JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE

SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
1. (A,B,C,D) LG0146
Sol. (D) If a is rational & b is rational then x amny be rational
e.g. = 22
(C) ( 2) 4
(B) (2)log 23

(A) ( 2)log 29

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
2. (A,B,D ) LG0027
Sol.
(A) Clearly 71/7, (42)1/4 > 1
71/7 = 491/14 > 42 1/14
\ 71/7 > (42)1/14 > 1
(B) log35 > 0, log79 > 0, log1113 > 0
Þ log35.log79.log1113 > –2

®
( )
2
(C) 99 + 70 2 = 72 + 5 2 + 2.5 2.7

( )
2
= 7+5 2

( )
2
99 - 70 2 = 7 - 5 2

99 + 70 2 = 7 + 5 2 5 2 > 7

99 - 70 2 = 7 - 5 2 = 5 2 - 7

Þ 99 + 70 2 + 99 - 70 2 = 10 2

1 1 1
(D) + = loga b
log 4 3 log7 3 log b a
= log34 + log37 = log328 > log327 > 3
\ A,B,D are correct.

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
3. (A,B,C,D) LG0147
Sol. L.H.S. = log224.log296 – log2192 log212
= log2(23.3).log2(25.3) – log2(26.3)log2(22.3)
= (log223 + log23) (log225 + log23) – (log226 + log23) (log222 + log23)
= (3 + log23) (5 + log23) – (6 + log23) (2 + log23)
= 15 + 8 log23 + (log23)2 – 12 – 8log23 – (log23)2
= 3 = R.H.S.

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
4. (B,C ) LG0026

( log a ) + ( log b )
2 2
Sol. b a = 79

Þ ( logb a + loga b ) - 2 = 79
2

Þ logb a + log a b = ± 81

Þ logb a + loga b = ±9

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
5. (B,C) LG0028
1 1 1
Sol. Þ log ax + log x + log a 2 x = 0
a a2 a3

* use of properties of log.

®
( )
loga3 a 2 x = log a3 a 2 + log a3 x

2 1
= + log a x
3 3

1 2 3
Þ + + =0
1 + log a x loga x 2 + loga x
Let logax = t
1 2 3
Þ + + =0
1+ t t 2 + t

t ( 2 + t ) + 2 (1 + t )( 2 + t ) + t (1 + t ) 3
Þ =0
t (1 + t )( 2 + t )

Þ 6t2 + 11t + 4 = 0
4 1
t = - ,-
3 2

Þ x = a -4/3 , a -1/2

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
6. (A,C) LG0029
Sol. 5loga x + 5x logx 5.loga x = 3
Þ 5loga x + 5.5loga x = 3
Þ 6.5loga x = 3
1
Þ 5log a x =
2

®
æ1ö
Þ loga x = log5 ç ÷
è2ø

loga x = - log5 2

Þ x = a - log5 2
x = 2 - log5 a
log x 5
* log a 5 =
log x a
= logx5 logax
* a logc b = b logc a

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
7. (A,B,C,D) LG0031
Sol. Taking log to base 2
é3 5ù 1
Þ ê ( log2 x ) + log2 x - ú log 2 x =
2

ë4 4û 2
Let log2x = t
3 3 2 5 1
Þ t +t - t- =0

®
4 4 2
Þ 3t3 + 4t2 – 5t – 2 = 0
t = 1 satisfies (by hit and trial)
(t – 1) (3t2 + 7t + 2) = 0
ß
3t + 6t + t + 2 = 0
2

(3t + 1) (t + 2) = 0
1
Þ t = -2, -
3

1
Þ log2x = 1, – 2, -
3

x = 2,
{ 2 -2 , 2{
-1/3
Þ
Rational Irrational

Þ A,B,C,D

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
8. (A,B,C,D) LG0148
Sol. log x 16 + log 2x 64 = 3
2

