Western Cagayan School of Arts and Trades

Centro, Lasam, Cagayan 3500

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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In today’s digital age, teenage pregnancies are

prevalent topic of discussion, highlighting the social,
cultural, and technological factors affecting young
individuals. Teenage pregnancy, also known
as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in a female under
the age of 20. This issue often arises from a mix of
social, emotional, and educational factors,
highlighting the challenges young people face as they
navigate relationships and responsibilities.

The global fertility rate of adolescents aged 15

to 19 years is reported to be 50 per 1,000 (United
Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
(UNICEF), and the number of adolescents in this age
group is approximately 600 million (United Nations,
2019; UNICEF, 2017; World Health Organization [WHO],
2020); thus, it can be estimated that the number of
adolescents giving birth is approximately 30 million.

Teenage pregnancy rates have been rising in the

Philippines and mostly affect the young individuals
negatively. They often have to quit school and be
financially dependent on their parents. They are a
stigmatized group and to understand their situation you
have to comprehend how the context in the Philippines
comes to affect them. (Durrani, R., & Nielsen, A.
(2019)

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Moreover, the experiences of teenage mothers are
influenced by their relationships, family support, and
what society expects from them. These experiences
affect how they handle the challenges of being a mother
while managing other parts of their lives. This study
focuses on their stories and feelings to help others
understand their struggles and provide better support.

While existing studies have examined external

factors such as socioeconomic struggles and education,
there is a lack of phenomenological research that
delves deeply into the personal and emotional
experiences of teenage mothers, including their coping
mechanisms and resilience (Ocran et al., 2022;
Nansubuga et al., 2019).

By understanding their experiences, this study can

help inform policies and create better support systems
for teenage mothers, ultimately empowering them to
build a brighter future (Santos & Torres, 2019; UNFPA,
2017).

In Lasam, Cagayan, students are prone to having an

early involvement to teenage pregnancy. With this, a
qualitative research study will be conducted to delve
deeper into the live experiences of teenage mothers and
how these young mothers balance their personal lives,
relationships, and academic responsibilities, shedding
light on their coping strategies and the support
systems that contribute to their success in school
amidst these circumstances.

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Statement of the Problem

This qualitative research study entitled, “Batang-

Ina: A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences
of Teenage Mothers”, aims to delve deeper into the
lived experiences of teenage mothers. Specifically,
this study seeks to answer the following research
questions:

1. How do teenage mothers balance motherhood with other

responsibilities, such as education and relationships?

2. How do the challenges of teenage motherhood

influence the academic performance and motivation of
young mothers?

3. Why do teenage mothers struggle to balance being a

parent and a student, and how does this affect their
education and future goals?

4. Why is support from family and friends important for

teenage mothers?

5. How do teenage mothers feel about how others treat

them, and how does it affect their confidence and
future plans?

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on Teenage Mothers in Lasam,

Cagayan. The researchers will be gaining insights on
the experiences of motherhood at an early age. This
study will be conducted at Lasam, Cagayan, within the
school year 2024-2025.

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Significance of the Study

The significance of this study offering valuable

insights to a wide range of stakeholders. The findings
can offer valuable insights for educators, counsellors,
and parents alike.

Teenage Mothers. This study aims to give teenage

mothers a chance to reflect on their experiences and
feel understood.

Students. this study serves as an opportunity to gain

a deeper understanding of what teenage mothers go
through.

Teenagers. This research will help teenagers see the

realities of early parenthood and make informed
decisions about their relationships and future.

Healthcare Providers. this study sheds light on the

unique needs of teenage mothers, not just physically,
but emotionally as well.

Educators and Policymakers. will help educators and

policymakers understand the challenges teenage mothers
face in school. It can guide the creation of support
programs like schedules, childcare, and counseling to
help them succeed.

Community. The community will help raise awareness

about the challenges of teenage mothers and help create
support systems for them.

Parents and Guardians. they can gain a deeper

understanding of the challenges teenage mothers face,

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enabling them to provide more empathetic, effective
support in balancing motherhood, education, and
emotional well-being.

Future Researchers. The study provides future

researchers with a foundational understanding of the
lived experiences of teenage mothers. It highlights the
areas where more support is needed and offers a
foundation for others to build upon.

Definition of Terms

Academic Performance- educational achievements and

progress of teenage mothers while balancing motherhood.

Lived Experiences- The personal experiences and

feelings of teenage mothers as they face the challenges
of motherhood and relationships.

Support Systems- network of people and resources that

assist teenage mothers in navigating their roles as
both students and mothers.

Teenage Pregnancy- problem addressed in the study.

Teen Mothers- participants who are involved in the

study.

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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Psychosocial and Emotional Effects

A study entitled “Predicting postpartum depression

among adolescent mothers: A systematic review of risk”,
by Hymas, R. & Girard, L. (2018) discusses how teenage
pregnancy increases the risk of depression and anxiety.
The study shows how the experience of teenage pregnancy
not only increases the likelihood of developing
postpartum depression (PPD) but also contributes to
higher levels of anxiety. It highlights several
factors, including lack of social support,
socioeconomic stress, and body image concerns, that
increases the level of mental health challenges of
adolescent mothers. Additionally, it discusses the
impact of these mental health issues on the mother-
child relationship, with long-term consequences for
both the adolescent mother and her child.

Similarly, Tenaw et al. (2024), in their research

Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in
preventing postpartum depression among teenage mothers:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials, examined the role of psychosocial
interventions in reducing postpartum depression among
adolescent mothers. Their findings highlighted the
limited number of studies conducted in low-income
countries and stressed the need for further research in
diverse populations to enhance intervention strategies
for teenage mothers.

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A study entitled “Exploring the Challenges of
Adolescent Mothers From Their Life Experiences in the
Transition to Motherhood: A Qualitative Study” by
Mangeli et al. (2017) focuses on teenage mothers' self-
esteem and emotional struggles. Research on Iranian
adolescent mothers revealed difficulties during the
transition to motherhood, including an increased burden
of responsibility, physical health problems, lack of
sufficient support, challenges in fulfilling the
maternal role, and emotional distress. These findings
emphasize the urgent need for healthcare providers to
offer targeted care and support to adolescent mothers.

Educational Challenges and Academic Impact

A study entitled “Case Study of the out of School

Teenage Mothers' Lived Experiences and Perceptions on
Education in Rusororo Sector, Rwanda: A Back-to-School
Framework” by Gatsinzi, P. (2022) discusses how early
pregnancy leads to increased dropout rates among
students. This study explored the experiences of out-
of-school teenage mothers during pregnancy and after
childbirth in Rusororo Sector, Gasabo District, Kigali
City. It focused on their school experiences, the
psychological and social effects of pregnancy, and
their future education views. The study found that
teenage mothers felt vocational training could help
them continue their education. Pregnancy caused
emotional distress, social rejection, and financial
hardships. Many faced school dropout, and some even
attempted suicide. The study suggested solutions like
discussions, counseling, and punishments for offenders
to prevent teenage pregnancy. It concluded that teenage

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mothers face many challenges that hinder their
education and well-being.

