IMAGE PRODUCTION & EVALUATION

CLOSE-DOOR DECEMBER 2022

1. What development agent helps to provide variety of blackness?

Hydroquinone

2. . What device is used to evaluate the sensitometric for sensitometric test?

SENSITOMETER

3. What do you call the invisible charge in radiographic film that is caused by light or x-
radiation?
Exposure

4. It only transmits light having a wavelength longer than about 600 nm?
Red

5. Aerial oxidation is controlled by the

preservative

6. Which of the following primarily increases scatter radiation

decrease field size

7. Which of the following does not affect the speed of intensifying screen?
composition of silver halide crystals

8. When producing comperable radiograph which of the following combination will result in the
shortest scale of contrast
Low kVp and Low ratio grid

9. Which causes silver sulfite stain on the film that is inadequate washing?
Hypo

10.A radiograph demonstrates a numerous number of similar differences is often describe

as?
Long scale contrast

11.Increasing the OFD will magnify the image and increase the?
Contrast

12.When going from medium speed to fast screen speed. There will be a decrease in a
necessary amount of exposure and?
increase detail

13. Misrepresentation of the image size is called

Foreshortening
Elongation
Magnification
Distortion

14. The long-scale radiographic contrast procedures

-A small difference between adjacent densities
-Many shades of gray

15. Which of the following terms best describe the ability of a screen material to describe x-
ray energy
Screen speed
16. Which of the AT processing chemical is responsible for creating optical densities up to 1.2
on a diagnosis image
Phenidone

17. Which of the following materials are used in the construction of dryer roller?
Phenolic resin

18. Hydroxide ions (OH-) 1/10,000 of a molar of a liquid would have which of the following pH
values
4

19. Which of the following terms BEST describes a device designed to provide precise,
reproducible and graded light exposures to a film?
Sensitometer

20. WALAY 20 SA CLOSE DOOR WUHAHAHA

21.Temperature variations in cold waters automatic processor are often related to changes in
which of the following variables?
Temperature drying section

22. Where there is an decrease of density in radiography, the following possible problem :
Fixer oxidized
Processor running to fast
Development under replenishment

23. Brown stain in radiograph is due to :

Inadequate washing

24. Density in radiograph is the

Overall blackness of radiograph

25. The ability of the radiographic film to produce a certain level of image contrast.
Film Contrast

26. The main purpose of the intensifying screen is to:

Reduce patient dose

27. What chemical in radiographic film Contrast to unexposed silver halide crystal during AT
processing?
Ammonium Thiosulfate

28.The fixed kVp radiographic technique chart is the commonly used and usually requires
higher kVp. What is the benefit of this technique?
Lower patient dose

29. Which of the following is the latent image center for radiographic film?
Sensitivity Speck

30. Which of the following describes a film’s sensitivity to x-ray or light?

Speed

31.The ability to emit light when stimulated by x-ray is known to be

Fluorescence

32. When there is a significant increase in collimation

kVp should be decrease
33. For dual phosphor, dual emulsion systems. It is important that the light from the top of the
screen will not penetrate to the base of the film and expose the bottom of the emulsion. This
phenomenon
Halanation

34. Grid ratio is defined as the

The height of lead strips to the distance between them

35. A warped cassette results in

Blurring in radiographic film

36. Grid cut off, regardless of the cause, It is most recognizable in the film radiograph as
reduced in
density

37. The air gap technique uses an increased _______ instead of a grid.
OID

38. Arthur Fuchs developed a method of selecting exposure factors. What is the radiographic
technique chart developed by Fuchs that produces a longer scale of contrast?
Fixed kVp radiographic technique

39. Which of the following would maintain density to the image receptor when the kVp is
decreased by 15%?
Double the mAs

40. Without exposure technique compensation, increasing the OID by 4" for a knee film image
would:
increase distortion, decrease density

41. A quality image is produced using 80kVp at 10 mAs with as 6:1 ratio grid. Calculate the
change in exposure technique when changing to a 12:1 ratio grid.
80kVp at 17 mAs

42. A radiographic film image with many densities but little difference among them is said to
have:
a low contrast

43. It attributes of the radiographic image that affects the visibility of sharpness is
Distortion

44. Increase Kvp will results in ____

X ray beam with higher energy

45. The intensity of the x-ray beam is lesser

On the Anode side of the beam

46. Density fluctuation on a radiograph image could be a result of

artifacts

47. W/ all other factors are constant removing a grid would result in the film speed would
result in the film image displaying
increase density
poor density difference

48. W/ all other factors are constant increase the film screen speed would result in the
image displaying
increase density
increase blur
49. If 10 mAs is used w/ a 500 speed film screen system To produced optical image how
much the mAs will produce the same density with 100 speed film screen?
5

50. Which if the ff. solution are responsible for reducing the expose SHC to black metallic
silver manual processing?
Hydroquinone

51. The chemical responsible for maintaining the alkalinity of the developer sol. is?
Sodium carbonate

52. An spatial density of 1.0 indicate that __ light was transmitted?

10%

53. What type of expo. Technique system uses a fixed mAs regardless of part thickness
variable kVp

54. The ff. w/c is most important when using technique chart?
the part is measure accuracy

55. What is an advantage of fixed kVp technique chart?

it reduces patient dose

56. What is a disadvantage of variable kVp technique chart?

it produces low image contrast

57. A radiographic made using an 16:1 ratio bucky. The resulting film shows longitudinal
streaks of an even densities. These are probably caused by the;
BUCKY moving unevenly during exposure

58. An easily observable difference between x-ray film and regular radiographic film is the
thickness and rigidly of the base

59. Motion unsharpness, controlled primary by;

suspended respiration
decrease time exposure
increase film speed/screen system

60. Under what environmental condition should radiographic film be stored?

temperature between 50-70°F and relative humidity between 40-60%

61. Safelight filters are chosen based on the

Film Sensitivity

62.The type of silver recovery unit that uses an electrically charged drum to attract the silver
is called a(n)
Electrolytic

63.What term is defined as a measurement of the amount of light transmitted through the film.
Optical density

64.Why is the radiographic film base blue?

