0% found this document useful (0 votes)

9 views40 pages

Data Demographic

The document presents demographic profiles and projections from the United Nations, highlighting global population trends from 1950 to 2100. It includes data on total population, population density, median age, dependency ratios, mortality rates, and fertility rates. Key findings indicate a steady increase in global population, changes in life expectancy, and shifts in birth and death rates over the decades.

Uploaded by

pritamnydv

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

9 views40 pages

Data Demographic

Uploaded by

pritamnydv

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

World
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 2 525 149 3 682 488 5 309 668 6 126 622 6 519 636 6 929 725 7 349 472 7 758 157 8 500 766 9 725 148 10 701 653 11 213 317
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 19 28 41 47 50 53 56 60 65 75 82 86
Median age (years)................................................... 23.5 21.5 24.0 26.3 27.4 28.5 29.6 30.9 33.1 36.1 39.1 41.7
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 65.1 75.1 63.9 58.7 54.6 52.3 52.3 53.4 54.7 59.6 63.8 67.9
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 56.7 65.8 53.9 47.9 43.4 40.6 39.7 39.1 36.6 34.0 31.6 29.7
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 8.4 9.2 10.0 10.9 11.3 11.6 12.6 14.3 18.1 25.6 32.2 38.2

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.1
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 17.7 20.6 18.0 13.2 12.4 12.2 11.8 10.8 8.6 5.7 2.9 1.3
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 40 34 39 53 56 57 59 64 81 123 — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 19.3 13.5 9.5 8.7 8.4 8.0 7.8 7.8 8.0 9.2 10.2 10.5
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 142 105 67 57 49 42 36 32 26 17 11 7
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 215 157 96 83 71 59 50 44 36 23 14 9
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 384 280 197 188 180 166 153 143 129 105 80 60
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 46.8 55.4 63.6 65.6 67.1 68.8 70.5 71.7 73.7 77.1 80.4 83.2
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 45.4 53.5 61.4 63.3 64.9 66.7 68.3 69.5 71.5 75.1 78.8 81.8
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 48.3 57.3 65.8 67.9 69.2 71.1 72.7 73.9 75.9 79.1 82.1 84.6
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 47.0 52.1 56.4 57.2 57.9 58.9 59.8 60.6 61.9 64.3 66.8 69.1
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 11.3 12.9 14.4 15.1 15.5 16.1 16.5 17.0 17.8 19.3 20.8 22.2
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 36.9 34.1 27.5 21.9 20.8 20.2 19.6 18.6 16.7 14.9 13.1 11.8
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 4.96 4.92 3.45 2.74 2.62 2.56 2.51 2.47 2.38 2.25 2.10 1.99
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 106 107 107 108 107 107 106 106 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.67 1.89 1.45 1.16 1.12 1.11 1.10 1.09 1.07 1.04 0.99 0.95
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.1 29.0 27.7 27.5 27.5 27.6 27.6 27.7 27.9 28.5 29.1 29.8
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 487 364 597 172 698 317 650 312 658 430 680 567 699 214 703 126 692 606 712 084 696 927 660 104
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 254 199 237 180 241 190 258 813 265 417 270 478 279 467 294 442 333 501 440 828 543 263 589 247
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 233 165 359 993 457 127 391 499 393 014 410 089 419 747 408 685 359 105 271 256 153 664 70 857
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
4 More developed regions
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 812 989 1 007 682 1 144 463 1 188 812 1 208 920 1 233 376 1 251 351 1 266 360 1 283 920 1 286 422 1 273 684 1 277 379
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 17 21 23 24 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26
Median age (years)................................................... 28.5 30.6 34.4 37.3 38.8 40.0 41.2 42.2 44.1 45.1 45.6 46.6
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 54.2 55.8 49.3 48.2 47.5 48.1 51.5 55.9 63.6 72.9 75.2 79.9
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 42.3 40.4 30.6 27.0 25.0 24.3 24.8 25.6 26.0 27.1 27.4 27.7
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 11.9 15.4 18.7 21.2 22.6 23.8 26.7 30.3 37.7 45.8 47.8 52.2

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 201 162 139 141 138 129 112 104 90 65 44 28
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 64.7 70.3 73.9 74.7 75.6 76.9 78.3 79.1 80.7 83.5 86.6 89.4
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 62.1 66.9 70.2 71.0 71.9 73.4 75.1 76.0 77.8 81.1 84.6 87.6
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 67.2 73.6 77.4 78.5 79.3 80.4 81.5 82.1 83.5 85.8 88.6 91.3
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 55.7 57.8 60.3 60.7 61.4 62.6 63.9 64.6 66.1 68.8 71.8 74.6
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 13.5 14.3 16.1 16.8 17.3 18.2 19.0 19.5 20.4 22.1 24.2 26.2
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 22.4 17.3 13.9 11.2 11.0 11.4 11.1 10.9 10.2 10.4 10.3 10.1
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 2.82 2.39 1.81 1.57 1.58 1.67 1.67 1.69 1.75 1.82 1.86 1.88
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.25 1.11 0.87 0.75 0.75 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.84 0.88 0.90 0.91
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 28.3 27.2 26.9 27.7 28.3 28.7 29.3 30.3 30.9 31.0 31.0 31.0
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 93 850 85 134 78 297 66 248 66 077 69 552 68 687 68 444 65 130 66 783 65 766 64 490
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 44 573 46 660 54 602 60 445 61 743 61 527 62 395 65 191 69 786 79 492 75 899 69 570
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 49 277 38 474 23 695 5 804 4 334 8 025 6 292 3 253 - 4 656 - 12 709 - 10 132 - 5 080
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 738 3 563 7 163 13 247 15 774 16 431 11 683 11 756 11 365 11 551 8 663 5 776
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 0.2 0.7 1.3 2.3 2.6 2.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.4 0.9

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Less developed regions
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 1 712 161 2 674 806 4 165 205 4 937 810 5 310 716 5 696 349 6 098 121 6 491 797 7 216 847 8 438 726 9 427 969 9 935 938
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 21 33 51 61 66 70 75 80 89 104 116 123
Median age (years)................................................... 21.4 18.8 21.7 24.0 25.1 26.5 27.8 29.1 31.3 34.9 38.3 41.1
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 70.9 83.7 68.4 61.5 56.3 53.2 52.5 53.0 53.2 57.8 62.4 66.4
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 64.3 77.1 61.1 53.3 47.8 44.3 42.8 41.7 38.3 35.0 32.1 30.0
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.6 6.5 7.3 8.1 8.5 8.9 9.7 11.3 14.8 22.8 30.3 36.5

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 2.0 2.5 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.1
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 20.4 25.6 21.9 16.2 15.2 14.6 14.0 12.9 10.3 6.8 3.5 1.5
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 34 28 32 45 48 50 51 56 70 106 — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 23.2 15.2 9.4 8.4 8.0 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.5 8.7 10.0 10.5
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 161 118 74 63 54 46 39 35 28 19 12 8
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 248 178 107 91 77 65 54 48 39 25 16 10
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 470 334 219 203 191 176 161 151 136 110 85 63
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 41.5 51.4 61.2 63.7 65.3 67.1 68.8 70.0 72.2 76.0 79.6 82.4
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 40.6 50.3 59.7 62.0 63.7 65.4 66.9 68.2 70.3 74.2 78.0 81.1
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 42.5 52.7 62.9 65.5 67.0 68.9 70.7 72.0 74.3 78.0 81.2 83.7
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 43.0 49.3 54.6 55.8 56.6 57.5 58.4 59.3 60.7 63.4 66.1 68.4
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.7 11.7 13.2 14.0 14.5 14.9 15.3 15.8 16.7 18.5 20.2 21.7
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 43.6 40.7 31.4 24.6 23.1 22.2 21.4 20.2 17.8 15.5 13.5 12.0
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.08 6.03 3.92 3.00 2.83 2.72 2.65 2.58 2.47 2.30 2.12 2.00
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 106 107 108 108 108 107 107 106 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.89 2.22 1.62 1.26 1.20 1.17 1.15 1.14 1.11 1.06 1.00 0.95
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.6 29.5 28.0 27.6 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.6 28.2 28.9 29.7
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 393 514 512 038 620 020 584 064 592 354 611 015 630 527 634 683 627 476 645 301 631 161 595 613
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 209 626 190 520 186 587 198 369 203 674 208 951 217 072 229 251 263 715 361 336 467 365 519 677
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 183 888 321 518 433 432 385 695 388 680 402 064 413 455 405 432 363 761 283 965 163 796 75 937
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 738 - 3 563 - 7 163 - 13 247 - 15 774 - 16 431 - 11 683 - 11 756 - 11 365 - 11 551 - 8 663 - 5 776
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
6 Least developed countries
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 195 725 308 870 510 058 664 386 752 805 847 255 954 158 1 070 680 1 325 694 1 896 921 2 609 333 3 167 116
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 10 15 25 33 37 42 47 53 66 94 129 157
Median age (years)................................................... 19.3 17.9 17.5 18.2 18.6 19.1 19.7 20.5 22.3 26.1 31.0 35.7
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 80.2 89.1 91.6 86.4 83.7 81.2 77.2 73.0 66.6 59.0 56.6 58.0
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 74.3 83.7 85.6 80.3 77.6 74.9 70.8 66.6 59.4 48.5 39.6 33.6
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 5.9 5.5 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.4 7.2 10.5 17.1 24.4

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 488 408 331 327 310 271 240 218 189 146 111 84
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 36.1 43.3 50.6 53.7 56.2 59.5 62.2 64.0 67.0 71.8 75.8 78.9
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 35.0 42.1 49.4 52.6 55.1 58.3 60.7 62.5 65.4 69.9 73.8 77.1
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 37.4 44.5 51.9 54.9 57.4 60.7 63.6 65.6 68.7 73.7 77.8 80.6
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 41.8 45.4 49.1 49.8 50.8 52.6 54.2 55.3 57.0 59.9 62.8 65.3
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.4 10.6 11.7 12.6 13.0 13.5 13.9 14.2 14.9 16.2 17.9 19.3
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 48.1 47.5 43.6 39.6 37.6 35.5 33.3 31.6 28.2 22.8 17.9 14.6
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.56 6.74 6.19 5.39 5.01 4.62 4.27 3.98 3.50 2.91 2.44 2.14
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.80 2.16 2.22 2.04 1.97 1.90 1.81 1.72 1.57 1.34 1.15 1.02
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.4 29.4 29.5 29.2 29.0 28.8 28.6 28.4 28.3 28.3 28.7 29.2
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 49 463 68 881 104 201 123 648 133 324 141 890 149 997 159 851 177 942 207 753 227 995 227 204
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 28 889 30 873 36 933 40 587 40 608 39 065 38 352 39 201 42 790 56 697 90 123 131 183
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 20 574 38 009 67 268 83 060 92 716 102 825 111 645 120 650 135 152 151 056 137 872 96 021
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 522 - 863 - 3 757 - 3 864 - 4 297 - 8 376 - 4 742 - 4 128 - 4 161 - 4 107 - 3 080 - 2 054
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.5 -0.6 -1.6 -1.2 -1.2 -2.1 -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.5 -0.2 -0.1

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Other less developed countries
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 1 516 436 2 365 936 3 655 147 4 273 424 4 557 911 4 849 094 5 143 963 5 421 116 5 891 153 6 541 805 6 818 636 6 768 822
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 25 39 60 70 75 80 85 89 97 108 112 111
Median age (years)................................................... 21.7 18.9 22.3 25.1 26.4 27.9 29.3 30.9 33.8 37.8 41.4 43.9
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 69.7 83.0 65.6 58.2 52.6 49.2 48.6 49.5 50.4 57.4 64.7 70.7
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 63.1 76.3 58.1 49.8 43.7 39.9 38.4 37.4 34.1 31.1 29.1 28.1
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.7 6.7 7.4 8.4 8.9 9.3 10.2 12.1 16.4 26.3 35.6 42.6

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 2.0 2.5 2.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.1 -0.1
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 20.4 25.5 21.1 14.7 13.4 12.7 12.1 10.8 7.9 4.1 0.8 -0.6
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 34 28 34 49 54 56 59 66 91 — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 22.6 14.4 8.6 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.6 9.4 11.1 11.5
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 155 112 66 55 47 40 33 29 23 15 9 6
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 237 167 91 75 64 53 45 39 32 21 12 7
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 467 325 205 186 176 163 151 141 126 101 75 53
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 42.3 52.7 63.1 65.7 67.1 68.7 70.2 71.4 73.5 77.1 80.8 83.8
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 41.5 51.5 61.5 63.9 65.5 67.0 68.3 69.5 71.5 75.3 79.4 82.7
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 43.3 54.0 64.8 67.5 68.9 70.5 72.2 73.4 75.5 79.0 82.2 85.0
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 43.2 49.8 55.3 56.6 57.4 58.2 59.0 59.8 61.3 64.0 67.0 69.6
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.8 11.8 13.4 14.1 14.6 15.1 15.4 15.9 16.9 18.8 20.7 22.4
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 43.1 39.8 29.7 22.3 20.8 20.0 19.2 18.0 15.6 13.5 11.8 10.9
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.01 5.94 3.64 2.69 2.52 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.22 2.09 1.98 1.92
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 107 108 109 109 109 108 108 107 106 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.90 2.23 1.54 1.15 1.09 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.91
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.6 29.5 27.7 27.4 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.4 27.5 28.3 29.1 30.1
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 344 051 443 157 515 818 460 416 459 030 469 125 480 530 474 831 449 534 437 548 403 166 368 409
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 180 737 159 647 149 654 157 781 163 066 169 886 178 720 190 050 220 925 304 639 377 242 388 493
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 163 314 283 510 366 164 302 635 295 964 299 239 301 810 284 781 228 609 132 909 25 924 - 20 084
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 216 - 2 700 - 3 407 - 9 383 - 11 477 - 8 055 - 6 941 - 7 628 - 7 205 - 7 444 - 5 583 - 3 722
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
8 Less developed regions, excluding China
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 1 158 315 1 847 527 2 984 213 3 638 685 3 975 101 4 324 652 4 690 815 5 057 356 5 769 515 7 060 907 8 243 404 8 910 082
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 16 26 42 51 56 60 66 71 81 99 115 124
Median age (years)................................................... 20.4 18.6 20.2 22.0 23.0 24.1 25.2 26.3 28.5 32.6 36.7 40.1
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 74.6 85.5 75.9 67.7 63.6 60.3 58.0 56.6 54.7 55.6 59.6 64.1
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 68.4 79.0 69.1 60.2 55.8 52.2 49.5 47.2 42.7 37.2 33.1 30.4
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.2 6.5 6.9 7.5 7.8 8.0 8.5 9.4 12.0 18.4 26.5 33.7