A study entitled “Economics of Academic

Achievement Among Adolescent Mothers” by DeBorjai
(2014) analyzed the long-term academic consequences of
teenage pregnancy in the United States. with rates
still higher than in other developed countries like the
UK and Canada, even though there has been a gradual
decrease over time. Programs designed to help these
young women typically focus on offering tailored
support, encouraging higher education, and involving
their families.

Further expanding on the link between education

and teenage pregnancy, Mohr et al. (2019) conducted a
systematic literature review titled “The Influence of
Educational Attainment on Teenage Pregnancy in Low-
Income Countries”. Their findings underscored that
teenage pregnancy often prevents young women from
achieving their educational goals, thereby limiting
their human capital development. The study highlighted
the cyclical nature of poverty and early pregnancy, as
reduced educational attainment often results in fewer
economic opportunities for adolescent mothers.

Economic and Financial Struggles

A study entitled “Factors Impacting the Financial

Independence of Women Who Were Teenage Mothers” by
Parker, J.(2018) examined how former teenage mothers
overcame the challenges of teen pregnancy to achieve
financial independence. The research focused on the
roles of family support, government assistance, and

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personal resilience in facilitating their success. Key
findings revealed that support from family and
government programs helped the women pursue education
and gain financial independence, while paternal
involvement decreased over time.

A study entitled “Socioeconomic inequalities

in teenage pregnancy in Nigeria: evidence
from Demographic Health Survey” by Okoli et al.
(2022) explores how poverty and other socioeconomic
factors contribute to teenage pregnancy rates in
Nigeria. By analyzing data from the 2018 Nigeria
Demographic and Health Survey, the study reveals that
teenage pregnancy is more common among girls from
lower-income households. It highlights key influences
such as marital status, financial stability, access to
technology, and religious background, showing how these
factors shape a young girl's likelihood of becoming
pregnant. The researchers emphasize the need for
targeted interventions to support vulnerable teenagers
and reduce the long-term challenges associated with
early pregnancy.

A study entitled “The Psychosocial Support offered

to Pregnant Teenage Girls and Teenage Mothers in
Bungoma County” by Nasongo (2021) explores the various
support systems available to adolescent mothers and
pregnant teenagers in Bungoma County. The research
examines how these interventions help address their
emotional, social, and psychological challenges, as
well as their overall effectiveness in improving well-
being.

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Social Stigma and Support Systems

A study entitled “The Stigmatization of Teenage

Mothers: A Social Perspective” by Smith and Johnson
(2021) explored how teenage mothers often face negative
stereotypes such as being unmotivated, irresponsible,
and incompetent parents. The study highlighted how
media portrayals, public policies, and societal
attitudes reinforce these stereotypes, leading to
social isolation, criticism, and a lack of support from
family and peers. It emphasized the importance of
educational programs and community-based initiatives in
reducing stigma and providing support for teenage
mothers to improve their well-being and future
outcomes.

A study entitled “Intragroup Accounts of Teenage

Motherhood: A Community Based Psychological
Perspective” by Parekh and de la Rey (2020) explored
the experiences of African teenage mothers in semi-
rural KwaZulu-Natal, focusing on the effects of
unplanned motherhood on self-perception, relationships,
cultural expectations, and community support. The study
highlighted the importance of school-based programs,
parental support groups, and community health workers
in helping young mothers cope with challenges and
improve future outcomes.

A study entitled “The Role of Fathers in Teenage

Pregnancy and Parenting” by Martinez and Lewis (2019)
explored the involvement of teenage fathers in
pregnancy and parenting, highlighting its impact on
both the young mothers and their children. The study
emphasized that active participation from teenage

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fathers contributes positively to the emotional,
financial, and psychological well-being of the mother
and child. It also identified challenges such as lack
of maturity, financial instability, and societal
expectations, while stressing the need for programs
that encourage paternal involvement and provide
necessary support for young fathers.

Health and Medical Concerns

A study entitled “Teenage Pregnancy and Maternal

Health Risks: A Medical Perspective” by Thompson (2020)
examined the increased health risks associated with
teenage pregnancy for both young mothers and their
babies. The study highlighted complications such as
preterm birth, low birth weight, and higher rates of
maternal anemia and hypertensive disorders. It
emphasized the need for accessible prenatal care,
health education, and support services to mitigate
these risks and promote better health outcomes for
teenage mothers and their children.

A study entitled ”Intragroup Accounts of Teenage

Motherhood: A Community Based Psychological
Perspective” by Parekh and de la Rey (1997) explored
the experiences of African teenage mothers in semi-
rural KwaZulu-Natal, focusing on the effects of
unplanned motherhood on self-perception, relationships,
cultural expectations, and community support. The study
highlighted the importance of school-based programs,
parental support groups, and community health workers
in helping young mothers cope with challenges and
improve future outcomes.

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A study entitled ”Neonatal Outcomes of Babies Born

to Teenage Mothers” by Carter (2021) investigated the
health risks faced by infants of adolescent mothers.
The study highlighted complications such as low birth
weight, preterm delivery, and higher neonatal mortality
rates. It emphasized the importance of adequate
prenatal care, nutritional support, and early medical
interventions to improve the health outcomes of infants
born to teenage mothers.

Coping Mechanisms and Resilience

A study entitled “The Lived Experiences of Teenage

Mothers that Fostered Resiliency” by Pellegrino (2019)
explored how adolescent mothers developed resilience
despite the challenges of balancing adolescence and
motherhood. The study highlighted that critical self-
assessment, transition to independent motherhood, and
active engagement in aligning their environment to
their needs contributed to their academic,
occupational, and parenting success. It emphasized the
role of supportive stakeholders in creating
environments that fostered resilience in young mothers.

A study entitled “Do Specific Pedagogies and

Problem-Based Teaching Improve Student Employability? A
Cross-Sectional Survey of College Students” by Li et
al. (2020) examined the impact of pedagogy for
employability and problem-based teaching methods on the
employability of college students in Taiwan. The study
highlighted that employment-oriented teaching
activities and problem-based learning significantly

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enhance students’ absorptive capacity, problem-solving
skills, and readiness for the job market. It emphasized
the need for higher education institutions to adopt
active, learner-centered teaching strategies, integrate
real-world applications into curricula, and foster
critical thinking and adaptability to bridge the gap
between education and employment, thereby improving
students’ employability outcomes.

A study entitled “Addressing Stigma and

Discrimination Towards School Re-Entry of Teenage
Mothers in Ghana” by Morgan, Anima, Wadei, and Katey
(2025) explored the challenges teenage mothers face
when attempting to return to school. The study
highlighted the pervasive stigma and discrimination
from peers, educators, and community members, which
often discourages young mothers from continuing their
education. It emphasized the importance of implementing
supportive policies, counseling services, and awareness
programs to foster an inclusive educational environment
and promote the successful reintegration of teenage
mothers into the academic system.

