
its lifeless Eyes, blood all over.

Q5: Why did Valli glue to her seat?

Ans: Valli glued to her seat because she was haunted by the memory of the dead cow.

Q6: When did the bus reach her village?

Ans: The bus reached her village at three forty.
 72

Q7: What did Valli see suddenly? ( b )

Ans: a) the green fields b) young cow lying dead
c) her mother

Q8: Which memory haunted Valli? ( a )

Ans: a) the memory of the dead cow
b) the memory of the green fields
c) memory of the canal

Q9: How did Valli feel when she first saw everything on the journey? ( b )
Ans: a) Bored
b) Excited
c) Scared

Q10: What did Valli see by the roadside that saddened her? ( b )
Ans: a) A broken cart
b) A young cow lying dead
c) A tree fallen down

Q11: What did Valli remember about the cow? ( c )

Ans: a) It had been following the bus
b) It had been grazing by the roadside
c) It had run in front of the bus earlier on the trip

Q12: How did Valli‘s mood change after seeing the dead cow? ( b )
Ans: a) She became more excited
b) She felt sad and her enthusiasm was dampened
c) She felt indifferent

Q13: What did Valli say to the conductor when the bus reached her village? ( c )
Ans: a) ―Goodbye, sir.‖
b) ―Thank you, sir.‖
c) ―I hope to see you again, sir.‖

UNIT VII: THE TALE OF CUSTARD THE DRAGON (Poem)

I. Read the following stanzas:

Belinda lived in a little white house,

With a little black kitten and a little grey mouse,
………………………………………………..
Mouth like a fireplace, chimney for a nose,
And realio, trulio daggers on his toes.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Where did Belinda live?

Ans: Belinda lived in a little house/

Q2: What are the four pets mentioned in the poem?

 73

Ans: The four pets are black kitten, grey mouse, little yellow dog and a little dragon.

Q3: What did Belinda have along with her pets?

Ans: Belinda had a red wagon.

Q4: What are the names of the pets?

Ans: The names of the pets are Ink, Blink, Mustard and Custard.

Q5: Why did she call the dog as Mustard?

Ans: She called the dog as Mustard because its colour was sharp.

Q6: What kind of an animal was Custard?

Ans: Custard was coward.

Q7: How were Dragon‘s teeth?

Ans: Dragon‘s teeth were big and sharp.

Q8: What had the Dragon‘s mouth been compared to?

Ans: The Dragon‘s mouth had been compared to a fire place.

Q9: Which part of the Custard resembled daggers?

Ans: The toes of Custard resembled daggers.

Q10: What did Custand have on its top?

Ans: The Custand had spikes on its top.

Q11: Who lived in the little house?

Ans: Belinda with her pets lived in the little house.

Q12: How many pets did she have? ( c )

Ans: a) one pet b) two pets c) four pets

Q13: What is the colour of the kitten? ( b )

Ans: a) grey b) black c) red

Q14: Which pet animal was named as Custard? ( c )

Ans: a) mouse b) dog c) dragon

Q15: Which animal is called Blink? ( a )

Ans: a) mouse b) kitten c) dog

II. Read the following stanzas

Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears,

And Ink and Blink chased lions down the stairs,
………………………………………………..
Percival, They all sat laughing in the little red wagon
At the realio, trulio, cowardly dragon.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What is Belinda‘s bravery compared to?

 74

Ans: Belinda‘s bravery is compared to the bravery of a barrel full of bears.

Q2: How brave was Belinda?

Ans: Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears.

Q3: Who can chase the lion down to stairs?

Ans: Ink and Blink can chase the lion down the stairs.

Q4: How brave was Mustard?

Ans: Mustard was as brave as an angry tiger.

Q5: What did Custard try for?

Ans: Custard tried for a nice safe cage.

Q6: Who called Dragon as Percival?

Ans: Ink, Blink and Mustard called Dragon as Percival.

Q7: Where did they all sit and laugh?

Ans: They all sit and laugh in a little wagon.

Q8: Who was being made fun of?

Ans: Custard, the Dragon, was being made fun of.

Q9: Who was compared to a tiger in bravery? ( a )

Ans: a) Mustard b) Custard c) Belinda

Q10: Who wanted to be in a safe cage? ( a )

Ans: a) Custard b) Ink c) Mustard

Q11: Whom did Belinda tickle? ( b )

Ans: a) Ink b) Custard c) Blink

Q12: Whom did Ink and Blink chase? ( c )

Ans: a) tiger b) Belinda c) lions

III. Read the following stanzas:

Suddenly, suddenly they heard a nasty sound,

And Mustard growled, and they all looked around.
…………………………………………………..
His beard was black, one leg was wood;
It was clear that the pirate meant no good.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What did all of them hear suddenly?

Ans: All of them suddenly heard a nasty sound.

Q2: Why did they cry?

Ans: Because they heard a nasty sound.

Q3: Whom did they see?

 75

Ans: The saw a pirate climbing the window.

Q4: What was the pirate doing?

Ans: The pirate was climbing the window of the house.

Q5: What did he have in his hands?

Ans: He had pistols in both the hands.

Q6: What did the pirate bring?

Ans: The pirate brought two pistols and a sword.

Q7: How was the pirate?

Ans: He had a black beard and a leg made of wood.

Q8: What kind of a man was pirate?

Ans: He was not a good man.

Q9: Who was coming into the house? ( a )

Ans: a) a pirate b) Belinda c) Dragon

Q10: Where did the pirate hold the sword? ( b )

Ans: a) in his hands b) in his teeth c) on his head

Q11: What was clear about the pirate? ( c )

Ans: a) good b) not good c) growled

S R : UNIT VII: THE NECKLACE

I. Read the following passage:

When she seated herself for dinner opposite her husband who uncovered the tureen
with a delighted air, saying, ……………………………………………………………….
envelope. ―Here,‖ he said, ―here is something for you.‖ She quickly drew out a printed card on
which were inscribed these words

The Minister of Public Instruction and Madame George

ask the honour of M. and Mme Loisel‟s company.
Monday evening, January 18, at the Minister‟s residence.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What was Mme. Loisel‘s reaction when her husband uncovered the tureen? ( b )
a) She felt content with her life.
b) She thought of elegant dinners and exquisite food.
c) She was excited about the potpie.

Q2: What did Mme. Loisel lack in her life that caused her distress? ( b )
a) A loving family
b) Frocks and jewels
c) A comfortable home
 76

Q3: How did Mme. Loisel feel about visiting her rich friend from the convent? ( c )
a) Happy and content
b) Excited to see her
c) She suffered and felt despair

Q4: What did Mme. Loisel‘s husband bring home one evening? ( b )
a) A gift for her
b) A large envelope
c) A piece of jewelry

Q5: What was inside the large envelope that Mme. Loisel‘s husband brought home? ( b )
a) Money
b) A printed card with an invitation
c) A letter from her friend

Q6: Who invited M. and Mme. Loisel to the event? ( b )

a) Mme. Loisel's rich friend
b) The Minister of Public Instruction and Madame George
c) The Mayor of the town

Q7: On what date was the event that M. and Mme. Loisel were invited to? ( b )
a) January 10
b) January 18
c) January 28

Q8: Where was the event to be held? ( a )

a) At the Minister‘s residence
b) At Mme. Loisel‘s friend‘s house
c) At a banquet hall

Q9: How did Mme. Loisel react to her husband's delight over the potpie? ( b)
a) She shared his excitement.
b) She thought of more luxurious foods.
c) She ignored him.

Q10: What emotion did Mme. Loisel feel when she returned from visiting her rich friend?
( c )
a) Happiness
b) Jealousy
c) Despair and disappointment
Q11. Why did Mme. Loisel avoid visiting her rich friend? ( b )
a) She didn't like her friend.
b) She felt immense sorrow after visiting.
c) She was too busy with her own life.

Q12: What did Mme. Loisel desire most in her life? ( b )

a) A family
b) Riches and luxury
c) A fulfilling career
 77

I. Read the following passage:

The day of the ball arrived. Mme Loisel was a great success. She was the prettiest of
all — elegant, gracious, smiling and full of joy……………………………………………..
hailing the coachmen whom they saw at a distance. They walked along toward the river,
hopeless and shivering.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Why did all men notice her and ask her name? ( b )
Ans: a) because she was the wife of a clerk
b) because she was the prettiest woman at the party
c) because she was the richest woman at the party

Q2: How did Mme Loisel enjoy at the ball? ( a )

Ans: a) elegant, gracious, smiling, and full of joy
b) she was not noticed by the men
c) unhappy and dissatisfied

Q3: How did she dance at the ball? ( b )

Ans: a) professionally b) with enthusiasm c) with her husband

Q4: How was this memory in her heart? ( a )

Ans: a) complete and sweet b) complete but unhappy
c) incomplete and sweet

Q5: When did she reach home? ( c )

Ans: a) the next day b) at midnight c) towards four o‘ clock in the morning

Q6: Where had her husband been since midnight on the day of ball? ( a )
Ans: a) in one of the little salons b) at the ball c) at the dining table

Q7: What did her husband throw around her shoulders? ( b )

Ans: a) rich furs b) modest wraps c) a shawl

Q8: Why did she wish to hurry away from the ball? ( c )
Ans: a) because it was already 4 O‘ clock in the morning
b) because she was very tired of dancing
c) because she didn‘t like to be noticed by the other rich woman

Q9: ―I am going to call a cab‖ Who said these words? ( b )

Ans: a) Mme Loisel b) Loisel c) a rich woman

Q10: What did the couple find in the street? ( b )

Ans: a) a carriage b) no carriage c) a cab

III. Read the following passage:

She approached her. ―Good morning, Jeanne.‖ Her friend did not recognise her and
was astonished to be so …………………………………………………………………….
Mme Forestier was touched and took both her hands as she replied, ―Oh! My poor Matilda!
Mine were false. They were not worth over five hundred francs!‖
 78

Now, answer the following questions:

1. How did Mme. Forestier react when Matilda greeted her? ( b )

a) She immediately recognized her.
b) She was astonished and did not recognize her.
c) She ignored her completely.

2. What was Matilda's initial reaction when Mme. Forestier did not recognize her?
( b )
a) She walked away.
b) She introduced herself.
c) She felt insulted.
3. What had caused Matilda‟s physical change, according to her? ( b )
a) An illness
b) Hard and miserable days
c) A difficult marriage

4. Why did Matilda blame Mme. Forestier for her hardships? ( b )

a) Because Mme. Forestier had stolen from her.
b) Because Matilda lost the diamond necklace that Mme. Forestier had lent
her.
c) Because Mme. Forestier refused to help her.

5. What was Mme. Forestier‟s initial reaction when Matilda said she lost the
necklace? ( c )
a) She was angry.
b) She was indifferent.
c) She was surprised.
6. How long did it take Matilda and her husband to pay for the replacement
necklace? ( b )
a) Five years
b) Ten years
c) Fifteen years
7. What emotion did Matilda feel after revealing the truth to Mme. Forestier? ( b )
a) Anger
b) Proud and simple joy
c) Sadness
8. What was Mme. Forestier's reaction when she learned that Matilda replaced the
necklace? ( b )
a) She was indifferent.
b) She was touched and sympathetic.
c) She was angry.
9. What did Mme. Forestier reveal about the original necklace? ( c )
a) It was a family heirloom.
b) It was a rare and valuable diamond.
c) It was made of false stones and worth only five hundred francs.
10. How did Matilda react when she learned the truth about the necklace? (b )
a) She fainted.
b) The passage does not specify her reaction.
c) She laughed.
11. Why did Mme. Forestier take both of Matilda‟s hands at the end of the
 79

conversation? ( a )
a) To offer comfort and express sympathy
b) To congratulate her
c) To demand the original necklace back
12. What can be inferred about Matilda‟s life after paying for the necklace? ( b )

a) She became wealthy and happy.

b) She lived a life of hardship and poverty.
c) She was indifferent to her situation.

CREATIVE EXPRESSION: [Link]. 35 (a) Conversation:

There was an eight-year old girl named Valli. She wanted to experience bus journey to the
nearest city. She planned about it and one day she got into the bus.

Now, write a possible conversation between Valli and the bus conductor:

(V = Valli C = Conductor)

V : Stop the bus! Stop the bus! .............. (the bus slowed down)
C : ―Hurry then! Tell whoever it is to come quickly.‖
V : It‘s me. I am the one who has to get on.
C: : Oh, really! You don‘t say so!

V : Yes. I simply have to go to town.‖

C : Ok Ok, but first you must get on the bus. (stretched out a hand)

V : Never mind. I can get on by myself. You don‘t have to help me.
C : Oh! please don‘t be angry with me, my fine madam. Have a seat right up there in
front……. Many we start now madam?

V : Yes. Please give me a ticket to the town. How much should I pay?
C : Thirty paise.

V : Take this amount and give me the ticket.

C : Here is your ticket madam!.. (smiling)

AT THE TOWN:

C : Hey, lady! Aren‘t you ready to get off? This is the last stop of the bus.
V : No. I am going back on this same bus.

C : Why, is something the matter?

V : No, nothing‘s the matter. I just felt like having a bus ride, that‘s all.

C : Don‘t you want to have a look at the sights of the town?

V : No. I am afraid of doing that.

C : Then why don‘t you go to the stall over there and have something to drink?
V : No. I couldn‘t do that. I don‘t have enough money.

C : Ok. No problem. I will get a drink for you as a treat to you.

 80

V : No…no…. I won‘t drink. Please give me a ticket to back to my village.

[Link]. 35 (b): Description / Diary Entry:

At last Valli has realised her dread of having a bus ride. She enjoyed her ride to the
town very much. She felt very happy.

Now, imagine that you are in the place of Valli and make a diary entry about the bus trip.

04-10-2025
10 PM.

Deary diary,

What an exciting day today in my life. Today my dream, to have a bus rides, has
come true. It‘s really a wonderful experience. I have taken the 1 PM trip of the bus because
my mother will have a nap after lunch and I came back by 2.45 PM before she gets up.
Between my village and the town, the sight is really beautiful. I enjoyed many things when
the bus was going along the bank of a canal and beyond it, palm trees, grassland, distant
mountains, and the blue sky. On the other side was a deep ditch and then acres and acres of
green fields, green as far as the eye could see. I also enjoyed that a cow running very fast,
right in the middle of the road, right in front of the bus. But I felt very sad when I noticed in
my return journey, the same cow was dashed down to death by a vehicle. I came back home
with great excitement of my bus ride which will last long in my memory.

Good night.

UNIT VIII: THE SERMON AT BENARES

Glossary

[Link]. Word Meaning / Synonym Antonym

1 sacred holy secular
2 scriptures the holy writings of a religion --
3 befitted appropriate inappropriate
4 shielded protected unshielded
5 alms money or food given to poor people --
6 enlightenment a state of high spiritual knowledge ignorance
7 vowed a serious promise to do something --
8 awakened enlightened suppressed
9 sermon a talk on a religious or moral subject praise
10 inscrutable impossible to understand transparent
11 procure obtain --
12 weary feeling extreme tiredness --
13 flickered shone unsteadily --
14 extinguished put out lit
15 valley of place filled with deep sorrow --
desolation
 81

16 mortals those bound to die immortals

17 earthen made of baked or fired clary --
18 kinsmen near relatives --
19 lamenting expressing sorrow cheerful
20 slaughter the killing of animals for their meat --
21 afflicted affected --
22 inscrutable impossible to understand or interpret transparent

Key Points:

 Born as Siddhartha Gautama around 563 B.C. in a royal family in northern India.
 At the age of 12, he was sent for education in Hindu sacred scriptures.
 Married at the age of 16 and had a son, living a life of luxury for 10 years.
 At 25, he encountered the realities of life — a sick man, an old man, a dead body, and a monk.
 These sights deeply moved him and made him leave his palace in search of truth and
enlightenment.
 He wandered for 7 years and then meditated under a peepal tree, vowing not to move until he
attained enlightenment.
 After seven days, he attained enlightenment and became known as the Buddha (The
Enlightened One).
 The tree he meditated under became known as the Bodhi Tree (Tree of Wisdom).
 His first sermon was delivered at Benares, a holy city by the River Ganges.
 Kisa Gotami, a woman, lost her only son and was filled with grief.
 She went door-to-door in her village, asking for medicine to cure her dead child.
 People thought she had lost her senses, but one man directed her to Gautama Buddha.
 Kisa Gotami begged Buddha to give her medicine for her son.
 Buddha told her he could help — but she must bring a handful of mustard seeds.
 The condition: it must come from a house where no one has ever died — not a child, parent,
husband, or friend.
 She went from house to house and found mustard seeds, but every house had experienced death.
 People told her, ―The living are few, the dead are many.‖
 She sat down by the roadside, watching the city lights flicker and fade, realizing the
impermanence of life.
 She understood that death is common to all, and her grief was selfish.
 This realization marked her spiritual transformation — she saw the path to peace lies in
overcoming selfish grief.
 Buddha explains that life is full of suffering, short and uncertain.
 Death is inevitable — all who are born must die.
 Just as ripe fruits fall, and pottery breaks, all humans are destined to perish.
 Neither the wise nor the foolish, nor even relatives can escape death or save others from it.
 Lamentation (weeping and grieving) only brings more suffering; it does not bring back the
dead.
 One must draw out the arrow of grief and learn to be composed.
 A person who overcomes sorrow finds peace of mind, freedom, and blessing.

I. Read the following passage:

They had a son and lived for ten years as befitted royalty. At about the age of twenty-
five, the Prince, …………………………………………………………………………….
Buddha preached his first sermon at the city of Benares, most holy of the dipping places on
the River Ganges;

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What significant events led the Prince to seek enlightenment?

 82

Ans: The Prince witnessed a sick man, an aged man, a funeral procession, and a monk
begging for alms, which moved him to seek enlightenment.

Q2: How long did the Prince wander before sitting under the peepal tree?
Ans: The Prince wandered for seven years before sitting under the peepal tree.