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 464 348 254 235 228 209 190 177 157 124 92 68
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 40.7 49.9 58.7 61.7 63.2 65.1 67.0 68.4 70.7 74.6 78.4 81.4
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 40.0 48.9 57.1 60.0 61.5 63.4 65.1 66.4 68.6 72.5 76.6 80.0
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 41.5 50.8 60.4 63.5 65.0 67.0 69.1 70.5 72.9 76.8 80.2 82.9
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 43.4 48.8 53.1 54.4 55.0 56.1 57.2 58.0 59.5 62.1 65.0 67.5
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 10.5 11.8 13.0 13.9 14.2 14.6 15.1 15.5 16.3 17.8 19.4 20.9
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 44.3 41.2 33.9 28.7 26.9 25.5 24.2 22.7 20.1 16.9 14.2 12.4
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.06 5.96 4.46 3.63 3.34 3.13 2.98 2.85 2.63 2.37 2.16 2.01
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 106 107 106 106 106 106 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.83 2.12 1.80 1.50 1.41 1.34 1.30 1.25 1.18 1.09 1.02 0.96
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.5 29.4 28.5 28.1 28.0 27.9 27.9 27.7 27.7 28.1 28.8 29.7
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 270 815 358 427 478 875 499 219 512 757 529 099 544 818 553 851 562 922 584 527 579 513 550 559
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 143 197 140 819 149 032 157 224 162 612 165 170 168 586 176 880 201 187 274 484 377 848 451 128
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 127 618 217 609 329 843 341 995 350 145 363 929 376 231 376 971 361 734 310 043 201 665 99 431
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 721 - 3 878 - 7 007 - 13 132 - 13 729 - 14 378 - 10 068 - 10 431 - 10 040 - 10 226 - 7 670 - 5 113
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
High-income countries
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 800 383 1 019 422 1 202 698 1 280 673 1 319 249 1 365 643 1 401 479 1 431 215 1 474 557 1 512 496 1 513 595 1 512 091
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 15 19 22 23 24 25 25 26 27 27 27 27
Median age (years)................................................... 28.0 29.3 33.0 36.0 37.3 38.4 39.7 40.7 42.9 44.7 45.8 46.9
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 55.6 58.1 50.3 48.8 47.8 47.8 50.5 54.1 61.5 71.2 75.3 80.5
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 44.0 43.3 32.7 29.1 27.0 25.9 26.0 26.5 26.5 27.0 27.1 27.4
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 11.5 14.8 17.6 19.7 20.8 21.9 24.5 27.7 35.0 44.2 48.2 53.1

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 12.5 9.2 5.9 3.2 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.2 0.9 -1.0 -1.4 -1.0
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 54 70 93 119 117 101 134 — — — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 10.7 9.5 9.1 9.3 9.2 9.0 9.0 9.2 9.8 11.5 11.6 10.9
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 62 32 15 10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 82 40 18 12 10 9 7 6 5 4 3 2
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 209 170 137 132 128 118 104 96 82 60 40 25
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 64.0 69.3 73.8 75.2 76.2 77.5 78.8 79.6 81.2 84.0 87.0 89.7
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 61.4 65.9 70.2 71.6 72.6 74.2 75.7 76.7 78.5 81.7 85.1 88.0
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 66.5 72.6 77.4 78.9 79.7 80.9 81.9 82.6 84.0 86.3 89.0 91.6
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 55.3 57.5 60.4 61.3 62.1 63.3 64.5 65.3 66.8 69.4 72.3 75.0
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 13.4 14.3 16.2 17.0 17.7 18.6 19.3 19.8 20.7 22.4 24.5 26.4
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 23.2 18.7 14.9 12.5 12.1 12.2 11.8 11.5 10.7 10.5 10.2 10.0
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 2.97 2.60 1.91 1.71 1.69 1.76 1.75 1.76 1.79 1.82 1.85 1.87
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 105 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.30 1.20 0.91 0.81 0.80 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.91
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 28.4 27.5 27.2 27.9 28.4 28.8 29.3 30.2 30.7 30.9 31.0 31.1
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 95 942 92 812 88 190 78 819 78 349 81 832 81 416 81 221 78 074 78 872 77 253 75 369
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 44 217 47 067 53 518 58 505 60 066 60 236 62 032 65 377 71 741 86 558 87 799 82 662
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 51 725 45 745 34 672 20 314 18 283 21 597 19 385 15 844 6 332 - 7 686 - 10 545 - 7 293
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 1 794 3 695 9 556 16 552 20 293 24 797 16 452 13 892 12 777 12 998 9 748 6 499
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 0.4 0.7 1.6 2.6 3.1 3.7 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.9

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
10 Middle-income countries
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 1 593 830 2 463 090 3 781 822 4 417 643 4 709 628 5 002 954 5 306 283 5 597 099 6 098 849 6 822 476 7 194 012 7 224 894
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 26 41 62 73 78 82 87 92 101 112 119 119
Median age (years)................................................... 21.9 19.1 22.2 24.8 26.1 27.5 28.9 30.4 33.2 37.1 40.6 43.1
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 69.1 82.2 66.6 59.1 53.6 50.3 49.6 50.3 50.8 57.0 63.9 69.4
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 62.1 75.3 59.0 50.7 44.7 41.0 39.5 38.4 35.0 31.9 29.8 28.6
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.9 6.9 7.6 8.5 8.9 9.3 10.1 11.9 15.8 25.1 34.1 40.8

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 458 321 209 192 182 169 156 147 131 106 79 57
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 42.4 52.5 62.4 64.9 66.4 68.0 69.5 70.7 72.8 76.5 80.2 83.2
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 41.4 51.3 60.9 63.2 64.8 66.3 67.7 68.9 70.9 74.7 78.7 82.0
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 43.4 53.8 64.1 66.8 68.2 69.9 71.5 72.7 74.8 78.4 81.6 84.4
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 43.6 49.9 55.1 56.3 57.0 57.8 58.6 59.4 60.8 63.6 66.4 69.0
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.9 11.8 13.3 13.9 14.4 14.8 15.2 15.7 16.6 18.5 20.4 22.0
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 42.8 39.7 30.1 22.8 21.3 20.5 19.7 18.5 16.1 14.0 12.2 11.2
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 5.92 5.88 3.72 2.75 2.59 2.48 2.42 2.36 2.26 2.13 2.01 1.94
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 107 108 109 109 109 108 107 106 106 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.87 2.20 1.57 1.17 1.11 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.02 0.98 0.95 0.93
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.5 29.4 27.7 27.4 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.5 28.2 29.0 30.0
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 359 433 460 106 541 457 486 207 486 580 496 833 508 097 503 465 479 770 471 006 439 264 404 760
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 190 478 169 306 162 261 170 365 175 068 181 367 189 473 200 752 231 375 315 562 392 499 408 942
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 168 955 290 800 379 196 315 842 311 512 315 465 318 625 302 713 248 395 155 445 46 765 - 4 181
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 786 - 3 306 - 6 483 - 15 037 - 19 527 - 22 139 - 15 296 - 11 897 - 10 634 - 10 844 - 8 133 - 5 422
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.7 -0.9 -0.9 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Upper-middle-income countries
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 824 937 1 275 035 1 880 875 2 112 612 2 204 280 2 294 244 2 390 125 2 468 631 2 566 850 2 621 635 2 480 151 2 308 174
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 20 31 46 52 54 56 58 60 63 64 61 56
Median age (years)................................................... 22.6 19.1 23.7 27.8 30.1 31.9 33.5 35.2 39.7 44.1 46.7 47.3
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 67.0 81.7 58.2 51.1 44.0 40.7 41.6 44.6 48.4 64.5 76.1 80.7
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 59.7 74.7 50.2 41.6 34.0 30.0 29.5 29.4 26.7 26.5 27.0 27.3
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 7.3 7.0 8.0 9.4 10.0 10.7 12.2 15.2 21.7 37.9 49.1 53.4

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 2.1 2.6 1.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.3
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 21.2 26.5 19.3 10.2 9.0 8.4 8.1 6.8 3.5 0.0 -2.7 -2.5
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 33 27 37 72 82 87 85 108 — — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 21.3 12.7 7.1 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.9 7.1 8.0 10.8 12.9 12.4
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 135 97 46 36 29 23 19 16 13 9 6 4
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 208 143 59 46 37 29 24 21 17 12 7 5
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 440 293 166 151 138 127 115 108 94 69 49 35
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 44.9 55.8 67.4 69.6 71.3 72.7 73.8 74.9 76.8 80.7 84.4 87.2
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 43.5 53.8 65.3 67.4 69.3 70.6 71.8 72.8 74.9 79.3 83.5 86.2
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 46.5 57.9 69.7 72.0 73.5 74.9 76.0 77.0 78.8 82.1 85.4 88.2
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 44.3 51.2 57.2 58.3 59.4 60.2 61.0 61.8 63.4 66.8 70.2 72.8
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.4 12.0 13.8 14.5 15.1 15.6 16.0 16.6 17.8 20.2 22.7 24.7
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 42.5 39.1 26.4 16.8 15.5 15.1 15.0 13.9 11.5 10.8 10.2 9.9
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.01 5.98 3.03 1.93 1.84 1.82 1.85 1.86 1.83 1.89 1.90 1.89
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 107 109 110 111 110 110 108 107 106 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 2.02 2.37 1.36 0.87 0.84 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.90
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.6 29.6 27.0 26.7 26.7 26.8 26.9 27.1 27.6 28.9 29.7 30.0
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 184 883 234 075 236 639 173 577 166 739 169 445 175 661 169 062 146 936 141 049 126 872 114 801
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 92 645 75 724 63 557 68 388 70 044 74 585 80 487 86 713 101 980 141 016 160 818 143 423
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 92 238 158 351 173 082 105 189 96 694 94 860 95 174 82 349 44 956 33 - 33 945 - 28 622
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 595 - 1 840 - 2 923 - 5 480 - 5 026 - 4 897 707 - 3 842 - 3 582 - 2 755 - 2 066 - 1 378
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
12 Lower-middle-income countries
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 768 893 1 188 054 1 900 946 2 305 031 2 505 348 2 708 711 2 916 158 3 128 467 3 531 999 4 200 842 4 713 862 4 916 720
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 39 60 96 117 127 137 148 159 179 213 239 250
Median age (years)................................................... 21.1 19.2 20.4 22.0 23.0 24.2 25.3 26.5 28.8 33.4 37.9 41.3
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 71.3 82.7 75.7 67.4 63.2 59.5 56.9 55.1 52.6 52.7 58.1 64.6
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 64.8 75.9 68.6 59.8 55.4 51.6 48.7 46.1 41.2 35.0 31.1 29.2
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.5 6.7 7.1 7.5 7.8 7.9 8.2 9.1 11.4 17.7 27.0 35.4

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 476 350 254 235 227 213 197 184 164 130 94 66
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 39.8 49.2 58.3 61.4 62.9 64.6 66.3 67.6 69.8 73.5 77.7 81.2
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 39.4 48.7 57.2 60.0 61.4 63.1 64.6 65.8 67.9 71.5 76.0 80.0
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 40.3 49.8 59.5 62.9 64.4 66.2 68.1 69.5 71.8 75.6 79.4 82.5
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 42.9 48.6 52.9 54.1 54.6 55.4 56.3 57.0 58.4 60.9 64.1 67.1
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 10.5 11.7 12.6 13.3 13.6 13.9 14.3 14.6 15.2 16.6 18.5 20.5
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 43.3 40.3 33.9 28.4 26.6 25.1 23.6 22.1 19.4 16.0 13.4 11.8
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 5.82 5.79 4.49 3.61 3.31 3.08 2.90 2.75 2.52 2.24 2.06 1.96
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 106 107 108 108 108 108 107 106 106 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.71 2.02 1.80 1.49 1.39 1.32 1.26 1.21 1.13 1.04 0.97 0.93
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.4 29.2 28.2 27.9 27.8 27.7 27.6 27.5 27.5 27.9 28.7 29.9
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 174 550 226 031 304 818 312 630 319 841 327 387 332 436 334 404 332 834 329 957 312 392 289 959
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 97 833 93 582 98 704 101 977 105 023 106 782 108 986 114 040 129 395 174 545 231 682 265 518
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 76 717 132 449 206 114 210 653 214 818 220 605 223 450 220 364 203 439 155 412 80 710 24 441
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 191 - 1 466 - 3 560 - 9 557 - 14 501 - 17 242 - 16 002 - 8 055 - 7 052 - 8 088 - 6 067 - 4 044
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.9 -1.2 -1.3 -1.1 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Low-income countries
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 130 103 198 589 323 227 425 993 488 164 558 333 638 735 726 696 923 887 1 386 201 1 989 731 2 471 875
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 9 14 23 30 35 40 46 52 66 99 142 177
Median age (years)................................................... 18.9 18.0 17.5 17.5 17.7 18.0 18.5 19.1 20.7 24.6 30.0 35.2
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 82.3 88.1 91.9 91.7 90.4 88.6 84.8 80.5 72.3 60.8 55.8 57.0
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 76.7 82.7 86.0 85.6 84.3 82.3 78.5 74.3 65.8 52.0 40.7 33.9
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 5.6 5.4 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.6 8.8 15.1 23.1

