LESSON 10 FORCE , WORK AND ENERGY : THE DYNAMIC WORLD
PAGE 95 GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING :
DICTATION WORDS
1. Fulcrum 8. Potential
2. Effort 9. Inclined plane
3. Lever 10. Pulley
4. Gravitational 11. Movable
5. Frictional 12. Rigid
6. Force 13. Wheel and Axle
7. Kinetic 14. Arrangement
15. Wedge
1. Elastic Force – rubber band when stretched
2. Frictional Force --- writing
3. Gravitational Force --- throwing a ball up
4. Muscular Force ---- Pulling , pushing
PAGE 99
Q 1 What is force ?
ANS Force is defined as the push or pull that changes the state of a
body on which it acts .
Q2. Name any two types of forces .
ANS Muscular force and Elastic force
Q3. Name any two forms of energy.
ANS Light energy and Heat energy
PAGE 103
Q1. What is fulcrum in a lever ?
ANS It is the fixed point on which the lever moves.
Q2. Give two examples of third –class levers.
ANS Fire Tongs and stapler
Q3. Explain what a pulley is .
ANS A pulley is a simple machine having a wheel with grooves in it .A
rope or chain is wrapped round the wheel.Onw end of the rope is
attached to the load, and force is applied on the other end.
TICK THE CORRECT ANSWER
1. This is the force applied when we push or pull something .—
muscular
2. We are able to walk because of this force .--- frictional
3. Moving objects have:-- kinetic energy
4. A wheelbarrow is an example of : --- second – class lever
5. Ramp for wheelchairs is an example of -- inclined plane
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. An object that is not moving is said to be in a state of rest .
2. The planets move around the sun to the gravitational force of the
sun.
3. The energy possessed by body due to its position is potential
energy .
4. The fixed point on which a lever turns is called fulcrum.
5. Energy is the capacity to do work .
MATCH THE FOLLOWING
1. Third –class lever ----- fishing rod
2. Inclined plane --- ------ children’s slide
3. Wheel and axle --------pencil sharpener
4. Screw --------------------- bottle lid
5. First – class lever ------ see-saw
6. Wedge ------------------- blade
7. Second – class lever – wheelbarrow
WRITE SHORT ANSWERS
Q1. What is gravitational force ?
ANS Force which attracts all the objects to the centre of the earth .
Q2. Why is it difficult to walk on a polished surface ?
ANS It is difficult to walk on a polished surface because the friction is
less so we might slip.
Q3. What is solar energy ?
ANS The energy obtained from sun is called solar energy .
Q4. Name the parts of a lever .
ANS Load , fulcrum and effort
Q5. Which simple machine principle is used to push wheelchairs
using hospital ramp?
ANS An Inclined plane
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
Q1. What is the difference between the three types of levers ?
ANS First class lever – fulcrum is in the middle , and load and effort
are on either sides .
Second class lever – The load is between the fulcrum and the
effort.
Third class lever --- The effort is between the fulcrum and the
load .
Q2. Define work with some examples .
ANS Work is said to be done only if the force applied on the body
causes the body to move in the direction of force applied.
Ex— When we push a table forward and the table moves , then the
work is done.
Q3. Define mechanical energy . Name its two types .
ANS Mechanical energy is possessed by body due to its position or
motion. Its two types are – kinetic energy( due to position) and
potential energy (due to motion).
Q4. What are the types of pulley ? Give examples of each .
ANS 1. Fixed pulley- The axle is fixed . Ex-- Drawing water from a
well , Hoisting a flag .
2. Movable pulley – The pulley moves with the load Ex- In
cranes and in ropeways
Q5. Why do carpenters prefer using a screw to a nail ?
ANS Carpenters prefer using screws to nails as screws hold things
tightly than a nail as they have ridges in them and they do not
separate easily .
THINK AND ANSWER
Q 1. Why does a ripened fruit fall down from the tree ?
ANS Because of gravitational force
Q2. Why is it easier to roll a drum rather than push ?
ANS Because rolling friction offers less resistance than sliding
friction .