So that the viewing of the image is more pleasant

65.When the SID increase, what will be the degree of blackening of the film
Decrease

66.Artifact that occurs in dirty intensifying screens

White spot mark
67. What happens usually when you use water house in mixing up processing solutions?
External Oxidation

68. The PH scale is used to expressed degree of Solution

- Acidity
- Alkalinity

69. Short Scale contrast is also known

High degree contrast

70. Greatest Enemy of recorded detail is the

Motion blur

71. The perfect Radiograph will have maximum

Definition
Visibility of detail

72. The metal device place in the path of beam to remove low energy of radiation
Filter

73. Wrist joint examination requires 40 machine constant and thickness measures 5cm what
will be the kvp
50

74. Which of the following is not characteristic in selecting radiographic film

light emission

75.Which of the following are essential elements of quality control program

Performance evaluation
Error correction

76. A 15% increase in kilovoltage cause a doubling of exposure to the film. a 15% decrease in
kilovoltage cause a halving of exposure to the film is rule somewhat accurate within how
many range in kvp
60-100 kvp

77. Which of the factor principally degrades visualization of the flow contrast structure on a
properly exposed radiography
patient motion

78. If we wish to double the density of the film we can

double the kvp factor

79. What is an indication of the precise wavelength of light emitted by t

phosphorescence

80. When producing comparable radiographs, which of the

highest blacking?
high kVp and high ratio grids

81. What is the most common results inadequate washing?

excess hyporetention

82Which of the following theoris best discribe photographic effect

Gurney mott

83 Which of the following artifacts is most likely to accur before processing?

a small blur in an otherwise sharp radiograph
84.Which of the following is identified as a handling artifact
Kink marks

85. Density change should affect by changing the

OFD
mAs
MAXIMUM VOLTAGE

86. To alter the density but not change the contrast scale, we may elect to change the:
MILLIAMPERES

87. The use of Intensifying screen as a result of a decrease in exposure by the factor of it at
least:
10 TIMES LESS RADIATION

88. The device grid is:

PLACE BETWEEN THE PATIENT

89. The Geometric Unsharpness is referred as:

BLURRING

90. The supplemental density that covers the radiographic film:

ARTIFACTS

91. All of the ff are related to recorded detail EXCEPT

motion

92. Which of the ff has an effect on distortion

Source to image distance
Angulation of the Tube
Angulation of the part

93. How is Source to image distance related to exposure rate and image density?
As source to image distance increases, exposure rate decreases, and image density
decreases

94. An exposure was made using 200mA, 50ms exposure, and 75 kv. Each of the ff changes
will affect double radiographic density, EXCEPT:
Change to 86 kV

95. An xray image that exhibits many shades of gray from white to black may be described as
having
Long scale contrast

96. Which of the ff has been employed as a film base?

Cellulose nitrate

97. A common compound that is used in both developer and fixer.

Sodium Carbonate

98. as the thickness in the active layer of the intensifying screen increase the image becomes
sharper

99. The size and shape of SHC are not perfect, and the cause of this imperfection is a
chemical contaminant. What is the name given to this chemical contaminant?
Sensitive Center

100. In the proper design and use of radiographic cassette.

The first cover should be made of lower-Z material to minimize x-ray attenuation.
101. What system keeps the solution at proper strength and extends it's life.
Replenishment

102. Gadolinium and Lanthanum compounds are?

High speed Earth phosphors

103. Type of dental film used in the examinatiom of the entire mouth is?
Panoramic

104. Guide shoe is a component of

Automatic processor

105. For maximum speed and contrast, film in 68˚ F developer should be developed about?
5 minutes

106. What do you call the room that devoids all white light in which the processing cycle of the
exposed x-ray film takes place?
Darkroom

107. Regular rare earth screen use ___.

400 speed

108. Principally contributes to the increase speed of rare earth screen

Phosphor thickness

109. The average replenishment rate for fixer is approximately

100-110cc/film

110. In which of the following view is the intra-oral film used

Mandibular symphysis

111. Which of the following refers to the distribution of size and shape of silver halide grains
on the emulsion
Resolution

112. Which type of sensythized artifacts produce multiple branches of dark lines?
Tree static

113. Short-scale is defined by

More contrast

114. When discussing intensifying screen, which of the following is true?

They both phosphorescence and luminescence

115. The average developer immersion time in an automatic 90 seconds processor is _ sec.
20

116. The developing time for screen type film at 72 degree should be __ mins
4

117. Does not include in replenishment system

Heat exhanger

118. The intensifying screen use the chemical phosphor known as

Calcium tungstate

119. The fog level of unexposed film is approximately how many mR

0.5
120. Total blackening of the finished radiograph
Density

121. Remnant xrays are those that

exit the patient

122.What chemical is ceasing the reduction during automatic processor?

POTASSIUM BROMIDE

123. Automatic processor operates at 90-95 ̊ F, what is the room temperature conducted in
manual processing?
68 ̊ F

124. What is the four basic components of an intensifying screen?

BASE, REFLECTIVE LAYER, PHOSPHOR LAYER AND PROTECTIVE COAT

125. The most factor which which affect film sensitometry includes
I. TIME DEVELOPER
II. TEMPERATURE OF DEVELOPER
III. ACTIVITY OF DEVELOPER

Ans: I, II AND III

126. This indicates the temperature within the processing tanks.

DISPLAY THERMOMETER

127. Which of the following functions to provide mechanical support for silver halide crystals
by holding them uniformly dispersed in place?
GELATIN

128. Poor film screen contact result in ___________________

DECREASED DEFINITION

129. In the automatic processor, the time that film is immersed in the developer is
approximately _______ seconds.
20

130. A common base of contemporary x-ray film is

POLYESTER

131. In the manufacture of radiographic film;

DIRECT EXPOSURE FILM CONTAINS A THICKER EMULSION LAYER WITH MORE
SILVER HALIDE CRYSTALS THAN SCREEN FILM.