Q3: What did the Prince vow when he sat under the peepal tree?
Ans: He vowed to stay under the tree until enlightenment came to him.

Q4: What was the peepal tree renamed after the Prince attained enlightenment?
Ans: The peepal tree was renamed the Bodhi Tree (Tree of Wisdom).

Q5: Where did the Buddha preach his first sermon?

Ans: The Buddha preached his first sermon in the city of Benares.

Q6: What title did the Prince receive after becoming enlightened?
Ans: The Prince became known as the Buddha (the Awakened or the Enlightened).

Q7: What was the Prince shielded from before he witnessed the four significant sights?
( b )
Ans: a) Wealth
b) Sufferings of the world
c) Knowledge

Q8: What did the Prince do after being moved by the four sights? ( c )
Ans: a) Returned to the palace
b) Continued hunting
c) Went out into the world to seek enlightenment

Q9: How many days did the Prince meditate under the peepal tree before attaining
enlightenment? ( a )
Ans: a) Seven days
b) Seven years
c) Seven weeks

Q10: What is the meaning of the title "Buddha"? ( b )

Ans: a) The Wise One
b) The Awakened or the Enlightened
c) The Holy One

Q11: What river is associated with the city of Benares, where the Buddha preached his first
sermon? ( c )
Ans: a) Yamuna
b) Saraswati
c) Ganges

Q12: What did the monk in the story symbolize for the Prince? ( b )
Ans: a) Suffering
b) Enlightenment
c) Wealth
 83

I. Read the following passage:

Kisa Gotami had an only son, and he died. In her grief …………………………..
―Alas! the living are few, but the dead are many. Do not remind us of our deepest grief.‖ And
there was no house but some beloved one had died in it.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Who had an only son?

Ans: Kisa Gotami had an only son.

Q2: What happened to her only son?

Ans: Kisa Gotami‘s only son died.

Q3: Why did she carry her dead child to all her neighbours?
Ans: Kisa Gotami carried her dead child to all her neighbours, asking them for medicine.

Q4: What did the people say when she was asking for medicine for his dead son?
Ans: The people said that Kisa Gotami had lost her senses, the boy was dead.

Q5 What did the man reply Kisa Gotami‘s request?

Ans: The man replied that he couldn‘t give her medicine for her child but he knew a
physician who could.

Q6: What did Kisa Gotami request Budha?

Ans: Kisa Gotami requested Budha to give her the medicine that would cure her son.

Q7: What was the condition Budha asked Kisa Gotami to follow in bringing
the handful of custard seeds?
Ans: The mustard seeds must be taken from a house where no one has lost a child,
husband, parent or friend.

Q8: What did Kisa Gotami realise at the end of her search for mustard seeds?
Ans: After searching for mustards seeds, Kisa Gotami realised that death is common to all.

Q9: What reply did the man give to her request? ( c )

Ans: a) I can give you medicine
b) I can make your son alive
c) I can‘t give you the medicine but I knew a physician who could

Q10: The man replied, ―Go to --------------------- ( a )

Ans: a) Sakyamuni, the Budha
b) a great physician
c) none of the above

Q11: What did Budha ask Kisa Gotami to bring? ( b )

Ans: a) some medicine he prescribed
b) a handful of mustard seeds
c) some money

Q12: Did Kisa Gotami find a home without a death? ( b )

 84

Ans: a) Yes. She found such home

b) No. She didn‘t find
c) none of the above

III. Read the following questions:

Kisa Gotami became weary and hopeless, and sat down at the wayside watching the
lights of the city, as they flickered
……………………………………………………………….. of mortals. Both young and
adult, both those who are fools and those who are wise, all fall into the power of death; all are
subject to death.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Why did Kisa Gotami become weary and hopeless?

Ans: Kisa Gotami became weary and hopeless because she realised that she couldn‘t save
her son.

Q2: What was Kisa Gotami doing in her hopelessness?

Ans: Kisa Gotami sad down at the wayside watching the lights of the city.

Q3: What did Kisa Gotami consider at last?

Ans: Kisa Gotami considered the fate of men that their lives flicker up and are extinguished
again.

Q4: What did she think to herself?

Ans: She thought to herself, ―How selfish am I in my grief‖.
Q5: What is the life of mortals combined with according Budha?
Ans: According to Budha the life of mortals in this world is troubled and brief and
combined with pain.

Q6: What is inevitable to all those who have been born?

Ans: Death is inevitable to all those who have been born.

Q7: What examples are mentioned about the death of mortals?

Ans: Two examples have been mentioned in the above text.
1. As ripe fruits fall to the ground
2. Vessels made by a potter end in being broken

Q8: What did Kisa Gotami realize as she watched the lights of the city? ( b )
Ans: a) Life is eternal and unchanging
b) Life is brief and flickers like the lights
c) Life is full of joy and happiness

Q9: What did Kisa Gotami conclude about her grief? ( b )

Ans: a) It was justified and unique
b) It was selfish and common to all
c) It was an illusion
 85

Q10: What path did Kisa Gotami find in her valley of desolation? ( b )
Ans: a) A path leading to wealth and power
b) A path leading to immortality through selflessness
c) A path leading to revenge

Q11: What did the Buddha say about the life of mortals? ( c )
Ans: a) It is eternal and free from pain
b) It is troubled, brief, and combined with pain
c) It is full of joy and endless

Q12: What metaphor did the Buddha use to describe the life of mortals? ( a )
Ans: a) Ripe fruits that are in danger of falling
b) A river that flows endlessly
c) A tree that stands strong and tall
Q13: According to the Buddha, what is the nature of all living beings? ( b )
Ans: a) They are immortal and eternal
b) They are always in danger of death
c) They are free from suffering

Q14: Where did Kisa Gotami sit hopelessly? ( a )

Ans: a) at the wayside hopelessly.
b) at the feet of Budha
c) at her son‘s dead body

Q15: What is common to all? ( b )

Ans: a) rich birth b) death c) good life

Q16: Who are subject to death? ( c )

Ans: a) both young and adult
b) both fools and wise
c) both a & b

UNIT VIII: FOR ANNE GREGORY (Poem)

Read the following poem:

―Never shall a young man,

Thrown into despair
………………………………….
Could love you for yourself alone
And not your yellow hair.‖

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What is presented in the poem?

Ans: Love between a man and a woman is presented in the poem.

Q2: What does the phrase ‗thrown into despair‘ mean?

Ans: The phrase ‗thrown into despair‘ means disappointed in love.
 86

Q3: What is the poet‘s advice to young men regarding love?

Ans: The poet advises the young men to love pure hearts.

Q4: What did the religious man declare the previous night?
Ans: The religious man declared that God only loves you for yourself and not
your yellow hair.

Q5: What colour are the "ramparts" mentioned in the poem?

Ans: Honey-coloured.

Q6: What does the young woman consider doing to her hair?
Ans: She considers dyeing it brown, black, or carrot.

Q7: According to the poem, why might young men be in despair?

Ans: They might be in despair because of the young woman's beauty, particularly her
yellow hair.

Q8: What color does the young woman NOT consider dyeing her hair? ( c )
Ans: a) Brown
b) Black
c) Red

Q9: What part of the young woman‘s appearance is described as ―ramparts‖? ( b )

Ans: a) Her eyes
b) Her hair
c) Her smile

Q10: Who can love us for who we are and not for how we look? ( b )
Ans: a) Poet b) God c) Young men

Q11: What does the girl think she can do to get rid of lovers? ( a )
Ans: a) dye her hair b) cut her hair c) cover her hair

Q12: What does the girl want? ( b )

Ans: a) to be loved for her hair
b) to be loved for herself
c) to be loved for her appearance

S.R. UNIT VIII: BHOLI

I. Read the following passage”

Bholi was seven years old when Mangla was married. The same year
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
with her ugly face and lack of sense. Let the teachers at school worry about her.‖

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: How old was Bholi when Mangla got married? ( b )

Ans; a) Six years old
b) Seven years old
c) Eight years old
 87

Q2: What significant event happened in the village the same year Mangla was
married? ( b )
Ans: a) A hospital was opened
b) A primary school for girls was opened
c) A new market was established

Q3: Who came to perform the opening ceremony of the girls' primary school?
( b )
Ans: a) The village headman
b) The Tehsildar sahib
c) The school principal

Q4: What role did the Tehsildar sahib say Ramlal had in the village? ( b )
Ans; a) The village priest
b) The government representative
c) The school teacher

Q5: Why did the Tehsildar sahib insist that Ramlal send his daughters to school?
( b )
Ans: a) To receive free education
b) To set an example for the villagers
c) To avoid paying extra taxes

Q6: What was Ramlal's wife's initial reaction to the idea of sending their daughters
to school? ( c )
Ans: a) She was excited
b) She was supportive
c) She was upset and cried

Q7: According to Ramlal's wife, what would happen if girls went to school? ( b )
Ans: a) They would become doctors
b) They would not get married
c) They would bring honour to the family
Q8: Why did Ramlal's wife agree to send Bholi to school? ( c )
Ans: a) Because Bholi was the youngest daughter
b) Because Bholi wanted to go
c) Because she thought Bholi had little chance of getting married

Q9: What did Ramlal's wife think about Bholi's appearance and intelligence? ( b )
Ans: a) She believed Bholi was very smart and beautiful
b) She believed Bholi was ugly and lacked sense
c) She believed Bholi was average in appearance and intelligence

Q10: Who did Ramlal's wife suggest should take responsibility for Bholi? ( a )
Ans: a) The school teachers
b) The village elders
c) The Tehsildar sahib
 88

II. Read the following passage:

When they reached the school, the children were already in their classrooms. Ramlal
handed over his daughter ………………………………………………………………….
just like their Lakshmi. And suddenly Bholi noticed that the teacher was standing by her
side, smiling at her.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Where were the children when Bholi and Ramlal reached the school? ( b )
Ans: a) Playing outside
b) In their classrooms
c) In the playground

Q2: To whom did Ramlal hand over Bholi at the school? ( c )

Ans: a) The class teacher
b) The principal
c) The headmistress

Q3: How did Bholi feel when she was left alone at the school? ( c )
Ans: a) Excited
b) Angry
c) Fearful
Q4: What were the other girls in the classrooms doing? ( b )
Ans: a) Playing games
b) Reading from books or writing on slates
c) Singing songs

Q5: Where did the headmistress ask Bholi to sit? ( b )

Ans: a) In the front row
b) In a corner of one of the classrooms
c) Outside the classroom

Q6: What fascinated Bholi in the classroom? ( b )

Ans: a) The teacher's voice
b) The pictures on the wall
c) The noise of the students

Q7: Which animal in the picture reminded Bholi of the Tehsildar‟s visit?
Ans: a) The horse
b) The goat
c) The cow

Q8: What was the color of the parrot in the picture Bholi saw? ( c )
Ans: a) Brown
b) Black
c) Green

Q9: Which animal in the picture resembled Bholi's neighbour's goat? ( c )

Ans: a) The cow
b) The parrot
c) The goat
 89

Q10: What did Bholi notice about the teacher at the end of the passage? ( b )
Ans: a) The teacher was angry
b) The teacher was standing by her side, smiling
c) The teacher was leaving the classroom

III. Read the following passage:

―Pitaji! Take back your money. I am not going to marry this man.‖

Ramlal was thunderstruck. The guests began to whisper, ―So shameless! So ugly and
so shameless!‖ ―Bholi, are you crazy?‖ shouted Ramlal. ―You want to disgrace your family?
Have some regard for our izzat!‖ ―For the sake of your izzat,‖ said Bholi, ―I was willing to
marry this lame old man.
But I will not have such a mean, greedy and contemptible coward as my husband. I
won‘t, I won‘t, I won‘t.‖ ―What a shameless girl! We all thought she was a harmless dumb
cow.‖ Bholi turned violently on the old woman, ―Yes, Aunty, you are right. You all thought I
was a dumb–driven cow. That‘s why you wanted to hand me over to this heartless creature.
But now the dumb cow, the stammering fool, is speaking. Do you want to hear more?‖
Bishamber Nath, the grocer, started to go back with his party. The confused bandsmen
thought this was the end of the ceremony and struck up a closing song. Ramlal stood rooted
to the ground, his head bowed low with the weight of grief and shame.

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What does Bholi ask her father to do with the money? ( b )
Ans: a) Give it to her husband
b) Take it back
c) Donate it

Q2: How did Ramlal react to Bholi's refusal to marry? ( b )

Ans: a) He was relieved
b) He was thunderstruck
c) He was happy

Q3: What did the guests whisper about Bholi? ( c )

Ans: a) That she was brave
b) That she was beautiful
c) That she was ugly and shameless

Q4: Why did Bholi initially agree to marry Bishamber Nath? ( b )

Ans: a) Because she loved him
b) For the sake of her family's izzat (honour)
c) Because she was forced to

Q5: What qualities did Bholi accuse Bishamber Nath of having? ( b )

Ans: a) Kindness and generosity
b) Meanness, greed, and cowardice
c) Bravery and honesty
 90

Q6: How did the guests describe Bholi before she spoke up? ( b )
Ans: a) As a clever girl
b) As a harmless dumb cow
c) As a rebellious child

Q7: How did Bholi respond to being called a “dumb cow”? ( c )

Ans: a) She remained silent
b) She agreed with them
c) She turned violently and spoke out against it

Q8: What did the confused bandsmen do when Bishamber Nath started to leave? ( b )
Ans: a) They continued playing
b) They struck up a closing song
c) They left with him
Q9: How did Ramlal feel at the end of the passage? ( b )
Ans: a) Proud and relieved
b) Rooted to the ground with grief and shame
c) Angry and aggressive

Q10: What did Bholi challenge the people to do after speaking up? ( a )
Ans: a) To listen to her further
b) To leave the ceremony
c) To marry her

CREATIVE EXPRESSION: [Link]. 35 (a): Conversation:

Conversation between Budha and Kisa Gotami.

Kisa Gotami: Great Buddha, I am in deep sorrow. My only son has died, and I am desperate
to bring him back to life. Can you help me?

Buddha: Kisa Gotami, I understand your pain. To bring your son back, you must find a
mustard seed from a household that has never experienced death.

Kisa Gotami: Thank you, Buddha. I will do as you say and find this mustard seed.

(After visiting many homes, Kisa Gotami returns to Buddha.)

Buddha: Kisa Gotami, did you find the mustard seed?

Kisa Gotami: No, Buddha. Every household I visited has experienced the death of a loved
one. I now understand that death is a part of life and comes to everyone.

Buddha: Yes, Kisa Gotami, death is inevitable for all living beings. Understanding this
helps us to accept the reality of life and find peace.

Kisa Gotami: Thank you, Buddha, for teaching me this important lesson. I now realize that
my grief is part of the human experience, and I must learn to accept it.

Buddha: It is through acceptance and understanding that we find freedom from

suffering. Let this lesson guide you toward enlightenment and peace.
 91

[Link]. 35 (a) Conversation:

A conversation in very simple english between Bholi and her father in the context that
Bholi refused to marry Bishambar.

Father: Bholi, why did you refuse to marry Bishambar?

Bholi: Father, Bishambar is not a good man. He only agreed to marry me because
you offered a dowry.

Father: But Bholi, I was worried about your future. I thought he would take care of
you.
Bholi: Father, I want a husband who respects me, not someone who only cares about
money.

Father: Is Bishambar not that kind?

Bholi: No. Bishambar doesn‘t care for me. He insulted me in front of everyone.

Father: I am sorry, Bholi. I didn‘t want you to suffer. I thought this marriage would be
good for you.
Bholi: Father, you have always loved me. You have taught me to be brave. I want to
live with dignity. I am ready to take care of myself.

Father: You are right, Bholi. You have grown up to be a strong and wise girl. I am
proud of you. I will support you in whatever you choose.
Bholi: Thank you, Father. With your support, I know I can face anything.

UNIT IX: THE PROPOSAL

Glossary

[Link]. Word Meaning / Synonym Antonym

1 pardon to excuse condemn
2 consent to give permission for something refuse
3 trembling to shake slightly as you are afraid --
4 lunatic a crazy person --
5 meadow a place for grazing cattle --
6 marsh a place with loose earth and water --
7 reckon believed --
8 mower a person who cuts grass --
9 hoarse loud smooth
10 restrain to stop somebody from doing something free
11 accustomed habituated unaccustomed
12 agitating disturbing calm
13 intriguer cheater --
14 malicious having or showing a desire to cause kind
harm
15 stagger to move unsteadily from side to side --
16 imprudence quality of not showing respect for others prudence
17 wail to cry --
18 pretend assume real
19 worn-out tired --
 92

20 hysterics a highly emotional --

21 tracking hunting --
22 bliss complete happiness misery

Key Points:
 The story begins with the introduction of Ivan Vassilevitch Lomov, a nervous
and anxious landowner, who decides to propose to Natalya Stepanovna, his neighbour.
 Lomov visits Chubukov‘s house with the intention of proposing to Natalya, but he is
extremely nervous and hesitant.
 Chubukov, Natalya‘s father, warmly welcomes Lomov, thinking he has come for some
business matter, not realising the true purpose of the visit.
 Lomov tries to gather courage to propose to Natalya but instead starts talking about his
land and property.
 The conversation between Lomov and Natalya shifts to Oxen Meadows, a piece of land
that both families claim ownership of.
 Natalya and Lomov start arguing fiercely about who owns Oxen Meadows, completely
forgetting about the marriage proposal.
 Chubukov hears the argument and joins in, taking his daughter‘s side, which escalates the
fight further.
 Lomov, frustrated and upset by the argument, leaves the house without proposing to
Natalya.
 After Lomov leaves, Chubukov tells Natalya that Lomov had come to propose. Natalya
becomes extremely upset, realising she drove away her suitor.
 Natalya demands that her father bring Lomov back quickly. It shows her eagerness to
accept the proposal.
 Chubukov runs fast to bring Lomov back. Lomov returns, still nervous and shaky from the
earlier argument.
 As soon as Lomov returns, he and Natalya begin arguing again, this time about the
superiority of their dogs, Squeezer and Guess.
 Chubukov tries to calm them down, realising that the proposal might be lost again due to
their constant fighting.
 The heated argument and Lomov‘s poor health cause him to faint, which shocks both
Natalya and Chubukov.
 As Lomov regains consciousness, Chubukov urges them to hurry and get married. Natalya
quickly agrees to the proposal.
 Chubukov gives his blessing to the couple, making the marriage proposal official, even
though they continue to argue.
 The chapter highlights how issues like property and status can overshadow genuine
feelings in relationships.
 The constant bickering between Lomov and Natalya shows how ego and stubbornness can
lead to unnecessary conflicts.
 Despite the serious themes, the chapter is filled with humour, especially in the way the
characters argue over trivial matters.
 The story ends with Lomov and Natalya getting engaged, but their future together seems
uncertain due to their argumentative nature.
 93

I. Read the following text:

LOMOV : It‘s cold... I‘m trembling all over, just as if I‘d got an examination
…………………………………………………………………..a bit and lie down again, but
as soon as I begin to get off to sleep there‘s another pull! And this may happen twenty
times... [Natalya Stepanovna comes in.]

