Name: Abhinav

Grade: VI D

School: Sacred Heart International School

Pammam, Marthandam

A RESERCH ANALYASIS

RECYCLING – WHAT CAN BE DONE TO MAKE THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE?

INTRODUCTION

We are living in a most beautiful planet in our solar system. It is the only planet where living
organism exists. Due to modernization and technological advancement our planet earth is getting
dumped and polluted. In this research analysis the researcher briefs about the causes of plastic
waste, e-waste, textile waste, etc. and the ways of recycle it to make the wastes reusable for
mankind. Moreover, the readers can gain awareness about the environment and make them a
responsible citizen to handover the earth for -coming generations a beautiful place to live on.

RECYCLING

Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.
The recovery of energy from materials is often included in this concept. The recyclability of a
material depends on its ability to reacquire the properties it had in its original state. It is an
alternative to "conventional" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse
gas mission. Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the
consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution
(from incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).

Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, cardboard, metal, plastic, tires,
textiles, batteries, and electronics. The composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste—such
as food or garden waste—is also a form of recycling. Materials to be recycled are either
delivered to a household recycling center or picked up from curbside bins, then sorted, cleaned,
and reprocessed into new materials destined for manufacturing new products.
 In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same
material—for example, used office paper would be converted into new office paper or
used polystyrene foam into new polystyrene. This is accomplished when recycling certain types
of materials, such as metal cans, becoming a can again and again, indefinitely, without losing
purity in the product.

ORIGINS OF RECYCLING
Recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, with recorded
advocates as far back as Plato in the fourth century BC. During periods when resources were
scarce and hard to come by, archaeological studies of ancient waste dumps show less household
waste (such as ash, broken tools, and pottery)—implying more waste was being recycled in the
absence of new material. Paper recycling was first recorded in 1031 when Japanese shops sold
repulsed paper. In Britain dust and ash from wood and coal fires was collected by "dustmen"
and down cycled as a base material used in brick making.
IMPORTANCE OF RECYCLING

Recycling is very important as waste has a huge negative impact on the natural
environment. Harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases are from rubbish in land fill sites.
Recycling helps to reduce pollution caused by waste. Habitat destruction and global warming are
some of the affects caused by deforestation

DIFFERENT TYPES OF RECYCLING METHODS

The types of recycling methods are
 Curbside collection.
 Buy-back centers.
 Drop-off centers.
 Distributed recycling.
 Physical recycling.
 Chemical recycling.
 Waste plastic pyrolysis to fuel oil.

DIFFERENT WASTE RECYCLING

1) Plastic waste recycling
 Plastic waste is an ecological hazard. Acknowledging this, government of India has
announced the ban of single use plastics. In pursuance of the government’s initiative to
address the plastic problem, Department of Science &Technology (DST) has taken
several initiatives to recycle plastic waste. Several technologies have been developed
with support from DST for recycling of polystyrene waste, recycling plastics and metallic
components to combat plastic pollution.

2) Metal waste recycling

Metals can be recycled repeatedly without altering their properties. According to the
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), steel is the most recycled material on the planet.
The other highly recycled metals include aluminum, copper, silver, brass, and gold.

Metal Recycling Facts

Although almost every kind of metal can be recycled again and again without degradation of
properties, in 2018, only 34% of metal in U.S. municipal waste facilities was recycled. Below are
some additional facts

 In 2019, 490.98 million (32%) of the 1,532.51 million metric tons of crude steel produced
worldwide was made using recycled materials.
 Around 69% of crude steel in the United States in 2019 was made of recycled materials.
 In the United States alone, around 2.2 million tons of steel cans and other steel packaging
waste were generated in 2018.
 Steel and iron are the most recycled materials in the world due in part to the opportunity
to recover large structures as well as the ease of reprocessing. The use of magnets in the
sorting process enables recyclers to easily separate them from the mixed waste stream.
 Currently, the single most recycled container in the world is the aluminum can.