132. Two basic parts of radiographic film

Base and emulsion

133. The supercoating usually consists of

GELATIN

134. Dimensional stability is the property of maintaining the size and shape of the
BASE

135. What type of imperfection where chemical impurity serves to trap electron to begin the
latent image center?
SENSITIVITY SPECK

136. Compared with calcium tungstate screens, rare earth screens

HIGHER X-RAY ABSORPTION IN THE DIAGNOSTIC RANGE
137. Three of the following are factors that determine the activity of the developer solution
and one is not. Select the factor that does not determine the developer activity.
Chemical in the development

138. What is the time and temperature required for developing the film in an automatic
processor?
85˚ FOR 20 SECONDS

139. The purpose of the wetting agent

Soften the emulsion

140. Which is a very good vehicle for silver compound?

Gelatin

141. Why is a high kV technique (above 90kv) recommended for GI studies?

It gives greater detail for contrast medium

142. Cathode side will always have

Greater penumbra
Greater xray intensity projected

143. Which of the following is the simplest type of grid?

Linear

144. The simple mechanical factor that does the most control to the radiographic detail
Kilovoltage

145. An increase in filtration from 1 mm Al to 3mm Al will reduce the beam exposure tube
output?
1/10

146. As a general rule, grid should be used in radiographing body parts.

Greater than 12cm

147. When performing dry cast as general rule kilovoltage should be increased
10kV

148. Size distortion will increase when

OID increased
Focus film distance decreased

149. Simplest among the beam restricting devices.

Radiographic Cone

150. A radiograph is made at 65kVp and 25mAs without a grid. If an 8:1 ratio grid is added
that mAs required would be.
100

151. A potter bucky diaphragm is known as

a grid in motion during exposure

152. Which of the following conditions will require decrease in normal exposure factors to
properly penetrate the part
Atrophy

153. The field size increased, scatter radiation ___

Increase
154. Properly design, light localizing, variable aperture diaphragm
Requires light failed xray beam coincidence

155. A radiograph exposure with a complete lack of penumbra would be called

Sharp in detail

156. For an exposure of pediatric pre-school age groups, mAs should be __

Decrease by 25

157. In which of the following examinations is the anode heel effect an important
consideration?
Femur

158.Temperature of dry compartment of automatic processor can be regulated

57 degree C

159.It is placed far from the film cassette provides the constant variation of subject contrast
required for quantitative sensitometry
Step wedge filter

160.When an intensifying screen continues to glow after the xray exposure has ended, the
screen is said to possessed.
LAG

161. As decreased in the Kv from 50 to 40 will produce

will increase latitude, loss px penetration, shorter wavelenth

162.which technique would produce a film with lesser intensity

400 mA, 1/4s, 84kvp, slow-speed screen

163. what is the negative effect of air gap technique?

increase patient dose

164. if a xray tube uses a small focal spot size the penumbra will
decrease

165. which of the following radiographic technique will produce a radiograph with a long scale
of contrast
200 mA, 1/4 sec, 85 kVp

166. average gradient refers to

slope of the curve

167. which of the following will not affect the object contrast
object shape

168. which of the following will most help back scatter attenuation
lead foil cassette backing

169. A device used to minimize the secondary radiation within the patient’s body.
Collimator
Cone
Diaphragm

170. The presence of ascites will result is an ___

Increase of scatter radiation

171. A radiograph is made using 8:1 grid. If a 16:1 grid replaces the original 8:1 grid. To
maintain the density, we need to ___
Decrease the amount of radiation
172. Which of the radiographic techniques would produce the GREATEST amount of
photons.
Ans: 400 mA , ¾ sec

173. An x-ray machine that is properly calibrated will guarantee a duplication of radiographic
density with a technique 100mAs, ½ sec. And a technique of
Ans: 200mA, ½ sec

174. When a technologist is radiographing a PA chest, using an air-gap technique. Which of

the following will NOT be need?
Ans: A high ratio grid

175. This refers to the ability of the radiographic film to provide a certain level of image
contrast.
Ans: Latitude, Speed

176. This refers to the principal purpose of gelatin in the emulsion

Ans: Supports silver halide uniformity

177. Which of the properties of the silver halide is most important in the formation of latent
image
Ans: Atomic Number

178. Xray film is sensitive to

Ans: Xray and Gamma ray and visible light

179. The crossover rack/assembly is located:

Ans: At the top of the vertical rack assembly

180. What is the function of the transport system?

Ans: To move the film through various systems

181. Type of film used in mammography

-Cardboard Emulsion

182. Which of the following grid type should be used so that the xray may be angled along the
length of grid without cut-off?
-Focused

183.Which of the following are the distinct pattern of static artifacts?

- TREE, CROWN, AND SMUDGE

184. What is the Chemical that can absorb x-ray

ray photons are:
-Phosphor

185.What is the color of radiographic film base to minimize the effect

of ambient light passing through large unexposed areas of the
radiograph?
-Tinted Blue

186. What will be the effect of increasing the intensifying screen thickness
-Improve Detective Efficiency
-Improve Screen Speed

187. When was the first roller transport processor made commercially available by the
Eastman Kodak Company?
Ans. Early 1950s
188. Orthochromatic emulsion are sensitive to wavelength
Ans. Less than 620nm

189. To properly develop a film manually, the radiographer must allow an established _
method
Ans. Time and temperature

190.What chemistry acts as a buffer and source of alkali?

