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Generator
Title: Study on a Diesel Generator
# Objectives:
• To visit and identify the different parts of a generator.
• To know about the function of generator.
# Generator:
Generator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. A
picture of this machine is shown in Fig. 1.
Air filter
Radiator
Fuel filter
Lubricant filter
Engine
Alternator
Fig. 1: Practical transformer.
# Main Parts of a Practical Transformer:
1. Engine:
The engine provides a rotating mechanical power by internal combustion of fuel which is required
to rotate the rotor of an Alternator. Generally, a 4 stroke diesel engine is used. The shaft of engine is coupled
with the rotor shaft of alternator.
2. Alternator:
Alternator has a stator and rotor. The stator is equipped with a magnetic core and windings which
supplies electrical power to the load. On the other hand, the rotor is equipped with a shaft and windings. In
general, DC voltage supplies to the rotor winding through carbon/copper brush in order to make
electromagnet. When the engine is started, it rotates the rotor of alternator. Then rotating magnetic flux is
linked with the windings of stator. At this time, EMF is induced in stator windings according to Faraday’s
law of electromagnetic induction.
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Generator
3. Oil Tank:
Diesel oil is reserved in the tank. It can be made by galvanized iron sheet.
4. Radiator:
Radiator supplies the cooled water to the engine. It mainly consists of some copper tubes and fins
as shown in Fig. 2. The engine of generator becomes much heated during its operation. We know that the
efficiency of an engine is inversely proportional to the engine temperature.
Fig. 2: Overview of a radiator.
In order to increase the engine efficiency and ensure longer life water is circulated between engine
and radiator. When water enters into engine, its temperature becomes high. Further, the hot water enters
into the tubes through the inlet of radiator. At this time, the heat of hot water transfers from tube to fins.
Further, the fins release heat to the ambient air by an exhaust fan and cooled water goes to the engine
through the outlet of radiator. Thus, the engine is cooled by a radiator.
5. Air filter
We know that, diesel engine does work on the basis of fuel combustion. Therefore, air i.e oxygen
is urgently required in combustion process. For this reason, air is entered in the engine from the outside.
Normally, outside air contains huge amounts of dust which is very harmful for the engine. In order to avoid
dust and get clean air, a filter is applied in generator. Which is known as an air filter. Normally, this type
of filter is replaced after each 200 operations hours.
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Generator
6. Fuel Filter
Generally, diesel is collected from the market. This fuel may have dirt which is very harmful for
the engine. Therefore, a fuel filter is applied in generator to protect from the dirt and ensure clean fuel
supply. Normally, this type of filter is replaced after each 200 operations hours.
7. Lube Oil Filter
Generator has different moving parts. When these parts move, a huge amount of heat is produced
due to friction between parts. In order to absorption of heat, lube oil such as mobil is applied in generator.
This type of filter removes the dirt from the mobil. Normally, this type of filter is replaced after each 200
operations hours.
.
8. Self Starter:
A starter is a device used to rotate the crankshaft of an internal-combustion engine so as to initiate
the engine's operation under its own power. It is operated by DC voltage. This voltage is provided by
battery. The picture of a self starter is shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3: Overview of a self starter.
9. Control Panel:
It is an electronic device which is mainly applied to operate and protect the generator. Besides,
some parameters such as voltage, current, frequency, speed etc. can be observed from this device. A picture
of a control panel is presented in Fig. 4.
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