Language Functions and Their
Exponents
Function Exponent
Apologising I'm really sorry about that.
Greeting Hello! How are you today?
Thanking Thank you very much!
Introducing yourself Hi, I’m Sara. Nice to meet you.
Agreeing Yes, I completely agree.
Interrupting Sorry to interrupt, but may I say
something?
Disagreeing I’m not sure I agree with that.
Refusing I’m afraid I can’t do that.
Expressing obligation I must finish this by tomorrow.
Expressing preferences I’d rather stay in tonight.
Expressing disgust That’s absolutely disgusting!
Expressing interest That sounds really fascinating!
Suggesting a solution Why don’t we try a different approach?
Offering help Would you like some help with that?
Asking for clarification Could you explain what you mean by that?
Starting a speech Good morning everyone. Let me begin by
saying...
Accepting an invitation Yes, I’d love to come!
Accepting an apology It’s okay. Don’t worry about it.
Opening a meeting Let’s get started, shall we?
Welcoming guests Welcome! Please make yourself at home.
Attracting attention Excuse me, may I have your attention?
Giving a compliment You look amazing today!
Beginning an anecdote This reminds me of a time when I...
Describing feelings I feel really happy today.
Encouraging You can do this! Keep going!
Advising You should talk to her about it.
Pleading Please, I really need your help!
Making a toast Here’s to your success—cheers!