Software Requirements

Specification (SRS)
for

Virtual Lane Guidance and

Vehicle Simulation
Version 1.0

Prepared by

[Link] Name of the Student Roll Number, Specialization

1 Vajeed shiak 23N35A6719, CSE(DS)
2 Ganesh Repala 22N31A67E5, CSE(DS)

3 Abhista vemiReddy 22N31A67H8, CSE(DS)

Supervisor : [Link] KUMAR

Designation: [Link]

Department: Dept. Of Emerging Technologies

Batch ID: DS/AD-2/2025/011

Date:
Supervisor Sign.&
Date
Department of CSE (Data Science)
 Software Requirements Specification Page ii

Title of the Project TechQuest: The Learning Gauntlet

Contents
CONTENTS...........................................................................................................................................................III

REVISIONS...........................................................................................................................................................III

1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 DOCUMENT PURPOSE.........................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 PROJECT SCOPE.....................................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 EXISTING SYSTEMS..............................................................................................................................................................1
1.4 PROBLEMS WITH EXISTING SYSTEMS.........................................................................................................................2
1.5 PROPOSED SYSTEMS...........................................................................................................................................................3
1.6 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEMS.....................................................................................................................3
2 OVERALL DESCRIPTION.........................................................................................................................5
2.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY...............................................................................................................................................................5
2.2 PRODUCT FUNCTIONALITY................................................................................................................................................6
2.3 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION CONSTRAINTS.......................................................................................................6
2.4 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDENCIES.............................................................................................................................7
3 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................9
3.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS.............................................................................................................9
3.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS.........................................................................................................9
3.3 USE CASE MODEL...............................................................................................................................................................9
4 OTHER NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................11
4.1 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................................................11
4.2 SAFETY AND SECURITY REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................11
4.3 SOFTWARE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES.............................................................................................................................12
5 OTHER REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................................14
5.1 DATABASE REQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................................................................14
5.2 INTERNATIONALIZATION REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................................14
5.3 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................................................................14
5.4 REUSE OBJECTIVES..........................................................................................................................................................15
5.5 DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................15
5.6 DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................................15
6 REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................................16

Revisions
Version Primary Author(s) Description of Version Date Completed
1.0 Vajeed Shaik Initial Draft of the SRS Document 28/02/25

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Ca

mPpagues7
 Software Requirements Specification Page 3

1 Introduction
The primary objective of this project is to detect road lanes in an image or video and visualize
them effectively. Lane detection is an essential component in advanced driver assistance
systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles, as it helps ensure the vehicle stays within its lane
and navigates safely. Using OpenCV, we process the road images or videos to detect lane
boundaries. Using the Turtle library, we can simulate vehicle guidance over a road image even
if the lanes are not explicitly drawn. The goal would be to programmatically define "virtual lanes"
or paths based on predefined rules or coordinates and guide the vehicle (a Turtle object) along
these [Link] rising demand for autonomous vehicles and intelligent driving systems makes
road lane detection a critical area of research and development. Accurate lane detection
improves Vehicle safety, Navigation accuracy, Real-time decision-making in dynamic traffic
environments. Additionally, this project offers an excellent opportunity to explore computer
vision concepts, edge detection, and graphical simulations.

1.1 Document Purpose

This document specifies the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) for the Road Lane
Detection System using OpenCV. The system is designed to detect lane markings on roads using
computer vision techniques and guide vehicles accordingly. It is intended for use in autonomous
driving applications, driver assistance systems, and traffic monitoring. Using the Turtle library, we
can simulate vehicle guidance over a road image even if the lanes are not explicitly drawn

The purpose of this document is to provide a detailed overview of the system's functional and non-
functional requirements, system architecture, and expected behavior. It serves as a reference for
developers, testers, and stakeholders to understand the project scope and ensure successful
implementation. The document also outlines the constraints, assumptions, and dependencies
associated with the project, providing a clear roadmap for development and deployment.

1.2 Project/Product Scope

The Road Lane Detection System is a computer vision-based software designed to enhance road
safety and aid in vehicle navigation by accurately identifying lane boundaries. It is applicable in
multiple domains, including:

 Autonomous Vehicles: Helps self-driving cars stay within their designated lanes.
 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): Assists human drivers by providing lane
departure warnings and lane-keeping guidance.
 Traffic Monitoring Systems: Aids in analyzing road conditions, vehicle movement, and
traffic lane usage for better urban planning.
 Robotics and AI Research: Serves as a foundation for robotics applications involving road
navigation.