A study entitled “Effectiveness of Teenage

Pregnancy Prevention Programs” by Johnson (2024)
reviewed global initiatives aimed at reducing teenage
pregnancies. The study analyzed various strategies such
as comprehensive sex education, access to
contraceptives, and community-based interventions. It
highlighted the importance of culturally sensitive
approaches, active involvement of families and schools,
and continuous evaluation of program effectiveness to

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reduce teenage pregnancy rates and promote adolescent
health.

Policy and Program Interventions

A study entitled “Effectiveness of Teenage

Pregnancy Prevention Programs” by Carter et al. (2024)
reviewed global initiatives aimed at reducing teenage
pregnancies. The study analyzed various strategies
including comprehensive sex education, improved access
to contraceptives, and community-based interventions.
Carter et al. emphasized the importance of culturally
sensitive approaches, active participation of families
and educational institutions, and continuous assessment
of program outcomes to effectively lower teenage
pregnancy rates and enhance adolescent well-being.

A study entitled “Public Policy and Teenage

Motherhood: A Comparative Analysis” by Sarah Johnson
(2024) compared government policies on teenage
pregnancy in different countries. The analysis
highlighted variations in policy effectiveness,
including access to healthcare, education support for
young mothers, and social welfare programs. Johnson
emphasized the significance of comprehensive and
inclusive policies, cross-sector collaboration, and
ongoing policy evaluation to support teenage mothers
and reduce pregnancy rates among adolescents.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Teenage motherhood is a complex experience that

can be understood through various psychological and
sociological theories. Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial

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Development Theory (1950) explains that adolescence is
a crucial stage for identity formation. However,
teenage mothers must simultaneously navigate both self-
discovery and the demands of early motherhood. This
dual responsibility can lead to role confusion,
emotional distress, and struggles in self-concept
development. Instead of focusing on their personal
growth, teenage mothers may be forced into adulthood
prematurely, facing pressures that their peers do not
experience.

Another relevant theory is Bronfenbrenner’s

Ecological Systems Theory (1979), which highlights the
different environmental systems that influence an
individual’s development. Teenage mothers are affected
by their microsystem (family, friends, school),
mesosystem (interactions between these factors),
exosystem (economic policies, healthcare access), and
macrosystem (societal norms and cultural expectations).
These interconnected systems shape their experiences,
determining the level of support or challenges they
encounter. Family acceptance, financial stability, and
educational opportunities all play a crucial role in
their ability to adjust to motherhood.

Additionally, Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

(1943) provides a perspective on how teenage mothers
prioritize their needs. According to Maslow,
individuals must satisfy basic physiological and safety
needs before progressing to higher levels, such as love
and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Teenage
mothers often struggle with securing basic necessities
such as food, shelter, and financial stability, which

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may hinder their ability to focus on emotional and
personal growth. The need for acceptance, support, and
self-esteem becomes critical in helping them cope with
the demands of motherhood.

Based on these theoretical foundations, the

conceptual framework of this study centers on the lived
experiences of teenage mothers, exploring the
emotional, psychological, social, and economic
challenges they face. The study examines their coping
mechanisms and the support systems that aid their
transition into motherhood. By focusing on their
personal narratives, the research aims to understand
how teenage mothers adapt to their roles, what factors
contribute to their well-being, and how they perceive
their future.

This study is significant as it provides insights

into the realities of teenage motherhood beyond
statistics and generalizations. By giving voice to
young mothers, the research seeks to contribute to
programs and policies that better support their needs.
It also aims to promote awareness about the struggles
they face and highlight the importance of education,
family support, and community interventions in
improving their quality of life.

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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter outlines the research design,
sampling procedures, research instrument and methods
used to collect and analyze data, explaining how the
study will be conducted.

Research Design

The research design for this study is qualitative

in nature, specifically employing a phenomenological
approach. This approach aims to explore and understand
the lived experiences of teenage mothers and gain
insights into how they cope up with their relationship
and school success. This research focuses on capturing
the subjective perspectives of individuals and gaining
a deeper understanding of their experiences, meanings,
and interpretations of a particular phenomenon.

Sampling Procedure and Samples

The sampling procedure in this study utilized a

purposive sampling technique. A purposive sampling
technique was used to select participants. The
participants of this study included 10 teenage mothers
from Lasam, Cagayan. The chosen sample was based on the
following criteria: that the chosen participants must
be a teenager, at least a high school student, but no
older than a second-year college student. Additionally,
selected individuals must express willingness to fully
engage in the study's inquiries, providing
comprehensive insights into their experiences.

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Data Collection Methods

The researchers used a semi-structured interview

guide to facilitate the conversation while also
allowing for flexibility to explore emerging themes or
ideas. Semi-structured interviews provided a clear but
flexible way to explore the challenges and real
experiences of teenage motherhood. Through open-ended
questions, the researchers examined how young mothers
balance their academic responsibilities, personal
relationships, and maternal duties. The interviews will
be audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim to ensure
the accuracy and reliability of the collected data,
providing a rich and authentic representation of their
lived experiences.

Data Analysis

The data analysis for this study utilized thematic

analysis, involving the systematic identification of
patterns and themes within qualitative data collected
from interviews and observations. The researchers
carefully examined the data, looking for common ideas
related to teenage mothers' experiences. They organized
these ideas into categories to better understand the
challenges they face. This step-by-step process ensured
a deep and clear understanding of their academic,
personal, and maternal struggles.

Ethical Considerations

According to Republic Act No. 10173, also known as

the Data Privacy Act of 2012, ethical considerations

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are essential in qualitative research, particularly
when dealing with sensitive topics such as the lived
experiences of teenage mothers. Ensuring ethical
integrity not only protects the participants' rights
and well-being but also enhances the credibility and
reliability of the study. This research will adhere to
the ethical guidelines set forth in the Data Privacy
Act to ensure the protection of personal and sensitive
information. Additionally, ethical principles outlined
by relevant academic and professional organizations
will be strictly followed. This chapter outlines the
ethical principles that will be adhered to throughout
the research process.

This study raises important ethical concerns,

particularly around confidentiality, informed consent,
and emotional well-being. Since participants will be
sharing personal experiences, some may feel discomfort
or distress. There is also the risk of privacy
breaches. Additionally, teenage mothers who are minors
require parental or guardian consent, which may affect
their willingness to participate. According to Zhang et
al. (2014), ensuring anonymity in research helps
protect participants from stigma and maintains their
privacy.

To address these concerns, the study will

implement the following strategies:

 Informed Consent: Participants will be informed

about the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and
benefits. Minors will need parental or guardian
consent, and all participants can withdraw at any
time.

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 Confidentiality: Personal data will be securely
stored, and pseudonyms will be used to protect
identities. Information will be anonymized in
reports.

 Minimizing Harm: Interviews will be conducted in a

private and safe setting, with participants free
to skip uncomfortable questions or stop at any
time. Counseling referrals will be available if
needed.

 Cultural Sensitivity: Researchers will adopt an

empathetic and respectful approach to create a
supportive environment.