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 1.7 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.2 0.7
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 18.2 24.9 28.4 27.6 27.6 27.8 27.3 26.4 23.9 18.6 12.2 6.8
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 42 29 27 26 26 26 26 27 30 38 58 104
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 28.6 22.2 16.7 15.0 13.2 11.0 9.3 8.3 6.9 5.8 6.5 8.0
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 195 151 116 99 84 70 60 52 41 26 17 12
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 319 252 194 161 135 109 91 79 61 36 22 15
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 530 442 357 381 370 318 271 241 204 150 113 85
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 35.0 41.8 48.9 50.7 53.1 56.9 60.3 62.5 65.9 71.1 75.4 78.5
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 33.5 40.4 47.4 49.2 51.8 55.6 58.7 60.9 64.1 69.1 73.3 76.7
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 36.4 43.2 50.4 52.1 54.3 58.3 61.9 64.2 67.7 73.2 77.4 80.4
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 39.9 44.0 48.0 47.3 48.0 50.4 52.6 54.0 56.0 59.3 62.3 65.0
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.5 10.6 11.8 12.2 12.6 13.1 13.5 13.8 14.4 15.7 17.4 19.0
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 46.8 47.1 45.2 42.6 40.8 38.9 36.6 34.6 30.8 24.4 18.7 14.8
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.39 6.56 6.44 6.00 5.67 5.31 4.89 4.52 3.88 3.07 2.48 2.14
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.71 2.03 2.25 2.19 2.16 2.13 2.04 1.93 1.72 1.41 1.17 1.02
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.4 29.3 29.1 29.0 28.7 28.5 28.5 28.7 29.1
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 31 798 44 024 68 447 85 054 93 252 101 641 109 447 118 194 134 514 161 959 180 173 179 754
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 19 431 20 744 25 348 29 879 30 213 28 799 27 880 28 222 30 275 38 538 62 770 97 416
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 12 367 23 280 43 099 55 175 63 039 72 842 81 567 89 972 104 239 123 421 117 403 82 337
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 1 003 - 375 - 3 106 - 1 554 - 867 - 2 673 - 1 166 - 2 011 - 2 165 - 2 176 - 1 632 - 1 088
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -1.5 -0.4 -2.1 -0.8 -0.4 -1.0 -0.4 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
14 Sub-Saharan Africa
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 179 680 282 743 491 498 642 172 733 322 840 390 962 287 1 095 658 1 396 853 2 123 232 3 106 395 3 934 829
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 8 13 22 29 34 38 44 50 64 97 142 180
Median age (years)................................................... 19.1 17.9 17.2 17.6 17.8 18.0 18.3 18.7 20.1 23.7 29.0 34.2
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 81.8 88.7 93.8 90.2 89.0 87.9 85.6 82.3 74.1 62.4 55.4 55.6
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 76.0 83.2 88.1 84.5 83.2 82.1 79.8 76.5 68.1 54.4 42.1 34.7
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 5.8 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.8 6.0 8.0 13.3 20.9

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 508 434 361 405 422 374 324 300 258 184 131 96
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 36.2 42.6 49.2 49.3 50.3 53.8 57.2 59.2 62.6 68.6 73.7 77.4
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 34.9 41.2 47.6 48.1 49.4 52.9 55.9 57.9 61.1 66.7 71.7 75.4
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 37.5 44.0 50.8 50.5 51.3 54.8 58.4 60.6 64.2 70.4 75.7 79.4
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 40.9 44.3 47.8 46.1 45.6 47.8 50.1 51.3 53.3 57.2 60.8 63.8
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.4 10.5 11.6 11.8 12.0 12.4 12.9 13.1 13.7 14.9 16.5 18.2
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 47.6 47.0 45.0 42.2 41.2 39.7 37.9 35.8 32.0 25.6 19.5 15.3
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.56 6.66 6.51 5.91 5.68 5.40 5.10 4.75 4.13 3.23 2.56 2.18
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.81 2.11 2.30 2.12 2.10 2.09 2.06 1.97 1.78 1.46 1.20 1.04
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.6 29.7 29.7 29.5 29.4 29.3 29.2 29.0 28.9 28.8 28.9 29.3
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 45 004 62 454 103 401 127 262 141 580 156 118 170 784 184 123 211 116 259 547 293 367 296 359
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 26 242 28 800 37 608 46 953 50 308 49 018 47 968 49 126 52 833 65 013 99 576 152 218
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 18 762 33 653 65 793 80 309 91 272 107 100 122 816 134 997 158 283 194 535 193 791 144 141
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 208 - 108 - 1 345 - 1 115 - 122 - 31 - 919 - 1 626 - 1 751 - 1 799 - 1 349 - 900
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.2 -0.1 -0.6 -0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Africa
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 228 902 365 626 631 614 814 063 920 239 1 044 107 1 186 178 1 340 103 1 679 301 2 477 536 3 524 628 4 386 591
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 8 12 21 27 31 35 40 45 57 84 119 148
Median age (years)................................................... 19.3 17.9 17.6 18.3 18.8 19.1 19.4 19.8 21.2 24.8 29.8 34.9
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 80.4 89.8 91.6 85.3 82.6 81.2 80.1 77.9 70.8 61.5 55.6 56.5
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 74.6 83.9 85.4 79.1 76.4 74.9 73.8 71.5 63.7 52.0 40.9 34.1
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.5 7.0 9.5 14.7 22.4

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 2.1 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.2 0.7
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 21.2 26.0 28.2 25.1 24.9 25.6 26.0 24.7 22.3 17.9 11.9 6.9
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 34 28 25 29 29 28 28 29 32 40 59 102
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 26.9 20.5 14.7 13.8 13.0 11.3 9.8 8.9 7.7 6.5 6.9 8.1
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 187 144 104 93 81 69 59 52 42 27 17 11
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 310 238 171 152 131 108 90 80 63 39 22 15
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 473 403 329 359 371 328 285 265 231 170 123 90
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 37.4 44.3 51.8 52.3 53.3 56.5 59.5 61.4 64.5 69.9 74.6 78.1
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 36.2 43.0 50.2 50.9 52.2 55.3 58.2 59.9 62.9 68.1 72.7 76.2
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 38.5 45.7 53.4 53.6 54.4 57.6 60.9 62.8 66.1 71.8 76.6 79.9
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 42.4 45.8 49.4 48.3 48.1 50.0 52.0 53.0 54.9 58.4 61.7 64.5
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.8 10.9 12.1 12.4 12.6 13.0 13.4 13.7 14.3 15.6 17.2 18.7
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 48.1 46.4 42.9 38.8 37.9 36.9 35.8 33.6 30.0 24.4 18.8 15.0
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.60 6.67 6.20 5.35 5.10 4.89 4.71 4.41 3.89 3.11 2.51 2.16
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.85 2.17 2.27 1.99 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.86 1.69 1.42 1.18 1.03
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.5 29.6 29.8 29.4 29.3 29.2 29.1 28.9 28.8 28.8 28.9 29.3
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 58 079 79 754 126 818 148 913 164 089 181 037 199 625 212 425 238 480 289 190 321 829 322 577
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 32 436 35 149 43 384 52 732 56 333 55 355 54 654 56 192 61 054 77 123 117 380 174 131
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 25 643 44 605 83 433 96 181 107 756 125 681 144 971 156 233 177 425 212 067 204 449 148 446
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 581 - 979 - 1 847 - 2 534 - 1 581 - 1 813 - 2 900 - 2 308 - 2 338 - 2 386 - 1 790 - 1 193
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.7 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
16 Eastern Africa
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 66 923 110 428 198 232 259 373 297 636 342 743 394 477 451 393 578 804 878 236 1 266 853 1 576 955
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 10 17 30 39 45 51 59 68 87 132 190 237
Median age (years)................................................... 18.4 17.2 16.6 16.9 17.1 17.5 18.0 18.7 20.4 24.6 30.2 35.5
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 85.2 94.0 98.3 95.1 93.3 91.1 87.1 82.3 72.5 60.4 56.0 58.0
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 79.6 88.5 92.5 89.3 87.5 85.3 81.3 76.4 66.4 51.8 40.4 33.9
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.1 8.7 15.6 24.1

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 488 412 378 453 451 367 295 253 211 148 109 83
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 37.0 44.1 48.8 49.0 51.2 56.3 60.5 63.4 66.8 72.1 76.2 79.1
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 35.7 42.6 47.1 47.7 50.2 55.0 58.9 61.6 64.9 69.9 74.0 77.1
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 38.4 45.6 50.6 50.3 52.2 57.5 62.2 65.1 68.8 74.4 78.4 81.2
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 42.0 45.6 47.3 44.6 45.0 48.9 52.1 54.1 56.2 60.0 63.1 65.6
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 10.1 11.2 12.1 12.7 13.2 13.7 14.2 14.5 15.0 16.4 18.1 19.6
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 49.5 48.6 46.7 43.2 41.5 39.6 37.3 35.0 30.9 24.3 18.5 14.8
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 7.01 7.09 6.82 6.08 5.76 5.38 4.94 4.52 3.85 3.02 2.46 2.15
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.96 2.30 2.40 2.21 2.18 2.17 2.08 1.96 1.73 1.40 1.16 1.03
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 30.0 30.0 29.9 29.5 29.5 29.3 29.1 28.9 28.7 28.5 28.5 28.9
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 17 533 25 084 43 029 52 302 57 776 63 400 68 659 74 015 84 243 101 891 113 675 114 416
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 9 579 10 633 15 309 18 615 18 996 17 437 16 378 16 192 17 396 22 500 38 652 61 756
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 7 953 14 451 27 720 33 687 38 780 45 963 52 281 57 823 66 847 79 391 75 023 52 660
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 142 - 127 - 227 376 - 516 - 857 - 546 - 907 - 864 - 864 - 648 - 432
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Middle Africa
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 26 401 40 846 70 886 96 113 111 913 130 598 151 952 175 950 231 643 369 090 560 204 721 296
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 4 6 11 15 17 20 23 27 36 57 86 111
Median age (years)................................................... 19.4 18.3 17.0 16.7 16.8 16.9 17.1 17.6 18.9 22.5 28.2 34.1
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 81.8 87.6 96.5 97.4 96.9 95.7 93.6 89.9 80.8 65.1 55.2 54.7
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 74.9 81.6 90.4 91.4 91.1 90.0 87.9 84.3 75.2 58.1 43.2 34.4
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.9 6.0 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 7.0 12.0 20.2

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 1.9 2.5 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.1 1.4 0.8
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 18.9 24.5 30.0 29.6 30.3 30.7 30.2 29.2 26.9 21.0 13.9 7.8
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 37 28 24 26 23 23 23 24 26 33 50 89
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 27.6 22.4 17.7 17.0 15.5 13.5 11.9 10.7 8.7 6.4 6.2 7.5
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 183 150 118 112 101 89 79 72 58 37 22 15
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 305 252 196 186 165 144 126 113 88 52 29 19
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 490 431 368 380 373 344 316 295 256 188 132 95
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 36.7 41.9 48.1 48.5 50.4 53.1 55.6 57.6 61.3 67.7 73.1 77.2
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 35.1 40.5 46.5 47.1 49.1 51.8 54.3 56.1 59.7 65.7 70.9 75.1
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 38.2 43.3 49.6 49.9 51.6 54.3 57.0 59.0 62.9 69.7 75.4 79.2
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 41.9 44.7 47.7 47.3 47.7 49.2 50.6 51.6 53.6 57.2 60.7 63.9
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 10.1 11.0 12.0 12.2 12.5 12.8 13.2 13.4 14.0 15.0 16.5 18.3
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 46.5 46.9 47.7 46.6 45.8 44.2 42.1 39.9 35.5 27.4 20.2 15.3
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.05 6.31 6.87 6.73 6.54 6.24 5.82 5.38 4.59 3.38 2.57 2.14
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.70 1.98 2.39 2.36 2.38 2.37 2.29 2.18 1.94 1.53 1.21 1.02
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 28.7 28.7 29.3 29.3 29.2 29.2 28.9 28.7 28.5 28.4 28.6 29.0
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 6 438 9 023 15 735 20 973 23 804 26 788 29 717 32 682 38 569 48 100 54 569 54 224
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 3 820 4 312 5 848 7 659 8 035 8 203 8 380 8 733 9 423 11 238 16 887 26 656
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 2 618 4 711 9 887 13 314 15 769 18 585 21 338 23 949 29 146 36 863 37 682 27 568
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ -6 28 - 164 - 1 076 31 101 16 50 - 36 - 68 - 51 - 34
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 0.0 0.1 -0.5 -2.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
18 Northern Africa
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 49 222 82 883 140 117 171 891 186 917 203 717 223 892 244 445 282 448 354 304 418 232 451 763
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 6 11 18 22 24 26 29 31 36 46 54 58
Median age (years)................................................... 19.9 17.7 19.1 21.3 22.8 24.2 25.2 26.1 27.7 32.2 37.0 41.6
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 75.6 93.4 84.0 69.2 61.4 58.0 59.7 60.8 56.1 56.8 57.1 64.6
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 69.8 86.1 76.6 61.3 53.5 50.1 51.3 51.5 44.5 38.3 31.8 28.9
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 5.8 7.3 7.4 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.4 9.3 11.6 18.6 25.3 35.7

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 333 282 208 187 177 163 147 138 123 97 68 44
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 42.3 51.2 62.9 66.2 67.6 69.0 70.5 71.6 73.4 76.8 80.2 83.3
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 41.4 49.8 61.0 64.2 65.5 67.0 68.6 69.6 71.4 74.9 78.8 82.3
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 43.2 52.5 64.8 68.3 69.7 71.1 72.4 73.6 75.5 78.8 81.7 84.3
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 48.9 51.5 55.4 56.6 57.3 58.1 58.9 59.6 60.9 63.4 66.3 69.1
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 11.4 12.3 13.4 13.9 14.3 14.7 14.9 15.3 16.1 17.7 19.6 21.4
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 49.8 44.5 35.6 26.3 25.1 25.5 27.0 24.2 20.0 17.1 13.8 11.7
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.74 6.73 5.10 3.47 3.13 3.09 3.27 3.05 2.75 2.34 2.07 1.93
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 106 106 106 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 2.00 2.38 2.18 1.54 1.39 1.39 1.49 1.40 1.27 1.11 0.99 0.93
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.1 29.2 30.0 29.6 29.3 29.4 29.1 29.0 28.9 28.8 29.0 29.6
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 13 075 17 301 23 417 21 651 22 509 24 919 28 841 28 302 27 364 29 642 28 462 26 218
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 6 194 6 349 5 777 5 779 6 024 6 338 6 686 7 066 8 221 12 111 17 804 21 912
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 6 881 10 952 17 640 15 872 16 485 18 581 22 155 21 236 19 143 17 532 10 658 4 306
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 374 - 870 - 502 - 1 419 - 1 458 - 1 782 - 1 980 - 683 - 587 - 587 - 440 - 293
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -1.4 -2.2 -0.8 -1.7 -1.6 -1.8 -1.9 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Southern Africa
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 15 588 25 454 42 049 51 451 55 274 59 067 62 634 65 484 70 116 78 029 82 352 80 737
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 6 10 16 19 21 22 24 25 26 29 31 30
Median age (years)................................................... 20.8 18.6 19.8 22.1 22.9 23.9 25.2 26.4 28.6 33.2 38.6 42.2
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 73.8 84.8 75.0 65.4 60.8 57.6 53.6 52.6 49.3 46.6 53.2 61.5
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 67.5 78.4 69.4 58.9 53.6 49.9 46.1 44.6 39.3 32.3 28.2 27.1
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.3 6.4 5.6 6.5 7.2 7.7 7.5 8.0 10.0 14.3 24.9 34.4

