OVERVIEW TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY

SECURITY is defined as the use of “measures designed to safeguard personnel, to prevent unauthorized access to
equipment, facilities, materials, and documents and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, theft, and fraud.

It is important to everyone especially:

• Homeowners
• Parents
• Employee
• Online shopper
• Private companies
• Government
The security of any business establishment today is a complex process. Security work involves active measures and
passive measures so that effective defense can be established against crimes.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SECURITY

PHYSICAL SECURITY- it is the broadest branch of security which is concerned with the physical measures adapted to
prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materials, and documents and to safeguard them against
espionage, damage, and theft. It is also known as the first line of defense.

COMMUNICATION SECURITY this type of security focus on the application of various measures that prevent or delay
the enemy or unauthorized person from gaining information through the communication system.

HOTEL SECURITY- which refers to the protection of assets, personal effects and other properties in hotels inns and
other security

BANK SECURITY- is also a type of security wherein it specializes in protecting the assets also the personnel and the
operation of the bank with special emphasis to the precaution and measures to safeguard cash and assets while in
storage or in transit.

DOCUMENT SECURITY-type of security involving the protection of documents and classified papers from loss of
access of by unauthorized person or damage, theft and compromise disclosure

PERSONAL SECURITY- this type of security involves the protection of personnel/employees especially ranking
officials from any harm, kidnapping or any acts.

CRISIS SECURITY- part of the VIP security.

INDUSTRIAL SECURITY- a type of security applied for business groups engage in industries like manufacturing,
assembling research and development, processing, warehousing and agriculture.

OPERATIONAL SECURITY - type of security that deals primarily with the protection of processes, formula, patents,
trade secrets and other industrial manufacturing activities from espionage, infiltration, loss, compromise and photo
copying.

AIR CARGO SECURITY- which is applied to minimize if not prevent the loss of cargos during transit.

SUPERMARKET SECURITY - a type of security applied in response of resuming bazaars, marts, supermalls, and the
like.

SCHOOL SECURITY- this is applied in response to the increase of violent crimes committed against students and
school personnel’s and school properties. To maintain the orderliness of the school premises and properties.

PERSONNEL SECURITY- this is involve in the background checks of individuals commensurate with security
requirements of their work. This includes measures to protect employees of an organization or business
establishments. The weakest link of security.

SEC_RITY is not complete without U

3 MAJOR DIVISIONS OF SECURITY
• PHYSICAL
• PERSONNEL
• DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION

PHYSICAL SECURITY is the broadest type of security and is defined as those measures taken to prevent physical
access or entry to an installations or area by unauthorized person.

PERSONNEL SECURITY – the second line of defense. This division of security is applied to check the background of
the person as well as the protection of the company personnel against potential harmful acts and conditions.

DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION it involves protection of documents, classified papers and vital records from loss
access from unauthorized persons, damage, theft, compromise through proper storage and procedures.

HISTORY OF SECURITY (INTERNATIONAL SETTINGS)

• The historical roots of private security can be traced back to thousands of years when the protection of life and
personal property were up to the individual, and later on passed to tribes, and then to cities. In pre-historic
times, man recognized the need to keep himself safe from both known and unknown enemies such as animals,
other inhabitants and the environment itself. He used different methods to keep himself safe such as crafting
weapons out of stone and metal, building fire to ward off animals, staying in caves or tree houses, and even
staying in the middle of the lake for protection.
• The Greeks of the ancient period were the ones who organized the first police force in the city States which
they termed polis. The Romans, on the other hand, established the Praetorian Guards known as vigils who
were tasked to be fire fighters.
• In the middle Ages during their invasion of England, the French formed a group of carefully selected men
called shires or sheriff to look after the peace and order of the different regions.
• The greatest influence in the history of security came from England. In 1655, Oliver Cromwell set up in England
and Wales a police force that operated to capture and punish criminals. In 1748, London magistrate Henry
Fielding introduced the concept of crime prevention by organizing citizen patrols or watchmen that not only
chased criminals for felony and misdemeanour but also served Fielding’s purpose of preventing crime ahead of
time with their patrolling function. Fifty years later, English Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel formed the first
formal police department.
• During the colonial period in the United States, immigrants from England, Ireland, and Scotland came to
American shores bringing with them this British approach to policing. At the time, law enforcement officers had
to deal with rampant crime in U.S cities and had little time and resources left to deal with the protection of
private property. Hence, citizens who wanted protection for their private properties had to depend on the
armed immigrants who were prepared to deal with criminals. This watchman form of security was to become
the early version of private security practices that endure to this day (Fay, 2006).