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Why is Lomov trembling all over?

Ans: He is trembling because he is nervous, as if he has an examination before him.

Q2: What does Lomov think will happen if he hesitates or looks for real love?
Ans: He thinks he will never get married.

Q3: How does Lomov describe Natalya Stepanovna?

Ans: He describes her as an excellent housekeeper, not bad-looking, and well-educated.

Q4: What physical symptoms does Lomov experience due to his excitement?
Ans: He experiences a noise in his ears trembling lips, a twitch in his right eyebrow, and
trouble sleeping due to a pulling sensation in his left side.

Q5: Why does Lomov think it is impossible for him not to marry?
Ans: He believes it is impossible for him not to marry because he is already 35, which he
considers a critical age, and he needs to lead a quiet and regular life due to his health issues.

Q6: What is Lomov‟s main concern about waiting too long to get married? ( b )
Ans: a) He will lose interest in marriage.
b) He will never get married.
c) He will find a better partner.

Q7: What age does Lomov consider to be critical for marriage? ( c )

Ans a) 25
b) 30
c) 35

Q8: Which symptom does Lomov NOT mention experiencing due to his excitement?
( a )
a) Headache
b) Twitch in his eyebrow
c) Trembling lips

Q9: What happens to Lomov when he tries to sleep?

Ans: a) He sleeps soundly without issues.
b) He feels a pulling sensation in his left side, shoulder, and head.
c) He has vivid dreams.

Q10: What does Lomov do after feeling the pulling sensation while trying to sleep?
( b )
Ans: a) He ignores it and falls asleep.
b) He gets up and walks around before lying down again.
c) He consults a doctor.
 94

II. Read the following text:

LOMOV : Natalya Stepanovna, I don‘t want the Meadows, but I am acting on principle. If
you like, I‘ll make you a present of them.
…………………………………………………of having done so. [Quickly steps to the
carafe and drinks more water] Oxen Meadows are mine!

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What does Lomov offer to do with the Meadows?

Ans: Lomov offers to make a present of the Meadows to Natalya Stepanovna.

Q2: How does Natalya respond to Lomov‟s offer to give her the Meadows?
Ans: Natalya responds by saying that the Meadows are already hers and criticizes Lomov
for offering to give her what she believes is her own land.

Q3: What example does Natalya give to show that they have been good neighbors to
Lomov?
Ans: Natalya mentions that they lent Lomov their threshing-machine last year, even though
it caused them to delay their own threshing until November.
Q4: How does Natalya describe Lomov‟s behavior?
Ans: Natalya describes Lomov's behavior as strange, not neighborly, and even impudent.

Q5: What does Lomov strongly deny being accused of?

Ans: Lomov strongly denies being accused of being a landgrabber.

Q6: What does Lomov claim he is acting on when offering the Meadows? ( b )
Ans: a) Generosity
b) Principle
c) Friendship

Q7: How does Natalya describe Lomov's offer to give her the Meadows?( c )
Ans: a) Generous
b) Humorous
c) Impudent
Q8: What did Natalya's family lend Lomov last year? ( b )
Ans: a) A plow
b) A threshing-machine
c) A tractor

Q9: What is Lomov‟s reaction when Natalya accuses him of being a landgrabber?
( b )
Ans: a) He apologizes.
b) He denies the accusation and drinks more water.
c) He ignores the accusation.

Q10: What does Lomov insist about the Oxen Meadows at the end of the dialogue?
Ans: a) They belong to both families.
b) They are not worth arguing over.
c) They are his.
 95

III. Read the following text:

LOMOV : I‘m thinking of having a go at the blackcock, honoured Natalya Stepanovna, after
the harvest. Oh, have you heard? Just think, what a misfortune I‘ve had! My dog Guess, who
you know, has gone lame.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
NATALYA : Have you measured

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What does Lomov plan to do after the harvest?

Ans: Lomov plans to go hunting for blackcock after the harvest.

Q2: What misfortune does Lomov share with Natalya?

Ans: Lomov's dog, Guess, has gone lame.

Q3: How much did Lomov pay for his dog, Guess?
Ans: Lomov paid 125 roubles for Guess.

Q4: How does Natalya compare Squeezer to Guess?

Ans: Natalya says that Squeezer is heaps better than Guess.

Q5: What fault does Lomov point out about Squeezer?

Ans: Lomov points out that Squeezer is overshot, meaning his lower jaw is shorter than the
upper, which makes him a bad hunter.

Q6: Why does Lomov think Guess went lame? ( c )

Ans: a) He twisted his leg.
b) He was bitten by another dog.
c) Both a and b.
Q7: How much did Natalya's father pay for Squeezer? ( b )
Ans: a) 50 roubles
b) 85 roubles
c) 125 roubles

Q8: Why does Lomov believe Guess is a better dog than Squeezer? ( a )
Ans: a) Guess is a first-rate dog.
b) Guess is younger.
c) Guess is larger in size.

Q9: What does Natalya claim about Squeezer's pedigree and points? ( b )
Ans: a) It‘s inferior to Guess.
b) It‘s better than Guess.
c) It‘s similar to Guess.

Q10: What does Lomov say is a sign of a bad hunter in a dog? ( b )

Ans: a) Short legs
b) Overshot jaw
c) Lack of energy
 96

IV: Read the following text:

LOMOV : I see, Natalya Stepanovna, that you consider me either blind or a fool. You must
realise that Squeezer is overshot!
…………………………………………………………………
LOMOV : But isn‘t my Guess better? Really, now?

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: Whose dog is Squeezer?

Ans: Squeezer is Natalya‘s pet dog.

Q2: Which dog is overshot according to Lomov?

Ans: Natalya‘s dog, Squeezer, is overshot according to him.

Q3: Did Natalya agree to Lomov‘s argument?

Ans: No. Natalya didn‘t agree to Lomov‘s argument.

Q4: What is Natalya‘s argument about her dog Squeezer?

Ans: Natalya‘s argument is that her dog Squeezer is a hundred times better than Lomov‘s
Guess.

Q5: Whose argument did Chubukov support?

Ans; Chubukov supported Lomov‘s argument.

Q6: What is the name of Lomov‘s dog? ( b)

Ans: a) Squeezer b) Guess c) Pettikova

Q7: Why couldn‘t Lomov continue his argument with Natalya? ( a )

Ans: a) because his heart was palpitating
b) because he didn‘t like to argue with Natalya
c) because he didn‘t like to argue with Chubukov

Q8: Whose dog is half-dead according Natalya? ( c )

Ans: a) Her dog Squeezer is half-dead according to Natalya
b) Her dog Guess is half-dead according to Natalya
c) Lomov‘s dog Guess is half-dead according to Natalya

S R : UNIT IX: THE BOOK THAT SAVED THE EARTH

I. Read the following text:

THINK-TANK : Elementary, my dear Omega. Hold one of the items up so that I may view it
closely. (Omega holds a book on the palm of her hand.)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
THINK-TANK : Sandwiches are the main staple of Earth diet. Look at it closely.(Omega
squints at book.) There are two slices of what is called bread, and between them is
some sort of filling.

Now, answer the following questions:

 97

Q1: What does Think-Tank ask Omega to do first? ( b )

Ans: a) Taste the item
b) Hold an item up for closer viewing
c) Describe the item

Q2: Where does Think-Tank believe the group is located? ( b )

Ans: a) In a library
b) In a refreshment stand
c) In a laboratory

Q3: What item does Omega hold up in her hand? ( b )

Ans: a) A sandwich
b) A book
c) A piece of bread

Q4: What does Think-Tank mistakenly identify the book as? ( b )

Ans: a) A tool
b) A sandwich
c) A weapon

Q5: Who says, "Well, the Earthlings certainly have a strange diet"? ( c )
Ans: a) Omega
b) Iota
c) Oop

Q6: How does Think-Tank describe sandwiches? ( b )

Ans: a) As Earth's main weapon
b) As the main staple of the Earth diet
c) As a communication device

Q7: What does Think-Tank believe the 'sandwich' consists of? ( a )

Ans: a) Two slices of bread with a filling
b) A single slice of bread
c) A piece of meat and cheese

Q8: What does Oop do with the book? ( b )

Ans: a) Eats it
b) Places it on his head
c) Throws it away

Q9: Who repeats the word 'sandwich' after Think-Tank? ( c )

Ans: a) Omega and Iota
b) Iota and Oop
c) All of them

Q10: What does Omega do to examine the 'sandwich' more closely? ( b )

Ans: a) Tastes it
b) Squints at it
c) Sniffs it
II. Read the following text:
A hundred million miles away from Mars. Order the invasion fleet
………………………………………..You‘ve guessed it — Mother Goose! (She bows and
exits right.)
 98

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1: What is the distance mentioned between Mars and Alpha Centauri? ( b )
Ans: a) Fifty million miles
b) A hundred million miles
c) Two hundred million miles
Q2: What was the order given to the invasion fleet? ( b )
Ans: a) To attack Earth
b) To evacuate Mars
c) To establish a base on Mars
Q3: Who helps Think-Tank off stage left? ( a )
Ans: a) Noodle
b) Omega
c) Iota

Q4: What does the Historian say saved the world from a Martian invasion? ( b )
Ans: a) An army of Earthlings
b) A dusty old book of nursery rhymes
c) A powerful weapon

Q5: When did Earthlings resume contact with Mars? ( a )

Ans: a) In the twenty-fifth century
b) In the twenty-third century
c) In the twenty-sixth century

Q6: Who replaced Great and Mighty Think-Tank as the Martian leader? ( a )
Ans: a) Noodle
b) Omega
c) Oop

Q7: What significant establishment did Earthlings create in Marsopolis? ( b )

Ans: a) A space station
b) A model library
c) A university
Q8: What did Earthlings teach the Martians besides how to read? ( b )
Ans: a) How to fly spacecraft
b) The difference between sandwiches and books
c) How to communicate telepathically
Q9: Which book can the Martians never bring themselves to read? ( b )
Ans: a) The Encyclopedia of Mars
b) Mother Goose
c) The Martian Chronicles
Q10: What does the Historian do at the end of the scene? ( b )
Ans: a) Leaves through the left exit
b) Exits through the right exit
c) Remains on stage
 1

SECTION – B: GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY

(From [Link]. 18 to 34 as per the new blueprint)

[Link]. 18: Combine the following sentences as with ‘who / which / whose / whom
(Relative Clauses) as given in the brackets. (Syllabus reference: Unit I)

Rohini got an admission into MBA. Her aim is to become a business woman. (whose)
Ans: Rohini, whose aim is to become a business woman, got an admission into MBA.

Q1. I often go to Mumbai. Mumbai is the commercial capital of India. (which)

Q2. My mother is going to host a TV show on cooking. She cooks very well. (who)
Q3. These sportspersons are going to meet the President. Their performance has been
excellent. (whose)
Q4. Lencho prayed to God. His eyes see into our minds. (whose)
Q5. This man cheated me. I trusted him. (whom)
Q6: Lencho was a farmer. He had unwavering faith in God. (who)
Q7: The postmaster was touched by Lencho's faith. He decided to help him. (who)
Q8: The hailstorm came suddenly. It destroyed the entire crop. (which)
Q9: Q: The hailstorm ruined Lencho's crops. The crops were the only source of his
livelihood. (which)
Q10: Lencho wrote a letter to God. The letter expressed his faith in divine help. (which)
Q11: Lencho was a poor farmer. His faith in God was unshakable. (whose)
Q12: The people in the post office were generous. Lencho had no idea about them.(whom)
Q13: Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa. He spent 27 years
in prison. (who)
Q14: Apartheid was a system of racial discrimination. It was deeply rooted in South African
society. (which)
Q15: The policy of apartheid was abolished. It marked the beginning of a new era in South
Africa. (which)
Q16: The people of South Africa elected Mandela as their leader. He became a symbol of
freedom. (whom)
Q17: Mandela was a man of great courage. His determination to end apartheid inspired
many. (whose)
Q18: The inauguration ceremony was held in Pretoria. Pretoria became the symbol of a new
nation. (which)
Q19: The young seagull was afraid to fly. He hadn‘t yet used his wings. (who)
Q20: The mother seagull was holding a piece of fish. The fish tempted the young seagull.
(which)
Q21: The seagull‘s father called out to him. His father‘s encouragement was crucial.
(whose)
Q22: The mysterious pilot helped the narrator find his way. He disappeared without a trace.
(who)
Q23: The young seagull finally took his first flight. The flight filled him with joy. (which)

Q24: The black clouds surrounded the Dakota plane. The clouds made the pilot nervous.
(which)
 2

Q25: The black aeroplane appeared out of nowhere. It guided the Dakota safely through the
storm. (which)
Q26: The teacher gave us a lesson on bravery. She always tells interesting stories. (who)
Q27: The artist painted a beautiful picture. The picture was admired by everyone. (which)
Q28: The bus was crowded. It made the ride uncomfortable for everyone. (which)
Q29: The flowers bloomed beautifully. They added colour to the garden. (which)
Q30: My friend is an excellent dancer. She won the first prize in the competition. (who)
Q31: The old man told us a story. The story was about his childhood. (which)
Q32: The dog barked at the stranger. It scared the children nearby. (which)
Q33: The woman helped the injured bird. The bird was lying on the road. (which)
Q34: The boy lives next door. His father is a doctor. (whose)
Q35: The book is on the table. It belongs to my sister. (which)
Q36: The power went out suddenly. It left the whole neighbourhood in darkness. (which)
Q37: The girl is very kind. Everyone likes her. (whom)
Q38: The cake was delicious. Everyone wanted a second slice. (which)
Q39: The dog barked loudly. Its owner was not at home. (whose)
Q40: The man was reading a newspaper. He is my uncle. (who)
Q41: The lady teaches us English. She is very patient. (who)
Q42: The cat jumped onto the table. The table was covered with books. (which)
Q43: The train was delayed by an hour. It caused many passengers to miss their
connections. (which)
Q44: The soup was too hot. It burned my tongue. (which)
Q45: The rain started suddenly. It soaked everyone on the street. (which)
Q46: The car broke down. It was very old. (which)
Q47: The bicycle is broken. It belongs to my brother. (which)
Q48: The phone rang in the middle of the night. It startled me. (which)
Q49: The alarm rang loudly. It woke up the whole family. (which)
Q50: The tree was struck by lightning. It was very old. (which)
Q51: The child is playing outside. His toys are all over the yard. (whose)
Q52: The singer has a beautiful voice. She is very popular. (who)
Q53: The movie was very long. It made everyone feel tired. (which)
Q54: The wind blew fiercely. It knocked down the trees. (which)

[Link]. 19: Change the following sentences into passive voice. (Textual / General)
(Syllabus reference: Unit -3 WB)

From unit 3 of the workbook:

Q1: Ramesh painted the walls.

Q2: I gave sweets to all the students yesterday.
Q3. I clean my room every day in the morning.
Q4: They have made a large number of films on wild life conservation.
Q5: People cultivate rice in Gangetic valley and Coastal region.
Q6: Shajahan built the Taj Mahal.
Q7: Female Anopheles mosquito transmit Malaria virus.
Q8: The police solved the case and arrested two persons.
Q9: The volcanic eruption in Mt. Etna destroyed many houses and lives.
Q10: The ozone layer prevent the ultraviolet rays entering the earth‘s surface.
Q11: We have converted the field into playground.
 3

Q12: The young seagull flapped his wings desperately.

Q13: His mother had picked up a piece of fish.
Q14: The sun was shining brightly over the sea.
Q15: He felt a bit dizzy and faint.
Q16: The seagull's mother was calling to him shrilly.
Q17: The little bird had not eaten anything.
Q18: The waves beneath frightened him.
Q19: The wind rushed against his breast feathers.
Q20: The sea gull‘s family encouraged him to fly.
Q21: He uttered a loud scream when he dived.
Q22: The hailstorm damaged the corn field.
Q23: The woman called them for dinner.
Q24: Lencho wrote a letter to God.
Q25: he postman had handed over the letter to his boss.
Q26: Lencho suspects the post office staff.
Q27: The policy of apartheid created a deep and lasting wound.
Q28: I am taking someone else‘s freedom.
Q29: We have achieved our political emancipation.
Q30: The army generals saluted Mandela.
Q31: They created a harshest society.
Q32: I was flying my old Dakota aeroplane.
Q33: The voice from the radio answered me immediately.
Q34: I was writing a diary.
Q35: My parents sent me to Holland.
Q36: Half of the class is making bets.
Q37: I always laugh at those two boys.
Q38: I had finished the rest of my homework.
Q39: After so many warning, he assigned me extra homework.
Q40: I finished my poem.
Q41: I have started the diary.
Q42. My father married my mother when he was thirty six.
Q43: I had celebrated my birthday.
Q44. He was assigning me extra homework.
Q45. I write three pages everyday.
Q46: Close the door.
Q47: Don‘t pluck the flowers.
Q48: Don‘t beat the dog.
Q49: Please give me your mobile.
Q50: Tie the cow.

