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ESE-2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

U P S C E N G I N E E R I N G S E R V I C E S E X A M I N AT I O N

MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
Test No. 3
Section A : Fluid Mechanics and Turbo Machinery
Section B : Heat Transfer-1 + Theory of Machines-1 +
Thermodynamics-2 + Refrigeration and Air-conditioning-2

Time Allowed : 3 hrs. Maximum Marks: 300

Question Paper Specific Instructions

Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions:

• Answers must be written only in ENGLISH.

• There are EIGHT questions divided in TWO sections.
• Candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.
• Question no. 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining THREE are to be attempted
choosing at least ONE question from each section.
• The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
• Wherever any assumptions are made for answering a question, they must be clearly indicated.
Diagrams/figures, wherever required, shall be drawn in the space provided for answering
the question itself.
• Unless otherwise mentioned, symbols and notations carry their usual standard meanings.
Attempt of questions shall be counted in sequential order. Unless struck off, attempt of a
question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank
in the Question-cum-Answer Booklet must be clearly struck off.

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

For any query write to us, at: info@[Link]
2 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Section A : Fluid Mechanics and Turbo Machinery

Q.1 (a) Water at 10 bar and 50°C is compressed and cooled to a final pressure and temperature of
100 bar and 20°C. Take density of water at 50°C, 10 bar as 990 kg/m3, compressibility of water
is 4.8 × 10–5 atm–1 and coefficient of volume expansion at average temperature of 35°C is
0.337 × 10–3 K–1. What is the final density of water?
[12 marks]

Q.1 (b) A centrifugal compressor with 20 m3 of air per second at 1 bar and 15°C is to be compressed
through a pressure ratio of 1.5. The compression follows the law PV1.4 = C. The velocity of
flow at inlet and outlet remains constant and is equal to 100 m/s. The inlet and outlet impeller
diameters are 0.6 m and 1.2 m respectively and the speed of rotation is 5000 rpm.
1. Find the blade angles at inlet and outlet of the impeller and angle at which the air from the
impeller enters the casing.
2. Find the breadth of impeller blade at inlet and outlet. It may be assumed that diffuser is
not fitted and the whole pressure increase occurs in the impeller and that the blades having
negligible thickness.
3. Sketch the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet of impeller.
[12 marks]

Q.1 (c) What is viscosity? What is the cause of it in liquids and in gases? Show and explain the variation
of dynamic viscosity of liquids and gases with temperature?
[12 marks]

Q.1 (d) A jet of water 15 cm2 cross-section has a velocity of 6 m/s. Another jet of 7.5 cm2 cross-section
and making 60° to the first jet has a velocity of 9 m/s. These jet combine to form a common
stream. Determine the velocity and direction of the resultant steam formed. Also, evaluate
loss of energy if any, during mixing.
[12 marks]

Q.1 (e) A 4 m high cylindrical tank having a cross-sectional area of AT = 1.5 m2 is filled with equal
volumes of water and oil whose specific gravity, SG = 0.75. Now a 1 cm diameter hole at the
bottom of the tank is opened and water starts to flow out. If the discharge coefficient of the
hole is Cd = 0.85, determine how long it will take for the water in the tank, which is open to
atmosphere to empty completely.
[12 marks]

Q.2 (a) Explain streamlines, timeline and streaklines. The velocity field of a flow is described by


V = 4x iˆ + ( 5y + 3) ˆj + ( 3t 2 ) kˆ . What is the path line of a particle in terms of space as [Z = F(x, y)]
wehre, (x, y, z) is the location of point at time t, if it is given that location is (1 m, 2m, 4 m) at
time t = 1s?
[20 marks]

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 Test No : 3 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | 3

Q.2 (b) A pelton wheel develops 750 kW power under head of 200 m. Its nozzle has diameter of 10 cm
and losses in the pipeline due to friction amount to 90 Q2, where Q is the discharge in cubic
meter per second. Assuming the gross head and efficiency of the wheel to be constant and CV
for the nozzle as 0.98.
Find the discharge and overall efficiency. If the power developed is reduced to 650 kW by
(1) Operating the needle in the nozzle and
(2) Closing the valve provided in the mains.
Determine the discharge in either case.
[20 marks]

Q.2 (c) A lawn sprinkler has unequal arms and has 1.25 cm nozzles at the ends as shown in figure. If
the discharge through the sprinkle is 2.8 l/s. Calculate :

1. The constant speed of rotation by neglecting friction.

2. The constant speed of rotation by assuming frictional torque as 6 Nm.

3. The value of torque to hold the sprinkler completely.

15 cm 25 cm

[20 marks]
Q.3 (a) A centrifugal pump, in which water enters radially delivers water to a head of 165 m. The
impeller has a diameter of 360 mm and width of 180 mm at inlet and corresponding dimension
at outlet are 720 mm and 90 mm. Its rotational speed is 1200 rpm. The blades are curved
backward at 30° to the tangent at exit and the discharge is 0.389 m3/s. Determine :
1. Theoretical head developed
2. Manometric efficiency
3. Pressure rise across the impeller assuming losses equal to 12% of velocity head at exit
4. Pressure rise and the loss of head in the volute casing.
5. The vane angle at inlet.
[20 marks]

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4 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Q.3 (b) A 15 cm radius pipeline carries water at a velocity of 3.5 m/s. The roughness height (ε) by
assuming fully-rough turbulent flow is 1.1 mm. The viscosity of fluid is 0.9 × 10–6 m2/s.
Determine :
1. The maximum velocity in the pipeline and velocity at 10 cm from the wall.
2. The shear stress at the wall and at the radial distance of 5 cm from the axis.
3. Velocity gradient at 10 cm from the wall.