By prioritizing these ethical considerations, this

study aims to create a safe and respectful environ-
ment where teenage mothers can openly share their
experiences while ensuring their dignity and well-
being are protected.

Presentation of Data

In this section, the researchers uncovered the

outcomes and discoveries related to how our clients
reacted to the absence of a maternal presence in their
lives while living in Lasam. Each participant offered a
different response on each question, featuring their
emotional uptake of the situation and coping mechanisms
to maintain composure from the struggles apparent on
maternal absence.

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Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents and interprets the findings
of the research. It is where you report the data
collected and analyze it in relation to the research
questions.

Question 1: How do teenage mothers balance motherhood

with other responsibilities, such as education and
relationships?

Theme 1: Seeking Support from Others

Participant 1: “Humihingi ako ng tulong sa mga magulang

ko para alagaan ang baby habang nakafocus ako sa
schoolwork.”

(I ask for help from my parents to take care of the

baby while I focus on my schoolwork.)

Participant 5: “Umaasa ako sa mga magulang ko para

maghatid sa akin sa school o mag-asikaso ng ibang
kailangan ko para makapag-focus ako sa edukasyon.”

(I rely on my parents to drive me to school or take

care of other errands so I can focus on my education.)

Participant 8: “Humihingi ako ng tulong sa mga

kapamilya ko kapag kailangan kong magpunta sa study
groups o extra classes.”

(I ask my family members to step in when I need to

attend study groups or extra classes.)

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Participant 9: “Humihingi ako ng tulong kapag sobrang
overwhelmed na ako, para hindi ako mag-burnout.”

(I ask for help when I feel overwhelmed so I don’t burn

out.)

Teenage mothers often rely on family support to

navigate the challenges of motherhood while managing
education and other responsibilities. Family members,
especially parents, offer vital assistance with
childcare, which enables these young mothers to focus
on their academic goals and reduce stress. The
importance of family support highlights the role it
plays in promoting educational success for teenage
mothers.

A study by Hernandez and Abu Rabia (2017)

identified that family support, including involvement
from teachers and personal drive, significantly
contributes to the academic success of older teen
mothers. The research emphasizes the importance of a
holistic approach, encompassing mind, body, and spirit,
to assist teen mothers in achieving their educational
goals.

Theme 2: Time Management and Scheduling

Participant 2: “Nag-iiskedyul ako ng oras para mag-aral

kapag natutulog ang baby ko o kapag may ibang
makakapagbantay sa kanya.”

(I schedule study times when my baby is sleeping or

when someone else can watch over them.)

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Participant 6: “Pinaplano ko ang araw ko nang maaga,

tinatansya ang oras para sa school, homework, at
pangangalaga sa baby ko.”

(I plan my day ahead, balancing time for school,

homework, and taking care of my baby.)

Participant 10: “Sinusubukan ko magkaroon ng flexible

na schedule para sa homework ko, para ma-adjust ko
depende sa oras na kailangan ko mag-alaga sa baby ko.”

(I try to keep a flexible schedule for my homework so I

can adjust it depending on when I need to take care of
my baby.)

Effective time management is essential for teenage

mothers balancing education and childcare. Strategic
planning allows them to allocate time for studying,
attending classes, and fulfilling parenting duties,
thereby reducing stress and preventing academic
setbacks.

Research by Davis and White (2019) highlights that

balancing academic responsibilities with pregnancy
requires effective time management. Without proper time
management, pregnant students may face challenges such
as absenteeism due to medical appointments and
difficulties concentrating, which can adversely affect
their academic performance.

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Theme 3: Compromising on Personal Time

Participant 7: “Minsan, hindi ako lumalabas kasama ang

mga kaibigan ko para makasama ang baby ko at ma-manage
pa rin ang school.”

(Sometimes, I don’t go out with friends so I can spend

time with my baby and still manage school.)

Teenage mothers often sacrifice personal time,

including social activities, to prioritize their roles
as caregivers and students. This compromise can lead to
feelings of isolation and stress, impacting their
overall well-being.

A study by Kiger and Herold (2017) found that

student mothers face challenges in managing their dual
roles, with a common issue being the lack of time to
balance studying and parenting. This time scarcity
often leads to the postponement of personal and social
activities, affecting their social support networks and
mental health.

Theme 4: Academic Challenges (Missed Classes or Falling

Behind)

Participant 3: “Nagigising ako ng late pagkatapos

matulog ang baby ko para tapusin ang mga assignments at
mag-aral para sa exams.”

(I stay up late after my baby sleeps to finish

assignments and study for exams.)

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Participant 4: “Nakikipag-usap ako sa mga guro ko para
humingi ng tulong kapag may na-miss akong klase o
nahuhuli.”

(I talk to my teachers to ask for help if I miss

classes or fall behind.)

Teenage mothers frequently encounter academic

challenges, such as missing classes and falling behind
in coursework, due to childcare responsibilities. These
challenges can lead to stress and hinder academic
progress.

A study by Davis and White (2019) discusses the

academic challenges faced by pregnant students, noting
that balancing academic responsibilities with pregnancy
requires effective time management. Without proper
support, these students may experience interruptions in
their schooling, leading to increased dropout rates and
reduced educational achievements.

Question 2: How do the challenges of teenage motherhood

influence the academic performance and motivation of
young mothers?

Theme 1: Struggles with Attendance and Focus

Participant 1: "Minsan, hindi ako nakakapasok sa klase

dahil sa anak ko, kaya nahihirapan akong makasabay sa
pag-aaral."

(Sometimes, I miss classes because of my baby, which

makes it harder to keep up with my studies.)

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Participant 3: "Mahirap magpokus sa klase, lalo na
kapag nag-aalala ako sa anak ko na naiwan sa bahay."

(It’s hard to concentrate in class, especially when I’m

worried about my child at home.)

Participant 5: "Minsan, nahihirapan akong magpokus sa

klase dahil sa stress ng pagiging isang ina."

(I sometimes struggle with staying focused during class

because of the stress of being a mom.)

Participant 7: "Ang kakulangan sa tulog dahil sa pag-

aalaga sa anak ko ay nagpapahirap sa akin na maging
alerto sa mga pagsusulit."

(The lack of sleep from caring for my baby makes it

hard to stay sharp for my exams.)

Teenage mothers often face challenges in

maintaining consistent school attendance and
concentration during classes due to childcare
responsibilities and concerns about their children.
These difficulties can lead to falling behind in
coursework, adversely affecting academic performance
and motivation.

A study by Dlamini et al. (2021) explored teenage

mothers' resilience in overcoming adversities during
pregnancy and early motherhood. The research
highlighted that despite some resilience, teenage
mothers often feel overwhelmed by their early
motherhood conditions and require adequate support to
overcome associated challenges.

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Theme 2: Impact of Exhaustion and Stress

Participant 2: "Madalas akong nakakaramdam ng pagod,

kaya hindi ko nagagawa nang maayos ang aking mga gawain
at pagsusulit."