The system will perform the following key functions:

 Process real-time video feeds from a dashboard or surveillance camera and extract relevant
road lane information.
 Identify lane boundaries using robust image processing techniques, ensuring high accuracy
even under varying environmental conditions.
 Overlay lane markings and vehicle path guidance onto the video output to assist in
navigation.

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

 Software Requirements Specification Page 4
1.3 Existing System
Currently, several lane detection approaches are available, primarily classified into traditional image
processing methods and deep learning-based methods:

1. Traditional Methods:

 Canny Edge Detection: Detects lane edges based on gradients in the image.
 Hough Line Transform: Identifies straight lane lines in edge-detected
images.
 Thresholding & Color Filtering: Extracts lane markings by filtering specific
color ranges (e.g., white/yellow lanes).

2. Deep Learning-Based Methods:

 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): Models like LaneNet and SCNN

use deep learning to segment lanes.
 YOLO and Mask R-CNN: Object detection networks that can identify lane
markings.
 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): Used for predicting lane continuation
beyond occlusions.

1.4 Problems with Existing Systems

Despite advancements in lane detection, several challenges persist in current systems:

 Poor Performance in Adverse Conditions: Many existing solutions struggle with detecting
lanes in low visibility conditions such as rain, fog, or nighttime driving. Shadows and glare
from sunlight further degrade detection accuracy.
 Limited Adaptability to Complex Road Layouts: Curved roads, broken lane markings, and
occlusions from vehicles or obstacles cause detection failures.
 High Computational Cost of Deep Learning Models: CNN-based lane detection methods
require high-end GPUs or cloud processing, making them impractical for real-time embedded
systems.
 Dependency on Fixed Camera Angles: Systems often assume a fixed, front-facing camera
position, making them ineffective for drones or flexible camera setups.
 Lack of Lane Change Prediction: Many existing models detect lanes but fail to predict lane
curvature or deviations, reducing their reliability in dynamic environments.
 Inability to Detect Lanes on Unmarked Roads: Many algorithms fail when road markings
are not visible or absent, requiring alternative lane guidance mechanisms.

1.5 Proposed System

The proposed Road Lane Detection System using OpenCV and Turtle aims to overcome
these limitations by integrating efficient, real-time, and adaptable lane detection techniques.
The improvements include:

 Adaptive Preprocessing Techniques:

 Dynamic Region of Interest (ROI) Selection: Ensures the system
focuses only on relevant areas of the image.

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

 Software Requirements Specification Page 5
Adaptive Thresholding & Noise Reduction: Improves lane visibility in

challenging conditions.
 Hybrid Lane Detection Approach:
 Canny Edge Detection & Hough Transform for straight lane
detection.
 Polynomial Curve Fitting for curved lanes, ensuring accurate
detection in bends.
 Optical Flow and Feature Tracking to improve lane stability over time.
 Kalman Filtering for Lane Stability:
 Smooths lane predictions across frames to reduce flickering in real-time
video streams.
 Handles occlusions effectively by estimating missing lane segments
based on previous frames.
 Real-Time Optimization for Embedded Devices:
 Designed to run efficiently on low-power devices like Raspberry Pi and
Jetson Nano.
 Supports multithreading and hardware acceleration (e.g., OpenCL,
CUDA) for improved performance.
 Lane Guidance on Roads Without Markings:
 When lane markings are absent, the system will simulate lane guidance
using Turtle graphics.
 A predefined virtual lane path will be generated based on road width
and vehicle positioning.
 The Turtle-based simulation will move the vehicle along the estimated
lanes, ensuring safe navigation even in unmarked roads.
 The system will dynamically adjust paths based on environmental
constraints and estimated road curvature.

1.6 Advantages of Proposed System

The proposed system offers several advantages over existing solutions:

 Improved Accuracy in Adverse Conditions: Adaptive filtering and preprocessing

techniques ensure lanes are detected even in low-light, foggy, or shadowed
environments.
 Handles Both Straight and Curved Lanes Dynamically: Unlike traditional Hough
Transform-based methods, the system can detect curved lanes using polynomial
fitting.
 Optimized for Real-Time Performance: The algorithm is designed to run efficiently
on embedded devices, ensuring lane detection with minimal latency.
 Scalability for Future Enhancements: The modular approach allows easy
integration of additional features such as vehicle tracking, traffic sign recognition, and
obstacle detection.