-Hydroxide

191. What is the principal reason for double exposure?

-wrong patient instruction

192. Phosphors are converters and this conversion is/are called?

-luminescence
-fluorescence

193. The thickness of the radiographic film base is approximately _ um

150-300

194. What part of the cassette prevents light leakage

locks

195. Which of the following artifacts appears brush-like or three-like

static

196. A double film emulsion contains

Higher contrast

197. Which of the following does NOT cause a light fog

Safelight bulb wattage too low

198. Quantum mottle refers to

-The source of noise in the image
-It is caused when too low x-ray photons ont eh IR
-Salt and pepper appearance

199. Who develop the variable kVp system

-Arthur Fuchs

200. The principal reason why radiographic intensifying screen is used:

-reduce patient radiation exposure

201. The invisible image is composed of:

-Metallic silver grains

202. Which of the following is NOT classified as artifacts

-Location

203. Which of the following is preventing the reduction of unexposed emulsion

- NaCO3

204. Unwanted markings of a radiograph that are darker than the surrounding image are
called:
-Artifacts

205. Which type of error results in grid cutoff of the periphery of the radiographic image?
Off-center
206. When sodium sulphite is used in an xray processing chemical, it is a
Preservative

207. Radiation sensitive film has the following composition

Ag3

208. What is the common cause of contamination of the solution?

Splashing

209. The other term for green sensitive film is

Orthochromatic film

210. If the xray is partially absorbed, an interaction is called as

photoelectric

211. The invisible image that is produced in the film emulsion by exposure to light or x-ray is
called
Ans: latent image

212. To remove the algae in the processing tank, required a filter of _____.
Ans: 10 micron

213. Too much density is caused by _____.

Ans: overexposure

214. Which of the following is thinner than 5 um?.

Ans: Emulsion

215. The three-in-one master roller is part of a:.

Ans: Turnaround assembly

216. The most common reason for contaminated developer is:

Ans: Mixing fixer in the development tank

217. What caused of kink marks

ANS: Rough Handling

218. An x-ray intensifying screen is composed of all of the following except:

ANS: An emulsion layer

219. When the film passes through the fixing tank and wash tank it’s sees through the
ANS: Receiving Bin

220. Panchromatic emulsion is sensitive to all of which of the following wavelengths

ANS: Whole Vision spectrum

221. What type of grain are used in most radiographic films?

ANS: Tabular

222. Which of the following ingredients is not commonly found in the film emulation?
ANS: Silver Nitrate

223. Which of the does NOT apply when you compare the base of polyester and base
cellulose triacetate
Ans: Thicker

224. Without the hardener the emulsion becomes so soft then it will cause:
Ans: All of the choices
225. Which of the following does NOT influence the basic fog level of the radiographic film
Ans: Film speed

226. What is the cause of film abrasion?

Ans: Dirty rollers

227. The condition of osteolysis would require:

Ans: - the use of larger focal spot
- a decrease in exposure factors
-the utilization of high ratio grid

228. 350 mA and 120ms providing

Ans: 42mAs

229. When using bucky grid with focused grid, if the lateral edges of the film loses density it is
the indicator the the
Ans. Tube is not perpendicular to the grid

230. Type of that is not grid placement error

Ans. Air-gap grid

231. It is included in three major classifications of moving grid

Ans. Reciprocating grid

232. Which of the following condition is not related to high incidence of penumbra
Ans. High mAs

233. Which of the following density reading takes from densitometer is out of the acceptable
diagnostic range.
Ans. 3.0 density unit

234. A decrease in kilovoltage is required for

Ans. Osteomalacia

235. Grid frequency is defined as

Ans: number of lead strips per centimeter

236. Which of the following will cause a disadvantage of moving grid to stationary grid?
Ans: increase effective focal spot

237. Which of the following has an effect on the production of secondary and scattered
radiation?
Ans: * Thickness of part being x-ray
*density of tissue being x ray
*kilovoltage

238. Definition is directly influenced by

Ans: OFD

239. When from a medium speed to high speed screen, there will be a decrease in the
necessary amount of exposure and
Ans: increase detail

240. An increase in film density will result in an increase of

Ans: mAs
241. Poor Storage and Handling practices will result to fog include
Ans: Outdated Film
Exposure to excessive temperature
Exposure to chemical fumes

242. When proper radiographic detail cannot be obtained because of excessive OFD, What
radiographic technique may be used to improve detail?
Ans:Increase Focal-Film Distance

243.Increase focal film distance would primarily decrease

Ans: DENSITY

244.Density in the radiograph

Ans: Overall blackness on the radiograph

245. A chest supine taken 40 inches, SID will demonstrate

Ans: A large heart size

246. Grid measure 15 seconds in width, with 32 Grid frequency. How many strips are there in
this total width.
Ans: 480

247. Unabsorbed radiation is also called

Ans: scattered

248. To convert single-phase to three exposure factor, mAs should be

Ans: Tripled

249. The kV required to penetrate the adult skull adequately

Ans: 65 kV

250. Effective method in controlling motion includes

Ans. - careful explanation of the procedure to the patient
-Restraining device

251. Which of the following radiographic techniques would produce a radiograph with the
shortest scale of contrast
Ans: 100ma,3/5sec,74Kv,6:1grid,6 inch OFD

252. Other new benefits of using Intensifying screen

i. reduce output requirements of xray system
ii. Shorter exposure time and motion artifacts are reduced
iii. reduced dose equivalent value
Ans: i, ii & iii

253. Which of the ff does not affect image sharpness or recorded detail?
Ans. KILOVOLTAGE

254. Compared with a small focal spot, advantage of using large focal spot is?
Ans. FASTER IMAGE RECEPTOR CAN BE USED

255. Which of the ff is a controlling factor in minimizing distortion?

Ans. OFD

256. Beam quality is primarily controlled by.

Ans. KILOVOLTAGE

257. Focal spot size selection is most critical during.

Ans. MAGNIFICATION RADIOGRAPHY
258. Which type of grid that has lead liner running along in only one direction.
Ans. LINEAR

259.The primary purpose of a filter used in diagnostic xray machine is,

-To reduce the skin dose

260.Which of the following BEST describe the primary radiation?