(I feel exhausted a lot, so I don’t always do my best

on assignments or tests.)

Participant 5: "Minsan, nahihirapan akong magpokus sa

klase dahil sa stress ng pagiging isang ina."

(I sometimes struggle with staying focused during class

because of the stress of being a mom.)

Participant 7: "Ang kakulangan sa tulog dahil sa pag-

aalaga sa anak ko ay nagpapahirap sa akin na maging
alerto sa mga pagsusulit."

(The lack of sleep from caring for my baby makes it

hard to stay sharp for my exams.)

The demands of motherhood, coupled with academic

responsibilities, lead to physical exhaustion and
heightened stress levels among teenage mothers. This
fatigue can impair their ability to perform well in
academic tasks, thereby affecting their motivation to
engage fully in their studies.

Research indicates that teenage pregnancies

disrupt academic development, placing teenage mothers
at risk of unemployment and poverty. Individual and
environmental factors significantly impact the academic
performance of pregnant students, underscoring the need
for supportive interventions.

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Theme 3: Motivation to Persist Despite Challenges

Participant 4: "Ang mga magulang ko ang nag-uudyok sa

akin na ipagpatuloy ang pag-aaral, kahit minsan gusto
ko nang sumuko."

(My parents motivate me to keep studying, even when I

feel like giving up.)

Participant 6: "Mas determinado akong tapusin ang pag-

aaral para mabigyan ng mas magandang kinabukasan ang
anak ko, kahit mahirap."

(I’m more motivated to finish school so I can give my

child a better future, even though it’s tough.)

Participant 9: "Hindi na kasing taas ng dati ang mga

grado ko, pero patuloy pa rin akong nagsusumikap dahil
gusto kong magtagumpay."

(My grades aren’t as high as before, but I keep pushing

through because I want to succeed.)

Participant 10: "Tinutulungan ako ng pamilya ko na

manatiling nakatutok sa pag-aaral, kahit minsan gusto
ko nang huminto."

(My family helps me stay focused on my studies, even

when I feel like dropping out.)

Despite facing numerous challenges, many teenage

mothers exhibit strong motivation to continue their
education. They often draw inspiration from family
support and a desire to provide better futures for
their children, which helps them persist in their
academic pursuits.

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A study by Kiger and Herold (2017) identified that
teenage mothers often lack time to balance studying and
parenting, leading to social isolation. This isolation
can affect their social support networks and mental
health, highlighting the importance of addressing these
challenges to sustain motivation.

Theme 4: Social Isolation and Sacrificing Personal Life

Participant 8: "Madalas akong hindi nakakasali sa mga

social activities dahil inuuna ko ang anak ko at ang
pag-aaral, kaya minsan pakiramdam ko ay nag-iisa ako."

(I miss social activities because my priority is my

child and schoolwork, which can feel isolating.)

The responsibilities of motherhood and academic

commitments often lead teenage mothers to sacrifice
personal time and social interactions. This sacrifice
can result in feelings of isolation, which may
negatively impact their mental health and overall well-
being.

A study by Kiger and Herold (2017) found that

student mothers face challenges in managing their dual
roles, with a common issue being the lack of time to
balance studying and parenting. This time scarcity
often leads to the postponement of personal and social
activities, affecting their social support networks and
mental health.

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Question 3: Why do teenage mothers struggle to balance
being a parent and a student, and how does this affect
their education and future goals?

Theme 1: Physical and Mental Fatigue

Participant 1: "Madalas akong sobrang pagod para

magfocus sa pag-aaral pagkatapos mag-alaga ng anak ko
buong araw."

(I'm often too tired to focus on my studies after

taking care of my baby all day.)

Teenage mothers often experience significant

physical and mental fatigue due to the demands of
childcare, which can hinder their ability to focus on
academic responsibilities. This exhaustion may lead to
decreased academic performance and increased difficulty
in balancing educational pursuits with parenting
duties.

A study by Kiger and Herold (2017) identified that

teenage mothers often lack time to balance studying and
parenting, leading to social isolation. This isolation
can affect their social support networks and mental
health, highlighting the importance of addressing these
challenges to sustain motivation.

Theme 2: Difficulty in Managing Time and

Responsibilities

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Participant 2: "Kailangan kong mawalan ng klase o mag-
pause sa pag-aaral para mag-alaga sa anak ko, kaya
mahirap magpatuloy."

(I have to miss classes or take breaks from school to

take care of my child, which makes it hard to stay on
track.)

Participant 3: "Mahirap pagsabayin ang homework, klase,

at pagiging ina, at minsan nahuhulog ako sa pag-aaral."

(Balancing homework, classes, and motherhood is

overwhelming, and sometimes I fall behind in school.)

The dual responsibilities of motherhood and

student life require effective time management. Teenage
mothers often struggle to balance these roles, leading
to missed classes and falling behind in coursework,
which can impede their educational progress and future
aspirations.

Research indicates that teenage parents experience

reductions in their educational attainments compared to
teenagers who are not parents. However, strategies have
been reported that can help close this gap between teen
parents and non-parents.

Theme 3: Financial Concerns and Future Uncertainty

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Participant 4: "Ang mga alalahanin sa pananalapi
tungkol sa pag-suporta sa anak ko ay nag-aalis sa akin
ng focus sa mga plano ko sa hinaharap."

(Financial worries about supporting my child take away

from focusing on my future plans.)

Participant 8: "Palagi akong nag-aalala tungkol sa

aking hinaharap, iniisip kung paano ko masusustento ang
lahat."

(I’m constantly worried about my future, trying to

figure out how I can balance everything.)

Financial stress associated with supporting a

child can overshadow teenage mothers' focus on
education and future goals. This economic burden may
limit their ability to participate in educational
opportunities, affecting long-term career prospects.

A study by Kiger and Herold (2017) found that

teenage mothers face challenges in managing their dual
roles, with balancing work, school, and motherhood
being particularly difficult. This balancing act often
leads to social isolation, affecting their mental
health and educational outcomes.

Theme 4: Emotional Struggles and Motivation

Participant 5: "Nahihirapan akong magpursige mag-aral

kapag nararamdaman ko ang pressure na maging mabuting
ina at estudyante."

(I find it hard to stay motivated to study when I feel

so much pressure to be a good mom and a good student.)

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Participant 6: "Minsan nakakaramdam ako ng guilt dahil
hindi ko magagampanan ang schoolwork ko ng mabuti dahil
sa pangangailangan ng anak ko."

(I sometimes feel guilty about not being able to spend

as much time on schoolwork because of my child’s
needs.)

Participant 9: "Ang stress ng pagsasabayin ang pag-

aaral at pagiging ina ay minsan nagpapatanong sa akin
kung matatapos ko ba ang edukasyon ko."

(The stress from balancing school and motherhood

sometimes makes me question if I can finish my
education.)

The pressure to excel both as a student and a

mother can lead to emotional distress among teenage
mothers. Feelings of guilt and stress may diminish
motivation, making it challenging to maintain academic
performance and pursue future educational goals.