1 r
Friction factor for rough turbulent flow is given by = 2.0 log o + 1.74 where f is the
f ε

friction factor and ro is the radius of pipe.

[20 marks]

Q.3 (c) In a turbo jet unit with forward facing ram intake, the jet velocity relative to the propelling
nozzle at exit is twice the flight velocity. Determine the rate of fuel consumption in kg/s, when
developing a thrust of 25000 N under following conditions :
Ambient pressure and temperature = 0.7 bar; 1° C
Compression total head pressure ratio = 5 : 1
Flight speed = 800 km/h
Ram efficiency = 100%
Isentropic efficiency of compressor = 85%
Isentropic efficiency of turbine = 90%
Isentropic efficiency of nozzle = 95%
Combustion efficiency = 98%
Turbine pressure ratio = 2.23

Assume the mass flow of fuel small compared with mass flow of air and that the working fluid
throughout has the properties of air at low temperature. Neglect extraneous pressure drop.
(Assume cPg = cPa = 1.005 kJ/kgK, Calorifc value of fuel = 42000 kJ/kg.
[20 marks]

Q.4 (a) A plane area in the form of right angle triangle of height h is immersed vertically in water with
its vertex at the water surface. Calculate the total force on one side of the triangular plane and
the location of the centre of pressure.
[15 marks]

Q.4 (b) (i) Write the comparison between Impulse Turbine and Reaction Turbine.
(ii) Write the comparison between Inward and Outward radial flow reaction turbines.
[15 marks]
Q.4 (c) What is the optimum diameter ratio in sudden expansion in pipe flow for the maximum pressure
rise. What is the maximum pressure rise?
[15 marks]

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 Test No : 3 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | 5

Q.4 (d) Determine the efficiency of a Kaplan turbine developing 3000 kW under a net head of 5 m. It is
provided with a draft tube with its inlet (3 m diameter) set 1.6 m above the tail race level. A
vacuum gauge connected to the draft tube indicates a reading of 5 m of water. Draft tube
efficiency is 78%.
[15 marks]

Section B : Heat Transfer - 1 + Theory of Machines - 1 & Thermodynamics - 2 + RAC - 2

Q.5 (a) What does the logarithmic mean temperature difference represent for flow in a tube whose
surface temperature is constant? Why do we use the logarithmic mean temperature instead of
the arithmetic mean temperature? Explain elaborately.
[12 marks]

Q.5 (b) (i) Write short note on construction and working and limitation of inertia type governor.
(ii) Explain the condition in which effect inertia governor becomes centrifugal governor.
[10+2 = 12 marks]

Q.5 (c) A furnace is heated by an electrical resistor. At steady state, electrical power is supplied to
resistor at the rate of 5 kW per meter length to maintain it at 1200 K when the furnace walls are
at 400 K. Assume surrounding temperature as 300 K. Determine the irreversibility rate, for the
space between the resistor and the walls as the system for 1 m length of resistor.
[12 marks]

Q.5 (d) An inventor claims to develop a thermoelectric device which is used as refrigeration system to
make 10 kg of ice at 0°C from water at 27°C in 1 day. The maximum and minimum temperature
in refrigeration system is 35°C and –5°C respectively. Inventor claims to use battery of
12 volt. Evaluate the inventor’s claim, assuming total resistance in the circuit is 36 Ω. (L.H. of
fusion = 333.33 kJ/kg)
[12 marks]

Q.5 (e) Explain how the fins enhance heat transfer from a surface and how the addition of fins may
actually decrease heat transfer from a surface. How does the overall effectiveness of a finned
surface differ from the effectiveness of a single fin?
[12 marks]

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6 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Q.6 (a) (i) Consider an unbalance rotating mass ‘m’, with eccentricity ‘e’ from axis of rotation. If M is
the total mass of vibrating system including unbalance mass m as shown in figure. Then,
write down equation motion, steady-state amplitude as a function of damping factor and

A ω
frequency ratio; also plot the graph and for system shown.
me / M ωn

M
m

ω
e

s c

[8 marks]

(ii) Name all the inversions of slider crank mechanism with its practical applications. A slider
crank mechanism with following dimensions is acted upon by a force F = 2 kN at piston as
shown in figure. OA = 100 mm, AB = 450 mm. Determine the input torque T on the crank
‘OA’ for static equilibrium of mechanism (in Nm)

120° B

O 2 kN

[4+8 = 12 marks]

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 Test No : 3 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | 7