-Emerges from the tube reaches the patient

261.Which of the ff.grid types should be used so that xray tube may be angled along the cut
of the grid w/out cut off.
-Focused

262.Intensifying screen speed increases,therefore recorded detail decreases as _____.

-Phosphor size increases

263.A radiograph that demonstrates numerous shades of similar densities is referred to as a

type with_____.
-Long scale contrast

264.Image noise can be affected by which of the following,

-xray quantity
-limited absorption efficiency
.
265. To prevent unecessary xray exposure of the patient grid technique changes should be
limited primarily to
- Changes In mA

266. Which of the following exert the greatest control of radiographic definition?
-size of the tube focal spot

267.The radiographed should be repeated when some areas appear blurred and others
appear sharp. The technologist should adjust to which of the following in order to obtain a
uniform sharp appearance?
-using smaller focal spot

268. Average conversion efficiency of rare earth

-15%

269. The limitation of these aperture diaphragm beam restricting device that allows expose an
area
-varries according to patient size

270.The Useful range of density for diagnostic radiographic film would range from
-0.4-2.75 density units

271. Ideal combination for best contrast and latitude (sabta nlang ninyo)
-a screen film with a intensifying film and non screen film

272.Wedge filter is used to

-compare varying tissue of density

273.Close collimation is help to control

-radiographic fog

274.Wavelength of xray beam is determined by

-voltage differential of anode and cathode
275.Which of the following choices where in the technologist has a direct control to the
voluntary motion of the patient?
- Explain and demonstrate what needs to be done
- Use of any immobilization devices
- Explain the procedure to the patient

276.Which of the following is usually thinner than 5 um

-supercoating

277. Which of the following is the principal component of the radiographic emulsion?
Ans: Silver bromide

278. Compared with screen film, film that is manufactured for direct xray exposure
Ans : Has Thicker emulsion

279. which of the following has the highest atomic number

Ans: tungsten

280. the term sensitivity speck refers to

Ans: an emulsion contaminant

281. The latent image is actually formed in the

Ans: silver halide crytals

282. During photographic process metallic silver accumulates at

Ans: the sensitivity speck

283. The latent image at the crystal level ____.

Ans: Is a collection of silver atoms

284. The term latent image actually refers to ____.

Ans: Undeveloped radiographic image

285. The sensitivity speck is usually silver ____.

Ans: Sulfide

286. The manufacture of the emulsion, which of the following molecules is particularly light
sensitive?
Ans: AgBr

287. When processing, the latent image becomes a(an) _____ image.
Ans: Manifest

288. What do we call the radiation exiting the patient that is responsible for latent image
formation?
Ans: Remnant or exit rad.

289.Given only one atom of each of the following, which is most likely to be involved with xray
interaction
-Iodine

290.Ion is an atom
-That is not electrically neutral

291.The intestiall atom is a crystal that have silver halide include.

-Sodium,bromide,Iodine

292.Following irradiation, a secondary electron will most likely interact with silver ion to form a
job
-Silver atom
293.What happen at the sensitivity specks
-Secondary electrons are trapped there

294. The formation of a latent image follows interactions with the emulsion
-Photoelectric

295. If one observed the film immediately after exposure what is seen
- Nothing

296. In silver halide silver which of the following is missing electron

- Silver

297. The most commonly unemployed radiologic image receptor

- Screen film

298. Which of the following is not at characteristic the technologist should consider selecting
film.
-Light Emission

299. The contrast radiographic film

- Is inversely proportional to its latitude

300. The spectra response of the emulsion refers to its

- Absorption of visible light

301. Reticulation is the result of

-gross difference in temperature between solutions

302. What is the flexible support of the emulsion

-Base

303. Non-flammable polyester is also known as

- film base

304. Which of the following are considered to be radio transparent

- carbon dioxide
-Air

305. Quantum detection efficiency is also referred as the

- xray absorption

306. Starter solution is composed of

-Potassium bromide

307. Increase film speed by using large crystal or higher concentration of crystal is called film
__
-Density

308. Most common method of silver recovery used radiography

- Electrolytic Method

309.The Transport system of Automaitc film processer

- Moves the film through the processor at controlled speed
- provides squeegee action to remove excess solution from surface of film

310.The Total thickness of typical intensifying screen is___ mils.

- 15
311. Special viewing screen made of zinc cadium sulfide
- Fluorescence Screen

312. Which of the following part of processor quality control

- assess image reproducibility

313. The presence of restrainer inhibits

-Fogging

314. What replaces elon or metol as the functional for developing

-phenidone

315. The conversion of latent image to visible image

-Film processing

316. This determines the number of x-ray that interacts with the phosphor and determines the
efficiently are x-rays are converted to light
-Intensification factor

317. Which of the following is caused by abrupt bending of the film.

-Kink marks

318. Small amount of fixer, if splashed into the developing solution can render the developer
into
- Contaminated

319. When sodium carbonate is used as a processing chemical for x-ray films, as/an_____.
Ans. accelerator

320. Sodium carbonate serve as a/an_____.

Ans. Activator

321. A type of imperfection happens when a silver ion move out of its normal position in the
crystal lattice.
Ans. sensitivity speck