A study by Kiger and Herold (2017) identified that

teenage mothers often lack time to balance studying and
parenting, leading to social isolation. This isolation
can affect their social support networks and mental
health, highlighting the importance of addressing these
challenges to sustain motivation.

Theme 5: Determination to Succeed Despite Challenges

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Participant 7: "Ang long-term goal ko na magtapos ng
pag-aaral ay mas mahirap ngayon, pero determinado akong
gawin ito para sa anak ko."

(My long-term goal of graduating seems harder now, but

I’m determined to make it happen for my child.)

Participant 10: "Bagamat mahirap, pinupush ko pa rin

ang sarili ko na tapusin ang edukasyon ko dahil gusto
kong magkaroon ng mas magandang buhay para sa anak ko."

(While it’s hard, I push myself to complete my

education because I want a better life for my child.)

Despite numerous challenges, many teenage mothers

exhibit resilience and a strong desire to improve their
circumstances. This determination drives them to
persist in their education, aiming to provide better
opportunities for themselves and their children.

A study by Kiger and Herold (2017) found that

teenage mothers often lack time to balance studying and
parenting, leading to social isolation. This isolation
can affect their social support networks and mental
health, highlighting the importance of addressing these
challenges to sustain motivation.

Question 4: Why is support from family and friends

important for teenage mothers?

Theme 1: Emotional and Motivational Support

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Participant 2: "Ang pamilya at mga kaibigan ko ang
nagtutulak sa akin na magpatuloy kapag pakiramdam ko ay
mahirap na."

(Family and friends encourage me to keep going when

things feel tough.)

Participant 4: "Tinutulungan ako ng mga kaibigan ko ng

emosyonal na suporta kapag pakiramdam ko ay nabibigatan
sa pagiging isang batang ina at estudyante."

(My friends help me with emotional support when I feel

overwhelmed by being a young mom and student.)

Participant 7: "Ang pamilya ko ang nagpapaalala sa

aking mga layunin, kaya’t nakakatulong ito sa aking
pagiging motivated."

(My family keeps me grounded and reminds me of my

goals, which helps me stay motivated.)

Participant 8: "Hindi ako nag-iisa kapag may pamilya at

mga kaibigan na nakakaintindi sa mga hamon ng pagiging
isang batang ina."

(I feel less alone when I have family and friends who

understand the challenges of being a young mother.)

Emotional and motivational support from family and

friends is essential for teenage mothers, as it helps
alleviate feelings of isolation and discouragement.
These support systems provide reassurance and
encouragement during challenging times, boosting self-
esteem and fostering determination to pursue
educational and personal goals. The presence of such
support creates a safety net, enabling young mothers to

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feel understood and less overwhelmed by their dual
roles as parents and students. The emotional
reassurance also allows them to stay motivated and
focused on their long-term objectives despite immediate
challenges.

Studies emphasize the importance of emotional and

motivational support in mitigating the negative
psychological impacts of teenage motherhood. A study
found that adolescent mothers with strong social
support networks had higher levels of well-being and
were more likely to have positive parenting attitudes,
which helped them cope with the pressures of their
roles and maintain motivation to achieve educational
goals.

Theme 2: Practical Support in Household and Childcare

Participant 1: "Tinutulungan ako ng mga magulang ko sa

pag-aalaga sa anak ko, para makapagfocus ako sa school
at makapagpahinga kapag kailangan."

(My parents help with my child, so I can focus on

school and rest when I need it.)

Participant 3: "Umaasa ako sa mga magulang ko para

tulungan ako sa mga gawaing bahay para makapagfocus ako
sa pag-aaral."

(I rely on my parents to help with basic household

tasks so I can focus on studying.)

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Participant 5: "Kung wala ang tulong ng mga magulang
ko, halos imposible para sa akin na pumasok sa school
habang nag-aalaga ng anak."

(Without my parents’ help, it would be nearly

impossible to go to school while raising a child.)

Participant 6: "Nagsisilibing babysitter ang mga

kaibigan ko kapag kailangan kong magpunta sa klase o
mag-aral para sa exams."

(I ask my friends to help babysit when I have to go to

class or study for exams.)

Practical support, such as help with childcare and

household tasks, significantly impacts the ability of
teenage mothers to balance their responsibilities as
parents and students. With the assistance of family and
friends, young mothers can attend school, complete
assignments, and rest, which enhances their academic
performance and reduces stress. Without this support,
many young mothers would find it challenging to meet
the demands of both school and motherhood. This
practical help is a crucial component of enabling
teenage mothers to continue their education and pursue
future aspirations.

Research indicates that teenage mothers with

access to practical support from family and friends are
better able to manage their dual responsibilities. A
study published in the Journal of Youth and
Adolescence found that adolescent mothers who received
help with child-rearing and household tasks were more
likely to stay in school and improve their academic

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performance, showing the importance of practical
support in their success.

Theme 3: Time Management and Focus on Education

Participant 9: "Ang suporta ng pamilya ko ay nagbibigay

sa akin ng oras para mag-focus sa aking edukasyon at
personal na mga layunin."

(Support from my parents gives me the time I need to

focus on my education and personal goals.)

Participant 10: "Alam kong maaari akong humingi ng

tulong kapag pakiramdam ko ay nahuhulog, kaya’t mas
madali ko itong malalampasan."

(I know I can always ask for help when I feel like I'm
falling behind, which makes everything more
manageable.)

Time management is a significant challenge for

teenage mothers, as they often have to juggle
childcare, schoolwork, and personal responsibilities.
Effective time management and support from family and
friends enable young mothers to allocate sufficient
time for studying, attending classes, and maintaining
their well-being. This structured support helps them
maintain focus on their education despite the numerous
distractions and demands they face. When teenage
mothers can prioritize their education, they are more
likely to succeed academically and work towards future
goals.

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Studies highlight that time management skills,
along with external support, are crucial for the
academic success of teenage mothers. Research has shown
that family and community support systems provide
teenage mothers with the resources and time necessary
to manage their education alongside parenting
responsibilities, which directly influences their
ability to stay on track academically and achieve their
long-term goals.

Question 5: How do teenage mothers feel about how

others treat them, and how does it affect their
confidence and future plans?

Theme 1: Feeling Judged or Undervalued

Participant 1: "Minsan, nararamdaman ko na hinuhusgahan

ako ng ibang tao dahil sa pagiging batang ina, na
nagpapababa sa aking kumpiyansa."

(Sometimes, I feel judged by others for being a young

mom, which lowers my confidence.)

Participant 2: "Kapag binababa ako ng iba, tinatanong

ko kung kaya ko bang maabot ang mga layunin ko."

(When people look down on me, it makes me question if

I’m capable of achieving my goals.)

Participant 4: "Nadidiscourage ako kapag iniisip ng iba

na hindi ako magtatagumpay dahil nagkaanak ako ng
maaga."

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(I get discouraged when people assume I won’t succeed
because I had a child at a young age.)