HISTORY OF SECURITY (PHILIPPINE SETTINGS)

• During the pre-colonial period in the Philippines, the sovereign monarchs called datu or lakan had servants
called aliping namamahay who acted as their watchman or protector.
• The Spanish colonial government introduced the Guardia Civil in the Philippines in 1868 to serve as the police
force based on the Civil Guard of Spain. They performed patrol functions in cities and towns, organized
operations for the suppression of bandit groups, and imposed penalties for infringement of laws and local
ordinances.
• The constable of the American colonial period in the Philippines became the forebear of the present national
police. During that time, a couple of constable officers were adequate to maintain the peace and order in the
town or sitio.
• After World War II, the Indian national or the Bombay pioneered as the watchman who protected a specific
building or commercial establishment.
• Today, private security has a major role in the preservation and protection of peace and order in the country. It
complements police efforts by providing additional security during emergency responses and public events as
well as safety precaution and protection of property and assets (Bobier, 2013).

ETYMOLOGY OF SECURITY
SECURITY came from the latin word securus/ securitas which means free from care. The word secure is
derived from the Latin secures which means “safe” or “without care” or from se cura, wherein se means “free
from” and cura means “care.” To be secure could mean many different things. It could mean being free from
danger, risk, injury, fear, trouble, doubt or anxiety. Being secure could also refer to being dependable, strong,
good, impregnable or inviolable. Or simply, it could mean having peace of mind

DEFINITION OF SECURITY
Security can be defined as the degree of protection or resistance against harm, danger, loss, and criminals. As
a form of protection, it includes structures and processes that provide or improve security as a condition
(Bobier, 2013).

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SECURITY

1. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY- cannot be delegated but the security tasks or functions can be
assigned. (also known as superior responsibility)

 Command Responsibility is often misunderstood... It is not a form of objective liability whereby a superior
could be held criminally responsible for crimes committed by the subordinates... Instead, command
responsibility is a form of responsibility for omission to act: a superior may be held criminally
responsible under the doctrine where, despite his awareness of the crimes of subordinates, he culpably
falls to fulfil his duties to prevent and punish these crimes.

2. COMPARTMENTALIZATION- compartmentalization, in information security, whether public or private,

is the limiting of access to information to persons or other entities on a need-to-know basis to perform
certain task.

 If you tell people something on a need-to-know basis, you only tell them the facts they need to know at
the time they need to know them, and nothing more.

3. BALANCE BETWEEN SECURITY AND EFFICIENCY- security prevails over

 Effective- is defined as “producing a decided, decisive, or desired effect.” Meanwhile, the word
“efficient” is defined as “capable of producing desired results with little or no waste (as of time or
materials.

4. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SECURITY REMAIN CONSTANT

"CIA triad" stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

5. SECURITY IS THE CONCERN OF ALL PERSONNEL

CURRENT TREND IN SECURITY

• History shows how public law enforcement and private security evolved from the same roots but eventually
took different directions.
• The police served the public’s interest while the security force served private interests.
• As crime became a bigger problem especially in the urban areas, police departments who previously looked
down at private security are now beginning to see the benefits of building a partnership with them.
• Now, police functions that did not involve enforcement, arrest or the use of force inside work spaces are turned
over to security.
• Traffic control around large commercial properties and patrol functions around private neighbourhoods are
also now often provided by security officers (Fay, 2006).

RULE XVIII DUTIES DURING STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS Section 3. Inter-relationship between Private
Security Personnel and members of the PNP (IRR, RA 5847)

a. Private Security Personnel are always subordinates to members of the PNP on matters pertaining to
law enforcement and crime preventions. They cannot enforce any provision of the law except in
executing citizen’s arrest and/or conducting initial investigation of a commission of a crime. In such case,
any arrested person shall be turned over immediately to the nearest PNP unit/station.
b. Criminal investigation is the responsibility of the PNP. All results of initial investigation conducted
by private security personnel and all evidence gathered by them shall be turned over to the PNP
unit/station concerned as a matter of course without delay.

• With the advent of terrorism in the countries around the globe, it becomes more important to build a strong
partnership between the police who respond to terrorist acts and security officers who respond on the private
premises that they protect.
• This collaboration should also involve leaders and enforcers in other fields such as fire fighting, disaster
management, emergency medical treatment and public health.
• This, of course, entails a strong support and commitment from the national government.

