Section 1: Computer Hardware (15 Marks)
1. Define computer hardware and explain its importance (2 Marks)
o Definition: Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer
system, including the processor, memory, storage devices, and peripherals.
o Importance: Hardware is essential because it allows software to run and perform
tasks. It determines the speed, storage capacity, and overall functionality of a
computer.
2. Four main categories of hardware components (4 Marks)
o Input Devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner) – Allow users to interact with the
computer.
o Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Processes instructions and manages system
operations.
o Storage Devices (RAM, ROM, HDD, SSD) – Store data temporarily or
permanently.
o Output Devices (monitor, printer, speakers) – Display or output information from
the computer.
3. Difference between input and output devices with three examples of each (3 Marks)
o Input Devices: Used to send data to the computer. Examples:
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
o Output Devices: Display or produce the result of computer operations. Examples:
Monitor
Printer
Speakers
4. Difference between primary memory (RAM, ROM) and secondary storage (HDD,
SSD, Flash Drive) (3 Marks)
o Primary Memory (RAM, ROM):
RAM (Random Access Memory) stores temporary data for fast access.
ROM (Read-Only Memory) contains permanent system instructions (e.g.,
firmware).
o Secondary Storage (HDD, SSD, Flash Drive):
HDD (Hard Disk Drive) and SSD (Solid State Drive) store data
permanently.
Flash drives are portable storage devices used for quick data transfer.
5. How hardware advancements have improved computer performance (3 Marks)
o Faster processors (e.g., multi-core CPUs) allow better multitasking.
o SSDs provide faster data access compared to HDDs, reducing boot and load
times.
o Improved GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) enhance gaming, AI, and machine
learning applications.
Section 2: Computer Software (15 Marks)
1. Define computer software and distinguish between system software and application
software (4 Marks)
o Definition: Software is a collection of programs and instructions that control a
computer's operation and allow users to perform tasks.
o System Software: Manages hardware and provides a platform for running
applications (e.g., Windows, Linux, macOS).
o Application Software: Designed for specific user tasks (e.g., Microsoft Word,
Adobe Photoshop).
2. Functions of an operating system (OS) and three examples (3 Marks)
o Functions:
Manages hardware and software resources
Controls memory and processing tasks
Provides user interfaces (e.g., GUI, command line)
o Examples:
Windows
macOS
Linux
3. Importance of utility software with two examples (3 Marks)
o Utility software helps maintain and optimize computer performance.
o Examples:
Antivirus software (e.g., Avast) – Protects against malware.
Disk cleanup tools (e.g., CCleaner) – Removes unnecessary files.
4. Role of drivers and why they are necessary (2 Marks)
o Drivers are software components that allow the operating system to communicate
with hardware devices.
o Without drivers, devices like printers, graphics cards, and keyboards wouldn't
function properly.
5. Compare open-source and proprietary software with two examples of each (3
Marks)
o Open-Source Software: Free to use and modify. Examples:
Linux
LibreOffice
o Proprietary Software: Paid software with restricted modifications. Examples:
Microsoft Windows
Adobe Photoshop
Section 3: Printers (10 Marks)
1. What is a printer and why is it an essential output device? (2 Marks)
o Definition: A printer is a device that converts digital documents into physical
copies on paper.
o Importance: Essential for offices, schools, and businesses for creating
documents, invoices, and reports.
2. Three types of printers (Inkjet, Laser, Dot Matrix) and their
advantages/disadvantages (6 Marks)
Printer Type Advantages Disadvantages
Inkjet Affordable, good color quality Slow, high ink cost
Laser Fast, cost-efficient for large volumes High initial cost
Dot Matrix Durable, good for receipts/invoices Noisy, low-quality prints
3. Factors to consider when choosing a printer for business use (2 Marks)
o Printing speed and capacity
o Cost per page
o Connectivity options (WiFi, network, USB)
o Maintenance costs and lifespan
Bonus Question (Optional – 5 Marks): 3D Printing and Its
Impact on Industries
Definition: 3D printing is an additive manufacturing process where objects are created
layer by layer using materials like plastic, metal, or resin.
Impact on industries:
o Healthcare: Production of prosthetics and implants.
o Aerospace: Manufacturing lightweight aircraft components.
o Construction: 3D-printed houses and buildings.
o Automotive: Rapid prototyping of vehicle parts.
