JEE Handwritten-Style Notes
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability - Handwritten Style
PAGE 1 Limits and Continuity
1. Limit of a Function
lim(x->a) f(x) = L means f(x) approaches L as x -> a.
- Left Hand Limit (LHL) lim(x->a) f(x)
- Right Hand Limit (RHL) lim(x->a+) f(x)
- Limit exists -> LHL = RHL
2. Continuity
A function f(x) is continuous at x = a if
- f(a) is defined
- lim(x->a) f(x) exists
- lim(x->a) f(x) = f(a)
3. Standard Limits
- lim(x->0) sinx/x = 1
- lim(x->0) (1 - cosx)/x^2 = 1/2
- lim(x->0) (e^x - 1)/x = 1
4. Types of Discontinuity
- Jump, Infinite, Removable
PAGE 2 Differentiability
5. Derivative (First Principle)
f'(a) = lim(h->0) [f(a+h) - f(a)] / h
6. Differentiability
- If f(x) is differentiable at x = a -> it's also continuous
- Continuity does not imply differentiability
7. Derivatives of Std Functions
- d/dx (x^n) = n*x^(n-1)
JEE Handwritten-Style Notes
- d/dx (sinx) = cosx
- d/dx (cosx) = -sinx
8. Applications
- Increasing/decreasing functions
- Slope of tangent
JEE Handwritten-Style Notes
Newtons Laws of Motion - Handwritten Style
PAGE 1 Laws and Basics
1. Newtons First Law
A body remains in rest/uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
2. Newtons Second Law
F = ma -> Force is proportional to rate of change of momentum
3. Newtons Third Law
Every action has equal and opposite reaction
4. Impulse
Impulse = Force x time = Delta momentum
PAGE 2 Applications
5. Free Body Diagram
Show all acting forces -> solve using F = ma
6. Tension
Same in light strings, acts away from object
7. Normal Reaction
On incline -> N = mg cos(theta)
8. Friction
Static <= mu N, Kinetic = mu N
9. Equilibrium
Net force = 0, Net torque = 0
JEE Handwritten-Style Notes
Thermodynamics - Handwritten Style
PAGE 1 Laws and Concepts
1. Zeroth Law
Thermal equilibrium is transitive.
2. First Law
Q = Delta U + W (heat = change in internal energy + work done)
3. Processes
- Isothermal Delta T = 0
- Adiabatic Q = 0
- Isochoric V = const -> W = 0
- Isobaric P = const
PAGE 2 Work and Efficiency
4. Work
W = PdV; Area under P-V curve
5. Internal Energy
Delta U = nCvDeltaT (ideal gas)
6. Second Law
Heat can't flow cold -> hot on its own
7. Carnot Efficiency
eta = 1 - T2/T1
8. Heat Engines
eta = 1 - Q2/Q1
JEE Handwritten-Style Notes
Periodic Classification - Handwritten Style
PAGE 1 Table and Laws
1. Mendeleevs Law
Properties are periodic functions of atomic mass
2. Modern Law
Periodic function of atomic number
3. Table
- 18 groups
- 7 periods
- s, p, d, f blocks
4. Classifications
Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids
PAGE 2 Periodic Trends
5. Atomic Radius
Decreases across, increases down
6. Ionization Energy
Increases across, decreases down
7. Electronegativity
Increases across, decreases down
8. Metallic Nature
Increases down, decreases across
9. Valency & Reactivity
Related to group number and trends