[Link].20 :Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech. (Textual / General)
(Syllabus reference: Unit – 9)

Model Paper question:

The little girl asked the conductor, “Why do you ask me so many questions?”
Ans: The little girl asked the conductor why he asked her so many questions.

Q1: A K Hangal asked, ―Why do you want to know my age?‖

Q2: We ask, ―What is the secret?‖
 4

Q3: I said, ―He is rather energetic.‖

Q4: He replied. ―I joined the industry when people retire.‖
Q5: He says, ―I have always been underpaid.‖
Q6: ―I was a fool not to understand the value of money earlier,‖ he regrets.
Q7: LOMOV : Honoured Stepan Stepanovitch, do you think I may count on her consent?
Q8: LOMOV : I‘m getting a noise in my ears from excitement.
Q9: NATALYA : Why haven‘t you been here for such a long time?
Q10: CHUBUKOV : What‘s the matter?

Q11: NATALYA : My mowers will be there this very day!

Q12: LOMOV : I‘ve come only to see you.
Q13: CHUBUKOV :Why are you in evening dress, my precious?
Q14: CHUBUKOV : He‘s come to borrow money.
Q15: LOMOV: I‘ve come to ask the hand of your daughter, Natalya Stepanovna, in
marriage.
Q16: LOMOV :―I‘m trembling all over.‖
Q17: NATALYA: ―Why haven‘t you been here for such a long time?‖
Q18: NATALYA: ―The weather is splendid now, but yesterday it was so wet.‖
Q19: NATALYA: ―Are you going to a ball?‖
Q20: Lomov said to Natalya: ―I shall try to be brief.‖
Q21: Lomov said to Natalya: ―You will remember that my Oxen Meadows touch your
birchwoods.‖
Q22: LOMOV : But you can see from the documents, honoured Natalya Stepanovna.
Q23: LOMOV : I‘ll show you the documents, Natalya Stepanovna!
Q24: Natalya said to Lomov: ―I can‘t stand unfairness.‖
Q25: NATALYA : I can make you a present of them myself, because they‘re mine!
Q26: He said, "I am going to the market."
Q27: She said, "I have finished my homework."
Q28: They said, "We will be visiting our grandparents next weekend."
Q29: The teacher said, "Students should submit their assignments on time."
Q30: John said, "I was watching a movie last night."
Q31: "Are you coming to the party?" he asked me.
Q32: "Where do you live?" she asked him.
Q33: The officer asked, "Why didn't you report the incident immediately?"
Q34: "Can you help me with this problem?" the student asked the teacher.
Q35: He asked, "Will you join us for dinner?
Q36: The mother said to her child, "Don't touch the hot pan!"
Q37: The coach said to the players, "Practice regularly to improve your skills."
Q38: "Please close the window," she asked him.
Q39: The doctor advised, "Take the medicine twice a day."
Q40: The manager ordered, "Submit the report by tomorrow."
Q41: "Hurray! We won the match!" the players shouted.
Q42: "Alas! The old man passed away," the villagers said.
Q43: He exclaimed, "What a beautiful painting!"
Q44: She said, "How wonderful the weather is today!"
Q45: The child asked, "Why is the sky blue?"
Q46: "Did you complete the project on time?" the boss asked her.
Q47: "Who is your favourite author?" she asked the student.
Q48: The father said to his son, "Always speak the truth."
Q49: The teacher said, "Don't forget to bring your textbooks tomorrow."
 5

Q50: Wow! That was an amazing performance," the audience exclaimed.

[Link]. 21: Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition given in brackets.
(Textual / General)

Model Paper question:

i) The world looks -------------------- a change in the environment. (to, for, on)
Ans: for
ii) Nelson Mandela was besieged ------------------ a group of officers. ( by, in, at)
Ans: by

Q1. The older boys were working --------- the field ( into / in / under)
Q2. The flowers were gone ------------ the plants. ( from / in / on)
Q3. He dropped the letter ------------ the mailbox. ( in / into / on)
Q4. The postmaster burst ------------- laughing. ( out / of / off)
Q5. Mandela was besieged --------- the dignitaries. ( of / on / by)
Q6. I was accompanied -------------- my daughter. ( of / on / by)
Q7. It was a spectacular array -------------- South African jets.(off / by / of)
Q8. I was not born with a hunger --------- be free. ( from / out / to)
Q9. This factory belongs ....................... my friend‘s father. (by / to /of )
Q10. Her parents are proud her. (about / of / at)
Q11. We should believe God. (with / in / to)
Q12. Don‘t shout others. (out / of / at)
Q13. In every beginning think an end. (at / for / of)
Q14. I agree you to a certain degree. (with / to / from)
Q15. I will agree your proposal. (with / to / from)
Q16. Animals depend plants for their food. (in / on / at)
Q17. It will take time for her to recover illness. (from / for / to)
Q18. Lions belong the cat family. (for / into / to)
Q19. My friend is very good English. (at / in / with)
Q20. This book different the original book. (for / from / out)
Q21. Out Headmaster is very keen discipline. (for / in / on)
Q22. Benaras is famous silk sarees. (about / for / from)
Q23. She is bad English. ( at / to / for)
Q24. Listen your teacher carefully. (at / to / for )
Q25. Don‘t be jealous others. ( of / about / at)
Q26. She lives --------- a small village. ( in / on / from)
Q27. The cat is hiding -------------- the table. (across / in / under)
Q28. We will meet ----------------- the park ----------5 PM. (at, since, for, of)
Q29. The book is ------------- the shelf. (on, out, from)
Q30. They are traveling----------------train. (on, by, in)
Q31. He has been working here ------------- 2010. (for, from, since)
Q32. She was born --------------- July. (on, onto, in)
Q33. The dog jumped ------------the fence. (out, over, to)
Q34. The picture is hanging ---------the wall. (on, in, into)
Q35. The conference will be held --------------Monday. (in, on, since)
Q36. He sat -----------the chair. (to, of, in)
Q37. She put the keys ----------her bag. (in, on, out)
Q38. The kids are playing ---------the garden. (in, of, off)
 6

Q39. The coffee shop is located--------------the corner of the street. (at, off, of)
Q40. The movie starts ----------7 PM. (at, on, from)
Q41. The letter was addressed ----------the manager. (by, from, to)
Q42. He has been absent ----------school for three days. (in, on, from)
Q43. The car is parked -----------the garage. (in, at, in)
Q44. We walked -----------the bridge. (across, over, by)
Q45. The meeting lasted -------------two hours. (since, from, for)
Q46. They arrived -----------the airport late. (on, in, at)
Q47. The teacher wrote the assignment --------------the board. (in, on, of)
Q48. The train goes -----------------the tunnel. (through, by, in)
Q49. She has been waiting ---------------the bus stop. (on, at, in)
Q50. He is responsible --------------the project. (for, by, of)
Q51. The book was written ----------------a famous author. (in, on, by)
Q52. They were sitting ----------------the table during lunch. (on, in, at)
Q53. The news was broadcasted --------------the radio. (on, across, over)
Q54. The cat jumped ---------------the chair to the window. (onto, on, from)
Q55. She lives -----------------the 3rd floor of the building. (in, on, of)

[Link]. 22: Editing a passage (correcting the underlined parts)

(Syllabus reference: Workbook / Unseen)

Model Paper question:

―And if I were to ask me (a) from what literature a)---------------------------

we who has (b) been nurtured almost exclusively b)--------------------------

on the thoughts of Greeks and Romans, and of the Semitic race

the Jewish, may draw the corrective which is most want © in
order to make our inner life more perfect, c)----------------------------

more comprehensive, more universal, in fact most (d) truly d) -------------------------

human life again I should point to India.‖

Ans: a) you b) have c) wanted d) more

WB: Unit I:

Suppose Lencho gets a hundred pesos in his envelope. He writes a letter to God
expressing his gratitude. However, he has missed a word in each line. Help him with
those words so that his letter is complete.

Dear God!

Thank for -- Thank you for

(a) sending a hundred pesos help. :sending me a hundred pesos help

(b) I am very for this kind gesture. :I am very thankful/grateful for this kind gesture
(c) You were my only and your : You were my only hope and your
 7

(d) help has my faith in you. : help has increased my faith in you.
(e) This money will help me until the crop :This money will help me until the crop grows
(f) and I promise to hard in the future. : and I promise to work hard in the future.

Sincerely yours,
Lencho

WB: Unit II:

The following passage has an error in each line. Find the error and write the correct
word or words against the line.

I don‘t mean that some peoples are born clear headed: people

and is therefore natural writers, whereas others : are

are naturally fuzzy and will never wrote well. : write

Thinking clearly was a conscious act that writers : is

must forced on themselves, as if they were working : force

on any other project that requires logic: makes : making

shopping list or doing an algebra problems. : problem

Good writing do not come naturally, : does not

though most people seems to think it does. : seem

Professional writerare constantly bearded by : writers

people who say they‘d like to ―trying a little : try

writing sometime‖—meaned when they : means

retire from their real profession. : professions

WB Unit III: Punctuation

WB Unit IV:

Read this quote from Max Müller. There are errors in the text. Find out the errors and
write the correct word in the space provided

―If I was asked under what sky the human mind --------(which)----
has most fully developed some for its choicest gifts, -------(itself)-----
has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems --------(over)------
of life, and has find solutions of some of them which -------(found)-------
well deserve the attention even of them who have ------(deserves)-------
 8

studied Plato and Kant, I should pointedto India. ------(point)------

And if I were to ask me from whatliterature ------(which)------
we who has been nurtured almost exclusively ------(have)-----
on the thoughts of Greeks and Romans, and of the Semitic race, the Jewish, may draw the
corrective which is most want in order to make our inner life more perfect, more
comprehensive, more universal, in fact most truly human alife ---- (a human) again
―I should point to India.‖
Max Müller

WB: Unit V:

Some words have been wrongly spelt in the paragraph given below. Correct the words
and read the paragraph aloud.

The Valley of Flowers

The journey to the Valley of Flowers begins about 16 km away from Joshimath, at
Govindghat (1,770 m) on the Rishikesh Badrinath heightway (highway).The Valley of
Flowers is covered with a rich varity (variety)of magnifiscent (magnificent)plants. Over the
past few years, thousands of visitors have ‗discovered‘ this idyll (ideal)amidst the mountain.
However, they live like marks only by way of empty cans, waste-paper and cigarete
(cigarette) butts.
Trakking (Trekking) in the area has resulted in the trampling of these delikate (delicate)
plants by humans and ponies. As a result, the government of India was compeled
(compelled)to ban all mountainering, (mountaineering) trekking, expeditions and livestock
grasing (grassing) in the area, with effect from February 20, 1983. This is to privent
(prevent) further damage to one of our nation‘s unique repositories of natural beauty.

WB: Unit VI: Punctuating the given paragraph

WB: Unit VII: Punctuating the given paragraph

WB: Unit VIII: There are some omissions in the paragraph given below. Edit the
paragraph, use suitable prepositions and words.

The Wild Geese

One day, Prince Siddhartha was going the royal gardens on his way the (along) river.
A flockwild (A flock of ) geese passed overhead. Devadatta, the Prince‘s cousin, shot arrow
(shot an arrow) into their midst one of the geese fell. It was wounded and fell just front of
Siddhartha. His heart was filled compassion (filled with compassion) when he saw poor (the
poor) bird bleeding profusely. He lifted it and he drew the arrow (drew the arrow out) very
carefully from its body. He took the bird with him. Devadatta sent a messenger claim (to
claim) the bird. But Siddhartha refused to give it. He said that belonged (that it belonged) to
him because he had saved its life. It did not belong to Devadutta who had tried to kill.
 9

WB: Unit IX

Jumbled Sentences.

Join the parts of the sentences given below and write meaningful sentences.

(a) by giving ultimate/individual can transform everything/ expression to /the inner

determination of an/the infinite potential of human being

Ans: The inner determination of an individual can transform everything by giving ultimate
expression to the infinite potential of human being.

(b) down many a time/but keep rising/that you may go/the Sun teaches us

Ans: The sun teaches us that you may go down many a time but keep rising.

(c) but how much love/much we give/we put into giving/it’s not how

Ans: It‘s not how much we give but how much love we put into giving.

(d) fit for human habitation/would mould the world/the citizens of tomorrow/into a globe

Ans: The citizens of tomorrow would mould the world into a globe fit for human habitation.

(e) you must hear/to be a great leader /and pains of people/ the unspoken joys

Ans: To be a great leader, you must hear the unspoken joys and pains of people.

Unseen

Q1: Taylor and Rebecca is(a) husband and wife. They are married since(b )five years now,
and they love each other very much. Rebecca earned(c) a little more than Taylor, but other
than that, for him everything is perfect. Taylor laughs on(d) the wrong jokes, but other than
that, for her everything is perfect too.

(a) ………………… (b)………………….©…………………..(d) ………………….

Q2: The good thing for(a) their relationship is that they are always very honest with one
(b) other. They tells(c) the truth even if it is not nice. One day though, Taylor deciding(c) not
to tell the truth.

(a) ………………… (b)………………….©…………………..(d) ………………….

Q3. He went to an (a) party at his workplace. Audrey, one from (b) his coworkers, drank
to (c) much and needed help to get home. ―I feel like I am going to fell (d) asleep! Will you
please take me home?‖ she said and smiled in a silly way.
 10

(a) ………………… (b)………………….©…………………..(d) ………………….

Q4: ―Hmm, sure. I will drive you home. I was (a) going to leave in a few minutes. Will
you wait to (b) me at the door?‖ Audrey made(c) a silly face and Taylor hoped she
understood. On the way, she fell asleep in the car, and Taylor simply take(d) her home.

(a) ………………… (b)………………….©…………………..(d) ………………….

Q5. The next day, Rebecca drove the car and Taylor sat beside (a) her. ―I am sure she is
going to found(b) out!‖ he thought. He felt uncomfortable. Then he sudden(c) noticed a
high-heeled shoe on(d) the back of the car. ―Oh no!‖ he thought. ―It must be Audrey‘s!‖

(a) ………………… (b)………………….©…………………..(d) ………………….

Q6: The nervous system are (a) the body‘s internal electro chemical, communications net
works. Its main part (b) are the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The brain and the spinal cord
forms (c) the Central Nervous System, the bodies chief controller and coordinating centres.
Billions of long neurons, manygroup (d) as nerves, make up the peripheral nervous system.

(a) ………………… (b)………………….©…………………..(d) ………………….

Q7:I do not know why are children (a) afraid of speaking English. English is a language
like any other language. If we learn it systematically, we will learned (b) the basics of
the language in six and (c) nine months. If you are worried for(d) our mistakes, we
will never become fluent in our speech.

(a) ………………… (b)………………….©…………………..(d) ………………….

Q8: Time is precious. It is invaluable. It is one of a (a) powerful factors. Our life
ismeasure (b) in terms of time. We grow for (c) time, live in time and perish in time. Time
is fleeting. It is changing. It never stops. Neither does it wait for anyone. Even the
strongest but(d) powerful monarch has been helpless before time.

(a) ………………… (b)………………….©…………………..(d) ………………….

Q9: Sugarcane will not growon (a) a hot, dry country. It need (b)rain. It grows well on
lowlands near the sea. It does not grow well on high hills. People in many countries grow
sugarcane in their own gardens. They cut the ripe stems in pieces but (c) chew them. They
swallow the sweet juice and spit out a (d) fibre.

(a) ………………… (b)………………….©…………………..(d) ………………….

 11

Q10: The salt which we use in (1) our tables is mined on land. In some places ithave (b)
been collected under the rocks in layers half a mile thick. In other places there were (c)
reservoirs of brine deep in the earth‘s crust. Both mines but (d) reservoirs are the remains of
the seas that once covered the land. The seas have gone and left its salt behind, or they have
been buried deep in the earth. Wherever we get our salt, we are mining the sea.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

[Link].23 : Fill in the blanks with a suitable article (i.e.a / an / the)Textual / General:
● :(Syllabus reference: Unit 2)

Model Paper questions:

1. Would you like to fill ----------- application? Ans: an

2. It is --------------- wonderful scene to watch. Ans: a

From the workbook unit 2:

------------------------ weapons of ------------------ world war were : violence, brute, force,

political and military moves, and counter moves. As ------- result of -------------- churning of
the ocean, -----------world has emitted poison. That poison is spreading all over and there is
none to swallow it. ------------------ countries which were free have managed to digest it
somewhat, but we, who have just attained our freedom, it is hard to do ---------------------
same. Therefore, those who think that having attained freedom they have attained
everything, have really attained nothing! ------------------ freedom that we have won is yet to
be consolidated.