Q.6 (b) Two-dimensional, steady-state conduction occurs in a hollow cylindrical solid of thermal
conductivity k = 22 W/m.K, outer radius ro = 1.5 m and overall length 2zo = 8 m, where the
origin of the coordinate system is located at the mid-point of the center line. The inner surface
of the cylinder is insulated and the temperature distribution with the cylinder has the form
T(r, z) = a + br2 + clnr + dz2, where a = –20°C, b = 150°C/m2, c = –12°C, d = –300°C/m2 and r and
z are in meters.
(1) Determine the inner radius ri of the cylinder.
(2) Obtain an expression for the volumetric rate of heat generation q
g (W/m3).
(3) Determine the radial distribution of the heat flux at the outer surface q″r(ro, z). What is the
heat rate at the outer surface? Is it into or out of the cylinder?

ro z
8m
r
O o

ri

[20 marks]

Q.6 (c) An iron block (cP = 0.45 kJ/kgK) of unknown mass at 85°C is dropped into an insulated tank
that contains 100 litre of water (ρ = 997 kg/m3, cP = 4.18 kJ/kgK) at 20°C. At the same time, a
paddle wheel driven by a 200 W motor is activated to stir the water. It is observed that
thermal equilibrium is established after 20 minutes with a final temperature of 24°C. Assuming
the surroundings to be at 20°C. Determine :
1. mass of iron block,
2. change in exergy of the system, consideing iron block and water as system.
[20 marks]

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8 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Q.7 (a) The mass of spring-mass dashpot system is given an initial velocity of Zωn from equilibrium
position where ‘ωn’ is the natural frequency of the system. Find the equation of motion for
following cases : (1) ξ = 2.0; (2) ξ = 1.0; (3) ξ = 0.2
[20 marks]

Q.7 (b) A 200 mm square, 10 mm thick tile has the thermophysical properties of pyrex (ε = 0.80) and
emerges from a curing process at an initial temperature of Ti = 140°C. The backside of the tile
is insulated while the upper surface is exposed to ambient air and surrounding at 25°C.

Tsurr = 25°C
Ambient
air T∞ = 25°C

Estimate the time required for the tile to cool to a final, safe to touch temperature of Tf = 40°C.
(Ti + T f )
Use average surface temperature of T = to estimate the average free convection
2
coefficient and the linearized radiation coefficient. How sensitive is the estimate to the assumed
value for T ?

(Assume : Pyrex properties :

Density, ρ = 2225 kg/m3, cP = 835 J/kgK
Thermal conductivity, k = 1.4 W/mK

Properties of air at average temperature :

Thermal diffusivity, α = 27.01 × 10–6 m2/s
Kinematic viscosity, ν = 18.96 × 10–6 m2/s
Thermal conductivity, k = 0.0286 W/mK
Prandtl number, Pr = 0.7027
(140 + 40)
25 +
T∞ + Ts 2
T avg = = = 57.5°C
2 2
T avg = 330.5 K
For free convection external flow:

NuL = 0.54(RaL)1/4 [104 ≤ Ra ≤ 107 ]

NuL = 0.15(RaL)1/4 [107 ≤ Ra ≤ 1011]

[20 marks]

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 Test No : 3 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | 9

Q.7 (c) Ethane (C2H6) at 20°C and 300 kPa and Methane (CH4) at 45°C and 300 kPa enters an adiabatic
mixing chambers. The mass flow rate of Ethane is 9 kg/s, which is twice the mass flow rate of
Methane. Determine :
1. The mixture temperature.
2. The rate of entropy generation during this process.
Assume specific heats of Ethane and Methane are 1.7662 kJ/kg°C and 2.2537 kJ/kg°C
respectively.
[20 marks]

Q.8 (a) A toggle mechanism is used for crushing stones. It can be assumed that concentrated force is
applied from the point ‘X’ on the stones, as shown in figure. If at θ = 45° (from vertical) crank
position concentrated force of 20 kN is acting. If the speed of crank on is 60 rpm (clockwise),
find the torque at crank. (Assume 80% mechanical efficiency of mechanism).

42.5 40
5
7.

A
30 θ

Q 90

50 75 94

X C
45
45

30 B
P

(All dimensions are in cm)

[20 marks]

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10 | ESE 2020 : MAINS TEST SERIES

Q.8 (b) Assume steady-state, one dimensional conduction in the axisymmetric object below, which is
insulated around its perimeter.

T1 T2
D1
D2 D2

T 1 > T2

L
L/2
x

If the properties remain constant and no internal heat generation occurs, sketch the heat flux
distribution, q″x(x) and the temperature distribution T(x). Explain the shapes of curves. How
do curves are dependent on the thermal conductivity of the material?
[20 marks]

Q.8 (c) Moist air enters chamber at 10°C DBT and 6°C WBT at a rate of 300 m3/min. The barometric
pressure is 1.01325 bar. While passing through the first chamber, the air absorbs sensible heat
at the rate of 250 kW and in second chamber picks up 178 kg/hr of saturated steam at 260 °C
(h = 2996.3 kJ/kg). Determine dry and wet bulb temperatures of air, after passing both the
chambers.
[20 marks]

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