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General Science Notes For Competit

The document provides comprehensive general science notes covering essential concepts in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, tailored for competitive exams like UPSC and SSC. Key topics include Newton's laws of motion, the periodic table, cell structure, and human body systems, along with important inventions and everyday science facts. It emphasizes clarity, the importance of diagrams, and common question formats for effective exam preparation.

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shivamagarwal.8800
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2K views3 pages

General Science Notes For Competit

The document provides comprehensive general science notes covering essential concepts in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, tailored for competitive exams like UPSC and SSC. Key topics include Newton's laws of motion, the periodic table, cell structure, and human body systems, along with important inventions and everyday science facts. It emphasizes clarity, the importance of diagrams, and common question formats for effective exam preparation.

Uploaded by

shivamagarwal.8800
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

📘 General Science Notes for Competitive Exams

(Useful for UPSC, UPPSC, SSC, Railways, NDA, etc.)

This one includes Physics, Chemistry, and Biology basics — well-structured,


original, and Scribd-ready.

📗 General Science Notes for Competitive Exams


🔬 1. Physics: Important Concepts
🔹 Motion
Speed = Distance / Time

Velocity: Speed with direction

Acceleration: Change in velocity per unit time

Newton’s Laws of Motion:

Inertia

F = m × a

Action-Reaction

🔹 Work, Power & Energy


Work = Force × Displacement

Power = Work / Time

Energy: Capacity to do work

Kinetic Energy = ½ mv²

Potential Energy = mgh

🔹 Light
Reflection: Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

Refraction: Bending of light in different medium

Lenses & Mirrors: Used in telescopes, microscopes

Human eye: Has convex lens

🔹 Heat
Heat always flows from hot to cold body

Temperature measured in °C or Kelvin

Good conductors: Copper, Silver

Poor conductors: Wood, Plastic

⚗️ 2. Chemistry: Basic Concepts


🔹 Matter
Three states: Solid, Liquid, Gas

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Atomic Number: Number of protons


Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons

🔹 Periodic Table
Modern Periodic Table by Mendeleev, updated by Henry Moseley

Groups (vertical), Periods (horizontal)

Metals on left, non-metals on right, noble gases in group 18

🔹 Chemical Reactions
Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double Displacement

Rusting: Iron + Water + Oxygen → Iron Oxide

Acid + Base → Salt + Water (Neutralization)

🔹 Acids & Bases


Acid: Sour taste, pH < 7 (e.g., HCl, H2SO4)

Base: Bitter taste, pH > 7 (e.g., NaOH, KOH)

Litmus: Red in acid, Blue in base

🧬 3. Biology: Key Topics


🔹 Cell – The Basic Unit of Life
Animal Cell: No cell wall, has nucleus

Plant Cell: Has cell wall and chloroplast

Organelles: Nucleus, Mitochondria (powerhouse), Ribosomes (proteins)

🔹 Human Body Systems


System Main Organs Function
Digestive Mouth, Stomach, Intestine Breaks down food
Respiratory Lungs, Trachea Oxygen in, CO₂ out
Circulatory Heart, Blood Vessels Transports oxygen, nutrients
Nervous Brain, Spinal Cord Controls body responses
Excretory Kidneys, Ureters Removes waste (urine)

🔹 Nutrition
Carbs = energy

Proteins = body building

Fats = stored energy

Vitamins & Minerals = regulatory functions

🌱 Plants and Photosynthesis


Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight

CO₂ + H₂O + Sunlight → Glucose + O₂

Stomata: Leaf pores that take in CO₂

🧠 Important Inventions & Discoveries


Scientist Discovery/Work
Newton Laws of Motion, Gravity
Einstein Theory of Relativity
Marie Curie Radioactivity
J.C. Bose Plant sensitivity
Mendel Laws of Heredity

🧪 Everyday Science Facts


LPG = Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Milk is a colloid

Rainwater is slightly acidic (carbonic acid)

Glass is a supercooled liquid

Detergents work better in hard water than soaps

📝 Final Tips
Focus on basics and NCERT-style clarity

Diagrams are important: Cell, Digestive System, Eye, etc.

Match-the-following, 1-liner facts, and MCQs are common

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