Key: The, the, a, the, the The the, the

1. ---------------- boy and ----------------- girl were shopping in a market. ------------ boy was
from Kerala and ------------- girl was from Nagaland.
2. Can you turn off --------------- light?
3. He has taken ------------------ taxi to ------------------ station.
4. Is there ---------------- police station nearby?
5. My sister works in ---------------- bank.
6. He has been looking for --------------- job for the last seven years.
7. Would you like to eat------------- apple?
8. He goes to the theatre once ------------ month.
9. Atlantic Ocean covers about 30% of the Earth's surface.
10. This is most delicious pizza I've ever eaten.
11. I have unique opportunity to meet the director of the movie.
12. She bought dozen bananas
13. information you provided is incorrect.
14. They live near river.
15. price of this laptop is higher than the other one.
16. Mount Kanchenjunga is in the Himalayas.
17. She wants to be lawyer when she grows up.
18. He was wearing white hat.
19 Nile is the longest river in the world.
20. She was elected president of the club.
 12

21. Do you like music of Shehnai?

22. We visited Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad.
23. love of a mother is irreplaceable.
24. The inauguration would be ----------- largest gathering ever of international leaders on
South African soil.
25. It was the site of -------- rainbow gathering of different colours and nations for the
installation.
26. Out of the experience of----------- extraordinary human disaster that lasted too long.
27 ------------ sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement.
28. We all lifted our eyes in awe as --------spectacular array of South African jets.
29. On the day of -------- inauguration, I was overwhelmed with ------ sense of history.
30. The policy of apartheid created --------- deep and lasting wound in my country.
31. It is from these comrades in ----- struggle that I learned -------- meaning of courage.
32. I would see------- glimmer of humanity in one of ------ guards.
33. I was not born with ------ hunger to be free.
34. My boyhood freedom was --------- illusion.
35. I knew that ------- oppressor must be liberated.
36. She found key under the mat.
37. They went to Bahamas for their honeymoon.
38. I think internet has changed the way we communicate.
39. first chapter of this book is the most difficult.
40. He reads newspaper every morning.
41. She won award for her novel.
42. I saw owl in the forest.
43. He is learning to play guitar.
44. She is eldest in her family.
45. book you gave me is fascinating.
46. I bought new pair of shoes.
47. sky was clear last night.
48 history of Europe is full of conflicts and alliances.
49 I am reading book on history of the Telangana movement.
50. My brother gave me most interesting book I've ever read.
51. He wants to become lawyer.
52. He lives in house on Elm Street.
53. We saw interesting movie last night.
54. Have you ever been to United States?
55. He is only person who can solve this problem.
56. people in this region are known for their hospitality.
57. First War of Independence began in 1857.
58. I need hour to finish my homework.
59. advice she gave me was invaluable.
60. He is European citizen.

[Link]. 24: Change the following into a repeated action in past using ‘used to / would ‘
(Textual /General)
(Syllabus reference: Unit VI)

Model Paper Question:

1. During summer, I spent my money only on mangoes.

 13

Ans: During summer I would spend my money only on mangoes.

2. When I was young, I rode a bicycle to my office.

Ans: When I was young, I used to ride a bicycle to my office.

Textual:

Emperor Akbar would be fond of musical evenings.

Every evening we take long walks on the beach.
Fifty years ago, very few people own cars.
Till the 1980s, Shanghai used to have very dirty streets.
My uncle spend his holidays by the sea.

General:

Q1: When I was a child, I (play) outside for hours every day.
Q2: My grandmother (tell) us stories before bedtime.
Q3: We (have) a dog named Max when I was younger.
Q4: Every summer, we (go) to our grandparents' house in the village.
Q5: He (believe) in ghosts when he was a kid.
Q6: She (be) very shy when she was in school.
Q7: They (watch) the sunset together every evening.
Q8: I (not like) vegetables when I was a child.
Q9: Our teacher (give) us a quiz every Friday.
Q10: We (live) in a small town before moving to the city.
Q11: My father (drive) us to school every morning.
Q12: They (have) a big garden in their backyard.
Q13: The children (play) in the park every weekend.
Q14: She (be) afraid of the dark when she was little.
Q15: He (take) the bus to work every day.
Q16: We (visit) our relatives every holiday season.
Q17: My brother (collect) stamps when he was younger.
Q18: She (be) very good at mathematics.
Q19: They (argue) a lot, but they always made up.
Q20: I (listen) to the radio every night before bed.
Q21: My grandmother (bake) cookies every Sunday.
Q22: He (have) a lot of friends in his neighb ourhood.
Q23: We (go) fishing every weekend during summer.
Q24: She (believe) in fairytales when she was a child.
Q25: He (play) the guitar in a band when he was in college.
Q26: We (be) very close friends when we were kids.
Q27: They (tell) us interesting facts about nature.
Q28: I (ride) my bicycle to school every day.
Q29: She (read) a book every evening before bed.
Q30: We (stay) up late watching movies on weekends.
Q31: He (spend) his summer vacations at his uncle's farm.
Q32: My parents (own) a small grocery store in town.
Q33: We (climb) trees and play hide and seek in the orchard.
Q34: She (be) very active in sports during her school days.
Q35: He (write) letters to his grandparents every month.
 14

Q36: We (celebrate) our birthdays together every year.

Q37: My mother (sew) clothes for us when we were kids.
Q38: They (be) very strict about homework.
Q39: We (go) for a walk after dinner every night.
Q40: She (have) a beautiful singing voice.

[Link]. 25: Rewrite the sentences into a single sentence using Noun-modifiers.

(Textual / General)

Model Paper Questions:

1. I visited a temple. It was an old one but has a great history.

Ans: I visited an old temple with a great history.

2. Gowtham found a cat. It has blue eyes and brown stripes on its body.
Ans: Gowtham found a cat with blue eyes and brown stripes on its body.

Textual & General:

Q1: Lencho wrote a letter. The letter was addressed to God.

Q2: Nelson Mandela became the president. His presidency was historic.
Q3: The seagull saw the sea. The sea was vast and inviting.
Q4: Coorg is a place. The place is famous for coffee plantations.
Q5: Anne Frank wrote a diary. The diary was world-famous.
Q6: The Otter came from the Tigris marshes. The marshes were in Iraq.
Q7: Bismillah Khan played the shehnai. His shehnai performance was soulful.
Q8: The pilot saw dark clouds. The clouds were stormy and dangerous.
Q9: The penguins were covered in feathers. The feathers were waterproof.
Q10: Pranjol read a book. The book was about tea gardens of Assam.
Q11: The black aeroplane flew across the sky. The sky was full of clouds.
Q12: The tiger was moving in the cage. The cage was narrow.
Q13: The baker walked down the street. The street was old and busy.
Q14: The young girl looked at the night sky. The sky was full of stars.
Q15: The two boys went to the tea shop. The shop was on the roadside.
Q16: The author visited the Dachigam National Park. The park is located in Kashmir.
Q17: The statue stood in the centre of the square. The square was bustling with people.
Q18: The fog covered the mountains. The mountains were tall and majestic.
Q19: The young soldier returned from the war. The war was devastating.
Q20: The swallow flew over the river. The river was calm and wide.
Q21: Mandela‘s African National Congress party formed the government.
It was a democratic and non-racial government.
Q22: We looked at the formation by South African jets over the Union Buildings.
It was a spectacular array.
Q23: Decades of oppression produced some leaders like Oliver Tambos, Walter Sisulu etc.
These leaders had extraordinary courage, wisdom and generosity.
Q24: I read a book ‗The Diary of a Young Girl‘. It was a very popular book.
Q25. Valli went to the city on a bus. The bus was a new bus. It had some green stripes
along the side.
 15

Q26. Valli suddenly noticed a cow running right in front of the bus. It was a young and
strong cow.
Q27: She baked a cake. The cake was delicious.
Q28: He bought a jacket. It was made of leather.
Q29: I adopted a dog. The dog was very playful.
Q30: They booked a hotel. The hotel was close to the beach.
Q31: She has a bicycle. The bicycle is very fast.
Q32: He attended a seminar. The seminar was about technology.
Q33: We visited a park. The park was full of flowers.
Q34: She received a letter. The letter was from her cousin.
Q35: He built a house. The house was on a hill.
Q36: They bought a painting. The painting was very colourful.
Q37: I read Gitanjali. It was written by Rabindranath Tagore.
Q38: She bought a car. It is red and has a powerful engine.
Q39: We visited a museum. It is known for its ancient artifacts.
Q40. They live in a house. It is made of stone and has a large garden.
Q41: She read a novel. The novel was written by a famous author.
Q42: He bought a guitar. The guitar was handcrafted.
Q43: We watched a movie. The movie was very entertaining.
Q44: They climbed a mountain. The mountain was covered in snow.
Q45: She found a necklace. The necklace was made of gold.
Q46: He purchased a bicycle. The bicycle had gears.
Q47: They adopted a cat. The cat had blue eyes.
Q48: She visited a city. The city was known for its architecture.
Q49: He gifted me a watch. The watch was waterproof.
Q50: They rented a cottage. The cottage was by the lake.

[Link]. 26: Give a suitable advice for the situation given below.

Q1: The TV at home is not working. Advise your brother to call a technician immediately.
(Model Paper question)

Q2: Your brother is feeling unwell. Advise him to see a doctor.

Q3: Your sister‘s room is very messy. Advise her to clean the room
Q4: It‘s raining heavily outside. Advise your father to take an umbrella.
Q5: Your brother has an exam tomorrow. Advise your him to study well.
Q6: Your friend is struggling with their homework. Advise your friend to help him.
Q7: Your brother‘s computer is running slowly. Advise him to restart his computer once.
Q8: Your sister‘s bicycle tire is flat. Advise her to get her bicycle repaired.
Q9: Your friend missed the bus. Advise him to wait for the next bus and look for an
alternative.
Q10: The library books are due tomorrow. Advise your brother to return those books
immediately.
Q11: Your friend‘s parents are waiting for her at home. Advise her to hurry home.
Q12: The car engine is making a strange noise. Advise your friend to call a mechanic.
Q13: Your mother‘s phone battery is low. Advise your mother to change her phone.
Q14: Your friend is feeling sad. Advise your common friend to go and talk to her.
Q15: Your bench mate doesn‘t understand the lesson. Advise him to ask the teacher for
clarification.
 16

Q16: Your friend wants to stay healthy. Advise him to do exercise regularly and eat
healthy.
Q17: Your sister‘s teacher has assigned a lot of homework. Advise her to manage the time
wisely to complete it.
Q18: Your friend‘s printer is not working. Advise him to check the connections at once or
call a technician.
Q19: Your friend has lost his keys. Advise him to get spare keys.
Q20: The weather is very hot today. Advise your parent to drink plenty of water.
Q21: Your friend is speaking too loudly in the library. Advise her to be quiet in the library.
Q22: You neighbour‘s dog hasn‘t been fed. Advise him to feed the dog well.
Q23: Your sister going to be late for her appointment. Advise her to call them and inform.
Q24: You see someone littering in the park. Advise him to use the dust bin.
Q25: Your mother didn‘t get enough sleep last night. Advise her to go to bed early tonight.
Q26: Your friend is thinking of skipping class. Advise her not to skip the class.
Q27: Your friend is having trouble finishing your project on time. Advise him to ask for
help or prioritize the tasks.
Q28: Your sibling is spending too much time on their phone. Advise him to take a short
break from the phone.
Q29: Your brother‘s clothes are wrinkled. Advise him to iron his clothes.
Q30: Your friend always teases a physically challenged boy in your class. Advise him to
stop teasing physically challenged people.
Q31: Your friend does not wash his / her hands before taking his / her lunch. You think it is
not a good habit. Advise him / her to wash hands before taking lunch.
Q32: You have completed your examinations. Your friends and you wanted to enjoy the
day. How would you suggest your friends to see a movie.
Q33: Your uncle is going on a pilgrimage to Tamilnadu. Advise him to learn a few words
in Tamil.
Q34: Your friend is going join in a college in Bengaluru. Advise him to learn a few
Kannada words.
Q35: Your friend is waking up late these days. Advise him to wake up early to prepare well
for the exams.
Q36: Your neighbour has been throwing the rubbish onto the road. Advise him to put it into
the rubbish dump.
Q37: Your brother is appearing for a competitive exam. Advise him to read English news
paper daily.
Q38: Your friend is crazy about consuming soft drinks which are hazardous. Advise him to
take coconut water instead of soft drinks.
Q39: You friend is suffering from cold and fever. Advise her to consult a doctor
immediately.
Q40: Your friend has stated smoking. Advise him to stop smoking.
Q41: Your brother is becoming fat. Advise him to do yoga every day.
Q42: Your sister is fond of doing classical dance. Advise her to join in a dance school.

[Link]. 27: SYNONYMS: Write synonyms of the underlined words choosing the
appropriate one from the words given in the box.
(Syllabus reference: All prose lessons in the textbook)

Model Paper Question:

challenge, obey conquer, success, suffering, patience

 17

I have seen men stand up to attacks to torture (a) without breaking, showing a
strength the resilience (b) that defies (c) the imagination I learned that courage was
not the absence of fear, but the triumph (d) over it.

Ans: a) suffering b) patience c) challenge d) success

Q1:

surprised unwavering destruction misfortune discouraged

All through the night, the rain came down. But, instead of the anticipated good
fortune, it brought with it only disaster. The heavy rain destroyed the entire crop, leaving
Lencho and his family in a state of devastation (a). The loss was so great that Lencho, a man
of unshakable (b) faith, was overwhelmed (c) by the magnitude of the calamity (d).

Ans: a. b. c. d.

Q2:

despair creature taught morality hopefulness sunrise

All through the night, Lencho thought only of his one hope (a) : the help of God,
whose eyes, as he had been instructed, (b) see everything, even what is deep in one‘s
conscience (c). Lencho was an ox of a man, working like an animal in the fields, but still he
knew how to write. The following Sunday, at daybreak, (d) he began to write a letter which
he himself would carry to town and place in the mail. It was nothing less than a letter to God.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

Q3:

tsunami, cyclone, kept on, heart, thought, damaged

Not a leaf remained (a) on the trees. The corn was totally destroyed (b). The flowers

were gone from the plants. Lencho‘s soul © was filled with sadness. When the storm (d)

had passed, he stood in the middle of the field.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

Q 4:
apartheid years discrimination power ritual auditorium

The ceremonies (a) took place in the lovely sandstone amphitheatre (b) formed by
the Union Buildings in Pretoria. For decades (c) this had been the seat of white supremacy,
 18

(d) and now it was the site of a rainbow gathering of different colours and nations for the
installation of South Africa‘s first democratic, non-racial government.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

Q5:
Ownership country well-known strange criminals honour
We, who were outlaws (a) not so long ago, have today been given the rare privilege
(b) to be host to the nations of the world on our own soil. We thank all of our distinguished
( c ) international guests for having come to take possession (d) with the people of our
country of what is, after all, a common victory for justice, for peace, for human dignity.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

Q6.
common people, friends, bravery, flexibility, cowardice, illtreat

It is from these comrades (a) in the struggle that I learned the meaning of courage.
(b) Time and again, I have seen men and women risk and give their lives for an idea. I have
seen men stand up to attacks and torture (c) without breaking, showing a strength and
resilience (d) that defies the imagination.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

Q7:

scolding appreciating gather edge worried bravery

Even when each of his brothers and his little sister, whose wings were far shorter than
his own, ran to the brink, (a) flapped their wings, and flew away, he failed to muster
(gather) up courage to take that plunge which appeared to him so desperate. (c) His father
and mother had come around calling to him shrilly, upbraiding (d) him, threatening to let
him starve on his ledge unless he flew away. But for the life of him he could not move.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

Q8:
unsteady slowly recklessly quickly high low
He was not falling headlong (a) now. He was soaring (b) gradually (c) downwards and
outwards. He was no longer afraid. He just felt a bit dizzy. (d)
Ans: a. b. c. d.
Q9:
compass reach radar gasoline cyclone peculiarly

She looked at me very strangely, (a) and then laughed. ―Another aeroplane? Up there
in this storm (b) ? No other aeroplanes were flying tonight. Yours was the only one I could
see on the radar.‖ So who helped me to arrive (c) there safely without a compass or a radio,
 19

and without any more fuel (d) in my tanks? Who was the pilot on the strange black aeroplane,
flying in the storm, without lights?

Ans: a. b. c. d.

Q10.

mind‘s eye decrease picture truths improve deteriorate

To enhance (a) the image (b) of this long-awaited friend in my imagination, (c) I
don‘t want to jot down the facts (d) in this diary the way most people would do, but I want
the diary to be my friend, and I‘m going to call this friend ‗Kitty‘.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

Q11.

gather planned commitment scatter party sincere

This birthday celebration (a) in 1942 was intended (b) to make up for the other, and
Grandma‘s candle was lit along with the rest. The four of us are still doing well, and that
brings me to the present date of 20 June 1942, and the solemn (c) dedication (d) of my
diary

Ans: a. b. c. d.

12.
insufficient, gave, incurable, sufficient, picture, point of view

Mr Keesing had a good laugh at my arguments, (a) but when I proceeded to talk my
way through the next lesson, he assigned (b) me a second essay. This time it was supposed
to be on ‗An Incorrigible (c) Chatterbox‘. I handed it in, and Mr Keesing had nothing to
complain about for two whole lessons. However, during the third lesson he‘d finally had
enough. (d)

Ans: a. b. c. d.

13.
shield huge large appeared look like vanished

The creature that emerged (a) from this sack on to the spacious (b) tiled floor of
the Consulate bedroom resembled (c) most of all a very small, medievally conceived,
dragon. From the head to the tip of the tail he was coated with symmetrical pointed scales of
mud armour, (d) between whose tips was visible a soft velvet fur like that of a chocolate-
brown mole.

Ans: a. b. c. d.
 20

14.
separate active friendly stayed unfriendly laziness

For the first twenty four hours Mijbil was neither hostile (a) nor friendly; he was
simply aloof (b) and indifferent, choosing to sleep on the floor as far from my bed as
possible. The second night Mijbil came on to my bed in the small hours and remained (c)
asleep in the crook of my knees until the servant brought tea in the morning, and during the
day he began to lose his apathy (d) and take a keen, much too keen, interest in his
surroundings.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

15.
proof overweight look unlike wealthy adversity

He, his family and his servants always looked happy and prosperous. (a) Their
plump (b) physique was an open testimony (c) to this. Even today any person with a
jackfruit-like physical appearance (d) is easily compared to a baker.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

16.
narrate cowardice friendliness broad courage many

Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, (a) and they are more than willing to
recount (b) numerous (c) tales of valour (d) related to their sons and fathers. The Coorg
Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army, and the first Chief of the Indian
Army, General Cariappa, was a Coorgi.

Ans: a. b. c. d.
.
17.
possible strong, wonderful, thickly, overextended contracted

It was a magnificent (a) view. Against the backdrop of densely (b) wooded hills a
sea of tea bushes stretched (c) as far as the eye could see. Dwarfing the tiny tea plants were
tall sturdy (d) shade-trees and amidst the orderly rows of bushes busily moved doll-like
figures.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

18.
view attractive basis journeyed nearest ugly

The most fascinating (a) thing of all was the bus that (b) between her village and
the nearest town. It passed through her street each hour, once going to the town and once
coming back. The sight (c) of the bus, filled each time with a new set of passengers, was a
source (d) of unending joy for Valli.