4 6
Þ log x 2 + log 2x = 3
2 2

but log2 x = t
2 9
\ + =3
t 1+ t

®
Þ 3t2 – 5t – 2 = 0
Þ (3t + 1) (t – 2) =
1
Þ t=-
3

1
Þ log 2 x = -
3
Þ x = 2–1/3
1
Þ =
21/3
t=2
log2x = 2
x=4

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
9. (A,B,C,D) LG0149
é 9 ù
Sol. x êë(log
2
3 x) - log 3 x +5 ú
2 û
=3 3

Þ (log 3 x)3 - 9 log 3 x + 5 = log x 3 3

9 3
Þ (log 3 x) - log 3 x + 5 = log x 3
2

2 2

®
9 3
Let log3x = t Þ t - t + 5 = Þ 2t3 – 9t2 + 10t – 3 = 0
2

2 2t
t = 1 satisfies it
2t3 – 9t2 + 10t – 3 = 2t2(t – 1) – 7t(t – 1) + 3(t – 1) = (t – 1) (2t2 – 7t + 3) = (t – 1) (2t – 1) (t – 3) = 0
1
Þt=1 t= t=3
2

1
Þ log3x = 1 log 3 x = log3x = 3
2
Þ x = 3 x = 31/2 x = 27.

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
10. (A,D) LG0071
Sol. change to base of log to 'a'

æ log a c ö 9 log a c
Þ 2 ç log a c + ÷=
è log a b ø log a ( ab )

Þ let logab = t
2 9
Þ 2+ =

®
t 1+ t

2
Þ 2 + 2t + + 2 = 9
t

æ 1ö 5
Þ çt+ ÷ =
è t 2 ø

1
on solving we get t = 2 or
2
\ largest possible value = 2

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
11. (A,B,C,D) LG0040

2
æ ö
ç log ( x - 2 ) ÷ log ( x - 2 )
ç 2
÷ + 2
-2 =0
Sol. ç æ3ö ÷ æ3ö
ç log2 ç x ÷ ÷ log2 ç ÷
è è ø ø èxø

log2 ( x - 2 )

®
Let = a Þ a = –2 and 1
æ3ö
log2 ç ÷
èxø
Þ a2 + a – 2 = 0 Þ (a +2) (a – 1) = 0

Þ log 3 ( x - 2 ) = -2; log 3 ( x - 2 ) = 1

2
æxö 3
Þ ( x - 2) = ç ÷ , x - 2 =
è3ø x
Þ 9x– 18 = x2, x2 – 2x – 3 = 0
Þ x2 – 9x + 18 = 0, x = 3, x = –1
Þ x = 6,3, x = 3,–1
–1 is not in domain
Þ x1 = 6, x2 = 3
Þ x1 + x2 = 9

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
12. (A,B) LG0151
2
Sol. log3x + log3y = 2 + log32, log27(x + y) =
3
Þ log3xy = log3 9 + log32 Þ x + y = (27)2/3
Þ xy = 18, Þ x + y = 9
Þ x = 6 or x = 3
y = 3, y = 6
as x > 0, y > 0.

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
13. (C,D) LG0030
Sol. 2x + y = 6y Þ 2x = 3y
Þ x log2 = ylog3 ...(1)
Also 3 = 2
x–1 y+1

Þ (x – 1)log3 = (y + 1)log2
Þ xlog3 = ylog2 + log2 + log3 ...(2)
(2) + (1)
Þ x(log3 + log2) = y(log3 + log2) + log3 + log2

®
Þx–y=1

log 3 - log 2 æ3ö

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
14. (A,B ) LG0032
x
æ1ö
Sol. ç ÷ > 0 (always as ax > 0 for all a > 0)
è3ø
x
æ1ö
ç ÷ <2
è3ø
3–x < 2

®
Taking log to base '3'

( )
log3 3- x < log 3 2

- x < log3 2 Þ x > - log3 2

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 JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED) : NURTURE COURSE
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
Topic :LOGARITHM EXERCISE : O-2
15. (B,C ) LG0150
Sol. log23 > 1, log1210 < 1 Þ log23 > log12 10
log65 < 1, log78 > 1 Þ log65 < log78
log326 < 3, log29 > 3 Þ log326 < log29
log1615 < 1, log10 11 > 1Þlog1615 < log1011

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