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.1 -0.2
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 23.4 24.0 23.4 16.0 10.7 8.6 9.8 8.3 6.2 4.4 0.5 -1.7
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 31 28 31 42 49 53 59 78 108 — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 20.4 14.9 8.7 9.9 13.9 14.3 12.2 12.4 11.7 10.5 11.7 12.7
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 117 89 55 56 59 53 40 35 28 19 13 10
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 176 127 73 73 80 73 52 44 34 23 15 12
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 534 434 299 372 529 526 434 445 403 260 171 112
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 44.7 51.6 60.8 58.6 52.2 52.3 57.1 57.7 61.0 68.2 73.6 77.7
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 43.6 49.3 57.4 56.0 50.7 51.0 55.0 55.8 59.3 66.2 71.3 75.3
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 45.9 54.1 64.4 61.2 53.6 53.5 59.0 59.2 62.3 70.2 75.8 80.0
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 40.9 45.3 51.3 48.7 42.3 42.5 46.6 46.5 48.6 55.0 59.8 63.7
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.5 10.5 12.1 12.6 12.5 12.5 13.2 13.6 14.3 15.5 17.2 18.8
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 43.8 38.9 32.1 25.9 24.6 22.9 22.0 20.7 17.9 14.9 12.2 11.0
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.28 5.77 4.16 3.09 2.90 2.65 2.51 2.38 2.17 1.92 1.82 1.81
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 2.14 2.25 1.84 1.34 1.19 1.09 1.09 1.04 0.98 0.90 0.86 0.87
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 31.0 31.0 29.2 28.5 28.3 28.2 28.1 27.9 27.9 28.1 28.9 30.3
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 3 622 4 656 6 381 6 387 6 568 6 548 6 690 6 622 6 183 5 728 5 025 4 469
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 1 689 1 781 1 723 2 443 3 708 4 096 3 716 3 954 4 048 4 043 4 805 5 157
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 1 933 2 875 4 659 3 944 2 860 2 451 2 974 2 667 2 135 1 684 221 - 688
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 35 162 - 98 133 963 1 341 593 183 85 85 64 43
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.4 1.4 -0.5 0.5 3.6 4.7 2.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
20 Western Africa
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 70 769 106 015 180 331 235 235 268 498 307 982 353 224 402 831 516 290 797 877 1 196 986 1 555 840
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 12 17 30 39 44 51 58 66 85 132 197 257
Median age (years)................................................... 19.2 18.4 17.3 17.8 17.9 17.9 18.0 18.3 19.4 22.6 27.5 32.7
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 80.5 84.9 92.9 88.4 87.9 88.0 87.4 84.8 76.9 65.0 55.0 53.4
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 74.9 79.8 87.2 82.9 82.6 82.7 82.2 79.6 71.5 58.1 44.4 35.9
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 5.6 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.4 6.9 10.6 17.5

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 526 454 356 369 377 349 328 312 277 211 150 108
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 33.7 39.7 47.9 48.5 49.6 52.6 55.0 56.6 59.8 65.5 71.0 75.5
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 32.7 38.6 46.8 47.8 49.0 52.1 54.4 55.9 59.0 64.3 69.6 73.8
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 34.8 40.7 49.0 49.3 50.2 53.2 55.6 57.3 60.7 66.7 72.6 77.2
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 39.5 42.8 47.5 46.9 46.5 47.8 48.8 49.5 51.2 54.6 58.2 61.7
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 8.6 9.6 10.9 10.7 10.6 11.0 11.3 11.4 11.9 12.9 14.3 16.4
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 47.1 47.2 45.3 43.1 42.4 41.2 39.8 37.5 33.8 27.3 20.8 16.2
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.39 6.60 6.67 6.14 5.95 5.74 5.54 5.21 4.57 3.53 2.71 2.25
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.64 1.94 2.28 2.13 2.11 2.14 2.14 2.06 1.89 1.56 1.26 1.07
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.2 29.5 29.7 29.7 29.6 29.6 29.6 29.5 29.4 29.4 29.5 29.8
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 17 411 23 691 38 255 47 600 53 432 59 382 65 718 70 805 82 121 103 828 120 097 123 250
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 11 154 12 074 14 728 18 236 19 569 19 282 19 495 20 247 21 966 27 232 39 232 58 650
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 6 257 11 617 23 528 29 364 33 863 40 101 46 223 50 558 60 155 76 597 80 865 64 600
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 25 - 171 - 855 - 548 - 600 - 616 - 982 - 951 - 936 - 953 - 715 - 477
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Asia
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 1 394 018 2 120 430 3 202 475 3 714 470 3 944 670 4 169 860 4 393 296 4 598 426 4 922 830 5 266 848 5 194 087 4 888 653
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 45 68 103 120 127 134 142 148 159 170 167 158
Median age (years)................................................... 22.0 19.4 22.9 25.9 27.4 28.8 30.3 32.1 35.4 39.9 44.0 46.5
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 68.4 79.9 63.2 56.7 51.0 47.6 47.0 47.9 48.9 56.7 66.2 74.4
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 61.5 73.2 55.4 47.7 41.5 37.6 36.0 34.8 31.4 28.2 26.5 26.3
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.8 6.7 7.8 9.0 9.5 10.0 11.1 13.1 17.5 28.4 39.6 48.1

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 1.9 2.5 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.3
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 19.1 24.6 20.2 13.7 12.4 11.7 10.7 9.5 6.4 2.1 -1.5 -2.5
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 37 29 35 52 58 63 67 76 114 — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 22.8 14.4 8.6 7.5 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.7 9.9 12.0 12.3
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 157 114 68 55 46 38 31 27 20 12 7 4
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 238 169 93 73 60 48 39 34 25 15 8 5
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 471 322 194 171 156 146 136 127 111 90 63 41
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 42.1 52.6 63.5 66.6 68.5 70.1 71.6 72.8 74.9 78.3 81.7 85.0
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 41.3 51.5 62.0 64.9 66.9 68.4 69.7 70.9 72.9 76.4 80.4 84.1
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 43.0 53.8 64.9 68.4 70.2 72.0 73.6 74.8 77.0 80.2 83.2 85.9
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 43.0 49.9 55.9 57.5 58.5 59.2 59.9 60.7 62.1 64.6 67.6 70.5
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.7 11.7 13.5 14.4 15.0 15.4 15.7 16.2 17.1 18.8 20.7 22.7
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 41.8 39.0 28.8 21.2 19.5 18.7 17.8 16.6 14.1 12.0 10.5 9.8
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 5.82 5.73 3.51 2.55 2.39 2.29 2.20 2.15 2.05 1.92 1.84 1.83
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 107 109 110 110 110 109 109 107 107 107
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.83 2.15 1.48 1.10 1.04 1.00 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.88
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.6 29.4 27.4 27.2 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.2 27.3 28.1 29.0 30.3
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 306 252 389 041 439 178 380 436 374 173 378 561 379 985 372 355 342 088 314 966 273 830 241 790
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 166 638 143 786 131 515 134 533 136 061 142 002 150 268 159 979 186 877 258 833 312 208 303 371
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 139 614 245 255 307 663 245 903 238 111 236 559 229 716 212 376 155 212 56 134 - 38 378 - 61 582
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 75 363 - 2 365 - 6 282 - 7 912 - 11 369 - 6 281 - 7 246 - 7 091 - 7 318 - 5 488 - 3 659
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
22 Eastern Asia
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 666 586 978 113 1 368 592 1 496 284 1 536 540 1 575 320 1 612 287 1 639 673 1 650 198 1 566 759 1 350 905 1 176 865
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 58 85 118 129 133 136 139 142 143 136 117 102
Median age (years)................................................... 23.2 20.1 25.6 30.6 33.3 35.9 37.9 39.6 43.7 49.9 51.4 51.0
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 64.9 75.3 50.7 46.2 39.2 36.4 38.6 43.1 49.3 71.7 85.4 89.7
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 57.6 68.3 41.8 35.1 27.2 23.3 23.3 23.8 21.8 23.0 24.4 25.6
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 7.3 7.0 8.9 11.1 12.0 13.1 15.3 19.3 27.5 48.7 61.0 64.1

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 453 285 135 122 103 95 87 80 66 44 27 17
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 45.2 56.7 69.7 71.7 74.0 75.6 76.6 77.6 79.5 83.1 87.0 90.2
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 43.7 54.6 67.8 69.6 72.1 73.6 74.7 75.7 77.8 81.9 86.3 89.4
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 46.8 58.9 71.6 74.0 76.0 77.7 78.6 79.6 81.3 84.2 87.7 91.1
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 43.7 51.4 58.8 60.0 61.4 62.2 62.8 63.6 65.3 68.5 72.3 75.4
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 9.1 11.8 14.3 15.1 15.9 16.4 16.7 17.3 18.4 20.8 23.8 26.4
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 39.5 37.0 23.4 13.1 11.9 11.8 12.0 11.1 8.9 8.7 8.6 8.7
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 5.60 5.56 2.62 1.48 1.48 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.63 1.73 1.79 1.81
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 107 107 109 113 115 116 115 114 112 109 107 107
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.89 2.23 1.16 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.76 0.82 0.86 0.87
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.8 29.6 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.7 26.8 27.3 27.9 30.1 30.7 30.8
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 137 924 170 360 153 554 96 217 89 824 91 830 95 387 90 349 73 598 68 851 58 995 51 890
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 73 381 55 495 43 362 48 228 48 360 51 831 57 440 62 073 73 618 99 510 101 621 77 955
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 64 543 114 865 110 192 47 989 41 465 39 999 37 947 28 276 - 20 - 30 659 - 42 626 - 26 066
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 530 805 - 350 - 443 - 1 209 - 1 218 - 980 - 890 - 890 - 890 - 668 - 445
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
South-Central Asia
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 511 574 774 758 1 239 666 1 507 050 1 639 167 1 765 129 1 890 288 2 012 032 2 226 204 2 512 459 2 586 502 2 456 649
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 50 75 120 146 159 171 183 195 216 243 250 238
Median age (years)................................................... 21.1 19.2 20.4 22.0 23.2 24.5 26.1 27.6 30.6 36.6 42.5 46.2
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 70.9 81.5 75.3 66.8 61.4 57.2 53.7 51.4 48.4 49.5 60.3 71.6
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 64.7 75.4 68.7 59.6 53.8 49.4 45.4 42.1 36.4 29.5 26.3 25.8
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.2 6.2 6.7 7.2 7.6 7.8 8.3 9.3 11.9 20.0 34.0 45.8

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 1.8 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.4 -0.1 -0.3
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 17.5 22.8 23.2 19.4 17.6 16.1 14.5 13.1 9.9 4.7 -0.2 -2.6
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 40 31 31 37 42 47 51 56 75 — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 26.3 17.9 11.3 8.8 8.1 7.6 7.1 7.0 7.1 8.6 11.0 12.4
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 194 147 94 72 61 52 44 37 27 15 9 6
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 286 216 132 98 82 67 55 47 34 19 11 7
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 533 383 264 223 209 195 178 164 142 111 75 49
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 37.5 47.2 57.4 62.1 64.1 65.8 67.8 69.2 71.7 75.5 79.7 83.5
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 37.8 47.4 56.8 61.1 63.0 64.7 66.3 67.7 70.0 73.7 78.4 82.9
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 37.1 46.9 58.1 63.1 65.2 67.1 69.3 70.9 73.4 77.4 81.0 84.2
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 40.6 47.3 52.3 54.7 55.5 56.2 57.3 58.1 59.5 62.2 65.7 69.2
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 10.1 11.3 12.3 13.4 13.7 14.0 14.5 14.8 15.5 17.1 19.3 21.7
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 43.8 40.7 34.5 28.2 25.7 23.7 21.6 20.1 17.0 13.3 10.8 9.8
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.00 5.89 4.54 3.58 3.17 2.84 2.57 2.42 2.18 1.93 1.81 1.80
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 106 109 109 109 109 109 109 108 108 108
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.66 1.97 1.79 1.47 1.34 1.23 1.13 1.08 0.99 0.90 0.86 0.86
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.5 29.3 27.8 27.3 27.2 27.1 26.9 26.7 26.6 27.0 28.1 30.2
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 117 156 149 298 202 224 202 744 201 792 201 588 197 222 195 616 184 725 164 804 139 737 120 988
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 70 393 65 669 66 270 63 342 63 479 64 650 65 191 68 114 77 528 106 473 142 737 153 390
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 46 763 83 629 135 954 139 402 138 313 136 937 132 031 127 502 107 197 58 330 - 3 001 - 32 402
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 252 161 - 1 766 - 4 926 - 6 196 - 10 975 - 6 872 - 5 758 - 5 693 - 5 521 - 4 141 - 2 760
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.7 -0.8 -1.3 -0.8 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
24 Central Asia
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 18 131 33 156 50 405 55 117 58 043 62 139 67 314 71 872 78 827 88 664 91 921 90 000
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 5 8 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 23 23 23
Median age (years)................................................... 23.7 19.2 21.5 22.6 23.9 25.0 26.5 27.9 30.2 34.4 38.5 42.2
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 63.3 90.6 73.7 66.6 57.3 50.8 51.5 54.4 51.3 51.4 53.5 61.2
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 53.3 80.0 65.6 58.0 48.4 43.2 44.1 45.8 38.9 33.6 28.7 27.3
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 10.0 10.6 8.1 8.6 8.9 7.6 7.5 8.6 12.4 17.8 24.7 34.0

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 296 226 182 245 234 222 196 189 175 150 114 78
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 54.6 60.9 66.3 64.3 65.4 66.5 68.4 69.0 70.3 72.7 75.8 79.2
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 50.6 56.6 62.3 60.1 61.2 62.4 64.5 65.1 66.3 68.7 72.2 76.3
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 58.9 65.1 70.1 68.7 69.7 70.7 72.3 73.0 74.3 76.7 79.5 82.1
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 51.5 55.2 57.9 54.6 55.0 55.5 56.8 57.1 57.9 59.6 62.0 65.1
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 12.5 14.2 15.2 13.9 13.8 14.0 14.4 14.5 14.9 15.7 16.9 18.7
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 37.6 31.6 32.8 23.2 21.1 23.3 24.3 21.8 17.0 15.3 12.7 11.2
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 4.91 4.84 3.98 2.84 2.52 2.64 2.70 2.55 2.33 2.08 1.92 1.87
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 105 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.91 2.02 1.76 1.26 1.14 1.20 1.24 1.18 1.08 0.98 0.92 0.89
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 30.4 29.9 27.6 26.8 27.3 27.6 27.6 27.9 28.2 28.9 29.6 30.3
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 3 658 4 911 7 875 6 287 5 981 6 994 7 846 7 598 6 567 6 702 5 824 5 046
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 1 485 1 650 1 971 2 314 2 267 2 374 2 379 2 566 2 956 4 253 5 321 5 546
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 2 173 3 261 5 904 3 972 3 715 4 620 5 467 5 033 3 611 2 449 504 - 499
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 489 799 - 1 237 - 2 033 - 789 - 524 - 292 - 475 - 475 - 475 - 356 - 238
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 5.0 5.1 -5.2 -7.5 -2.8 -1.8 -0.9 -1.4 -1.2 -1.1 -0.8 -0.5