Ans: a. b. c. d.
 21

19.
quench irresistible desires longingly ignite weaker

This wish became stronger and stronger, until it was an overwhelming (1) desire.
Valli would stare wistfully (b) at the people who got on or off the bus when it stopped at the
street corner. Their faces would kindle (c) in her longings, (d) dreams, and hopes.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

20.
near trench faraway contracted waterway far

The bus was now going along the bank of a canal. (a) The road was very (b) . On one
side there was the canal and, beyond it, palm trees, grassland, distant (c) mountains, and the
blue, blue sky. On the other side was a deep ditch (d) and then acres and acres of green fields
— green, green, green, as far as the eye could see.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

21.
march protected crowned heads holy reached arrived

At twelve, he was sent away for schooling in the Hindu sacred (a) scriptures and
four years later he returned home to marry a princess. They had a son and lived for ten years
as befitted royalty. (b) At about the age of twenty-five, the Prince, heretofore shielded (c)
from the sufferings of the world, while out hunting chanced upon a sick man, then an aged
man, then a funeral procession, (d) and finally a monk begging for alms.

Ans: a. b. c. d.

22.
narrow pointer get crying suffering mind

―Not from weeping nor from grieving (a) will anyone obtain peace of mind; on the
contrary, his pain will be the greater and his body will suffer. He will make himself sick and
pale, yet the dead are not saved by his lamentation. (c) He who seeks peace should draw out
the arrow (d) of lamentation, and complaint, and grief
Ans: a. b. c. d.

[Link]. 28: Antonyms: Read the paragraph and match the underlined words given in
column ‘A’ with their opposites in column ‘B’
(Syllabus reference: All prose lessons in the textbook)

Model Paper Question:

With a loud (a) scream he fell outwards (b) and downwards into space. Then a
 22

monstrous © terror seized him and his heart stood still (d)

Ans: a. quiet, low b. inwards c. small, tiny d. moving, active

Q1. The air was fresh (a) and sweet. The man went out for no other reason than to have the
pleasure (b) of feeling the rain on his body, and when he returned (c) he exclaimed,
‗‗These aren‘t raindrops falling from the sky, they are new coins. The big drops are ten cent
pieces and the little (d) ones are fives.‘‘

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q2. It was impossible (a) for him to gather (b) together (c) the hundred pesos , so he was

able (d) to send the farmer only a little more than half.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q3. Lencho showed not the slightest (a) surprise on seeing the money; such was his

confidence--but he became angry (b) when he counted the money. God could not have made

a mistake, nor could he have denied © Lencho what he had requested. Immediately (d)

Lencho went up to the window to ask paper and ink.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q4. TENTH May dawned bright (a) and clear. For the past few days I had been
pleasantly (b) besieged by dignitaries and world leaders who were coming to pay their
respects (c) before the inauguration. The inauguration would be the largest (d) gathering
ever of international leaders on South African soil.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q5. The ceremonies took place in the lovely (a) sandstone amphitheatre formed by the
Union Buildings in Pretoria. For decades this had been the seat of white supremacy, (b) and
now it was the site of a rainbow gathering of different (c) colours and nations for the
installation (d) of South Africa‘s first democratic, non-racial government.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q6. But then I slowly (a) saw that not only was I not free, but my brothers and sisters
were not free. I saw that it was not just my freedom (b) that was curtailed, (c) but the
 23

freedom of everyone who looked like I did. That is when I joined (d) the African National
Congress.
Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q7. The great (a) expanse of sea stretched (b) down beneath, and it was such a long
way down — miles down. He felt certain (c) that his wings would never (d) support him;
so he bent his head and ran away back to the little hole under the ledge where he slept at
night.
Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q8. Inside the clouds, everything (a) was suddenly (b) black. It was impossible to see
anything outside the aeroplane. The old aeroplane jumped and twisted in the air. I looked at
the compass. I couldn‘t believe (c) my eyes: the compass was turning round and round and
round. It was dead.(d) It would not work! The other instruments were suddenly dead, too. I
tried the radio.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q9. Writing in a diary is a really strange (a) experience for someone like me. Not only
because I‘ve never (b) written anything before, but also because it seems to me that later
(c) on neither I nor anyone else will be interested in the musings of a thirteen-year-old
schoolgirl. Oh well, it doesn‘t matter. I feel like writing, and I have an even greater (d) need
to get all kinds of things off my chest.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q10. The class roared. I had to laugh too, though I‘d nearly exhausted (a) my ingenuity
(b) on the topic of chatterboxes. It was time to come up with something else, something
original. (c) My friend, Sanne, who‘s good at poetry, offered to help me write the essay from
beginning to end in verse and I jumped for joy. Mr Keesing was trying to play a joke on me
with this ridiculous subject, but I‘d make sure (d) the joke was on him.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q11. The fire in the furnaces has not yet been extinguished.(a) The thud and jingle of the
traditional (b) baker‘s bamboo, heralding his arrival (c) in the morning, can still be heard
in some places. Maybe the father is not alive (d) but the son still carries on the family
profession. These bakers are, even today, known as pader in Goa.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q12. The fiercely (a) independent people of Coorg are possibly (b) of Greek or Arabic
descent. (3) As one story goes, a part of Alexander‘s army moved south along the coast and
settled here when return became impractical. (d)
 24

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q13. It was a magnificent view. Against the backdrop of densely (a) wooded hills a sea of tea
bushes stretched as far as the eye could see. Dwarfing the tiny (b) tea plants were tall sturdy
© shade-trees and amidst the orderly (d) rows of bushes busily moved doll-like figures.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q14. From the head to the tip of the tail he was coated with symmetrical (a) pointed scales
of mud armour, between whose tips was visible (b) a soft (c) velvet fur like that of a
chocolate-brown mole. He shook himself, and I half expected (d) a cloud of dust.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q15. For the first twenty four hours Mijbil was neither hostile (a) nor friendly; he was
simply aloof (b) and indifferent, (3) choosing to sleep on the floor as far from my bed as
possible. (d) The second night Mijbil came on to my bed in the small hours and remained
asleep in the crook of my knees until the servant brought tea in the morning, and during the
day he began to lose his apathy and take a keen, much too keen, interest in his surroundings.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q16. But for Valli, standing at the front door was every bit as enjoyable (a) as any of the
elaborate (b) games other children played. Watching the street gave her many new unusual
(c) experiences. The most fascinating (4) thing of all was the bus that travelled between her
village and the nearest town.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q17. Over many days and months Valli listened carefully (a) to conversations between her
neighbours and people who regularly (b) used the bus, and she also asked a few discreet (c)
questions here and there. This way she picked up various (d) small details about the bus
journey.

Ans: a) b) c) d)

Q18: CHUBUKOV : [aside] He‘s come to borrow (a) money. Shan‘t give him any! [aloud]
What is it, my beauty?
LOMOV : You see, Honoured Stepanitch... I beg pardon Stepan Honouritch... I mean, I‘m
awfully (b) excited, as you will please notice... In short, (c) you alone can help me, though I
don‘t deserve it, of course... and haven‘t any right to count on your assistance...
CHUBUKOV : Oh, don‘t go round and round it, darling! Spit it out! Well?
LOMOV : One moment... this very minute. The fact (d) is I‘ve come to ask the hand of your
daughter, Natalya Stepanovna, in marriage.
 25

Ans: a) b) c) d)

[Link]. 29: Right form of the words:

Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets.
(Syllabus reference: All prose lessons in the textbook)

Model Paper Question

As ripe fruits are early in --------------- (a) (danger, dangerous, endangered) of

falling, so ---------------- (b) (mortality, mortally, mortals) when born are always in danger of
death.

Ans: a) danger b) mortals

1. Lencho had ------------------(a) (predicted / predicts / predicting) big drops of rain

- ---------------------(b) (begin / began / begun) to fall. In the north-east huge mountains of
clouds could be seen ------------------ © (approached / approach / approaching). The air was
fresh and sweet. The man went out for no other reason than to have the ----------------- (d)
(pleasurely / pleasurable / pleasure) feeling of rain on his body.

2. ―It‘s ---------------- (a) (real / really / reality) getting bad now,‖ exclaimed the man. ―I hope
it passes ------------------- (b) (quickly / quick / quicker).‖ It did not pass quickly. For an
hour the hail ---------------( c) (rain / raining / rained) on the house, the garden, the hillside,
the cornfield, on the whole valley. The field was white, as if ------------------ (d) (covered /
covers / covering) with salt.

3. Lencho showed not the------------------- (a) (slight / slightly / slightest) surprise on

--------------------- (b) ( seeing / see / saw) the money; such was his ------------------( c)
- -------------------- (confident / confidently / confidence) but he became angry when he
- -----------------(d) (count / counted / counting) the money.

4. The policy of apartheid ------------- (a) (created / creation /creativity) a deep and lasting
wound in my country and my people. All of us will ----------------- (b) (spent / spend /
spends) many years, if not generations, -------------------( c ) (recovery / recover / recovering)
from that profound hurt. But the decades of oppression and brutality had another, unintended,
effect, and that was that it ----------------- (d) (produced / produce / production) the Oliver
Tambos, the Walter Sisulus, the Chief Luthulis, the Yusuf Dadoos, the Bram Fischers, the
Robert Sobukwes of our time.

5. No one is born --------------- (a) (hate / hating / hates) another person because of the
colour of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must ----------- (b) (learned /
learning / learn) to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love
comes more --------------- (c) (natural / naturally / naturality) to the human heart than its
opposite. Even in the grimmest times in prison, when my comrades and I were ------------- (d)
(pushed / push / pushes) to our limits.
 26

6. I ------------- (a) (knew / know / known) that the oppressor must be -------------------
(b) (liberate / liberating / liberated) just as surely as the ------------- (c) (oppression / oppress
/ oppressed). A man who ------------ (d) (taking / took / takes) away another man‘s freedom
is a prisoner of hatred; he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness.

7. His mother was harsh and (a) (unforgive, unforgivable, unforgiving),

urging him to fly to become (b) (self-reliant, self-reliance, self-relied).

8. The (a) (successful, successfully, success) flight of the young seagull was a
(b) (turn, turned, turning) point in his life.

9. The young seagull felt the power of his wings and the joy of (a)
(freedom, freely, free). He soared (b) (high, highly, higher) above the sea.

10. Anne was a (a) (curiosity, curious, curiously) girl who kept a diary to
express her (b) (thoughts, think, thoughtful) and feelings.

11. Despite the (a) (fear, fearful, fearfully) circumstances, Anne remained
(b) (hope, hopeful, hopefully) and believed in the goodness of people.

12. Anne‘s diary entries provide a (a) (power, powerful, powerfully) insight
into the life of a young girl facing (b) (unbelievable, unbelief, unbelieving)
challenges.

13. The tea gardens of Assam are (a) (famous, famously, fame) for their
(b) (beauty, beautiful, beautifully) landscapes and vast plantations.

14. The writer was (a) (fascinated, fascinate, fascinating) by the

(b) (tradition, traditional, traditionally) Goan bread-making process.

15. Coorg is known for its (a) (rich, richness, richly) culture and
(b) (hospital, hospitality, hospitable) locals.

16. The history of Coorg is (a) (intrigue, intriguing, intriguingly) with stories
of (b) (valour, valorous, valorously) and independence.

17. The author found Mijbil to be (a) (intelligence, intelligent, intelligently)

and (b) (playfulness, playful, playfully), making him an (c)
(entertain, entertaining, entertainment) companion.

18. Mijbil‘s behaviour was (amuse, amused, amusing) to the locals.

19. Traveling with Mijbil required a lot of (a) (patience, patient, patiently) as
he often got into (b) (mischief, mischievous, mischievously) adventures.

20. Valli was a (a) (curiosity, curious, curiously) girl who was
(b) (determine, determined, determination) to ride the bus all by herself.
 27

21. Despite being a child, Valli showed great (a) (courage, courageous,
courageously) and (b) (independence, independent, independently) in achieving
her goal.
22. Buddha‘s (a) (sermon, sermonic, sermonize) at Benares is one of the
most (b) (important, importantly, importance) teachings in Buddhism.

23. He spoke about the (a) (suffer, suffering, sufferance) of life and the
(b) (inevitable, inevitability, inevitably) nature of death.

24. Through his teachings, Buddha sought to (a) (enlighten, enlightenment,

enlightening) people on the path to (b) (peace, peaceful, peacefully) and
liberation.

25. Lomov is a (a) (nervous, nervously, nervousness) man who visits

Chubukov to (b) (propose, proposal, proposing) to his daughter, Natalya.

26. The play highlights the (a) (ridiculous, ridiculously, ridiculousness) of

arguments over trivial matters in the context of a (b) (marital, maritally,
marriage) proposal.

[Link]. 30: Prefixes or Suffixes :

(Syllabus reference: All prose lesson in the textbook).

Model Paper Question:

1. The statement is completely -------------------logical. (in, il)

2. At first, Gotami was happy for the procure ------------- (tion, ment) of mustard seeds.

Ans: 1) il b) ment

1. The field of ripe corn always promised a good harve -------------- (ast / est)
2. The small ---------- (er / ar) ones were playing near the house.
3. Lencho‘s soul was filled with sad ------------ (nes / ness)
4. It was imposs ----------- (ible / able) for him do that.
5. But he struck to his resolu -------------- (sion / tion)
6. I have seen men stand up to attacks showing a strength and resilience that defis
imagina --------- (tion / sion)
7. The day had come about through the unimagin ------------ (ible / able) sacrifices of my
people.
8. The Sun shall never set on so glorious a human achieve ------ (ment / mant)
9. I was not unmind ------- (full / ful) of the fact that they would not have saluted but arrested
me.
10. It was ---------- possible (im, in) for him to gather together the hundred pesos.
11. I was not ---------mindful (in, un) of the fact.
12. The structure formed the basis of one of the most ------humane (in, un), societies the
world.
13. That day had come about through the ------imaginable (in, un) sacrifices of thousands of
my people.
14. But the decades of oppression and brutality had another, --------intended (un, il) effect.
15. It was enough to --------assure (it, re) me and keep me going.
 28

16. I -----------covered (dis, il) as a young man that my freedom had already been taken
from me.
17. Freedom is ---------divisible. (im, in)
18. So he uttered a joy---------(full, ful) scream.
19. He is trying to get near------ (ar , er) to her as she flew across.
20. The voice from the radio answered me immediate------- (ly , li)
21. The Nazi occupa------------ (tion, sion) extended into the Netherlands.
22. My father, the most ador---------- (ible, able) father I‘ve ever seen.
23. Teachers are the most -----------predictable (un, im) creatures on earth.
24. ―Anne Frank, as punish-----------(mint, ment) for talking in class, write an essay entitled
— ‗Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox‘.‖
25. The thud and jingle of the tradition--------- (ary / al) baker‘s bamboo, heralding his
arrival in the morning.
26. The baker made his musical entry on the scene with the ‗jhang, jhang‘ sound of his
special-------- (ly, y) made bamboo staff.
27. Then we did not even care to brush our teeth or wash our mouths proper------ (ness, ly)
28. Marriage gifts are meaning----------(less, ness) without the sweet bread known as the bol,
29. The lady must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter‘s engage -- (ment, ing)
30. The baker usual------ (y, ly) collected his bills at the end of the month.
31. He, his family and his servants always looked happy and prosper---------(ous, us)
32. An eminently suit----------(able, ible) spot for this experiment.
33. The weather forecast predicts an regular (ir, il) pattern of rain this week.
34. She was very patient (im, in) while waiting in line at the bank.
35. He had to new (re, ir) his subscription before it expired.
36. She was happy (un, in) with the service and complained to the manager.
37. His behaviour was responsible (ir, in) and deserved punishment.
38. The manager will view (re, pre) the proposal before approving it.
39. He showed a lot of improve ----------- (ment, ing) in his skills after practice.
40. The software update will install (re, un) automatically overnight.

[Link]. 31: Identify the wrongly spelt word and write it correctly in the space provided.
(Syllabus reference: All prose lessons in the textbook)

Model Paper Question:

1. overwhelming, torture, fascinate, calqulated Ans: calculated

2. shuffled, miserable, offisial, admiration Ans: official

1. downpore shower supper harvest: Ans: --------------------

2. predicted mountanes pleasure piece Ans: --------------------
3. expression frogen conscience solitary Ans: ---------------------
4. envelope oblige faith resolusion Ans: ----------------------
5. signature immedietly several crooks Ans: ---------------------
6. presidant republic constitution liberty Ans:----------------------
7. poverty deprivation suferring discrimination Ans: ----------------------
8. emancipation oppretion glorious achievement Ans: ----------------------
9. domination inagaration apartheid formation Ans: -----------------------
10. amiable initimatly daybreak decision Ans: ----------------------
11. amphitheatre possesion discrimination humanity Ans: ---------------------
12. unmindful oppression brutalty grimmest Ans: --------------------
 29

13. twiligt conquer isolate illusion Ans:---------------------

14. dignity transitary roast yearned Ans:---------------------
15. ledge brink plinge shrilly Ans:---------------------
16. starve cackle blaze starvo Ans: --------------------
17. dizzy sooring derisively bring Ans:---------------------
18. solemn confide lieble prompted Ans:---------------------
19. adorable outburst muzings brooding Ans:---------------------
20. ingenuity incorigible chatterbox pleading Ans:---------------------

[Link]. 32: Dictionary Skills:

Model Paper Question:

hostile / host il/ adjective

 showing or feeling opposition or dislike; unfriendly; John made a ferociously

hostile attack
 of or belonging to a military enemy; It is a hostile aircraft.
 Opposed
People are very hostile to the idea.