 Functionality for Unmarked Roads: When lane markings are not available, the
system can guide the vehicle using virtual lanes simulated via Turtle-based graphical
pathprediction.

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

 Software Requirements Specification Page 6

2 Overall description
2.1 Feasibility Study

The system is designed to leverage powerful computer vision and artificial intelligence
techniques for real-time lane detection. It utilizes:

2.1.1 Technical Feasibility

 OpenCV, Python, and NumPy for efficient image processing and lane detection.
 Hardware acceleration (CUDA, OpenCL) to enhance performance on embedded
devices like Jetson Nano and Raspberry Pi.
 Integration capabilities with additional sensors such as LiDAR and GPS for improved
lane tracking and accuracy.
 Deep learning models for enhanced detection in complex scenarios, handling road
occlusions and challenging environmental conditions.
 Edge AI computing to enable real-time processing on portable and automotive-grade
hardware.

2.1.2 Economic Feasibility

 Cost-effective implementation using open-source tools, eliminating licensing costs.

 Optimized for consumer-grade hardware, reducing the need for expensive
computational resources.
 Minimization of deep learning costs through efficient lane detection methods, making
it accessible to small businesses and research institutions.
 Scalable architecture, ensuring seamless integration with future technologies without
significant overhead costs.

2.1.3 Operational Feasibility

 Seamless integration with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and self-
driving technologies.
 User-friendly interface with a graphical monitoring system, making it easy to operate
without technical expertise.
 Real-time lane tracking under different driving conditions, ensuring accuracy and
reliability.
 Customizable system settings to adapt to diverse road environments and user
preferences.

2.2 Product Functionality

[Link]

 Convert image to grayscale for optimized processing and reduced computational

load.
 Apply Gaussian blur to remove noise and enhance edge detection accuracy.
 Perform Canny Edge Detection for high-precision contour identification.

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

 Software Requirements Specification Page 7

[Link] of Interest (ROI) Extraction

 Dynamically extract lane-specific regions from road images.

 Filter out unnecessary elements to improve detection efficiency.

[Link] Detection and Tracking

 Use Hough Line Transform for detecting straight lane boundaries.

 Implement Polynomial Curve Fitting for identifying curved lanes.
 Adaptive thresholding to ensure consistent performance across different lighting
conditions.
 Kalman filtering for lane stability across consecutive frames, reducing jitter and
fluctuations.
 Occlusion handling and predictive tracking for missing lane markings using machine
learning algorithms.

[Link] Visualization

 Overlay detected lanes and vehicle path guidance on video frames.

 Provide real-time driver feedback through a user-friendly interface.
 Issue lane departure warnings and suggest corrective measures for better driving
assistance.

[Link] Lane Generation

 Use Turtle graphics-based simulation for virtual lane guidance when lane markings
are absent.
 Generate estimated lanes based on road width and vehicle positioning.
 AI-driven predictive lane modeling to handle unmarked roads effectively.

2.3 Design and Implementation Constraints

[Link] Limitations

 Real-time performance requires efficient computation, particularly on embedded

devices like Raspberry Pi or Jetson Nano.
 Lower-resolution cameras may impact detection accuracy, necessitating high-quality
image input.

[Link] Constraints

 Optimized for Python-based frameworks, requiring modifications for C++ or other

languages.
 Real-time processing limitations necessitate optimizations such as multithreading
and GPU acceleration.

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

 Software Requirements Specification Page 8
[Link] Quality Dependency

 Clear and stable input images are essential for accurate detection.
 Lighting variations, shadows, and adverse weather conditions can affect
performance.

[Link] in Unmarked Roads

 Alternative lane guidance strategies such as Turtle graphics simulation are required.
 Dynamic virtual lane updates for real-time adaptation to road conditions.

2.4 Assumptions and Dependencies

2.4.1 System Assumptions

 The input video feed must have a clear and visible road area.
 The system assumes minimal obstructions for optimal performance.
 Static camera angles enhance accuracy, preferably using dashboard-mounted
cameras.

2.4.2 Dependencies

 Hardware Accelerators: Performance can be significantly improved with CUDA-

enabled GPUs or edge AI accelerators like Google Coral TPU.
 Integration with External Systems: Compatibility with existing ADAS frameworks
may introduce additional implementation constraints.
 Road Marking Visibility: The system relies on visible road features for primary
detection, but AI-based estimation compensates for missing markings.