322. Which of the following reducing agent is/are commonly employed

Ans. Elon, Metol, Phenidone

323. Conversion of latent image to a metallic silver image is accomplished by?

Ans. development and fixation

324. What is the average diameter of the silver halide in the emulsion?
Ans. 1-2.0 microns

325. Which of the following solution should be added if the solution level is low?
Ans. replenisher

326. If xray is totally absorbed, its interaction is

Ans. photoelectric

327. Xero radiography is used primarily

Ans. mammography

328. What is the thickness of emulsion layer in inch

Ans. 0.0001

329. The basic constituent in a developer are

Ans. acceleration, Preservative and developing agent
330. Fast and slow film differ their silver halide crystal
Ans. size distribution

331. In order to provide increased concentration of solutions in an automatic processor, one

of the chemical ________.
Ans. Glutaraldehyde

332. Green sensitive film must be used with what screen?

Ans. Rare earth screen

333. Which of the following is NOT a function of the fixer.

Ans. Undeveloped silver halide crystals

334. When discussing intensifying screens, which one of the following statements is
CORRECT?
Ans. They both phosporence and fluorosence

335. Development temperature in an automatic processor should be checked ________.

Ans. Periodically throughout the working period

336. Which of the following tool is used to identify poor screen contact?
Ans. Wire mesh

337. Which of the following radiographic technique would produce the greatest quantity in
photons
Ans. 600ma, 2/5 sec

338. When radiographing the abdomen, which of the following would decrease the production
of scattered radiation
Ans. Proper collimation

339. Which of the following refers to the visibility and sharpness of an image?
Ans. Radiographic quality

340. A potter-bucky diaphragm and stationary grids are used to

Ans. Eliminate a large portion of secondary radiation

341. Which of the following values is the maximum variation allowed for the B+F in daily
sensitometric film
Ans. +0.15

342. What is the primary reason why blue tint is added to the base of the radiographic film
Ans. Improve Radiographic Contrast

343. The purpose of rinse bath is to_____

Ans: remove the developer

344. The relationship between the intensity of incident light falling on one side of a processed
film and the intensity of the light transmitted through the film is a measure of radiographic
Ans: Density

345. An increase of atleast 30% of mAs is required to produce significant increase in

Ans: detail

346. An increase of film density results from an increase in

Ans: mAs

347. Which of the following is the most opaque

Ans: Bone
348. When a technologist is radiographing a PA chest, using an air-gap technique which of
the following would used?
Ans: a 6-in OFD

349. Which of the following will have a dramatic effect on a radiographic contrast?
I.A CHANGE IN GRID RATIO
II. A CHANGE IN KILOVOLTAGE (15%)
III. A DECREASE IN FIELD SIZE

350. When long wavelength rays interact with thin body parts, the result will be
Ans. SHORT SCALE CONTRAST

351. What factors affect contrast?

Ans.Grid ratio
OFD
Focal Spot Size

352. A radiograph that demonstrate numerous shades of similar densities is referred to as

film with
Ans. LONG SCALE CONTRAST

353.Increasing the OFD will magnify the image and increase the
Ans. CONTRAST

354. When going from medium speed to a high screen, there will be a decrease in an amount
of exposure and
Ans. INCREASED DETAIL

355. The total difference between one densities and another constitute
- Radiographic contrast

356.. In order to produce 2x magnification of the cranium in lateral position with and FFD of
40in . What should be the OFD .
-20 inches

357. In order to overcome the magnification employing 6in OFD air gap in chest radiography
, one should be the FFD .
-84 inches

358.The Geometric Unsharpness (UG) of margins in radiographic image to as the

- Umbra

359.Which of the following is the method of producing motion and decreasing the fatty
effects .
- using a Compression Device

360. Which the following major cause of magnification ?

OFD

361. Which of the following conditions is unrelated to high incidence of penumbra

Ans. high kVp

362. Which of the following is the controlling factor or minimizing distortion

Ans. mA

363. Magnification distortion can be reduced by a decrease in

Ans. OFD

364. Penumbra can be lessened by increasing the

Ans. mAs
365. A supine chest taken in 40 SID will demonstrate
Ans. a larger heart size

366. Which of the following conditions is not related to high incidence of penumbra
Ans. Larger effective focal spot

367. Type of motion present seriously in an injured patiend is radiograph.

Ans. Involuntary

368. Detrimental to recorded detail

Ans. Non film screen

369. Smaller effective focal spot

Ans. Greater tube angulation.

370. Does not affect image sharpness or recorded detail

Ans. OID

371. Shorter exposure time increase

Ans. Fogging

373. Radiographic diffintion is lost when a film demonstrate excessive

-Motion

374. Which of the following Usually lost during a change of 100ma at h sec to 200MA at %
sec?
-Overall density

375. 300mA obtained usually by:

-450ma, 2/3sec
-1200ma, 25%
-600ma, 1/2sec

376. What combination of milliamperage and time would be ideal for an uncooperative and
irrational patient requiring a KUB?
-1000 mA, 1/100 sec

377. A technique of 200 mA, 3/20 sec, at 110 kVp can be properly converted to a technique of
100 mA, 94 kVp, at how many seconds?
- 3/10

378. An original technique of 200ma 1/2 sec and 75kv may be adjusted to 400mah, 80kV at.
how many sec?
-1/4 sec

379. If the milliamperage selector were set at 1000 mA, what exposure would be required to
produce 80 mAs?
-2/25 sec

380. Which of the following techniques would produce the greatest amount of radiographic
density?
-300mA, 2/5 sec

381.A technique of 100 mA, ½ sec convert to an equivalent mAs at 500 mA, 2 sec at how
many kilovolts to maintain the density?
-92 kV

382. Which technique would be produce most Density?

-400mA, 3/20 sec
383. At which of the following exposure time does 200 mA at ½ sec convert to an equivalent
mAs at 500 mA?
-⅕ sec