(Hostility) Noun

1. What is the part of speech of the word hostile?

Ans: Adjective

2. What is the noun form of hostile?

Ans: Hostility

Q1:
apartheid /noun/
apart·heid | \ ə-ˈpär-ˌtāt , -ˌtīt\
Definition of apartheid
1: a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race, especially in South
Africa between 1948 and 1994.
2: separation or segregation in any context, particularly involving political, economic, or
social inequality.
Synonyms - segregation, discrimination, racialism, separation, partition
Antonyms - integration, equality, inclusion, unification

1: What is the part of speech of the word ‗apartheid‘?

2: Write two synonyms of the word apartheid.

Q2:
solitary /adjective/
sol·i·tary | \ ˈsä-lə-ˌter-ē \
Definition of solitary
1: being, living, or existing alone; without companions
2: done or undertaken by a single person or thing
 30

3: isolated or remote from others

4: not social or gregarious
Example Sentences
 She enjoyed the solitary walk through the forest.
 After the accident, he led a solitary life in a cabin in the mountains.
 The prisoner was kept in solitary confinement for several weeks.
Synonyms - alone, lone, lonesome, unaccompanied, isolated
Antonyms - social, gregarious, accompanied, communal, crowded

1: What is the definition of the word ‗solitary‘?

2: Write two antonyms of the word ‗solitary‘.

Q3:
derisively /adverb/
de·ri·sive·ly | \ di-ˈrī-siv-lē \
Definition of derisively
1: in a manner expressing contempt or ridicule
2: mockingly or scornfully, with the intent to belittle or demean
Example Sentences
 He laughed derisively at the suggestion that he might apologize.
 The critics spoke derisively about the new film, calling it a complete failure.
Synonyms - mockingly, scornfully, disdainfully, contemptuously, sneeringly
Antonyms - respectfully, courteously, kindly, approvingly

1. What is the part of speech is the word ‗derisively‘?

2. What is the meaning of the word ‗derisively‘?

Q4:
incorrigible /adjective/
in·cor·ri·gi·ble | \ in-ˈkȯr-ə-jə-bəl \
Definition of incorrigible
1: incapable of being corrected, improved, or reformed; not manageable or controllable
2: firmly rooted in bad habits or behavior; hopelessly delinquent
Example Sentences
 Despite numerous warnings, he remained an incorrigible prankster.
 The teacher gave up on trying to discipline the incorrigible student.
Synonyms - irreformable, incurable, hopeless, intractable, unchangeable
Antonyms - reformable, redeemable, correctable, manageable, obedient

1. How many syllables are there in the word ‗incorrigible‘ as per the above entry?
2. What part of speech is the word ‗incorrigible‘?

Q5:
reminiscing /verb/
rem·i·nisc·ing | \ ˌre-mə-ˈni-sing \
Definition of reminiscing
1: recalling past experiences, events, or memories, often with a sense of nostalgia or fondness
 31

2: engaging in the process of thinking or talking about past events

Example Sentences
 They spent the evening reminiscing about their college days.
 While looking at old photographs, she couldn‘t help but start reminiscing about her
childhood.
Synonyms - recalling, recollecting, remembering, reflecting, thinking back
Antonyms - forgetting, ignoring, overlooking, disregarding

1. Write an example sentence of the word ‗reminiscing‘

2. Write two synonyms of the word ‗reminiscing‘.

Q6:
fragrance /noun/
fra·grance | \ ˈfrā-grən(t)s \
Definition of fragrance
1: a pleasant and often subtle or delicate scent
2: the quality of having a sweet or agreeable smell
Example Sentences
 The fragrance of blooming flowers filled the garden.
 She wore a perfume with a light, floral fragrance that lingered in the air.
Synonyms - aroma, scent, perfume, bouquet, redolence
Antonyms - stench, odor, stink, malodor

1. What part of speech is the word ‗fragrance‘?

2. How do you use the word in a sentence?

Q7.
hostile /adjective/
hos·tile | \ ˈhä-stᵊl , -ˌtī(-ə)l \
Definition of hostile
1: unfriendly or antagonistic in nature; showing ill will or opposition
2: relating to or characteristic of an enemy; not supportive or favourable
3: opposed in feeling, action, or character
Example Sentences
 The conversation turned hostile when they disagreed on the issue.
 They entered hostile territory, knowing they might face danger.
Synonyms - antagonistic, unfriendly, aggressive, belligerent, confrontational
Antonyms - friendly, amicable, welcoming, cordial, supportive

1. What is the meaning of the word ‗hostile‘?

2. What part of speech is the word ‗hostile‘?

Q8:
apathy /noun/
ap·a·thy | \ ˈa-pə-thē \
Definition of apathy
1: lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern
 32

2: absence of emotion or passion; indifference

Example Sentences
 The student's apathy towards his studies was evident in his declining grades.
 Voter apathy is often a major issue during elections, leading to low turnout.
Synonyms - indifference, unconcern, disinterest, detachment, lethargy
Antonyms - enthusiasm, interest, passion, concern, engagement

1. Write two antonyms of the word ‗apathy‘.

2. Write an example sentence of the word ‗apathy‘.

Q9.
wistfully /adverb/
wist·ful·ly | \ ˈwist-fə-lē \
Definition of wistfully
1: in a manner full of yearning or longing, often tinged with sadness
2: showing a feeling of regretful desire or melancholy
Example Sentences
 She gazed wistfully at the photo of her childhood home.
 He spoke wistfully about the days when life was simpler.
Synonyms - longingly, nostalgically, pensively, regretfully, yearningly
Antonyms - contentedly, happily, joyfully, cheerfully, optimistically

1. What part of speech is the word ‗wistfully‘?

2. Write one antonym and one synonym of the wistfully.

Q10.
kindle /verb/
kin·dle | \ ˈkin-dᵊl \
Definition of kindle
1: to start a fire; to ignite or light
2: to arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling)
3: to become inflamed or illuminated
Example Sentences
 She used dry leaves and sticks to kindle the campfire.
 His speech kindled a sense of hope and excitement in the audience.
Synonyms - ignite, spark, arouse, inspire, inflame
Antonyms - extinguish, quench, suppress, douse, smother

10. 1. How can the word ‗kindle‘ be used in a sentence?

2. Write two synonyms of the word ‗kindle‘.

[Link]. 33: Using Phrasal Verbs and Idiomatic expressions in own sentences:
(Syllabus reference: Units 2, 4 and 6)

Model Paper Question:

 33

i. Phrasal Verb: come across

Ans: I have come across many wild animals in my journey through the African forest.

ii. Idiomatic expression: keep going

Ans: Just keep going in a straight line, you won’t miss it.

From Unit IV:

1: Get on = succeed
Ex. She‘s eager to get on in life.

2. Ran way = won easily

Ex. The visitors ran away with the match.

3. Ran out of = there is no more left / becomes used up.

Ex. Our car ran out of petrol just outside the city limits.

4. Reach out to = to offer help/support to/trying to get the attention of

Ex. The government wants to reach out to the people with this new campaign

5. Plunge in = go straight to the topic

Ex. Since no one would understand a word of my stories to Kitty if I were to plunge
right in.

6. Kept back = stay indoors

Ex. The police asked the spectators to keep back.

7. Move up = go to the next grade

Ex. With the help of the teachers I moved up.

8. Ramble on = speak or write without focus.

Ex. Anyone could ramble on and leave big spaces between the words.

9. Get along with=have a good relation with

Ex. I get along pretty well with all my teachers.

10. Calm down‘ = make remain quiet

Ex. My angry outbursts can‘t calm them down.

11. Stay in = stay indoors

Ex. We went to a movie last night, but tonight we're staying in.

12. Make up for = to compensate

Ex. No amount of money can make up for the death of a child.

13. Hand in = give an assignment (homework) to a person in authority (the teacher)

Ex. You must all hand in your projects by the end of next week.

14. Look up to = To admire or respect someone.

 34

Example: Many people around the world look up to Nelson Mandela for his courage
and dedication to freedom.

15. Break out = To start suddenly (usually something unpleasant like war, violence etc.
Example: Civil unrest broke out in South Africa as people fought against apartheid.

16. Take over = To assume control or responsibility for something.

Example: Nelson Mandela took over the leadership of the anti-apartheid movement in
South Africa.

17. Stand up for = To defend or support a cause or a person.

Example: Mandela always stood up for the rights of the oppressed in South Africa.

18. Bring about = To cause something to happen.

Example: Nelson Mandela‘s efforts helped bring about the end of apartheid in South
Africa.

19. Get along = To have a good relationship with someone.

Example: Mijbil quickly learned to get along with his owner, forming a close bond.

20. Come across = To find something or meet someone by chance.

Example: While exploring the marshes, the author would often come across Mijbil's
playful antics.

21. Set out = To begin a journey or an activity.

Example: The author set out on a journey to bring Mijbil to England from Iraq.

22. Look after = To take care of someone or something.

Example: It was a challenge for the author to look after Mijbil during their travels.

23. Break down = To stop functioning or to fail emotionally.

Example: The author‘s patience nearly broke down when Mijbil caused chaos on the
plane.

24. Turn up = To appear or arrive unexpectedly.

Example: Mijbil would often turn up in the most unexpected places, surprising the
author with his curious nature.

25. Settle down = To become calm or comfortable in a new environment.

Example: It took some time for Mijbil to settle down in the new surroundings of the
author‘s home in London.

26. Take to= To develop a liking for someone or something.

Example: Mijbil quickly took to the water, showing his natural swimming abilities as
an otter.

Idiomatic Expressions:

1. ―Not unmindful‖ - had not forgotten, was aware of the fact.

Ex. I was not unmindful of the fact that I was in chains.
 35

2. ―I were pushed to out limits‖ - felt that we could not endure the suffering any longer
Ex. When my comrades and I were pushed to our limits, we started our work.

3. ―keep me going‖ - help me continue to live in hope in this very difficult situation
Ex. Despite the challenges, my passion for music keeps me going every day.

4. "A spark had been lit" - This means a small event or action had triggered a larger
movement or reaction.
Ex. The idea for the project was born when a spark had been lit at the meeting.

5. "The writing was on the wall" - This means that the signs of something happening or about
to happen were clear.
Ex. After the company's financial struggles, the writing was on the wall, and we knew it
would close.

6. "Burning ambition" - This means a strong and passionate desire to achieve something.
Ex. She had a burning ambition to become a doctor and help people.

7. "Take the bull by the horns" - This means to confront a difficult situation or challenge
directly and boldly.
Ex. He decided to take the bull by the horns and start his own business.

8. "A long walk" - This is an idiomatic expression used by Mandela to describe his journey
towards freedom and equality.
Ex. The journey to success was a long walk, but he was determined to reach his goal.

9. "Bitter pill to swallow" - This means something unpleasant or difficult to accept.

Ex. "Losing my job was a bitter pill to swallow, but I'm trying to stay positive."

10. "Turn a blind eye" - This means to deliberately ignore or pretend not to see something.
Ex. "She turned a blind eye to her friend's flaws because she valued their friendship."

11. ―Quaking in its boots‖ = You feel extremely nervous or afraid.

Ex. Out entire class is quaking in its boots.

12. ―Not to loose heart‖ = become discouraged

Ex. Until then, we keep telling each other not to lose heart.

13. ―For ages‖ = for a long time

Ex. Mr Keesing was annoyed with me for ages because I talked so much.

14. ―The joke was on him‖ = If you say that the joke is on a particular person,
you mean that that person has tried to make someone else look silly but has made himself or
herself look silly instead.
Ex. Mr Keesing was trying to play a joke on me with this ridiculous subject, but I‘d make
sure the joke was on him.

15. ―Caught my eye‖ = to get / attract someone‘s attention

Ex. It was the unusual colour of his jacket that caught my eye.
 36

16. ‖He‘d had enough‖ = you are fed up with someone or something.
Ex. The children had been playing up all day and she'd had enough.

17. ―Laugh ourselves silly‖ = laugh uncontrollably for a long time

Ex. I laughed myself silly at his jokes.

18. ―Can‘t bring myself to‖ = not able to force yourself to do something.
Ex. I just couldn't bring myself to talk to him about it.

19. ―Be all eyes‖ = to be watching something carefully with a lot of interest
Ex. We were all eye as the celebrity guests emerged from the car.

20. ―Break somebody‘s heart‖ = to cause someone to feel great sorrow or sadness
Ex. He's broken a lot of girls' hearts.

21. ―Close/dear to heart‖ = very important to you / you are very concerned to someone
Ex. Animal welfare is a subject very close to my heart.

22. ―from the (bottom of your) heart‖= in a very sincere way

Ex. I appreciate you from the bottom of my heart for you achievement.

23. ―Have a heart‖ = be kind, be merciful

Ex. Please let me go to the party – have a heart!

24. ―Have a heart of stone‖ = an inflexible or unking disposition

Ex. She has a heart of stone.

25. ―Your heart goes out to somebody‖ = you feel sympathy for them
Ex. Our hearts go out to the families of the victims of this terrible tragedy.

[Link]. 34: Matching: Match the following words/phrases under column ‘A’ with their
equivalents in column ‘B’: (Syllabus reference: Unit 3 & 4)

Model Paper Question:

Column ‗A‘ Column ‗B‘

1. plunge in (b) a. submit an assignment to an authority
2. fly high © b. go straight to the topic
3. calm down (d) c. be successful
4. hand in (a) d. make / remain quiet

Q1:

Column ‗A‘ Column ‗B‘

1. typhoon (b) a. A violent storm with very strong winds, especially in the
western Atlantic Ocean.
2. tornado © b. A violent tropical storm with very strong winds
 37

3. cyclone (d) c. A violent storm whose centre is a cloud in the shape of a

funnel
4. hurricane (a) d. A violent tropical storm in which strong winds move in
a circle.

Q2:

Column ‗A‘ Column ‗B‘

1. plunge in b a. submit an assignment to an authority
2. fly high c b. go straight to the topic
3. calm down d c. be successful
4. hand in a d. make / remain quiet

Q3:

Column ‗A‘ Column ‗B‘

1. fly a flag a. move quickly / suddenly
2. fly into rage b. be successful
3. fly along c. display a flag on a long pole
4. fly high d. escape from a place
5. fly the coop e. become suddenly very angry

Q4:

Column ‗A‘ Column ‗B‘

1. Heartbreaking a. obeying and respecting the law
2. Homesick b. think about pleasant things, forgetting about the present
3. Blockhead c. something produced by a person, machine or
organisation
4. Law-abiding d. producing great sadness.
5. Overdo e. an occasion when vehicles/machines stop working
6. Daydream f. an informal word which means a verry stupid person
7. Breakdown g. missing home and family very much
8. Output h. do something to an excessive degree.

Q5:

Column ‗A‘ Column ‗B‘

1. plunge in a. speak or write without focus
2. kept back b. stay indoors
3. move up c. make (them) remain quiet
4. ramble on d. have a good relationship with
5. get along with e. give an assignment (homework) to a person in authority
(the teacher)
6. calm down f. compensate
7. stay in g. go straight to the topic
8. make up for h. go to the next grade
9. hand i. not promoted
 38

Key for [Link]. 18: Relative Clauses: (Who / Which / Whose / Whom)

1. I often go to Mumbai which is the commercial capital of India.

2. My mother, who cooks very well, is going to host a TV show on cooking.
3. These sportspersons, whose performance has been excellent, are going to meet the
President.
4. Lencho prayed to God whose eyes see into our minds.
5. This man cheated me whom I trusted.
6. Lencho, who had unwavering faith in God, was a farmer.
7. The postmaster, who was touched by Lencho's faith, decided to help him.
8. The hailstorm, which came suddenly, destroyed the entire crop
9. The hailstorm ruined Lencho's cropswhich were the only source of his livelihood.
10. Lencho wrote a letter to God which expressed his faith in divine help.
11. Lencho, whose faith in God was unshakable, was a poor farmer.12
12. The people in the post office, whom Lencho had no idea about, were generous.
13. Nelson Mandela, who spent 27 years in prison, became the first black president of South
Africa.
14. Apartheid, which was deeply rooted in South African society, was a system of racial
discrimination.
15. The policy of apartheid was abolished which marked the beginning of a new era in South
Africa.
16. The people of South Africa, whom Mandela led, elected him as their leader and symbol of
freedom.
17. Mandela, whose determination to end apartheid inspired many, was a man of great
courage.
18. The inauguration ceremony was held in Pretoria which became the symbol of a new
nation.
19. The young seagull, who hadn‘t yet used his wings, was afraid to fly.
20. The mother seagull was holding a piece of fish which tempted the young seagull.
21. The seagull‘s father, whose encouragement was crucial, called out to him to make the
flight.
22. The mysterious pilot, who disappeared without a trace, helped the narrator find his way.
23. The young seagull finally took his first flight which filled him with joy.
24. The black clouds surrounded the Dakota plane which made the pilot nervous.
25. The black aeroplane, which guided the Dakota safely through the storm, appeared out of
nowhere.
26: The teacher, who always tells interesting stories, gave us a lesson on bravery.
27. The artist painted a beautiful picture which was admired by everyone.
28. The bus was crowded which made the ride uncomfortable for everyone.
29. The flowers bloomed beautifully which added colour to the garden.
30. My friend, who won the first prize in the competition, is an excellent dancer.
31. The old man told us a story which was about his childhood.
32. The dog barked at the stranger which scared the children nearby.
33. The woman helped the injured bird which was lying on the road.
34. The boy, whose father is a doctor, lives next door.
35. The book, which belongs to my sister, is on the table.
36. The power went out suddenly which left the whole neighbourhood in darkness.
 39

37. The girl, whom everyone likes, is very kind.

38. The cake was delicious which made everyone want a second slice.
39. The dog, whose owner was not at home, barked loudly.
40. The man, who is my uncle, was reading a newspaper.
41. The lady, who is very patient, teaches us English.
42. The cat jumped onto the table which was covered with books.
43. The train, which was delayed by an hour, caused many passengers to miss their
connections.
44. The soup, which was too hot, burned my tongue.
45. The rain, which soaked everyone on the street, started suddenly.
46. The car, which was very old, broke down.
47. The bicycle, which belongs to my brother, is broken.
48. The phone, which rang in the middle of the night, startled me.
49. The alarm,which rang loudly, woke up the whole family.
50. The tree, which was very old, was struck by lightning.
51. The child, whose toys are all over the yard, is playing outside.
52. The singer, who is very popular, has a beautiful voice.
53. The movie, which was very long, made everyone feel tired.
54. The wind, which blew fiercely, knocked down the trees.