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Southern Asia
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 493 443 741 603 1 189 261 1 451 933 1 581 124 1 702 991 1 822 974 1 940 160 2 147 377 2 423 795 2 494 581 2 366 649
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 77 116 186 227 247 266 285 303 336 379 390 370
Median age (years)................................................... 21.0 19.2 20.3 22.0 23.2 24.5 26.1 27.6 30.6 36.7 42.7 46.4
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 71.2 81.1 75.4 66.8 61.5 57.5 53.7 51.3 48.3 49.4 60.6 72.0
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 65.1 75.2 68.8 59.6 54.0 49.6 45.4 42.0 36.3 29.4 26.3 25.7
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.1 6.0 6.6 7.2 7.5 7.8 8.3 9.3 11.9 20.0 34.3 46.3

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 1.7 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.4 -0.1 -0.3
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 17.3 22.9 23.1 19.6 17.8 16.1 14.4 13.0 9.9 4.7 -0.3 -2.7
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 41 31 30 37 41 47 51 56 74 — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 26.7 18.3 11.4 8.8 8.1 7.6 7.1 7.0 7.1 8.5 11.0 12.4
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 197 149 95 72 61 52 44 37 27 15 9 5
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 290 220 134 99 82 68 56 47 34 19 11 7
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 540 389 267 223 208 194 178 163 141 109 74 47
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 37.0 46.7 57.0 62.0 64.0 65.8 67.7 69.3 71.7 75.6 79.8 83.6
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 37.5 47.1 56.6 61.2 63.1 64.8 66.4 67.8 70.2 73.9 78.6 83.1
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 36.5 46.2 57.6 62.9 65.0 66.9 69.2 70.8 73.4 77.4 81.1 84.2
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 40.2 47.0 52.1 54.7 55.5 56.2 57.3 58.1 59.6 62.3 65.8 69.3
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 10.0 11.1 12.2 13.3 13.7 14.0 14.5 14.8 15.5 17.1 19.4 21.8
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 44.0 41.2 34.6 28.4 25.8 23.7 21.5 20.0 17.0 13.2 10.7 9.7
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.04 5.94 4.57 3.61 3.19 2.85 2.56 2.42 2.18 1.93 1.81 1.80
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 107 109 110 110 110 109 109 108 108 108
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.65 1.97 1.79 1.48 1.34 1.23 1.13 1.07 0.99 0.90 0.86 0.86
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.5 29.2 27.8 27.3 27.2 27.1 26.9 26.6 26.6 26.9 28.0 30.2
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 113 498 144 387 194 349 196 458 195 810 194 593 189 376 188 018 178 158 158 101 133 912 115 941
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 68 908 64 019 64 299 61 028 61 213 62 276 62 812 65 549 74 572 102 220 137 416 147 844
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 44 590 80 368 130 049 135 430 134 598 132 317 126 564 122 469 103 586 55 881 - 3 504 - 31 903
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 237 - 638 - 529 - 2 893 - 5 407 - 10 451 - 6 581 - 5 283 - 5 218 - 5 046 - 3 785 - 2 523
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.7 -1.3 -0.8 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
26 South-Eastern Asia
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 164 900 281 521 445 665 526 179 563 157 596 708 633 490 667 627 724 848 792 139 800 763 769 404
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 38 65 103 121 130 137 146 154 167 182 184 177
Median age (years)................................................... 20.5 18.1 21.3 24.2 25.5 27.4 28.8 30.2 33.1 37.6 41.6 44.2
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 73.8 90.1 68.9 57.9 54.2 50.1 48.1 47.6 48.6 54.1 60.1 67.4
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 67.2 83.2 62.0 50.2 46.3 41.9 39.3 37.4 33.9 30.1 27.6 26.9
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.6 6.9 6.9 7.7 8.0 8.2 8.8 10.2 14.7 24.1 32.5 40.4

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 353 285 210 194 190 181 173 162 144 112 77 47
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 46.5 55.5 64.2 66.9 68.0 69.3 70.3 71.2 72.9 75.9 79.1 82.4
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 44.5 53.5 61.9 64.4 65.4 66.5 67.5 68.4 70.1 73.0 76.7 80.6
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 48.5 57.6 66.5 69.6 70.8 72.2 73.2 74.2 75.9 78.7 81.6 84.2
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 48.0 51.3 55.2 56.3 56.7 57.3 57.9 58.6 59.8 62.2 64.9 67.8
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 11.1 12.2 13.5 14.1 14.4 14.7 14.9 15.3 15.9 17.0 18.5 20.2
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 43.7 40.2 28.5 22.6 21.3 20.3 19.3 17.9 15.5 13.0 11.3 10.5
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 5.92 5.91 3.57 2.69 2.51 2.41 2.35 2.25 2.10 1.94 1.85 1.83
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 105 106 106 106 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 2.01 2.33 1.56 1.22 1.15 1.11 1.09 1.05 0.99 0.92 0.89 0.89
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.7 29.6 29.0 28.8 28.4 28.3 28.3 28.3 28.4 28.9 29.7 30.4
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 38 341 52 993 60 406 57 279 57 975 58 765 59 390 58 115 55 142 51 246 45 445 40 623
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 16 795 16 804 16 441 17 529 18 725 19 650 21 166 22 801 27 317 39 376 47 343 47 439
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 21 546 36 189 43 965 39 751 39 250 39 115 38 224 35 315 27 825 11 869 - 1 898 - 6 816
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 17 - 545 - 11 - 453 - 2 272 - 5 564 - 1 442 - 1 178 - 1 131 - 1 131 - 848 - 565
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 -1.9 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Western Asia
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 50 957 86 037 148 552 184 957 205 806 232 703 257 231 279 094 321 580 395 491 455 917 485 736
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 11 18 31 38 43 48 54 58 67 82 95 101
Median age (years)................................................... 20.8 18.7 20.1 22.2 23.5 25.1 26.3 27.5 29.9 34.4 38.6 41.7
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 73.0 87.4 77.9 68.1 62.2 56.1 54.3 53.4 51.5 55.3 60.7 66.8
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 65.7 79.4 70.5 60.0 54.1 48.4 46.4 44.4 39.6 34.6 31.1 29.3
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 7.3 8.0 7.4 8.1 8.1 7.7 7.9 9.0 12.0 20.6 29.6 37.5

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.2
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 24.8 26.2 25.1 21.3 19.5 18.7 17.6 15.9 13.0 8.6 4.1 1.5
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 27 27 28 34 33 29 35 43 52 80 — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 22.3 14.4 7.8 6.2 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.4 7.0 9.1 10.2
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 192 131 57 37 31 27 24 22 17 11 7 5
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 269 181 75 49 40 34 31 27 21 14 8 6
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 367 265 182 154 139 130 126 116 105 86 66 47
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 43.9 53.9 65.4 69.2 70.8 72.0 72.7 73.8 75.5 78.5 81.4 83.9
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 41.6 51.9 62.7 66.4 68.4 69.4 70.0 71.3 73.1 76.4 79.8 82.6
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 46.3 56.0 68.3 72.1 73.5 74.8 75.6 76.6 78.2 80.7 83.1 85.3
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 47.7 52.6 56.8 58.4 59.3 60.0 60.5 61.3 62.5 64.8 67.2 69.5
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 11.3 12.9 14.3 14.8 15.1 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.3 18.8 20.5 22.0
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 47.1 40.6 32.9 27.5 25.2 24.1 22.9 21.1 18.4 15.5 13.1 11.7
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.32 5.91 4.47 3.59 3.21 3.02 2.91 2.75 2.51 2.24 2.07 1.98
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 106 106 106 105 105 105 105 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 2.05 2.23 1.98 1.65 1.48 1.40 1.35 1.28 1.17 1.05 0.98 0.94
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 28.3 28.3 29.0 28.9 28.9 28.8 29.0 29.0 29.0 28.9 29.0 29.4
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 12 831 16 390 22 995 24 195 24 582 26 379 27 987 28 275 28 624 30 066 29 653 28 290
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 6 069 5 819 5 442 5 435 5 498 5 871 6 472 6 991 8 413 13 473 20 507 24 587
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 6 762 10 571 17 552 18 761 19 084 20 508 21 515 21 284 20 210 16 593 9 146 3 703
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 369 - 58 - 238 - 459 1 766 6 388 3 014 579 623 224 169 112
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 1.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 1.8 5.8 2.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
28 Europe
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 549 089 657 221 721 086 726 407 729 007 735 395 738 442 739 725 733 929 706 793 664 591 645 577
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 25 30 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 32 30 29
Median age (years)................................................... 28.9 31.7 34.7 37.7 39.2 40.4 41.7 42.8 45.1 46.2 46.4 47.2
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 52.2 55.7 49.6 47.6 46.6 46.6 50.0 54.6 62.1 74.6 75.0 80.0
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 40.1 39.4 30.6 25.8 23.3 22.6 23.6 24.8 24.7 26.4 26.6 27.1
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 12.1 16.3 19.0 21.7 23.3 24.0 26.4 29.8 37.4 48.1 48.4 52.9

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 197 159 150 164 163 150 126 117 102 77 53 34
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 63.6 70.0 72.8 73.1 73.8 75.3 77.0 77.8 79.4 82.2 85.4 88.5
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 60.9 66.5 68.9 68.9 69.6 71.3 73.4 74.3 76.2 79.3 83.1 86.4
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 66.1 73.2 76.5 77.3 78.0 79.3 80.6 81.2 82.6 85.0 87.8 90.6
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 55.7 57.9 59.4 59.2 59.7 61.0 62.6 63.3 64.8 67.5 70.7 73.7
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 13.3 14.1 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.3 18.2 18.6 19.5 21.4 23.5 25.6
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 21.5 16.8 13.6 10.3 10.1 10.8 10.8 10.5 9.6 10.1 10.1 9.9
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 2.66 2.37 1.81 1.43 1.43 1.55 1.60 1.62 1.69 1.79 1.84 1.86
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.15 1.10 0.86 0.67 0.67 0.73 0.76 0.78 0.81 0.86 0.89 0.90
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 28.6 27.4 26.8 27.6 28.3 28.9 29.4 30.4 30.9 31.1 31.1 31.1
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 60 389 54 380 48 678 37 302 36 781 39 357 39 743 38 912 35 174 35 720 33 575 31 876
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 31 513 32 005 38 066 42 032 42 449 41 464 40 819 42 123 43 637 47 770 43 722 37 492
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 28 876 22 374 10 612 - 4 730 - 5 669 - 2 108 - 1 076 - 3 211 - 8 462 - 12 050 - 10 147 - 5 616
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 1 301 - 271 2 575 3 359 8 269 8 495 4 123 4 494 4 302 4 488 3 366 2 244
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.5 -0.1 0.7 0.9 2.3 2.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.7

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Eastern Europe
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 220 171 276 396 310 027 303 789 297 482 294 591 292 943 289 796 278 596 251 756 222 131 208 024
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 12 15 17 17 16 16 16 16 15 14 12 12
Median age (years)................................................... 25.9 30.9 33.6 36.6 37.7 38.6 39.6 40.8 43.8 43.9 43.8 44.4
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 52.7 52.1 50.8 45.1 42.1 40.6 44.0 50.7 56.1 67.1 64.2 68.6
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 43.6 39.1 34.5 26.3 21.8 20.8 22.9 25.5 24.7 26.8 26.4 27.1
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 9.1 12.9 16.3 18.8 20.3 19.8 21.1 25.2 31.4 40.2 37.8 41.5

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 1.5 0.7 0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 14.9 7.2 4.2 -4.4 -5.0 -3.2 -1.8 -2.5 -4.8 -5.1 -4.7 -2.6
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 47 102 — — — — — — — — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 11.2 8.7 11.2 13.7 14.4 14.0 13.3 13.7 14.2 15.9 15.5 13.1
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 90 32 21 17 14 10 8 7 6 5 4 3
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 122 38 25 21 17 12 9 8 7 6 5 4
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 225 175 193 247 258 238 197 190 170 137 100 67
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 60.3 69.0 69.8 67.8 67.9 69.5 71.9 72.4 73.7 76.1 79.1 82.0
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 56.9 64.9 65.2 62.5 62.4 64.1 66.9 67.5 68.9 71.9 75.6 79.3
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 63.2 72.5 74.1 73.4 73.8 75.1 76.8 77.4 78.4 80.3 82.7 84.8
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 54.5 57.1 56.9 54.5 54.3 55.5 57.7 58.2 59.3 61.6 64.6 67.4
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 13.2 14.0 14.4 13.9 14.0 14.7 15.6 15.9 16.4 17.6 19.2 20.7
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 26.1 15.9 15.4 9.3 9.4 10.8 11.5 11.2 9.5 10.8 10.8 10.5
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 2.92 2.15 2.08 1.29 1.26 1.42 1.55 1.60 1.67 1.79 1.85 1.87
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 105 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.21 1.00 0.98 0.61 0.60 0.67 0.74 0.76 0.80 0.86 0.89 0.90
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 28.7 26.9 25.7 25.5 26.4 27.2 27.9 29.3 30.3 30.7 30.7 30.7
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 29 818 21 557 23 629 14 286 14 193 16 018 16 898 16 248 13 307 13 758 12 078 10 971
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 12 756 11 825 17 145 20 964 21 630 20 721 19 470 19 948 20 048 20 247 17 353 13 679
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 17 062 9 731 6 484 - 6 679 - 7 437 - 4 703 - 2 572 - 3 700 - 6 741 - 6 490 - 5 276 - 2 708
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 138 - 499 - 157 898 1 131 1 813 924 553 408 408 306 204
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
30 Northern Europe
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 78 030 87 305 92 040 94 397 96 239 99 682 102 358 105 207 110 126 117 563 123 979 128 679
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 46 51 54 55 57 59 60 62 65 69 73 76
Median age (years)................................................... 33.6 33.5 35.6 37.6 38.7 39.5 40.3 40.7 42.1 43.3 45.0 46.7
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 51.7 58.0 53.0 52.7 51.0 51.0 55.3 58.3 63.7 70.4 74.1 80.8
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 36.0 38.0 29.7 29.1 27.1 26.5 27.4 28.5 28.3 28.3 27.8 27.8
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 15.7 19.9 23.3 23.7 23.8 24.5 27.9 29.8 35.4 42.1 46.3 53.1

