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Tutorial 6

This document is a tutorial sheet for a Mathematical Methods course at BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus for the Second Semester of 2024-2025. It includes problems related to solving Fredholm integral equations using various numerical methods such as trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, collocation, and least squares. The sheet also requires approximating solutions for specific equations and comparing them with exact solutions.

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10 views2 pages

Tutorial 6

This document is a tutorial sheet for a Mathematical Methods course at BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus for the Second Semester of 2024-2025. It includes problems related to solving Fredholm integral equations using various numerical methods such as trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, collocation, and least squares. The sheet also requires approximating solutions for specific equations and comparing them with exact solutions.

Uploaded by

f20230741
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BITS - PILANI, Hyderabad Campus

Second SEMESTER 2024 - 2025


MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Tutorial Sheet - 6

1. (a) Solve Z 1
y(x) = x + K(x, ξ)y(ξ)dξ,
0

x(1 − ξ),
 x<ξ
K(x, ξ) =

ξ(1 − x), x > ξ.

using approximation of Fredholm integral equations by sets of algebraic equations and


also use 5-point trapezoidal rule & simpson’s 1/3 rule.
(b) Solve this problem in part (a) using the method of collocation, the method of weighting
functions, and the method of least squares.

2. Obtain approximate values of the solutions of the equation


Z 1
1
(x − x2 ) = K(x, ξ) y(ξ) dξ
2 0

where 
x(1 − ξ),
 x<ξ
K(x, ξ) =

ξ(1 − x), x > ξ.

at the point x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 by approximation of Fredholm integral equations by
sets of algebraic equations. Use the weighting coefficients of the trapezoidal rule.

3. (a) If K(x, ξ) is of the form: 


x,
 x<ξ
K(x, ξ) =

ξ, x > ξ.

show that the assumption y(x) ≈ C1 + C2 x + C3 x2 reduces the equation


Z 1
y(x) = F (x) + λ K(x, ξ) y(ξ)dξ, 0<x<1
0

to the requirement

1 1 1 1 1
C1 [1 − λ(x − x2 )] + C2 [x − λ(x − x3 )] + C3 [x2 − λ(x − x4 )] ≈ F (x), 0 < x < 1
2 2 3 3 4

(b) Show that the problem in part (a) can be reduced to the problem

y ′′ (x) + λy(x) = F ′′ (x), y(0) = F (0), y ′ (1) = F ′ (1).


4. (a) Obtain an approximate solution of the equation
Z 1
πx
sin = K(x, ξ) y(ξ) dξ
2 0

where 
x,
 x<ξ
K(x, ξ) =

ξ, x > ξ.

by assuming y(x) ≈ C1 + C2 x + C3 x2 and using the method of collocation at the points


x = 0, 0.5, 1.0
π2 πx
(b) Compare the results with the exact solution sin( ) at points x = 0, 0.25, 0.75, 1.0.
4 2
*********

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