 Recycling a single aluminum can save enough energy to power 100-watt light bulb for
nearly four hours.

3) Glass waste recycling

Recycling glass takes less energy than does producing glass. These energy savings can then be
conserved for other uses. In addition, since less raw materials are used to produce recycled
glass products, recycling glass leaves a smaller environmental footprint.

 Glass bottles and jars are 100% recyclable and can be recycled endlessly without any loss
in purity or quality.
 The container and fiberglass industries collectively purchase 3.35 million tons of recycled
glass annually, which is re-melted and repurposed for use in the production .
 There are 44 glass manufacturing plants operating in 21 states. There are 63 glass
beneficiating facilities (aka "glass processing" plants) in 30 states
  Recycled glass is substituted for up to 95% of raw materials.
 Manufacturers benefit from recycling in several ways—it reduces emissions and
consumption of raw materials, extends the life of plant equipment, such as furnaces, and
saves energy.

Recycling 1,000 tons of glass creates slightly over 8 jobs

4) Wood waste recycling

Wood is a natural product, spontaneous in its re-production, economic in its use, easy to be
crafted, elastic, strong, light, naturally biodegradable, carbon neutral.

 Municipal waste -- when households dispose of wood products like furniture, DIY wood
waste, wood packaging.
 Industrial and commercial waste – waste from manufacturers of furniture, construction
materials (e.g. doors, floorboards, etc.), wood packaging, etc.
 Construction and demolition waste -- leftover structural timber that cannot be used, wood
packaging for construction materials, etc. from the Construction industry; torn down structural
wood (e.g. floorboards, staircases, doors, etc.) or unwanted furniture (e.g. built-in cabinets)
from the Demolition industry.
The Environmental Resources Management (ERM) estimated that the United Kingdom
produces about 7.5 million of tons such waste wood annually. And yet only about 16 to 20% of
this waste wood arising are being reused, recycled or channeled for energy recovery through
incineration.

This means that the remaining 6 tons of waste wood lands up in the landfills in UK every year.
And this massive amount of wood waste has not yet taken into account the amount of wood that
is being discarded and wasted all over the world (it seems that the UK contribute to about 3% the
world's wood consumption).

The large amount of waste wood discarded in landfills is problematic for several reasons.
Landfills contribute substantially to land, water and air pollution. It also costs (communities,
governments, etc.) to dispose of waste in landfills.

At the same time, the demand for wood all over the world is increasing, and large areas of
primary forest lands are being cut down to meet this rising world need for more timber. And such
large-scale deforestation practices are also contributing to environmental problems like soil
erosion, increasing greenhouse gasses, wildlife extinction, etc.

Instead of being reused or recycled so that fewer trees need to be cut down to meet the world’s
timber needs, the waste wood are left rotting in the landfills.

5. Cloth and textile waste recycling

. Textile recycling is the process by which old clothing and other textiles are recovered for reuse
or material recovery. It is the basis for the textile recycling industry. The necessary steps in the
textile recycling process involve the donation, collection, sorting and processing of textiles, and
then subsequent transportation to end users of used garments, rags or other recovered materials
The basis for the growing textile recycling industry is, of course, the textile industry
itself. The textile industry has evolved into a nearly $1 trillion industry globally, comprising
clothing, as well as furniture and mattress material, linens, draperies, cleaning materials, leisure
equipment, and many other items.

Textile recycling offers the following environmental benefits:

 Decreases landfill space requirements, bearing in mind that synthetic fiber products do
not decompose and that natural fibers may release greenhouse gasses
 Avoided use of virgin fibers
 Reduced consumption of energy and water
 Pollution avoidance
 Lessened demand for dyes.

Sources of Textiles for Recycling

Textiles for recycling are generated from two primary sources. These sources include:
1. Post-consumer, including garments, vehicle upholstery, household items and others.
2. Pre-consumer, including scrap created as a by-product from yarn and fabric manufacture, as
well as the post-industrial scrap textiles from other industries.