384. Which of the following is not a factor of controlling the exposure rate of an x-ray beam?
--Filtration

385. If the miliamperage was set at 300, and the mAs produced 15, the exposure time would
be.
Ans. 1/20 sec

386. If the kilovoltage were at 46kV, how much of a minimum change would have to occur in
order to produce an increase in density?
Ans. 7kV

387. To convert, maintaining the same density, the technique of non grid 600 mAs, 70kVp,
80-in FFD 6:1 grid, 22.5 mAs, 40-in FFD, how many kilovolts would be required?
Ans. 80 kV

388. If the standard are 300mA, 1/20sec, 80kV the adjustment should be 75mA, 1/5sec, and
how many kilovolts?
Ans. 80kV

389. The air-gap technique improves

Ans. edge gradient

390. If the standard are 100mA, 1/5sec, 80kv the adjustment should be 80mA, 1/20sec. And
how many kilovolts?
Ans. 92kV

391. If the milliamperage were reduced from 200 mA to 100 mA. The kilovoltage could be
increase to maintain the same density from 100 kV to.
•115 kV

392. A lateral cervical spine is radiograped at 100 mA, 1/2 sec, 70 kV. If the kV was reduced
at 65, what is the new exposure time is required to maintain the same density?
•1/4

393. The density of a radiograph can be doubled by

• Increasing the kV by 15 %

394. To maintain the same density, a technique of 250 mAs at 78 kV can be properly
converted to 90kV at how many mAs?
• 125 mAs

395. A technique of 100 mA , 1/2 sec. at 80 kv is converted to 100 mA , 1/8 sec. In order to
maintain the same density, what would be the new kVp?
• 92 kV

396. The original exposure factors are 200 ma, 86

kv and 1/2 s, what would be the new exposure
time if the kilovoltage is reduced to 80?
•1/4 s

397. A radiographic of 200mA, ⅕ sec @ 80kV could be properly converted to 100mA, 1/20
sec
Ans: 70kV
398. An exposure taken in 20 mA, 80 kV @ 72 inches demonstrate a satisfactory radiograph.
What new mAs would be needed if the kilovoltage ramained at_ but was reduced by
Ans: 8 mAs

399. As satisfactory radiograph is taken of a cervical spine with 20 mAs, 70kV at 72 inches
FFD. What would be the nearest distance needed in order to maintain the same density if the
kilovaltage was change to 65?
Ans: 48 inches FFD

400. Quantum mottle would most likely occurs with the use of
Ans: Rare Earth Screens

401. The major source of scatter radiation occurs in the

Ans: Patient

402. Which type of grid should be used to maintain contrast when using 125-150 kV?
Ans: 8:1

403. Which of the following body parts is usually radiographed table top?
Ans. Post reduction, 8 cm lateral elbow

404. Which of the ff would be most helpful in attenuation back scatter?

Ans. Low milliamperages and high kilovoltage techniques

405. Which of the ff. devices are employed to reduce patient exposure to x-rays?
Ans.
1. Grid
2. Collimator
3. filters

406. A 16:1 grid compared to 8:1 will

Ans. Absorb more soft rays

407. Which of the ff has a direct effect on the efficiency of a bucky grid in removing scattered
radiation?
Ans. Grid ratio

408. Unabsorbed radiation is also called

Ans. secondary
409: A grid has a lead strips 0.25mm apart and 4mm high will have a ratio of
Ans: 8:1

410: Which type of grids has lead lines running only in one direction.
Ans: Linear

411: Which of the following terms does not apply to the grid.
Ans: Amplitude

412: The use of a grid will protect the patient from?

Ans: Scatter Radiation.

413. Barium sulfate on the film surface of a cassette would cause an artifact that would
appear as a?
Ans: high density spot

414: Aluminum filtration modifies the xray beam by removing most of the?
Ans: shorterwavelength rays
415. An increase in filtration from 1 mm Al to 3mm Al with reduce the beam exposure tube
output?
Ans. 1/5

416. When non-screen film is used, the developing time is

Ans. Decreased by 2min

417. In order to prevent pressure mark the film should be stored in

Ans: at the end

418. An increase in filtration from 1 mm Al to 3mm Al with reduce the

Ans: 1/5

419. When non screen film is used, the developing time is.
Ans: decrease by 2 mins.

The silver halide halide latent image is produced by

Ans. Sodium sulphite

Manifest image is composed by

Ans. Sodium thiosulfite

420. Which of the following substances does not emit light when bombarded by electrons?
Ans: Barium platinocyanide

421. The visible image is composed of___?

Ans: Pottasium-bromide crystals

422. High speed film and intensifying screen enable the use of____.
Ans: Low mAs value

423. Poor screen film contact resulting in____?

Ans: Decrease Definition

424. What is the following active layer in the intensifying screen?

Ans: Calcium tungstate

425. The intensification factor of the screen in the film

Ans. Density

426. High relative humidity will decrease____.

Ans: Reticulation

427. Which of the following anatomic parts would attenuate the most radiation?
Ans: Psoas muscle

428. The hardener in the fixing solution is?

Ans: Potassium Hydroxide

429. Which of the following does not greatly affect imaging quality but is expensive?
Ans: Over replenishment of the fixer

430. What solution is carried over the top of the tanks into a wire to a drain?
Ans: Overflow

431. What system that keeps the solution at proper strength and extending solution life?
Ans: Replenishment

432. Which of the following does not include in replenishment system?

Ans: Heat exchangers
433. In the department without a central replenishment facility, the developer and fixer
replenishment tank up to how many gallons of each solution?
Ans: 50