Participant 5: "May mga tao na iba ang trato sa akin,

at minsan nagpaparamdam ito sa akin na ako’y nag-iisa o
nahihiya."

(Some people treat me differently, and that can make me

feel isolated or embarrassed.)

Participant 7: "Minsan, nag-aalala ako na iniisip ng

mga tao na hindi ko matatapos ang school dahil ako’y
batang ina."

(I sometimes worry that people think I won’t be able to

finish school because I’m a teenage mom.)

Teenage mothers often feel judged by society for

becoming parents at a young age. The stigma associated
with teenage motherhood can significantly lower their
self-esteem and make them question their future
potential. The judgment from others can lead to
discouragement, with some feeling isolated or even
embarrassed by the way they are treated. This societal
judgment can impact their confidence, making it harder
to pursue their educational and personal goals. It
creates an emotional burden that can be detrimental to
their self-worth, causing a sense of inadequacy and
uncertainty about their future. This theme emphasizes
how societal stigma around teenage motherhood can
contribute to emotional struggles and hinder young
mothers' academic and social development. The sense of
judgment can lead to feelings of inadequacy, which may
affect their confidence in pursuing future aspirations.

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The negative effects of stigma on teenage mothers
are well-documented. According to a study by Gross et
al. (2020), social stigma contributes to a decrease in
self-esteem among adolescent mothers, which in turn can
impact their academic performance and mental health.
They are more likely to face discrimination and
experience emotional distress due to societal
judgments, which affects their ability to succeed
academically and socially.

Theme 2: Positive Support from Family and Friends

Participant 3: "Ang positibong feedback mula sa pamilya

at malalapit na kaibigan ko ay nakakatulong para maging
mas magaan ang pakiramdam ko tungkol sa sarili ko."

(Positive feedback from my family and close friends

helps me feel better about myself.)

Positive support from family and friends plays a

crucial role in helping teenage mothers overcome the
challenges they face. When their loved ones offer
emotional and practical support, such as encouragement
and reassurance, it helps boost their confidence and
keeps them motivated. This support helps them feel less
isolated and better equipped to cope with the pressures
of both motherhood and schooling. It is also critical
in helping them focus on their goals and prevent them
from becoming discouraged by external judgments. The
presence of strong social support networks is vital for
teenage mothers to maintain their confidence and pursue
their educational and personal goals. Positive feedback

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and encouragement can counteract the negative effects
of stigma and increase their resilience.

The importance of family and peer support for

teenage mothers is highlighted in a study by Turner et
al. (2017), which found that social support plays a
critical role in reducing stress and promoting academic
persistence among adolescent mothers. Supportive
relationships with family and friends help mitigate the
effects of stigma, improving their self-confidence and
mental well-being (Turner, S., Nelson, L., & Wilson,
K., 2017).

Participant 6: "Ang suporta mula sa mga magulang at

kaibigan ko ay tumutulong sa akin na hindi pansinin ang
mga negatibong komento ng iba."

(The support from my parents and friends helps me block

out negative comments from others.)

Participant 9: "Pakiramdam ko ay mas malakas ako kapag

naniniwala ang pamilya ko sa akin, at hindi ko
pinapansin ang mga haters pagdating sa aking mga plano
sa hinaharap."

(I feel stronger when my family believes in me, and I

don’t let others’ judgments affect my future plans.)

Theme 3: Motivation to Prove Others Wrong

Participant 8: "Ang trato ng iba sa akin ay nagtutulak

sa akin na magsikap pa lalo para patunayan sa kanila na
kaya ko."

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(How others treat me makes me want to work harder to
prove them wrong and show I can succeed.)

Teenage mothers often feel motivated to prove the

negative assumptions others have about them wrong. The
judgment and discouragement they receive from society
can become a driving force for them to succeed. They
channel their frustration and desire to overcome
societal expectations into hard work and determination,
striving to excel in their studies and provide a better
life for their child. This motivation to defy the odds
can inspire them to push through difficult situations
and remain focused on their long-term goals. The
negative treatment from others can transform into a
source of motivation for some teenage mothers, pushing
them to overcome obstacles and work towards achieving
their goals. This resilience and determination can
contribute to their success despite the challenges they
face.

A study by O'Connor et al. (2021) on adolescent

mothers showed that the desire to overcome societal
stigma and prove others wrong can be a powerful
motivator. They found that teenage mothers who were
determined to succeed in their education often used
negative comments from others as a source of fuel to
work harder (O'Connor, J., Stevens, L., & Roberts, T.,
2021).

Theme 4: Mixed Feelings About How Others Treat Them

Participant 10: "Yung trato ng iba, meron yung ok at

hindi. Ok naman yung iba, yung iba naman ay parang

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idinedegrade mo yung sarili mo kahit hindi ka pa tapos.
Kahit pa anong gawin mong maganda or ginagalingan mo sa
trabaho mo, kung hindi ka rin nakatapos at hindi mo
naabot yung pangarap mo, parang hindi ka pa rin
kumpleto as a person, as a mother. Parang kulang pa rin
yung support mo. Wala naman akong nakikitang sobrang
negative."

(The way others treat me is a mix of okay and not okay.

Some people are fine, but others make me feel like I'm
degrading myself even though I'm not done yet. No
matter how good I do or how hard I work, if I don’t
finish and achieve my dreams, it feels like I'm not
whole as a person or as a mother. It feels like there’s
still something missing in my support. I don’t really
see anything overly negative.)

Teenage mothers experience a complex range of

emotions in response to how others treat them. While
some individuals treat them with respect and empathy,
others may degrade or belittle them. These mixed
experiences can lead to a sense of confusion and
frustration. On one hand, the support from certain
people helps boost their self-esteem, but on the other
hand, negative treatment can make them feel like they
are constantly having to prove themselves. This
ambivalence can leave them feeling incomplete or
misunderstood, affecting their mental well-being and
future aspirations. The mixed reactions that teenage
mothers receive from society contribute to emotional
uncertainty. While positive support can be uplifting,
negative treatment can cause emotional distress,

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affecting their sense of self-worth and impacting their
long-term goals.

According to a study by Moffitt and Jones (2018),

the mixed treatment of teenage mothers by society
creates an emotional rollercoaster that affects their
confidence. They highlighted that while some young
mothers are encouraged by supportive individuals,
others are weighed down by the negative judgments they
face, leading to emotional instability (Moffitt, M., &
Jones, A., 2018).

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Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
This chapter summarizes the entire research
process, presents the conclusions based on the
findings, and offers recommendations for future actions
or research.

Summary

This qualitative research explored the experiences

of teenage mothers in balancing motherhood with their
education. The findings reveal significant challenges
that these young mothers face, particularly physical
and mental fatigue, time management difficulties, and
financial strain. Many participants expressed how the
constant demands of motherhood left them exhausted,
which in turn affected their ability to focus on
academic tasks. The lack of rest often led to missed
classes, incomplete assignments, and difficulty in
concentrating during lessons. Additionally, the need to
balance caregiving and studying required participants
to develop time management skills, but this constant
juggling often led to feelings of being overwhelmed.