Conclusion

This lane detection system is a robust, scalable, and cost-effective solution designed for
real-world deployment in ADAS and autonomous driving technologies. With its real-time
capabilities, AI integration, and adaptability to various road conditions, it is well-suited for
research, small businesses, and industry applications seeking enhanced driving assistance
and safety.

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

 Software Requirements Specification Page 9

3 Functional Requirements

3.1 Software Requirements

The following software components are required for the development and execution of the
Road Lane Detection System using OpenCV:

 Programming Language: Python 3.x

 Libraries and Frameworks:
 OpenCV (for image processing and lane detection)
 NumPy (for numerical computations)
 Matplotlib (for visualization and debugging)
 Turtle (for lane simulation when markings are absent)

Development Environment: Jupyter Notebook, PyCharm, or Visual Studio Code

3.2 Hardware Requirements

To ensure optimal performance, the system requires the following hardware:

 Processor: Intel Core i5 or higher

 RAM: Minimum 8GB (16GB recommended for deep learning integration)
 Storage: 500GB HDD/SSD (for storing model data and processed video files)
 Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):NVIDIA GTX 1050 or higher

3.3 Use Case Model

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

 Software Requirements Specification Page 10

3.3.1 Use Case #1: Lane Detection

 Actors: Vehicle Camera, System Processor

 Preconditions:
 The system is receiving a real-time video feed from the vehicle camera.
 The camera is correctly positioned to capture lane markings.
 Flow of Events:

1. Capture a frame from the video feed.

2. Apply preprocessing techniques (grayscale conversion, Gaussian blur, edge
detection).
3. Extract the Region of Interest (ROI) to focus on lane-related areas.
4. Detect lane lines using a combination of:
 Hough Line Transform (for straight lanes)
 Polynomial Curve Fitting (for curved lanes)
5. If lanes are missing, simulate virtual lanes using Turtle graphics.
6. Overlay detected lanes on the original video frame.
7. Provide real-time output for visualization and potential vehicle control.
 Post conditions:

1. The processed frame contains clearly marked lane boundaries.

2. The system updates in real-time for continuous lane tracking.

3.2.2 Data Flow Diagram

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

 Software Requirements Specification Page 11

4 Other Non-functional Requirements

4. Performance Requirements and System Design

4.1 Performance Requirements

The Road Lane Detection System using OpenCV is designed to operate efficiently in real-
time environments. The performance of the system is critical to ensure accurate lane
detection and timely responses. Below are the key performance requirements:

4.1.1 Real-Time Processing

 The system should process video frames at a minimum rate of 30 frames per second
(FPS) to ensure smooth and responsive lane detection.
 The latency of processing each frame should not exceed 50 milliseconds.
 GPU acceleration should be leveraged where available to enhance performance.

4.1.2 Accuracy Requirements

 The system must achieve at least 90% accuracy in detecting lane markings under
normal lighting conditions.
 For low-light or adverse weather conditions, the accuracy should not drop below
80%.
 The lane detection algorithm should correctly identify both solid and dashed lane
markings with a misclassification rate of less than 5%.

4.1.3 Robustness in Various Conditions

 The system should be able to detect lanes in different road environments, including
highways, city roads, and rural roads.
 It must perform reliably in varying lighting conditions, including daylight, nighttime,
and low-visibility conditions (fog, rain, shadows).
 The system should handle lane occlusions caused by vehicles, pedestrians, and
other road elements.

4.1.4 Computational Efficiency

 The system should utilize multithreading and parallel processing to optimize

computation time.
 Hardware acceleration should be used for processing deep learning-based lane
detection (if applicable).
 Memory usage should be optimized to run efficiently on devices with at least 8GB of
RAM.

4.2 System Design

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

 Software Requirements Specification Page 12
The system architecture of the Road Lane Detection System follows a modular approach,
ensuring flexibility, scalability, and maintainability. The system is divided into several key
components, each responsible for specific functionalities.

