Monitoring and Evaluation - 60 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. What is the primary purpose of monitoring in a project?

A. To punish poor performance

B. To ensure accountability only

C. To track progress and identify issues

D. To conduct final assessment

Answer: C

2. Evaluation is typically conducted:

A. Before the project starts

B. During the planning phase only

C. At the end or at key milestones

D. Weekly throughout the project

Answer: C

3. Which of the following is NOT a type of evaluation?

A. Formative

B. Summative

C. Cumulative

D. Impact

Answer: C

4. An indicator in M&E is used to:

A. Replace project goals

B. Describe stakeholders

C. Measure change or progress

D. Make budget estimates

Answer: C
5. What does SMART stand for in SMART indicators?

A. Simple, Measurable, Active, Reasonable, Timed

B. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound

C. Sustainable, Monitorable, Actionable, Result-based, Transparent

D. Strategic, Measurable, Applicable, Reliable, Testable

Answer: B

6. Which of the following is a qualitative data collection method?

A. Survey

B. Questionnaire

C. Focus group discussion

D. Census

Answer: C

7. Which document outlines what should be monitored and evaluated, and how?

A. Budget plan

B. Logical Framework Matrix (Logframe)

C. Environmental Impact Assessment

D. Stakeholder Register

Answer: B

8. What is a baseline study used for in M&E?

A. To determine the final outcomes

B. To assess stakeholder satisfaction

C. To provide a starting point for comparison

D. To calculate project costs

Answer: C

9. Which type of evaluation assesses the long-term effects of a project?

A. Midterm evaluation
 B. Process evaluation

C. Formative evaluation

D. Impact evaluation

Answer: D

10. Monitoring is usually conducted:

A. Occasionally when issues arise

B. Continuously during the project

C. Only before and after project

D. Once at the end

Answer: B

11. One key difference between monitoring and evaluation is:

A. Monitoring is subjective, evaluation is objective

B. Monitoring is done at the end, evaluation is ongoing

C. Monitoring tracks progress; evaluation judges success

D. Monitoring involves only external stakeholders

Answer: C

12. What tool is often used to plan indicators, means of verification, and assumptions?

A. M&E Matrix

B. Logframe

C. Flowchart

D. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Answer: B

13. What is an output in the context of M&E?

A. The immediate results of activities

B. The overall goal of the project

C. The resources used

Answer: A

14. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of good evaluation?

A. Timely

B. Biased

C. Participatory

D. Transparent

Answer: B

15. A performance indicator must be:

A. Broad and conceptual

B. Specific and measurable

C. Random and undefined

D. General and flexible

Answer: B

16. Which of the following tools is most commonly used for project evaluation?

A. PERT chart

B. SWOT analysis

C. Logical Framework (Logframe)

D. Bar chart

Answer: C

17. Data that can be counted and expressed in numbers is called:

A. Descriptive data

B. Quantitative data

C. Qualitative data

D. Theoretical data

Answer: B
18. The purpose of a mid-term evaluation is to:

A. Close the project

B. Modify ongoing activities if needed

C. Conduct a financial audit

D. Replace project staff

Answer: B

19. Which of the following is an example of a qualitative method?

A. Household survey

B. Key informant interview

C. Structured observation

D. Census

Answer: B

20. The 'Means of Verification' in a logframe tells you:

A. How much the indicator will cost

B. How an indicator will be measured

C. What risks are involved

D. When the activities will be done

Answer: B

21. Which of the following is NOT a step in the M&E process?

A. Indicator development

B. Data collection

C. Fund disbursement

D. Reporting

Answer: C

22. What is a key risk in relying solely on quantitative methods in evaluation?

A. Results are too detailed

C. Context and perceptions may be ignored

D. The sample size is too small

Answer: C

23. In project management, M&E results are primarily used to:

A. Justify staff bonuses

B. Provide input for future planning and decision making

C. Replace financial reporting

D. Train new employees

Answer: B

24. One of the core principles of participatory monitoring and evaluation is:

A. Exclusion of community views

B. Expert-driven decisions

C. Inclusion of stakeholders at all levels

D. Only reporting outcomes

Answer: C

25. What kind of evaluation is conducted while the project is still in progress to improve

performance?

A. Final evaluation

B. Formative evaluation

C. Impact evaluation

D. Cost-benefit evaluation

Answer: B

26. The process of ensuring that data collected is accurate and consistent is called:

A. Data manipulation

B. Data triangulation
 C. Data quality assurance

D. Data archiving

Answer: C

27. In the context of evaluation, what does 'attribution' mean?

A. Identifying project staff roles

B. Assigning credit for observed results

C. Setting project objectives

D. Sharing reports with donors

Answer: B

28. Which of the following is most important when selecting indicators?

A. Popularity

B. Cost of collection

C. Relevance to objectives

D. Complexity

Answer: C

29. What does the 'Theory of Change' describe?

A. The sequence of activities for project budgeting

B. A framework for changing government policies

C. The logic of how project interventions will lead to desired outcomes

D. How to change organizational culture

Answer: C

30. A key limitation of using only internal evaluation is:

A. It requires more time

B. It is more expensive

C. It may lack objectivity or credibility

D. It requires external funding