6. E-waste recycling

Electronics waste, commonly known as e-scrap or e-waste, is the trash we generate from surplus,
broken, and obsolete electronic devices. Electronics contains various toxic and hazardous
chemicals and materials that are released into the environment if we do not dispose of them
properly. E-waste or electronics recycling is the process of recovering material from old devices
to use in new products.

Benefits of E-Waste Recycling

Recycling e-waste enables us to recover various valuable metals and other materials from
electronics, saving natural resources (energy), reducing pollution, conserving landfill space, and
creating jobs. According to the EPA, recycling one million cell phones can also recover 75
pounds of gold, 772 pounds of silver, 35,000 pounds of copper, and 33 pounds of palladium.4

On the other end, e-waste recycling helps cut down on production waste. According to the
Electronics TakeBack Coalition, it takes 1.5 tons of water, 530 pounds of fossil fuel, and 40
pounds of chemicals to manufacture a single computer and monitor. Eighty one percent of the
energy associated with a computer is used during production and not during operation.
7. Paper and cardboard waste recycling

Recycling paper and cardboard requires less energy than producing new paper and cardboard,
while many recycling companies also make efforts to recycle the water used during production.
We consequently use materials more sustainably while reducing CO2 emissions.

By recycling paper and cardboard, we save both energy and raw materials but, of course, we can
only achieve this if it is sorted correctly. When it is discarded as residual waste, recycling cannot
take place. We are also counting on you to sort paper and cardboard correctly. Consult the
sorting rules for paper and cardboard.

Paper-cardboard recycling process

 Paper and cardboard are sorted according to quality, and anything that is not paper or
cardboard is removed. Depending on the quality, different applications are possible:
magazines require a different level of paper quality than packaging boxes;
 The paper is mixed with water, which yields a grey paste called pulp. Lacquer, staples,
varnish, glue, plastic and string are removed from the pulp. To produce some paper types,
the pulp must also be deinked and bleached;
 Finally, the pulp is pressed and dried, ready for further processing.

Applications for recycled paper and cardboard

Recycled paper and cardboard are part of our everyday lives. Newspapers and magazines are
printed on recycled paper, while writing pads, notebooks, drawing paper and printing paper are
also often recycled. Even kitchen rolls, toilet paper and paper tissues often contain recycled
paper. Recycled cardboard can be found in, among other things, packaging cardboard and
cardboard boxes, as well as any cardboard used for storing, transporting or protecting items.

Waste paper and cardboard is routinely turned into new paper or cardboard, but its life cycle is
not endless since the quality of the material diminishes with each treatment. After being reused
five to seven times, the material reaches the end of its useful life and, for this reason new paper
fibers are added each time.
8. Bricks and inert waste recycling
Bricks have a lifespan of more than 200 years. You can reclaim or recycle bricks and blocks
which have previously been used in the construction of buildings, walls, paving and
infrastructure, such as bridges and sewers. These include:

 clay bricks
 concrete precast
 aerated blocks
 stone blocks

ALBUM FOR RECYCLING

RECYCLING METHODS USED IN COUNTRIES

1) India

 Step 1 – Collection.
 Step 2 – Sorting
 Step 3 – Shredding.
 Step 4 – Cleaning.
 Step 5 – Melting.
 Step 6 – Pellet Making.
 Step 7 – Re-Using.
2) USA

There are essentially three main steps: collection, processing and remanufacturing into a new
product. Collection: Recyclable materials are generated by a consumer or business and then
collected by a private hauler or government entity.
 3) Australia

 Kerbside recycling. This involves contractors or council collectors taking

your recyclable plastics to MRFs (Material Recovery Facilities), where it's sorted, compacted
and baled for sale.
 Container deposit schemes. ...
 Collect and return to store. ...
 Commercial and industrial.