4.2.1 System Architecture Overview

The system consists of the following primary modules:

1. Input Module – Captures video frames from a dashboard camera or a simulated

environment.
2. Preprocessing Module – Enhances image quality, applies noise reduction, and
extracts relevant regions.
3. Lane Detection Module – Identifies lane boundaries using image processing
techniques.
4. Tracking and Stability Module – Uses Kalman filtering and frame-by-frame analysis
to maintain lane consistency.
5. Output and Visualization Module – Displays detected lanes on the processed
video with overlays.
6. Simulation Module (Turtle Graphics) – Generates virtual lanes when road
markings are absent.

4.2.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

The data flow in the system follows a structured approach:

1. Video Input: The system receives video frames from a camera.

2. Preprocessing: The frames are converted to grayscale, denoised, and edge-
detected.
3. Region of Interest Selection: The relevant portion of the road is extracted for lane
detection.
4. Lane Identification: Hough Transform and Polynomial Fitting techniques are used to
detect lane lines.
5. Tracking and Stability Check: The detected lanes are tracked over consecutive
frames to improve stability.
6. Virtual Lane Simulation (if required): If no lanes are detected, virtual lanes are
generated based on predefined parameters.
7. Output Display: The processed frames are sent to the visualization module for final
rendering.

4.2.3 Hardware and Software Design

Hardware Components:

 Processor: Intel Core i5 or higher

 RAM: Minimum 8GB (16GB recommended for deep learning integration)
 Storage: 500GB HDD/SSD (for storing model data and processed video files)
 Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):NVIDIA GTX 1050 or higher

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

 Software Requirements Specification Page 13
Software Components:

 Programming Language: Python 3.x

 Libraries and Frameworks:
 OpenCV (for image processing and lane detection)
 NumPy (for numerical computations)
 Matplotlib (for visualization and debugging)
 Turtle (for lane simulation when markings are absent)

Development Environment: Jupyter Notebook, PyCharm, or Visual Studio Code

4.3 Design Constraints and Limitations

While the system is designed for optimal performance, certain constraints must be
acknowledged:

4.3.1 Camera Positioning and Quality

 The effectiveness of lane detection heavily depends on the camera angle and
resolution.
 Low-quality cameras may introduce noise and motion blur, reducing the accuracy of
lane detection.
 Optimal performance is achieved with dashboard-mounted cameras with a fixed
angle.

4.3.2 Environmental Challenges

 The system may struggle in extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, snow, or
fog.
 Glare from sunlight or headlights at night can impact edge detection performance.

4.3.3 Real-Time Processing Limitations

 Lane detection in high-speed scenarios (e.g., highway driving at 120+ km/h) may
introduce delays in processing frames.
 The system may require hardware acceleration for real-time execution in embedded
environments.

4.4 Future Enhancements

The following improvements can be incorporated in future versions of the system:

 Deep Learning Integration: Using neural networks for more advanced lane
detection and feature extraction.
 3D Lane Detection: Implementing stereo vision for enhanced lane estimation in
uneven terrains.
 Sensor Fusion: Combining LiDAR and GPS data for improved accuracy
Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus
Software Requirements Specification Page 14

5 References

1. OpenCV Documentation – Open Source Computer Vision Library. Retrieved from:

[Link]
2. IEEE Research Papers on Lane Detection – Various publications on computer
vision-based lane detection methodologies. Retrieved from IEEE Xplore:
[Link]
3. Machine Learning for Lane Detection – Deep Learning Approaches for Road Lane
Detection. Retrieved from: [Link]
4. ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) Guidelines – Automotive safety
regulations and lane-keeping assistance standards. Retrieved from SAE
International: [Link]
5. Python Official Documentation – Language reference for Python 3.x used in
implementation. Retrieved from: [Link]
6. NumPy and Matplotlib Documentation – Libraries used for mathematical
computations and visualization. Retrieved from:

 NumPy: [Link]
 Matplotlib: [Link]

7. Turtle Graphics in Python – Used for simulating virtual lanes when road markings
are not visible. Retrieved from: [Link]

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

Software Requirements Specification Page 15

SRS DOCUMENT REVIEW

CERTIFICATION
This Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Document is reviewed and
certified to proceed for the project development by the Departmental Review
Committee (DRC).
Date of SRS Submitted:

Date of Review :

Supervisor Comments:

Supervisor Sign. & Date.

Coordinator Sign. & Date

HOD Sign. & Date

Dept. Stamp

SRS DOCUMENT REVIEW

SRS DOCUMENT REVIEW

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus

Software Requirements Specification Page 16

Department of CSE (DS | CyS | IoT)| MRCET (A) Campus