434. What developing agent helps to provide upper scale density?

Ans: HYDROQUINONE

435. What developing agent helps to provide intermediate densities?

Ans: PHENIDONE

436. What agent is the activator helps in the developer or a source of alkali?
Ans: HYDROXIDE

437. What are the advisable time period change processing solutions in an automatic
processor?
Ans: EVERY THREE MONTHS

438 What device is used to evaluate the sensitometric reading from the processed image?
Ans: SENSITOMETER

439. What filter is available for photo-fluorographic and cinefluorography panchromatic films?
Ans: DARK GREEN

440. What artifacts caused by raised nick on roller scratching film as it passes by?
Ans: PI LINES

441. Substratum also refers to

Ans. Adhesive Material

442. If 100-speed intensifying screen were matched to 100-speed radiographic film the
system would be rated.
Ans. 100

443. Which of the following devices are employed to reduce patient exposure to x-rays.
I.GRIDS
II. COLLIMATORS
III. FILTERS
Ans: ALL OF THE ABOVE

444. A 16:1 grid compared to an 8:1 grid will

Ans: ABSORBED MORE SOFT X-RAY

445.what xray film usally dual emulsion is designed to be used in combination with
intensifying screen.
Ans. Medical Screen

446. what film respond to fluorescent light given off by an activated intensifying screen.
Ans. Intensifying screen

447.What is the ideal temperature of storage for fresh, unexposed radiographic film.
Ans. 60-80 degree Fahrenheit

448. What is the storage temperature of the radiographic film, after processing.
Ans. 90-95 degree Fahrenheit

449.What film using a film magazine that is preload to the darkroom prior to the angiographic
study
Ans. Multi cassette changer
450.If you measure the minimum size and shape between objects that can be visualized in
the final image is called
Ans. Line pairs per millimeter

451..Which of the following is a reducing agent?

-METOL

452. Which of the following ingredients in the fixer that function as a stop bath.
-THE ACTIVATOR

453. hypo retention refers to:

- THIOSULFATE LEFT IN THE EMULSION

454. Developing fog increases when which of the following is abnormally low in developer?
-POTASSIUM BROMIDE

455. The component in the developer that is most responsible for archival quality is?
- GLUTARALDEHYDE

456. A wetting agent used in automatic processor is usually

-WATER

457. The temperature of the wash water should be approximately

- 5 degrees F below the developer

458. Which of the following is sometimes used as a developing agent?

- Phenidone

459. A developer ingredient that controls pH is

- Sodium Carbonate

460. Which of the following will not be found in the developer?

- Clearing Agent

461. Which of the following will not be found in the fixer?

- Glutaraldehyde

462. One hardener

- Glutaraldehyde

463. Which of the following factors will always have an effect on recorded detail?
-Milliamperage

464. Afterglow is a property of the Intensifiying screen that? 64.

- Enhance at high Kvp

465. Low kVp produce the following:

high contrast
*few shade tone
*short scale of contrast

466. What cord use to describe ideal level of contrast that image should have.
* Optimum

467.the term "Direct Exposure" would indicate an

*Exposure without benefits in the intensifying screen

468. Which of the following is also known as subject contrast?

-*Anatomy
-*Pathology
469. What terms are widely standardize in conventional use and should pose no problem in
the student?
- Contrast density

470. Which is the relationship of the depth of the radiotransparent space between the lead
strips to its width:
- Grid ratio

471. To minimize blurring and unsharpness, what distance should be maximize.

-Source to image distance

472. Technical factor for cast and splints if fiber glass is being used?
-No change

473. Which of the following is NOT a heavy metal filter.

-Molydebnum

474. What is the most essential quality of the x-ray beam.

-Penetration

475. Which of the following is UNRELATED to recorded detail

- Amount of thermionic emission

476. What system that ensures uniform chemical distribution across the film and on solution
-Filtration

477. Which of the following curves always assumes some form of sigmoid shape?
Sensitometric
Characteristics
H&D

478. What is the principal characteristics of emulsion that makes it particularly radiation
sensitive
-Density

479. What is other term for detail clarity

-Resolution

480. As film screen system speed increase

-Radiographic density increases

481. Which of the following would not be included in the principal geometric factors affecting
radiographic quality?
Ans. Collimation

482. What law is used to compensate technique so the density is maintained when distance
changes?
Ans. Square Law

483. A very workable rule of thumb in this relationship is "Every 4 centimeters of thickness
affects" by what factor?
Ans. 4

484. Which of the following is the main determinant in selecting focal spot size?
Ans. Milliamperage

485. High spatial resolution is affected principally by which of the following?

Ans. Focal spot size
486. Radiographic elongation of a part is usually cause by _______
Ans. Tube elongation

487. What principle to evaluate the art and skill of a radiographer?

Ans: Exposure

488. Factor of a small boundless of energy.

Ans: Quanta

489. What factor affects density.

Ans: KVP

490. Which of the following factors used in the production of radiograph.

Ans: Size
Ability to Cooperate
Equipment limitation

491. The most common noise in radiography is fogging by a random radiation known as:
Ans: Primary

492. Penumbra is synonymous to

Ans: Blur

493. Which of the following is most radiolucent at interspace material

Ans. Paper Fiber

494. It is the ability of a material to emit light in response to excitation

Ans. Luminescence

495. Which of the following states that beveling the anode at angles steeper, or more than
vertical than 45 degrees will cause the effective focal spot to be smaller than usual focal spot.
Ans. Line focus principle

496. Any impairment, grossly or false information which obscure the useful detail an image
may be differ to as
Ans. Noise

497. What film is often referred to as being standard, medium or fast speed
Ans. Radiographic

498. The amount of light is emitted or scattered by a surface maybe referred to as

Ans. Luminance

499. The most practical form of silver reclamation for most diagnostic application is:
Ans: Metallic Replacement

500. Luminescence is a process:

Ans: That involves outer shell electrons