RULE XII UTILIZATION OF PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCIES AND PERSONNEL PART 1

SECTION 1. Powers of city municipal mayors in case of emergency

In case of emergency or in times of disaster or calamity when the services of any security agency/entity and
its personnel are needed, the city or municipal mayor may muster or incorporate the members of the
agency or agencies nearest the area of such disaster or calamity to help in the maintenance of peace
and order, prevention of crime, or apprehension of violators of laws and ordinance, and in the protection of
lives and properties. The deputized security guard shall receive direct orders from the chief of Police of
the City or municipality for the duration of the emergency, disaster or calamity.

SECTION 2. Supervision of the PNP.

The PNP shall exercise general supervision over the disaster or calamities, the Chief, PNP may deputized any
security guard to assist the PNP in the performance of police duties for the duration of such emergency,
disaster or calamity. Licensed guards, who are actually assigned to clients with Duty Detail Orders (DDO), shall
be deputized by the chief PNP and clothed with authority to enforce laws, rules and regulations within his area
of responsibility.

• Fast-paced technology, especially in the field of computer and information technology is another issue
affecting the security industry.
• Although such technology has become very helpful in the security officer’s work, it also has the negative effect
of replacing people.
• Just as human labor has been displaced by machines in other industries; it also affects individual security
personnel who might become obsolete in the face of computer assisted technologies.
• With the combination of rising technology and the security industry’s rapid growth and recognition in
organizations comes the necessary improvement in the professionalism among security officers (Bobier, 2013)

SOME TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR SECURITY PURPOSES

• BIOMETRICS (face recognition, fingerprints) used in terms of identification.

• ANTIVIRUS (CYBER SECURITY)  CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV)

LEGAL BASIS OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY

 NATURAL AUTHORITY- it became an unwritten law of the early Filipinos to protect themselves and their property
against the natural and man-made hazards.

SECURITY HAZARDS- an act or condition which results in a situation conducive to a breach of the protection
system and the subsequent loss or compromise, or damage to personnel, property, and facilities.

KINDS OF HAZARDS
 MAN- MADE HAZARDS (“caused by man”) - an acts or conditions affecting the safe of
operation of the facility caused by human action, accidental or intentional.
 NATURAL HAZARDS (“caused by nature”)- caused by natural phenomena which cause
damage , disturbance and problems of normal functioning activities, including security.

 UNIVERSAL DECLERATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, a mutilated treaty also adopted by the United
Nations on December 16, 1966, further recognizes this right to security of person in Article 9 (Par. 1),
which states that: “Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected
to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in
accordance with such procedure as are established by law” (United Nations Human Rights, 1966).

 THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

1. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The government may call upon
the people to defend the State and, in the fulfilment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions
provided by law, to render personal military service (Sec. 4, Art. II). this section provides that all qualified
citizens of the state, including security personnel, may be required by law to render personal military or civil
service.

2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall any person
be denied the equal protection of the laws. (Sec. 1, Art. III) This section provides that due process of law
 should be observed all the time. It is unlawful to deprive a person his life or property without undergoing
proper inquiry, trial or even judgment.

3. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and affects against unreasonable
searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or
warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after
examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly
describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized (Sec. 2, Art. III). 15

4. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation (Sec. 9, Art. III). Being the
rightful owner, it is the right of the person to keep the ownership of his property subject to limitation imposed
by the law. If the government plans to take a private property for public use, just compensation should be
extended to the private owner.

 STATUTORY AUTHORITY

1. Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815, as amended) which took effect on January 1,
1932; The applicable provisions for the Code on Crime against Persons, Personal Liberty and Security and
Property have bearing on the security and protection of one’s life, liberty and property.

2. Republic Act 5487, as amended (Private Security Agency Law); This law governs the operation,
administration of security agency, and activities, qualification, duties and licensing of security guards,
watchmen and private detectives. In short, it is the intention of this law to professionalize the security
services in order to upgrade the level of security protection.

3. Presidential Decree No. 1919 (Amending R.A 5487 and PD 100). Presidential Decree No. 1919 amended
further the Private Security Agency Law on April 28, 1984 with the following changes: a. Defining watchman
or security guard to include those from government entities; b. Specifying the employment of a minimum
of 200 and a maximum of 1,000 licensed security guards for any private security agency; and c.
Specifying 30 to 1,000 company guards for company guard forces.