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 168 143 119 105 95 88 78 71 59 43 29 19
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 68.8 71.8 74.8 76.6 77.9 79.1 80.1 81.0 82.6 85.4 88.3 91.0
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 66.3 68.7 71.7 73.6 75.2 76.6 77.8 78.9 80.9 84.1 87.1 89.8
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 71.2 74.9 77.9 79.5 80.5 81.6 82.3 83.0 84.3 86.7 89.5 92.3
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 57.1 58.7 60.8 62.2 63.5 64.6 65.6 66.3 67.9 70.6 73.5 76.2
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 13.5 14.4 15.8 16.8 17.7 18.6 19.2 19.7 20.9 22.9 25.1 27.3
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 16.4 16.7 13.7 12.1 11.4 12.4 12.3 12.1 11.2 11.2 10.6 10.1
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 2.31 2.48 1.85 1.70 1.66 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.88 1.89 1.89 1.89
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.07 1.18 0.89 0.82 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.92
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 27.0 26.7 27.6 28.6 29.1 29.6 30.2 30.6 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 6 465 7 185 6 253 5 691 5 447 6 080 6 197 6 278 6 124 6 520 6 555 6 493
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 4 460 4 796 5 172 5 103 4 889 4 726 4 744 4 847 5 172 6 099 6 357 6 407
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 2 004 2 389 1 081 588 558 1 354 1 453 1 431 952 421 198 85
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 506 77 315 656 1 283 2 089 1 222 1 418 1 334 1 334 1 000 667
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -1.3 0.2 0.7 1.4 2.7 4.3 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.3 1.6 1.0

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Southern Europe
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 108 633 127 617 143 404 145 058 149 735 153 360 152 348 151 798 149 455 141 941 126 627 118 491
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 84 99 111 112 116 118 118 117 115 110 98 92
Median age (years)................................................... 27.3 30.9 34.6 38.4 40.0 41.8 43.9 45.9 49.3 51.3 50.8 51.0
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 54.3 57.6 48.1 47.6 48.2 49.3 52.9 55.6 64.1 88.9 88.2 90.8
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 42.7 41.9 28.7 23.3 22.3 22.1 22.2 21.7 20.8 24.4 25.2 25.8
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 11.6 15.7 19.4 24.3 25.9 27.3 30.8 33.9 43.3 64.5 63.0 65.0

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 10.3 9.7 2.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 -0.6 -1.6 -2.9 -4.9 -5.4 -3.3
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 81 95 — — 110 — — — — — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 10.8 9.6 9.1 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.7 10.2 11.0 13.2 14.1 12.0
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 78 41 13 8 6 5 4 3 3 2 1 1
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 97 47 16 9 7 6 4 4 3 2 1 1
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 191 146 113 97 87 76 67 61 51 37 23 14
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 63.5 69.7 75.2 77.3 78.6 79.9 81.2 82.1 83.8 86.6 89.6 92.6
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 61.5 66.9 71.9 74.0 75.5 77.0 78.4 79.5 81.3 84.3 87.4 90.4
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 65.4 72.4 78.5 80.6 81.7 82.8 83.9 84.7 86.2 88.9 91.8 94.8
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 55.9 58.5 61.6 63.2 64.3 65.5 66.6 67.5 69.1 71.8 74.8 77.7
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 13.2 14.2 16.4 17.6 18.3 19.0 19.9 20.5 21.6 23.8 26.1 28.6
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 21.1 19.3 11.7 10.2 10.0 10.1 9.1 8.6 8.1 8.3 8.8 8.8
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 2.67 2.67 1.56 1.35 1.37 1.44 1.41 1.45 1.52 1.66 1.74 1.79
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.13 1.22 0.74 0.64 0.65 0.68 0.67 0.69 0.73 0.80 0.84 0.86
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.8 28.6 27.8 29.2 29.8 30.3 30.8 31.6 32.0 32.2 32.3 32.3
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 11 699 12 060 8 337 7 335 7 394 7 624 6 978 6 560 6 057 5 965 5 601 5 242
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 6 007 5 983 6 484 6 921 7 058 7 212 7 425 7 756 8 231 9 462 9 034 7 178
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 5 692 6 077 1 853 415 337 412 - 447 - 1 196 - 2 175 - 3 497 - 3 433 - 1 936
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 937 - 1 474 - 211 497 4 341 3 213 - 565 646 858 1 044 783 522
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -1.7 -2.4 -0.3 0.7 5.9 4.2 -0.7 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.9

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
32 Western Europe
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 142 256 165 903 175 615 183 163 185 552 187 762 190 794 192 924 195 751 195 533 191 855 190 384
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 131 153 162 169 171 173 176 178 180 180 177 176
Median age (years)................................................... 34.5 33.2 36.3 39.0 40.7 42.4 43.7 44.5 45.8 47.4 47.6 48.6
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 50.3 59.2 47.1 49.1 50.8 52.2 54.6 57.9 68.8 77.7 81.0 86.5
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 35.1 38.5 25.9 25.4 24.6 24.1 23.9 24.2 25.6 26.1 26.9 27.3
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 15.3 20.7 21.2 23.7 26.1 28.1 30.6 33.7 43.2 51.6 54.1 59.2

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 174 149 119 101 91 82 74 67 54 38 24 15
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 67.7 71.1 75.5 77.7 78.9 80.2 81.2 82.1 83.8 86.5 89.5 92.3
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 65.3 67.9 71.9 74.3 75.8 77.3 78.6 79.7 81.7 84.5 87.5 90.3
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 70.0 74.2 78.8 80.9 81.9 83.0 83.7 84.4 85.8 88.4 91.5 94.3
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 56.8 58.2 61.4 63.3 64.4 65.6 66.5 67.4 69.0 71.7 74.6 77.4
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 13.4 14.1 16.4 17.8 18.5 19.4 20.0 20.6 21.7 23.7 26.0 28.3
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 17.2 16.7 12.0 11.0 10.6 10.3 10.2 10.2 9.9 9.7 9.7 9.6
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 2.39 2.47 1.57 1.52 1.59 1.64 1.66 1.69 1.75 1.80 1.84 1.86
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.08 1.17 0.75 0.73 0.76 0.79 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.87 0.89 0.90
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 28.2 27.2 27.8 29.0 29.4 30.0 30.4 31.1 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.3
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 12 407 13 578 10 459 9 990 9 747 9 635 9 670 9 826 9 686 9 477 9 342 9 170
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 8 290 9 401 9 266 9 043 8 873 8 805 9 179 9 572 10 185 11 960 10 978 10 228
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 4 117 4 177 1 194 947 874 830 491 254 - 499 - 2 484 - 1 636 - 1 058
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 280 1 626 2 627 1 308 1 514 1 380 2 541 1 877 1 702 1 702 1 276 851
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 0.4 2.0 3.0 1.4 1.6 1.5 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.9

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Latin America and the Caribbean
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 168 844 288 494 446 889 526 890 563 826 599 823 634 387 666 502 721 067 784 247 780 546 721 224
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 8 14 22 26 28 30 32 33 36 39 39 36
Median age (years)................................................... 19.9 18.6 21.7 24.3 25.7 27.5 29.2 31.0 34.5 41.2 46.8 49.1
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 78.1 86.9 69.6 60.1 56.3 52.7 50.0 48.6 49.6 57.8 74.0 84.1
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 71.8 79.5 61.5 51.2 46.7 42.4 38.6 35.5 31.6 27.0 25.8 26.1
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.3 7.5 8.1 8.9 9.6 10.3 11.4 13.1 18.0 30.8 48.2 58.0

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 2.7 2.6 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.3 -0.2 -0.4
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 27.1 27.0 20.9 17.3 15.6 13.3 11.9 10.5 7.7 3.0 -1.5 -3.5
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 26 27 36 45 52 56 62 71 97 — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 15.7 10.9 7.2 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.5 8.3 11.2 12.7
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 127 91 48 32 25 22 20 17 12 7 5 3
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 190 131 61 40 33 29 26 22 16 10 6 4
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 332 252 204 174 160 148 138 128 109 76 48 31
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 51.2 58.9 66.6 70.5 72.2 73.4 74.6 75.7 77.9 81.7 85.3 88.1
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 49.6 56.7 63.4 67.1 68.8 70.1 71.2 72.5 74.9 79.5 83.7 86.7
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 53.0 61.3 70.0 73.9 75.6 76.8 77.9 79.0 80.8 83.9 86.9 89.6
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 49.6 53.7 56.4 58.8 59.9 60.9 61.8 62.7 64.3 67.6 70.9 73.5
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 12.1 13.5 14.7 16.2 16.9 17.5 18.1 18.6 19.5 21.5 23.5 25.3
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 42.8 37.9 28.0 23.4 21.4 19.1 17.8 16.5 14.1 11.3 9.7 9.2
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 5.89 5.53 3.43 2.75 2.52 2.27 2.15 2.05 1.90 1.78 1.78 1.80
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 2.15 2.26 1.55 1.27 1.18 1.07 1.01 0.97 0.90 0.85 0.86 0.87
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.5 29.4 28.0 27.3 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.3 28.2 29.6 30.4
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 38 744 51 443 59 765 59 365 58 410 55 563 54 771 53 536 50 075 43 885 37 903 33 475
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 14 229 14 772 15 298 15 483 15 949 16 879 18 134 19 538 22 971 32 407 43 836 46 161
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 24 516 36 671 44 467 43 881 42 460 38 684 36 637 33 997 27 105 11 478 - 5 933 - 12 686
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 155 - 2 052 - 3 484 - 4 317 - 5 525 - 2 686 - 2 074 - 1 882 - 1 622 - 1 536 - 1 152 - 768
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.2 -1.5 -1.6 -1.7 -2.0 -0.9 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
34 Caribbean
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 17 076 25 306 34 198 38 314 40 028 41 621 43 199 44 552 46 700 48 100 45 111 40 262
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 76 112 151 170 177 184 191 197 207 213 200 178
Median age (years)................................................... 20.4 19.3 23.8 26.5 27.7 28.9 30.2 31.8 34.9 40.2 44.9 47.6
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 76.6 85.5 64.5 60.2 56.7 54.2 52.5 52.4 54.8 60.2 69.9 78.7
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 69.7 76.5 53.6 48.4 44.4 41.0 38.2 36.3 33.3 28.9 26.8 26.4
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 7.0 9.0 10.9 11.8 12.4 13.2 14.3 16.1 21.5 31.3 43.1 52.3

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 315 229 191 181 174 162 153 145 131 108 81 57
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 52.0 61.0 66.8 68.9 70.0 71.3 72.4 73.5 75.4 78.6 81.6 84.5
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 50.7 59.4 64.7 66.4 67.4 68.7 69.7 70.8 72.9 76.4 79.7 83.1
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 53.5 62.7 69.1 71.6 72.6 74.1 75.2 76.2 78.0 80.9 83.4 85.9
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 50.2 54.7 57.7 58.6 59.2 60.3 61.1 61.8 63.1 65.3 67.6 70.2
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 12.4 13.9 15.8 16.5 16.9 17.6 18.1 18.6 19.3 20.7 21.7 23.2
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 39.4 35.3 26.0 21.7 20.1 18.9 17.8 16.6 14.5 11.9 10.2 9.6
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 5.26 5.01 3.13 2.64 2.50 2.40 2.29 2.19 2.03 1.86 1.79 1.80
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.93 2.06 1.36 1.19 1.13 1.09 1.04 1.00 0.94 0.88 0.86 0.86
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 28.8 28.6 27.9 27.4 27.4 27.4 27.4 27.6 27.9 28.6 29.6 30.4
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 3 535 4 273 4 297 4 049 3 929 3 861 3 763 3 642 3 354 2 856 2 326 1 948
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 1 359 1 241 1 359 1 472 1 527 1 543 1 604 1 689 1 894 2 459 2 823 2 728
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 2 177 3 031 2 938 2 577 2 403 2 318 2 159 1 953 1 460 397 - 497 - 780
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 455 - 814 - 660 - 639 - 688 - 725 - 581 - 600 - 488 - 443 - 332 - 222
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -5.1 -6.7 -4.0 -3.4 -3.5 -3.6 -2.7 -2.7 -2.1 -1.8 -1.5 -1.1

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Central America
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 38 029 69 702 114 823 138 780 148 989 161 117 172 740 183 824 203 401 228 925 233 829 216 959
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 16 28 47 57 61 66 70 75 83 93 95 88
Median age (years)................................................... 18.6 16.7 19.3 22.1 23.4 24.9 26.6 28.3 32.1 39.5 46.6 49.7
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 85.5 99.5 78.6 67.8 63.4 58.2 53.6 51.2 49.3 54.9 72.6 85.7
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 79.1 92.3 71.2 59.6 54.8 49.1 43.9 40.1 34.5 27.7 25.7 26.0
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.3 7.1 7.4 8.2 8.6 9.1 9.7 11.1 14.8 27.3 46.9 59.7