Key for [Link]. 19: (Passive Voice)

1. The walls were painted by Ramesh

2. All the students were given sweets yesterday.
3. My room is cleaned everyday in the morning.
4. A large number of films on wildlife conservation have been made.
5. Rice is cultivated in Gangetic valley and coastal region.
6. The Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan.
7. Malaria is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito.
8. The case was solved by the police and two persons were arrested.
9. Many houses and lives were destroyed by the volcanic eruption in Mt. Etna.
10. The ultra violet rays, entering the earth‘s surface, are prevented by the ozone layer.
11. The field has been converted into playground.
12. His wings were flapped desperately by the young seagull.
13. A piece of fish had been picked up by his mother.
14. The sea was brightly shone over by the sun.
15. A bit dizzy and faint was felt by him.
16. He was being called to shrilly by the seagull's mother.
17. Nothing had been eaten by the little bird.
18. He was frightened by the waves beneath.
19. His breast feathers were rushed against by the wind.
20. He was encouraged to fly by the seagull‘s family.
21. A loud scream was uttered by him when he dived.
22. The corn field was damaged by the hailstorm.
23. They were called by the woman for dinner.
24. A letter to God was written by Lencho.
25. The letter had been handed over to his boss by the postman. (or) The letter had been
handed over by the postman to his boss.
26. The post office staff are suspected by Lencho.
27. A deep and lasting would was created by the policy of apartheid.
 40

28. Someone else‘s freedom is being taken away by me.

29. Our political emancipation has been achieved by us.
30. Mandela was saluted by the army generals.
31. A harshest society was created by them.
32. My old Dakota aeroplane was being flown by me.
33. I was answered immediately by the voice from the radio.
34. A diary was being written by me.
35. I was sent to Holland by my parents.
36. Bets are being made by half of the class.
37. Those two boys are always laughed at by me.
38. The rest of my homework had been finished by me.
39. I was assigned extra homework, after so many warnings.
(or)
Extra homework was assigned to me, after so many warning.
40. My poem was finished.
41. The diary has been started by me.
42. My mother was married by my father when he was thirty six.
43. My birthday had been celebrated.
44. I was being assigned extra homework by him.
45. Three pages are written by me everyday.
46. Let the door be closed.
47. Let the flowers not be plucked.
48. Let the dog not be beaten.
49. You are requested to give me your mobile.
50. Let the cow be tied.

Key for [Link]. 20: Indirect Speech

1. A K Hangal asked why he wanted to know his age.

2. We enquire what the secret it.
3. I said that he was rather energetic.
4. He replied that he had joined the industry when people retire.
5. He says that he has always been underpaid.
6. He says regretfully that he was a fool not to understand the value of money before.
7. Lomov asked Stepan Stepanovitch respectfully if he thought he mightcount on her
consent.
8. Lomov said that he was getting a noise in his ears from excitement.
9. Natalya Stepanovna asked why he hadn‘t been there for such a long time.
10. Chubukov asked him what the matter was.
11. Natalya Stepanovna declared that her mowers would be there that very day.
12. Lomov said that he had come only to see him/her./
13. Chubukov asked fondly why the speaker was in evening dress.
14. Chubukov said that he had come to borrow money.
15. Lomov said that he had come to ask the hand of his daughter, Natalya Stepanovna, in
marriage.
16. Lomov said that he was trembling all over.
17. Natalya asked why he hadn‘t been there for such a long time.
18. Natalya said that the weather was spending then but the day before it had been so wet.
19. Natalya enquired whether he was going to a ball.
20. Lomov told Natalya that he should try to be brief.
 41

21. Lomov told Natalya that she would remember that his Oxen Meadows touch her
birchwoods.
22. Lomov told Natalya respectfully that she could see from the documents.
23. Lomov told Natalya Stepanovna that he would show her the documents.
24. Natalya told Lomov that he could not stand unfairness.
25. Natalya said that she could make him a present of them herself, because they were hers.
26. He said that he was going to the market.
27. She said that she had finished her homework.
28. They said that they would be visiting their grandparents the next weekend.
29. The teacher said that students should submit their assignments on time.
30. John said that he had been watching a movie the previous night.
31. He asked me if I was coming to the party.
32. She asked him where he lived.
33. The officer asked why I hadn't reported the incident immediately.
34. The student asked the teacher if he could help him with the problem.
35. He asked if I would join them for dinner.
36. The mother told her child not to touch the hot pan.
37. The coach advised the players to practice regularly to improve their skills.
38. She asked him to close the window.
39. The doctor advised me to take the medicine twice a day.
40. The manager ordered to submit the report by the next day.
41. The players shouted with joy that they had won the match.
42. The villagers lamented that the old man had passed away.
43. He exclaimed that it was a beautiful painting.
44. She said that the weather was wonderful that day.
45. The child asked why the sky was blue.
46. The boss asked her if she had completed the project on time.
47. She asked the student who his favourite author was.
48. The father advised his son always to speak the truth.
49. The teacher reminded the students not to forget to bring their textbooks the next day.
50. The audience exclaimed with admiration that it had been an amazing performance.

Key for [Link]. 21( Prepositions)

1. in 2. from 3. into 4. out 5. by 6. by 7. Of

8. to 9. to 10. of 11. in 12. at 13. of 14. with
15. to 16. on 17. from 18. to 19. at 20. from 21. on
22. for 23. at 24. to 25. of 26. in 27. under 28. at, at
29. on 30. by 31. since 32. in 33. over 34. on 35. on
36. on 37. in 38. in 39. at 40. at 41. to 42. from
43. in 44. across 45. for 46. to 47. on 48. through 49. at
50. for 51. by 52. at 53. on 54. from 55. on

Q No. 22 Key:

1. a) are b) for c) earns d) at

2. a) about b) each c) tell d) decided
3. a) a b) of c) too d) fall
4. a) am b) for c) made d) took
5. a) beside b) find c) suddenly d) in
 42

6. a) is b) parts c) form d) groups

7. a) children are b) learn c) to d) about
8. a) the b) measured c) in d) and
9. a) in b) needs c) and d) the
10. a) on b) has c) are d) and

Key for [Link]. 23: (Articles)

1. A, a, The, the 2. the 3. a, the 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. an 8. a

9. The 10. the 11. a 12. a 13. The
14. a 15. The 16. The 17. a 18. a
19. The 20. the 21. the 22. the 23. The
24. the 25. a 26. an 27. The 28. a
29. the, a 30. a 31. the, the 32. a, the 33. a
34. an 35. the 36. the 37. the
38. The 39. The 40. the 41. an 42. an
43. the 44. the 45. The 46. a 47. The
48. The 49. a, the 50. the 51. a 52. a, the
53. an 54. the 55. the 56. The 57. The
58. an 59. The 60. a

Key to [Link]. 24: (would / used)

Textual:

1. Emperor Akbar used to be fond of musical evenings.

2. Every evening we would take long walks on the beach.
3. Fifty years ago, very few people used to own cars.
4. Till the 1980s, Shanghai used to have very dirty streets.
5. My uncle used to spend his holidays by the sea.
6. My uncle used to be fond of musical evenings.
7. My uncle would take long walks on the beach.

General:

1. used to play 2. would tell 3. used to have 4. would go

5. used to believe 6. used to be 7. would watch 8. used to not like / didn't use to
like
9. would give 10. used to live 11. would drive 12. used to have
13. would play 14. used to be 15. would take 16. would visit
17. used to collect 18. used to be 19. would argue 20. would listen
[Link] bake 22. used to have 23. would go 24. used to believe
25. would play 26. used to be 27. would tell 28. would ride
29. would read 30. would stay 31. would spend 32. used to own
33. would climb 34. used to be 35. would write 36. would celebrate
37. would sew 38. used to be 39. would go 40. used to have

Key to [Link]. 25:Noun Modifiers:

Textual & General

 43

1. Lencho wrote a letter addressed to God.

2. Nelson Mandela became the historic president.
3. The seagull saw the vast and inviting sea.
4. Coorg is a place famous for its coffee plantations.
5. Anne Frank wrote a world-famous diary.
6. The Otter came from the Tigris marshes in Iraq.
7. Bismillah Khan played a soulful shehnai.
8. The pilot saw stormy and dangerous clouds.
9. The penguins were covered in waterproof feathers.
10. Pranjol read a book about the tea gardens of Assam.
11. The black aeroplane flew across the cloud-filled sky.
12. The tiger was moving in a narrow cage.
13. The baker walked down the old, busy street.
14. The young girl looked at the star-filled night sky.
15. The two boys went to the roadside tea shop.
16. The author visited the Dachigam National Park in Kashmir.
17. The statue stood in the centre of the bustling square.
18. The fog covered the tall, majestic mountains.
19. The young soldier returned from the devastating war.
20. The swallow flew over the calm, wide river.
21. Mandela‘s African National Congress party formed a democratic, non-racial
government.
22. We looked at the spectacular array of the formation by the South African jets
over the Union Buildings.
23. Decades of oppression produced some leaders like Oliver Tambos, Walter Sisulu etc.
with extraordinary courage, wisdom, and generosity.
24. I read a very popular book ‗The Diary of a Young Girl.‘
25. Valli went to the city in an old bus with some green stripes along the side.
26. Valli suddenly noticed a young and strong cow running right in front of the bus.
27. She baked a delicious cake.
28. He bought a leather jacket.
29. I adopted a playful dog.
30. They booked a hotel close to the beach.
31. She has a fast bicycle.
32. He attended a technology seminar.
33. We visited a flower-filled park.
34. She received a letter from her cousin.
35. He built a house on a hill.
36. They bought a colourful painting.
37. I read Gitanjali written by Rabindranath Tagore.
38. She bought a red car with a powerful engine.
39. We visited a museum known for its ancient artifacts.
40. They live in a stone house with a large garden.
41. She read a novel by a famous author.
42. He bought a handcrafted guitar.
43. We watched an entertaining movie.
44. They climbed a snow-covered mountain.
45. She found a gold necklace.
46. He purchased a bicycle with gears.
 44

47. They adopted a blue-eyed cat.

48. She visited a city known for its architecture.
49. He gifted me a waterproof watch.
50. They rented a cottage by the lake.

Key for QNo 26: Giving Advice:

1. It is better to call a technician to repair our TV at home.

2. You should see a doctor.
3. You ought to clean the room.
4. You had better take an umbrella.
5. You must study for your exam.
6. You should help them with their homework.
7. You ought to restart your computer.
8. You had better fix the tire or get it repaired.
9. You should wait for the next one or find an alternative way.
10. You must return them to the library.
11. You should hurry home.
12. You had better call a mechanic.
13. You ought to charge your phone soon.
14. You should talk to your friend and comfort them.
15. You must ask the teacher for clarification.
16. You should exercise regularly and eat well.
17. ou had better manage your time wisely to complete it.
18. You should check the connections or call a technician.
19. You had better get a spare key.
20. You ought to drink plenty of water and stay indoors.
21. You should be quiet in the library.
22. You must feed the dog.
23. You should call to let them know.
24. You ought to use the trash bin.
25. You had better rest and go to bed early tonight.
26. You should not skip class.
27. You must ask for help or prioritize your tasks.
28. You ought to take a break from the phone.
29. You had better iron your clothes.
30. You should stop teasing that physically challenged boy.
31. You should wash hands before meals.
32. How about going to a movie tonight?
33. It would be better for you to learn a few words in Tamil.
34. It would be better for you to learn a few Kannada words.
35. You should wake up early and prepare well for the examinations.
36. It would be better for us to throw rubbish in the rubbish dumb.
37. It would be better for you to read an English newspaper daily.
38. It would be better for you to take coconut water instead of soft drinks.
39. It would be better for you to consult a doctor.
40. You should stop smoking.
41. It would be better for you to do yoga every day.
42. You should join in a dance school.
 45

Key to [Link]. 27: Synonyms:

1. a) destruction b) unwavering c) surprised d) misfortune

2. a) hopefulness b) taught c) morality d) sunrise
3. a) kept on b) damaged c) heart d) cyclone
4. a) ritual b) auditorium c) years d) power
5. a) criminals b) honour c) well-known d) ownership
6. a) friends b) bravery c) illtreat d) flexibility
7. a) edge b) gather c) worried d) scolding
8. a) recklessly b) high c) slowly d) unsteady
9. a) peculiarly b) cyclone c) reach d) gasoline
10. a) improve b) picture c) mind‘s eye d) truths
11. a) party b) planned c) sincere d) commitment
12. a) point of view b) gave c) incurable d) sufficient
13. a) appeared b) large c) look like d) shield
14. a) unfriendly b) separate c) stayed d) laziness
15. a) wealthy b) overweight c) proof d) look
16. a) friendliness b) narrate c) many d) courage
17. a) wonderful b) thickly c) overextended d) strong
18. a) attractive b) journeyed c) view d) basis
19. a) irresistible b) longingly c) ignite d) desires
20. a) waterway b) contracted c) faraway d) trench
21. a) holy b) crowned heads c) protected d) march
22. a) suffering b) get c) crying d) pointer

Key to [Link]. 28: Antonyms:

1. a. stale, old, rotting, tired, soiled etc.

b. displeasure, dissatisfaction, unhappiness, misery
c. departed
d. large, tall, high, towering

2. a) possible, achievable, workable

b) scatter, disperse, separate
c) individually, independently, apart, separately
d) unable, unfit

3. a) greatest, largest, maximum

b) pleased, delighted, happy
c) permissible, acceptable
d) slowly

4. a) dim, dull, dark, gloomy

b) unpleasantly, badly, awfully, terribly
c) disrespects, insult
d) smallest

5. a) ugly, poor, awful

b) powerlessness, weakness
 46

c) same, similar
d) removal, discharge

6. a) quickly
b) dependence, captivity, restriction
c) extended, prolonged
d) detached, separated

7. a) small, tiny, limited, minor

b) minimised, contracted, belittled
c) uncertain
d) always

8. a) something, nothing
b) gradually, slowly
c) disbelieve, doubt
d) alive

9. a) familiar, usual, common

b) always
c) earlier
d) smaller, lesser

10. a) fresh, rejuvenated, relaxed

b) dullness, dryness
c) copy, fake, subsequent
d) uncertain, doubtful

11. a) lit, ignited, lighted

b) modern, unconventional, nontraditional
c) departure, exit
d) dead, expired

12. a) gently
b) certainly, impossibly
c) ascent
d) practical

13. a) sparsely, thinly

b) huge, enormous, large
c) soft, tender, delicate
d) disorderly

14. a) asymmetrical
b) invisible
c) hard
d) unexpected
 47

15. a) friendly, hospitable

b) social, warm, friendly
c) interested, concern, aware
d) impossible

16. a) unpleasant, boring

b) simple, simplify
c) usual
d) repelling

17. a) carelessly, recklessly

b) irregularly
c) indiscreet, obvious
d) same, similar

18. a) lend
b) slightly
c) long, tall
d) fiction, unreality

Key for [Link]. 29:

1. a. predicted b. began c. approaching d. pleasure

2. a. really b. quickly c. rained d. covered

3. a. slightest b. seeing c. confidence d. counted

4. a. created b. spend c. recovering d. produced

5. a. hating b. learn c. naturally d. pushed

6. a. knew b. liberated c. takes d. oppressed

7. a) unforgivable b) self-reliant
8. a) successful b) turning
9. a) freedom b) high
10. a) curious b) thoughts
11. a) fearful b) hopeful
12. a) powerful b) unbelievable
13. a) famous b) beautiful
14. a) fascinated b) traditional
15. a) rich b) hospitable
16. a) intriguing b) valour
17. a) intelligent b) playful c) entertaining
18. a) amusing
19. a) patience b) mischievous
20. a) curious b) determined
21. a) courage b) independence
22. a) sermon b) important
23. a) suffering b) inevitable
 48

24. a) enlighten b) peace

25. a) nervous b) propose
26. a) ridiculousness b) marriage

Key for [Link]. 30:

1. e s t 2. e r 3. n e s s 4. i b l e 5. t i o n 6.t i o n
7. a b l e 8. m e n t 9. f u l
10. im 11. un 12. in 13. un 14. un 15. re
16. dis 17. in 18. ful 19. er 20. ly [Link]
22. able 23. un 24. ment 25. al 26. ly 27. ly
28. less 29. ment 30. ly 31. ous 32. able 33. ir
34. im 35. re 36. un 37. ir 38. re 39. ment
40. re

Key for [Link]. 31:

1. downpour 2. mountains 3. frozen 4. resolution

5. immediately 6. president 7. suffering 8. oppression
9. inauguration
10. intimately 11. possession 12. brutality 13. twilight
14. transitory 15. plunge 16. starve 17. soaring
18. liable 19. musings 20. incorrigible

Key for [Link]. 32: Dictionary Entry

1. 1. Noun
2. segregation, racialism

2. 1. living without companions, not social

2. social, gregarious, accompanied

3. 1. adverb
2. in a manner expressing contempt or ridicule

4. 1. Five
2. Adjective

5. 1. They spent the evening reminiscing about their college days. (or)
While looking at old photographs, she couldn‘t help but start reminiscing about
her childhood.
2. recalling, recollecting

6. 1. Noun
2. The fragrance of blooming flowers filled the garden.

7. 1. unfriendly or antagonistic in nature; showing ill will or opposition

2. Adjective
 49

8. 1. enthusiasm, interest, passion, concern, engagement

2. The student‘s apathy towards his studies was evident in his declining grades.

9. 1. Adverb
2. longingly/nostalgically/pensively ; happily, joyfully, cheerfully
10. 1. She used dry leaves and sticks to kindle the campfire.
2. ignite, spart, arouse, inspire, inflame.