Week 2
Lesson 1:
Common Isotopes and their uses
EDWARD B. ACABAL, LPT
Subject Teacher
Lesson Objectives
1. Recap Atomic Structure
2. Isotopes
Lesson Objectives
1. Recap Atomic Structure
2. Isotopes
Recap on Atomic Structure
A. Structure of atom
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
C. Chemical symbols
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
A. Structure of atom
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
C. Chemical symbols
D. Electronic configuration
The Atomic Structure
WHAT IS AN ATOM?
Atoms are the smallest particle of an element.
WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?
•An element is a pure substance that cannot be
spilt up into 2 or more simpler substances by
chemical processes.
The Story of Atoms
Atoms have positive
charges concentrated in
their small nucleus!
There are
neutrons!
Democritus Joseph John Ernest Sir James Niels Bohr
460 BC Thompson Rutherford Chadwick (1885-1962)
(1856-1940) (1871 -1937) (1891 -1974)
PLUM
18
PUDDING 98
MODEL
Bohr’s Atom
electrons in orbits
nucleus
[Link]
Structure of Atom
A positively An atom consists
charged nucleus, mostly of empty
densely space.
concentrated in
the centre.
1
The nucleus Negatively
contains protons charged
and neutrons, electrons move 0
which are tightly around the
packed. nucleus in fixed
orbits or paths.
Recap on Atomic Structure
A. Structure of atom
B. Relative masses and charges of proton,
neutron and electron
C. Chemical symbols
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
A. Structure of atom
B. Relative masses and charges of
proton, neutron and electron
C. Chemical symbols
D. Electronic configuration
Relative Charges & Relative Masses Of
Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
Sub-atomic Symbol Relative Relative
particles mass charge
*Proton p 1 +1
*Neutron n 1 0
*Electron e 1/1840 -1
•When No. of proton = no. of electrons in an atom
•It is electrically neutral
•It has no net charge.
Recap on Atomic Structure
A. Structure of atom
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
C. Chemical symbols
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
A. Structure of atom
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
C. Chemical symbols
D. Electronic configuration
Interpreting Chemical Symbol
16
Interpreting Chemical Symbol
Mass=P+N mass number
16
(nucleon number)
mass number is the total number
O
of protons and neutrons in an chemical symbol
atom.
Number of neutrons in the
oxygen atom is: 16 – 8 = 8.
proton number
(atomic number) 8
atomic number (proton number) is the number of
P=E protons in an atom.
No. of Each oxygen atom has 8 protons.
protons= no.
of electrons As the number of electrons is equal to the number of
protons in an atom, each oxygen atom contains 8
16
electrons.
Let’s Try It!
Identify the atomic number, atomic mass/mass
number, number of electrons, number of protons,
and number of neutrons of the given atom.
16
Recap on Atomic Structure
A. Structure of atom
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
C. Chemical symbols
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
A. Structure of atom
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron
and electron
C. Chemical symbols
D. Electronic configuration
The Electronic Configuration of Atoms
Mass number
16 (Nucleon)
8 O O
Atomic
number
(Proton)
The Electronic Configuration of Atoms
Mg
Summary for Atomic Structure (I)
• The structure of an atom
• The relative charges & relative masses of
proton, neutron & electron
• Defined mass number & atomic number
• Learnt how to interpret chemical symbols
• The electronic configuration of atoms
Lesson Objectives
1. Recap Atomic Structure
2. Isotopes
Today…
Isotopes
Objectives:
1. identify isotopes by properties,
types, and uses;
2. calculate the average atomic
mass of some common isotopes;
and
3. appreciate the uses of common
isotopes.
Isotopes
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes
Isotopes
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes
Definition of Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same
element which contains the same
number of protons but different
number of neutrons.
Isotopes
mass
number
16 17 18
proton
number
O O O
8
Oxygen-16
8
Oxygen-17
8
Oxygen-18
n = 8 n = 17 – 8 n = 18 – 8
= 9 = 10
Isotopes
Isotopes have the same chemical
properties but slightly different
physical properties
Q. DO ALL ISOTOPES OF THE SAME
ELEMENT HAVE THE SAME MASS?
Isotopes of Some Elements and Their
Atomic Mass
Isotopes
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. COMMON ISOTOPES AND
THEIR USES
Stable vs. Unstable
• A stable isotope does NOT
undergo radioactive (or nuclear)
decay.
• An unstable isotope undergoes
radioactive (or nuclear) decay.
Unstable isotopes are also known
as radioisotopes or radionucleides
Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
• Food irradiation
• Archaeological dating (carbon-dating)
• Smoke detectors
• Radioactive tracers
Summary
Recap on Atomic Structure
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes
Definition of Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same
element which contains the same
number of protons but different
number of neutrons.
Quiz
• [Link]
[Link]