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 2.9 3.0 2.1 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.4 -0.1 -0.4
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 30.7 32.5 25.0 21.7 19.2 17.0 15.2 13.5 10.2 4.8 -0.6 -3.5
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 24 23 33 40 49 45 50 56 75 — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 17.7 11.2 6.2 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.4 7.0 10.3 12.6
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 127 86 44 30 23 22 19 17 13 8 5 3
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 205 132 57 37 29 27 25 21 16 10 6 4
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 362 269 193 150 139 133 126 118 101 72 46 30
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 49.0 58.6 68.3 72.5 73.9 74.8 75.7 76.8 78.7 82.3 85.8 88.5
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 47.4 56.6 65.2 69.9 71.2 72.2 73.1 74.2 76.3 80.7 84.7 87.6
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 50.7 60.6 71.5 75.1 76.5 77.5 78.4 79.3 81.0 83.9 86.8 89.5
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 48.3 53.5 57.9 60.6 61.4 62.2 62.9 63.7 65.2 68.3 71.4 73.9
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 12.2 14.3 16.2 17.2 17.6 18.3 18.8 19.2 20.1 21.9 23.9 25.6
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 48.4 43.7 31.3 26.8 24.1 21.8 20.1 18.5 15.5 11.8 9.7 9.1
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.75 6.65 3.98 3.11 2.79 2.54 2.37 2.21 1.98 1.79 1.78 1.80
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 2.38 2.69 1.80 1.44 1.31 1.20 1.12 1.05 0.94 0.86 0.86 0.87
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.4 29.4 28.0 27.4 27.2 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.1 27.7 28.9 30.3
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 9 940 14 168 17 061 17 778 17 310 16 879 16 766 16 503 15 445 13 372 11 380 9 932
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 3 635 3 639 3 400 3 364 3 488 3 730 4 099 4 457 5 337 7 983 12 039 13 762
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 6 305 10 528 13 660 14 413 13 822 13 150 12 667 12 046 10 107 5 390 - 659 - 3 830
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 279 - 802 - 2 260 - 2 665 - 3 614 - 1 021 - 1 044 - 962 - 826 - 795 - 597 - 398
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -1.4 -2.5 -4.1 -4.0 -5.0 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
36 South America
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 113 739 193 486 297 869 349 796 374 809 397 085 418 447 438 126 470 966 507 223 501 606 464 003
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 7 11 17 20 21 23 24 25 27 29 29 27
Median age (years)................................................... 20.3 19.2 22.5 24.9 26.5 28.3 30.2 32.0 35.6 42.0 47.0 49.0
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 76.0 83.0 66.9 57.2 53.6 50.4 48.3 47.2 49.2 58.9 75.1 83.9
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 69.7 75.6 58.9 48.3 43.9 40.0 36.5 33.6 30.2 26.5 25.8 26.1
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.2 7.4 8.0 8.9 9.6 10.5 11.8 13.7 19.0 32.5 49.3 57.7

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 325 249 208 181 165 152 140 131 111 74 47 29
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 51.9 58.8 66.1 69.9 71.8 73.1 74.4 75.6 77.8 81.8 85.4 88.3
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 50.2 56.4 62.7 66.3 68.1 69.5 70.7 72.1 74.6 79.3 83.6 86.6
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 53.7 61.4 69.6 73.7 75.5 76.9 78.0 79.1 81.1 84.2 87.2 90.0
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 49.9 53.6 55.8 58.2 59.5 60.5 61.5 62.4 64.2 67.6 71.0 73.6
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 12.1 13.2 14.1 15.8 16.7 17.2 17.8 18.4 19.4 21.3 23.5 25.3
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 41.4 36.2 27.0 22.3 20.5 18.1 16.8 15.6 13.5 11.0 9.6 9.2
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 5.70 5.22 3.27 2.62 2.41 2.15 2.05 1.96 1.84 1.77 1.78 1.80
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 2.11 2.14 1.48 1.22 1.13 1.01 0.97 0.93 0.88 0.85 0.86 0.87
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.6 29.5 28.0 27.2 27.1 27.1 27.0 27.1 27.3 28.3 30.0 30.5
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 25 269 33 002 38 407 37 538 37 171 34 822 34 242 33 391 31 277 27 657 24 198 21 595
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 9 235 9 891 10 539 10 647 10 935 11 606 12 430 13 393 15 739 21 965 28 974 29 671
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 16 034 23 111 27 868 26 891 26 235 23 216 21 812 19 998 15 538 5 692 - 4 777 - 8 076
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 579 - 436 - 564 - 1 013 - 1 222 - 940 - 450 - 319 - 308 - 298 - 224 - 149
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 1.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Northern America
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 171 615 231 029 280 633 313 724 328 524 344 129 357 838 371 269 396 278 433 114 472 164 500 143
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 9 12 15 17 18 18 19 20 21 23 25 27
Median age (years)................................................... 29.8 28.1 32.8 35.4 36.5 37.4 38.3 38.9 40.4 42.1 43.5 45.0
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 54.9 61.2 51.3 50.1 48.3 48.3 50.5 54.3 63.7 66.3 72.4 77.3
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 42.1 45.7 32.6 31.6 29.9 28.8 28.1 28.3 29.4 28.6 28.8 28.7
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 12.7 15.4 18.8 18.5 18.4 19.5 22.5 26.0 34.3 37.7 43.6 48.7

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 15.1 8.7 6.9 5.6 5.4 5.5 4.3 4.0 3.1 1.0 1.2 0.7
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 42 66 68 59 76 75 89 94 113 — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 9.6 9.4 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.1 8.1 8.4 8.9 10.4 9.9 10.0
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 31 23 10 7 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 2
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 37 26 12 9 8 8 7 6 5 3 2 2
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 198 181 133 116 110 106 102 96 81 56 37 24
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 68.6 70.5 75.0 76.6 77.4 78.4 79.2 79.9 81.4 84.3 87.1 89.6
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 65.8 66.9 71.5 73.6 74.7 75.8 76.8 77.6 79.4 82.9 85.9 88.4
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 71.7 74.3 78.5 79.5 79.9 80.8 81.5 82.1 83.3 85.6 88.3 90.9
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 56.5 57.6 61.1 62.4 63.1 64.1 64.8 65.4 66.9 69.6 72.3 74.8
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 14.2 14.8 16.9 17.6 18.1 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.8 22.5 24.3 26.2
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 24.6 18.0 15.6 14.1 13.8 13.6 12.4 12.4 12.0 11.5 11.1 10.7
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 3.35 2.58 1.89 1.95 1.99 2.02 1.86 1.86 1.88 1.90 1.91 1.92
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.56 1.22 0.90 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.93
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 26.8 26.4 26.6 27.2 27.8 28.2 28.7 29.9 30.6 30.6 30.6 30.6
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 22 057 20 273 21 311 21 491 22 108 22 894 21 823 22 548 23 328 24 551 25 932 26 596
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 8 554 10 538 11 896 12 918 13 481 13 585 14 294 15 215 17 323 22 368 23 226 24 752
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 13 503 9 734 9 415 8 573 8 626 9 309 7 530 7 333 6 005 2 184 2 706 1 844
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 1 484 2 105 4 560 9 451 6 174 6 296 6 179 6 098 5 999 5 999 4 500 3 000
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 1.7 1.9 3.3 6.2 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.8 1.9 1.2

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
38 Oceania
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 12 682 19 688 26 971 31 068 33 369 36 411 39 331 42 131 47 361 56 609 65 637 71 129
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 1 2 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 8
Median age (years)................................................... 27.9 24.8 28.6 30.8 31.9 32.3 32.9 33.6 35.1 37.4 40.7 43.9
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 59.3 65.3 55.8 55.3 54.0 53.3 54.8 57.1 60.4 61.9 65.2 72.3
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 47.6 53.6 41.7 40.0 38.3 36.9 36.3 36.7 35.5 32.4 29.7 28.2
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 11.7 11.7 14.2 15.3 15.7 16.4 18.5 20.4 24.9 29.5 35.6 44.1

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 270 221 154 127 115 107 103 98 91 77 60 44
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 60.4 65.1 70.9 73.6 75.1 76.6 77.5 78.4 79.8 82.1 84.8 87.6
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 58.1 62.3 67.8 70.9 72.7 74.3 75.3 76.3 77.9 80.2 82.8 85.7
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 63.1 68.1 74.2 76.5 77.7 79.0 79.7 80.5 81.8 84.1 86.8 89.6
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 52.5 55.1 59.5 61.8 63.0 64.2 64.8 65.5 66.8 68.6 70.8 73.3
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 13.1 13.8 16.1 17.6 18.4 19.2 19.7 20.2 21.2 22.5 24.0 25.8
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 27.5 24.5 19.8 18.7 17.8 18.1 17.3 16.5 15.0 13.6 11.9 10.7
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 3.84 3.55 2.49 2.45 2.43 2.51 2.42 2.35 2.24 2.06 1.94 1.87
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.60 1.55 1.13 1.11 1.10 1.15 1.11 1.08 1.03 0.97 0.92 0.90
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 28.3 27.9 28.2 28.8 29.2 29.6 29.8 30.2 30.5 30.8 30.8 30.8
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 1 843 2 281 2 567 2 805 2 871 3 156 3 267 3 351 3 460 3 772 3 859 3 791
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 829 928 1 030 1 115 1 143 1 193 1 298 1 394 1 640 2 327 2 892 3 340
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 1 014 1 353 1 536 1 690 1 728 1 963 1 969 1 956 1 821 1 444 967 451
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 479 833 561 324 574 1 078 952 844 749 753 564 376
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 7.1 9.0 4.3 2.2 3.6 6.2 5.0 4.1 3.3 2.7 1.7 1.1

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Australia/New Zealand
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 10 085 15 724 20 494 22 965 24 409 26 532 28 498 30 327 33 585 39 104 44 661 48 484
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6
Median age (years)................................................... 30.2 27.2 32.0 35.2 36.4 36.9 37.6 38.0 39.9 41.6 44.3 46.9
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 54.8 60.8 50.0 50.2 48.9 48.5 51.4 55.5 61.8 66.2 71.8 81.2
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 41.9 47.5 33.3 31.8 29.9 28.6 28.7 30.0 30.0 28.4 27.5 27.5
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 12.9 13.3 16.6 18.4 19.0 19.9 22.7 25.5 31.8 37.8 44.3 53.7

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 2.4 2.3 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.3
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 14.2 11.8 7.9 6.7 6.2 7.3 6.8 6.2 4.7 2.7 1.7 0.9
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 30 30 48 67 57 42 49 56 72 101 — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 9.2 8.6 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.1 8.5 8.7 8.9
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 24 18 9 6 5 5 4 3 3 2 1 1
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 31 22 11 7 6 5 5 4 3 2 1 1
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 174 161 109 85 74 67 63 57 47 33 20 12
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 69.5 71.0 75.8 78.5 80.0 81.2 82.0 82.9 84.5 87.1 90.2 93.1
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 66.9 67.9 72.7 75.7 77.5 78.9 79.9 81.0 82.9 85.6 88.6 91.5
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 72.2 74.5 79.0 81.3 82.5 83.5 84.1 84.8 86.2 88.7 91.7 94.7
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 57.0 57.9 61.8 64.2 65.6 66.7 67.5 68.3 69.8 72.4 75.3 78.2
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 13.8 14.2 16.6 18.2 19.2 20.0 20.6 21.2 22.3 24.2 26.5 28.9
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 23.5 20.5 15.3 13.8 13.0 14.0 13.5 13.0 11.7 11.2 10.4 9.8
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 3.27 2.96 1.89 1.82 1.80 1.99 1.94 1.88 1.82 1.79 1.80 1.82
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 105 105 105 105 105 106 106 105 105 105 105 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.53 1.40 0.90 0.87 0.87 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.86 0.87 0.88
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 27.8 27.2 28.0 29.1 29.7 30.1 30.4 31.1 31.5 31.6 31.4 31.3
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 1 258 1 519 1 514 1 539 1 543 1 777 1 860 1 905 1 920 2 157 2 290 2 362
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 495 641 736 793 809 849 925 990 1 156 1 640 1 926 2 142
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 763 878 778 746 734 928 935 916 764 516 364 220
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ 501 850 657 420 710 1 195 1 030 914 814 814 611 407
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. 9.3 11.4 6.6 3.8 6.0 9.4 7.5 6.2 5.0 4.2 2.8 1.7

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
40 Melanesia
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 2 200 3 306 5 514 6 993 7 816 8 716 9 623 10 542 12 419 15 996 19 394 21 096
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 4 6 10 13 15 16 18 20 23 30 37 40
Median age (years)................................................... 19.6 18.0 18.6 20.0 20.8 21.3 22.0 22.9 24.8 28.9 33.7 38.1
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 79.6 84.3 79.2 72.8 71.0 69.1 65.6 62.3 57.1 52.6 51.7 54.7
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 72.7 80.0 74.6 68.1 66.0 63.6 59.7 55.9 49.5 41.1 34.0 29.6
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 6.9 4.2 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.5 5.8 6.4 7.6 11.5 17.7 25.1

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 640 501 359 315 293 267 255 243 222 182 140 101
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 37.3 47.0 56.7 59.8 61.4 63.1 64.0 64.9 66.5 69.5 72.8 76.3
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 36.3 46.0 54.4 57.7 59.3 61.1 61.9 62.7 64.2 67.1 70.3 74.0
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 38.5 48.2 59.3 62.1 63.6 65.4 66.3 67.2 68.9 72.0 75.5 78.8
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 36.0 42.2 48.5 50.4 51.5 52.7 53.3 53.9 55.1 57.3 59.9 62.7
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 8.4 9.7 11.2 11.7 12.1 12.5 12.8 13.0 13.5 14.4 15.6 17.2
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 42.9 41.1 34.6 34.0 32.1 30.2 28.0 26.3 23.8 19.3 15.4 12.8
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.31 6.01 4.73 4.40 4.15 3.93 3.67 3.44 3.07 2.57 2.19 1.97
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 1.82 2.11 1.94 1.86 1.78 1.71 1.61 1.52 1.37 1.17 1.01 0.92
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 30.3 29.9 29.4 29.4 29.5 29.5 29.6 29.6 29.7 29.8 29.9 30.1
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 491 640 905 1 120 1 189 1 248 1 282 1 323 1 420 1 503 1 471 1 345
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 304 258 264 291 303 312 341 370 443 630 895 1 115
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 187 382 640 829 886 935 941 954 977 874 576 230
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ -6 -4 - 71 - 44 - 62 - 35 - 34 - 34 - 34 - 34 - 26 - 17
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -0.5 -0.2 -2.7 -1.4 -1.7 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2

a The total dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 and that aged 65+ to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
b The child dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 0-14 to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
c The old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 years or over to the population aged 15-64. They are presented as number of dependants per 100 persons of working age (15-64).
d The population doubling time corresponds to the number of years required for the total population to double in size if the annual rate of population change would remain constant. Doubling time is computed only
for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0.5 per cent.
e Adult mortality is expressed as deaths under age 60 per 1,000 alive at age 15 and represents the probability of dying between age 15 and age 60 (45q15).
f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division
Micronesia
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 155 248 415 497 503 502 526 552 607 690 741 744
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 49 78 131 157 159 159 166 174 191 218 234 235
Median age (years)................................................... 21.3 18.2 21.9 24.0 24.7 25.4 26.3 27.5 30.3 34.9 39.7 43.6
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 64.9 85.3 67.3 60.4 58.2 57.3 55.4 55.0 57.0 58.2 65.1 71.0
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 59.4 80.0 61.5 54.2 51.3 49.5 46.0 43.3 39.9 34.9 31.1 28.4
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 5.5 5.3 5.9 6.2 6.9 7.8 9.4 11.8 17.1 23.3 33.9 42.6