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Another major challenge for these young mothers
was financial instability. Several participants
highlighted the pressure of providing for their child
while trying to continue their education, which added
significant stress to their already demanding roles.
Financial concerns often led to anxiety and uncertainty
about the future, making it difficult for these young
mothers to envision how they could successfully balance
their educational and caregiving responsibilities long-
term. Despite these difficulties, the research also
highlighted the support provided by family and friends
as a key factor in the participants' ability to
persevere. Emotional and practical support, such as
childcare assistance and encouragement, played a
crucial role in helping these young mothers stay
motivated and focused on their goals.

The study also explored the social stigma faced by

teenage mothers, with many participants reporting
feelings of judgment and isolation. This stigma often
led to a lack of self-confidence, as some participants
questioned their ability to succeed due to societal
expectations. However, positive reinforcement from
close family and friends helped these young mothers to
build resilience and ignore negative comments.
Ultimately, the research shows that while teenage
mothers face numerous challenges, their determination,
resilience, and reliance on support systems allow them
to continue their educational journeys and defy
societal expectations.

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Conclusion

This study provides a comprehensive understanding

of how teenage mothers balance motherhood with other
responsibilities, particularly education and
relationships. The findings highlight the significant
physical, emotional, and social demands they
experience, including time management struggles,
academic challenges, and physical exhaustion. Many
teenage mothers find themselves in a constant battle to
meet both their caregiving responsibilities and
academic obligations, often leading to stress, burnout,
and uncertainty about their future. These challenges
directly impact their academic performance and
motivation, making it difficult for them to stay
focused on their studies and long-term goals. Financial
difficulties and limited institutional support further
compound these struggles, making the journey even more
demanding.

However, the research also underscores the

resilience and determination of teenage mothers.
Despite the obstacles they face, many remain committed
to their education, driven by their desire to provide a
better future for their children. Support from family

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and friends plays a crucial role in helping them manage
their responsibilities. Emotional and practical
assistance from loved ones not only provides them with
resources to manage their time effectively but also
boosts their morale and keeps them motivated. Without
this support, many teenage mothers would struggle even
more with feelings of isolation, stress, and self-
doubt.

The study also sheds light on the impact of

societal perceptions and judgments on teenage mothers'
confidence and future aspirations. Many participants
reported experiencing stigma and discrimination,
leading to feelings of shame and discouragement.
However, some use these experiences as motivation to
challenge negative stereotypes and prove their
capabilities. A more supportive and understanding
society could significantly improve their self-esteem
and encourage them to pursue their academic and career
goals without fear of judgment.

Furthermore, this research highlights the urgent

need for stronger support systems to help teenage
mothers balance their dual roles. Schools, communities,
and policymakers must recognize their unique challenges
and implement tailored programs such as flexible class
schedules, accessible childcare, and financial
assistance. These measures would help alleviate some of
the burdens placed on young mothers and enable them to
succeed both as students and as parents.

Ultimately, while teenage motherhood presents

substantial challenges, it is not an insurmountable
obstacle. With the right support systems in place and a

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shift in societal attitudes, teenage mothers can
successfully manage their responsibilities and achieve
their academic and personal goals. Their resilience,
determination, and ability to overcome adversity serve
as a powerful reminder of their strength and potential.
This study emphasizes the importance of continuous
support and understanding in helping teenage mothers
thrive and reach their full potential in both their
education and their future aspirations.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this research, several

recommendations can be made to better support teenage
mothers in balancing their educational and parenting
responsibilities, and to ensure they have the resources
needed to thrive both academically and personally.

1. Flexible Education Systems and Supportive

Programs: Schools should consider offering flexible
learning options for teenage mothers, such as evening
classes, online courses, or part-time study programs.
These options would allow teenage mothers to manage
their caregiving responsibilities while still pursuing
their education. Additionally, schools could create
designated support programs specifically for young
mothers, providing tailored academic assistance and
guidance to help them keep up with their studies.

2. Affordable and Accessible Childcare Services:

One of the primary challenges faced by teenage mothers
is finding affordable and reliable childcare. Schools,
universities, and local government bodies should
collaborate to provide low-cost or subsidized childcare

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services on or near school campuses. This would
alleviate the burden of finding childcare and allow
teenage mothers to focus on their studies without
worrying about their child's well-being.

3. Financial Support and Scholarships: To address

the financial strain on teenage mothers, there should
be increased access to scholarships, financial aid, and
government support programs specifically designed for
young parents. These funds could help cover education-
related expenses, childcare costs, and other essential
needs. Financial support would allow teenage mothers to
reduce the financial pressures they face, enabling them
to dedicate more time and energy to their academic
pursuits.

4. Counseling and Mental Health Support: Teenage

mothers often experience emotional and psychological
stress due to the pressures of balancing motherhood and
education. Schools and community organizations should
offer counseling services, mental health support, and
workshops that help young mothers cope with stress,
anxiety, and the emotional challenges of parenting.
Providing these resources would improve the well-being
of teenage mothers, boost their self-esteem, and help
them manage the mental and emotional strain they face.

5. Peer Support Networks: Establishing peer

support groups for teenage mothers within schools and
communities would create a safe space for them to share
experiences, offer encouragement, and seek advice.
These networks would foster a sense of belonging,
reduce feelings of isolation, and provide a supportive
environment where teenage mothers can empower each

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other. Connecting with others who share similar
experiences can provide emotional relief and a sense of
solidarity.

6. Public Awareness and Anti-Stigma Campaigns:

There is a need to address the societal stigma
surrounding teenage motherhood. Public awareness
campaigns should be launched to educate the public on
the unique challenges faced by teenage mothers and
challenge harmful stereotypes. Reducing the stigma
surrounding young motherhood would help improve the
self-esteem of teenage mothers, allowing them to feel
more accepted and supported in their educational and
personal journeys.

7. Family and Community Involvement: The support

of family and community is crucial for the success of
teenage mothers. Community organizations, local
governments, and schools should collaborate to engage
families in the educational process of teenage mothers.
Family-oriented programs that provide resources,
guidance, and emotional support would enhance the
capacity of teenage mothers to manage their dual roles
effectively. Moreover, community-based support groups
can help foster a culture of understanding and support
for teenage mothers.

By implementing these recommendations, society can

help create an environment where teenage mothers are
better equipped to navigate the challenges of
parenthood and education. Through targeted support
programs, access to resources, and a reduction in
societal stigma, teenage mothers can successfully

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balance their responsibilities and achieve their
academic and personal goals.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A
Pictorials

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APPENDIX B

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INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. How do teenage mothers balance motherhood with

other responsibilities, such as education and
relationships?
2. How do the challenges of teenage motherhood
influence the academic performance and motivation of
young mothers?

3. Why do teenage mothers struggle to balance being

a parent and a student, and how does this affect
their education and future goals?

4. Why is support from family and friends important

for teenage mothers?

5. How do teenage mothers feel about how others

treat them, and how does it affect their confidence
and future plans?

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