1950-1955 1965-1970 1985-1990 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2025-2030 2045-2050 2070-2075 2095-2100
Rates of population change
Annual rate of population change (percentage) ....... 2.0 2.5 3.0 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.2 -0.1
Rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)....... 26.7 28.3 25.5 22.0 19.3 17.0 15.5 14.2 11.9 7.1 3.4 0.3
Population doubling time (years) (d) ....................... 36 28 23 55 — — 75 72 76 — — —
Mortality
Crude death rate per 1,000 population..................... 13.7 9.5 6.7 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.3 7.9 9.2 10.7
Infant mortality rate (1q0) per 1,000 live births ...... 103 72 48 36 31 29 28 25 21 15 10 6
Under-five mortality (5q0) per 1,000 live births ..... 149 100 63 45 39 36 34 31 25 18 11 7
Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 335 266 191 154 139 129 121 111 94 78 57 39
Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 53.5 59.8 66.0 69.4 70.9 71.9 72.8 74.0 76.1 79.3 82.4 85.4
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 52.2 58.4 64.2 67.5 68.9 69.7 70.5 71.6 73.8 77.0 80.2 83.7
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 55.0 61.4 67.9 71.4 73.0 74.3 75.3 76.5 78.6 81.8 84.6 87.3
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 49.2 52.4 56.0 58.1 59.2 60.0 60.8 61.7 63.4 66.0 68.4 71.1
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 11.8 12.5 13.5 14.3 14.9 15.4 15.9 16.5 17.7 19.8 21.4 23.3
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 40.4 37.8 32.3 27.5 24.7 22.4 21.0 19.8 18.2 15.0 12.7 11.0
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.25 5.84 4.01 3.32 2.99 2.88 2.84 2.73 2.47 2.25 2.03 1.91
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 105 105 105 105
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 2.38 2.42 1.79 1.54 1.42 1.36 1.31 1.25 1.19 1.07 0.97 0.92
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.8 29.6 28.9 28.9 29.2 29.4 29.4 29.8 30.0 30.4 30.7 31.0
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 33 44 62 66 62 56 54 53 54 51 47 41
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 11 11 13 13 13 14 14 15 19 27 34 40
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 22 33 49 53 48 43 40 38 35 24 13 1
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ -6 -3 9 - 23 - 42 - 44 - 16 - 12 -8 -8 -6 -4
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -7.3 -3.0 4.5 -9.4 -16.7 -17.3 -6.2 -4.5 -2.7 -2.3 -1.6 -1.1

f The net reproduction rate is expressed as number of daughters per woman and represents the average number of daughters a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they
were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates and the mortality rates of a given period.
42 Polynesia
1950 1970 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2050 2075 2100
Total Population
Total population (thousands) ................................... 242 410 548 613 641 660 684 710 751 819 841 805
Population density (persons per square km) ............ 30 51 68 76 79 82 85 88 93 101 104 100
Median age (years)................................................... 17.2 15.7 20.4 22.3 23.6 25.2 26.2 27.5 30.2 35.1 40.8 45.6
Dependency ratios (per 100)
Total dependency ratio (a) ....................................... 91.2 104.5 72.2 69.0 64.1 59.4 56.9 55.5 57.8 61.3 68.9 77.7
Child dependency ratio (b)....................................... 86.8 99.1 65.5 61.2 55.6 49.9 46.7 43.8 40.9 35.8 31.4 28.3
Old-age dependency ratio (c)................................... 4.4 5.4 6.7 7.8 8.5 9.5 10.2 11.7 16.9 25.5 37.5 49.4

Adult mortality (45q15) per 1,000 (e)...................... 455 336 223 175 153 133 120 109 88 59 39 26
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

Life expectancy at birth (years) ............................... 50.4 58.3 66.7 70.1 71.6 73.1 74.3 75.4 77.6 81.5 85.2 88.0
Male life expectancy at birth (years) ....................... 48.6 56.2 64.1 67.5 68.9 70.5 71.7 72.9 75.3 79.8 84.0 87.0
Female life expectancy at birth (years).................... 52.5 60.8 69.7 73.1 74.6 75.9 77.1 78.2 80.0 83.1 86.4 89.2
Life expectancy at age 15 (years) ............................ 44.2 49.5 54.7 57.3 58.5 59.8 60.8 61.8 63.8 67.4 70.8 73.5
Life expectancy at age 65 (years) ............................ 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.1 14.7 15.3 15.9 16.5 17.8 20.3 22.9 25.0
Fertility
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population ...................... 47.6 40.4 32.3 26.7 24.6 23.1 21.3 19.8 18.1 14.9 12.3 10.5
Total fertility (children per woman)......................... 6.78 6.39 4.37 3.55 3.32 3.17 2.95 2.78 2.57 2.31 2.09 1.93
Sex ratio at birth (males per 100 females) ............... 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Net reproduction rate (f) .......................................... 2.59 2.70 2.02 1.68 1.57 1.50 1.41 1.34 1.24 1.11 1.00 0.93
Mean age childbearing (years)................................. 29.5 29.5 29.4 29.1 29.3 29.6 29.7 29.9 30.0 30.4 30.6 30.5
Births and deaths
Number of births (thousands) .................................. 61 78 86 79 77 75 72 69 67 60 52 42
Number of deaths (thousands) ................................. 19 19 17 17 17 18 19 20 23 31 37 43
Births minus deaths (thousands) .............................. 43 59 68 62 60 58 53 49 44 30 15 -1
Migration
Net number of migrants (thousands)........................ - 10 - 10 - 33 - 29 - 31 - 38 - 28 - 24 - 22 - 19 - 14 - 10
Net migration rate (per 1,000) ................................. -8.1 -5.2 -12.6 -9.9 -9.9 -11.8 -8.4 -6.8 -6.1 -4.7 -3.4 -2.4

World Population Prospects 2010 Data
No ratings yet
World Population Prospects 2010 Data
1 page
Population Studies
No ratings yet
Population Studies
132 pages
2023 African Population Demographics
No ratings yet
2023 African Population Demographics
178 pages
Understanding Demography: Key Concepts and Models
No ratings yet
Understanding Demography: Key Concepts and Models
36 pages
Understanding Demography and Population Dynamics
No ratings yet
Understanding Demography and Population Dynamics
19 pages
Demography Knsy
No ratings yet
Demography Knsy
308 pages
Global Demography
No ratings yet
Global Demography
17 pages
Izuka Test in Population Dynamics
No ratings yet
Izuka Test in Population Dynamics
33 pages
Population and Migration Overview
No ratings yet
Population and Migration Overview
12 pages
A'Level Geography Notes - Population & Migration Notes-1
No ratings yet
A'Level Geography Notes - Population & Migration Notes-1
54 pages
POPULATION
No ratings yet
POPULATION
31 pages
Population Booklet - 01 - 7240753430
No ratings yet
Population Booklet - 01 - 7240753430
20 pages
Unit 2 Notes FOX
No ratings yet
Unit 2 Notes FOX
11 pages
Population Health and Demographic Insights
No ratings yet
Population Health and Demographic Insights
27 pages
GCSE Geography: Population Change Guide
No ratings yet
GCSE Geography: Population Change Guide
40 pages
Understanding Population Dynamics and Trends
No ratings yet
Understanding Population Dynamics and Trends
42 pages
Demographics of Women
No ratings yet
Demographics of Women
12 pages
Understanding Population Dynamics and Policy
No ratings yet
Understanding Population Dynamics and Policy
6 pages
Urbanization and Population Dynamics
No ratings yet
Urbanization and Population Dynamics
87 pages
Population & Migration Vocabulary Guide
No ratings yet
Population & Migration Vocabulary Guide
5 pages
Demographic Structure of Indian Society
No ratings yet
Demographic Structure of Indian Society
12 pages
Understanding Population Dynamics and Growth
No ratings yet
Understanding Population Dynamics and Growth
55 pages
Global Demography: Key Concepts and Trends
No ratings yet
Global Demography: Key Concepts and Trends
5 pages
Understanding Population Dynamics and Trends
No ratings yet
Understanding Population Dynamics and Trends
55 pages
Understanding Demography: Key Concepts
No ratings yet
Understanding Demography: Key Concepts
55 pages
Understanding Population Dynamics and Policies
No ratings yet
Understanding Population Dynamics and Policies
26 pages
Health Demography (Autosaved)
No ratings yet
Health Demography (Autosaved)
31 pages
Population Demographics
No ratings yet
Population Demographics
48 pages
Unit 5 - Economic Development - IGCSE Pro
No ratings yet
Unit 5 - Economic Development - IGCSE Pro
7 pages
SOWC Statistical Tables ALL 2021 en
No ratings yet
SOWC Statistical Tables ALL 2021 en
317 pages
Key Concepts in Population Dynamics
No ratings yet
Key Concepts in Population Dynamics
29 pages
World Population Trends and Dynamics
No ratings yet
World Population Trends and Dynamics
86 pages
Population Dynamics-1
No ratings yet
Population Dynamics-1
22 pages
Global Population & Demography Insights
100% (1)
Global Population & Demography Insights
59 pages
Factors Influencing Population Dynamics
No ratings yet
Factors Influencing Population Dynamics
19 pages
Demography 2023
No ratings yet
Demography 2023
187 pages
11 Population Geog
No ratings yet
11 Population Geog
52 pages
Population Dynamics in EMDCs and ELDCs
No ratings yet
Population Dynamics in EMDCs and ELDCs
40 pages
Human Population
No ratings yet
Human Population
4 pages
Public Health Tools: Demography & Vital Stats
No ratings yet
Public Health Tools: Demography & Vital Stats
110 pages
Demogr APHY
No ratings yet
Demogr APHY
38 pages
India’s Demographic Transition Stages
No ratings yet
India’s Demographic Transition Stages
15 pages
Demographic Transition and Global Health Insights
100% (1)
Demographic Transition and Global Health Insights
22 pages
Niger's Demographic Transition Stage 2
No ratings yet
Niger's Demographic Transition Stage 2
3 pages
Understanding Population Dynamics
No ratings yet
Understanding Population Dynamics
8 pages
5.4 Population
No ratings yet
5.4 Population
20 pages
Global Population Distribution Insights
No ratings yet
Global Population Distribution Insights
10 pages
Understanding Global Birth Rates
No ratings yet
Understanding Global Birth Rates
5 pages
The Human Population
No ratings yet
The Human Population
30 pages
Population Growth and Population Projections
No ratings yet
Population Growth and Population Projections
48 pages
Group 1 CHS Presentation
No ratings yet
Group 1 CHS Presentation
59 pages
Demographic Transition Model Explained
No ratings yet
Demographic Transition Model Explained
29 pages
Human Population Growth Insights
No ratings yet
Human Population Growth Insights
37 pages
Unit 5 Notes
No ratings yet
Unit 5 Notes
8 pages
Understanding Population and Demography
No ratings yet
Understanding Population and Demography
41 pages
Half Marathon 12-Week Training Plan
No ratings yet
Half Marathon 12-Week Training Plan
2 pages
Health Analysis Exam Paper
No ratings yet
Health Analysis Exam Paper
5 pages
Nonblood Specimens and Tests Overview
No ratings yet
Nonblood Specimens and Tests Overview
31 pages
Philippine Medicinal Plants Checklist
No ratings yet
Philippine Medicinal Plants Checklist
47 pages
Review Artikel: Metode Untuk Meningkatkan Absorpsi Obat Transdermal
No ratings yet
Review Artikel: Metode Untuk Meningkatkan Absorpsi Obat Transdermal
10 pages
Silvanus Chakra Puspita: Medical Staff of Mayapada Hospital Jakarta Selatan
No ratings yet
Silvanus Chakra Puspita: Medical Staff of Mayapada Hospital Jakarta Selatan
44 pages
WHO Guidelines For The Safe Use of Waste Water Excreta and Greywater
No ratings yet
WHO Guidelines For The Safe Use of Waste Water Excreta and Greywater
114 pages
Hazard Risk Assessment and Control Form
No ratings yet
Hazard Risk Assessment and Control Form
1 page
Review
100% (1)
Review
53 pages
Module Content Unit of Competency: Practice Housekeeping Procedure Unit Code: 500311104 Unit Descriptor
No ratings yet
Module Content Unit of Competency: Practice Housekeeping Procedure Unit Code: 500311104 Unit Descriptor
54 pages
Inspection Engineering Certification
No ratings yet
Inspection Engineering Certification
7 pages
English-CLTSH 2
No ratings yet
English-CLTSH 2
36 pages
Discussion Charts 02
No ratings yet
Discussion Charts 02
8 pages
6the Mass Healings at Traberhof - Bruno-Groening - No
No ratings yet
6the Mass Healings at Traberhof - Bruno-Groening - No
4 pages
LESSON 1 - Communication Skills
No ratings yet
LESSON 1 - Communication Skills
41 pages
UG Physiology PDF
No ratings yet
UG Physiology PDF
38 pages
Snana Navajata Shishu
No ratings yet
Snana Navajata Shishu
15 pages
Excellentcare Catalog 2021
No ratings yet
Excellentcare Catalog 2021
18 pages
Champions Medical Forms
No ratings yet
Champions Medical Forms
6 pages
Allan V. Horwitz, Jerome C. Wakefield, Robert L. Spitzer - The Loss of Sadness
100% (3)
Allan V. Horwitz, Jerome C. Wakefield, Robert L. Spitzer - The Loss of Sadness
304 pages
Cloud-Edge Collaborative Depression Detection Using Negative Emotion Recognition and Cross-Scale Facial Feature Analysis
No ratings yet
Cloud-Edge Collaborative Depression Detection Using Negative Emotion Recognition and Cross-Scale Facial Feature Analysis
11 pages
Scaffolding Risk Assessment Template
No ratings yet
Scaffolding Risk Assessment Template
4 pages
Zimbabwe COVID-19 Prevention Strategies
No ratings yet
Zimbabwe COVID-19 Prevention Strategies
6 pages
Usmle Osmosis
No ratings yet
Usmle Osmosis
28 pages
Dental Products
No ratings yet
Dental Products
10 pages
Badminton Ontario (June 25)
No ratings yet
Badminton Ontario (June 25)
3 pages
Understanding Adolescence Stages and Risks
No ratings yet
Understanding Adolescence Stages and Risks
12 pages
Osteoporosis Treatment Options Explained
No ratings yet
Osteoporosis Treatment Options Explained
6 pages
Revuele Oil Control - Google Shopping
No ratings yet
Revuele Oil Control - Google Shopping
1 page
SDG Target Interactions in the Philippines
No ratings yet
SDG Target Interactions in the Philippines
16 pages

Data Demographic

Uploaded by

Data Demographic

Uploaded by

World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Volume II: Demographic Profiles

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division

You might also like