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Encoding Scheme

The document discusses encoding schemes used to convert data into binary format for efficient storage and processing by computers. It outlines common encoding schemes such as ASCII, Extended ASCII, ISCII, Unicode, and UTF-8, detailing their bit usage and character support. Additionally, it highlights the significance of Unicode as a universal standard for representing all languages and symbols.

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77 views2 pages

Encoding Scheme

The document discusses encoding schemes used to convert data into binary format for efficient storage and processing by computers. It outlines common encoding schemes such as ASCII, Extended ASCII, ISCII, Unicode, and UTF-8, detailing their bit usage and character support. Additionally, it highlights the significance of Unicode as a universal standard for representing all languages and symbols.

Uploaded by

fegiyi4311
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class: XI

Chapter: Data Representation


Topic : Encoding Schemes

Encoding: Encoding means converting data into a specific format to be efficiently stored and
processed by a computer.

• Computers use binary (0s and 1s) to represent data.


• To store text, numbers, images, and sounds, we need encoding schemes that
convert this data into binary.

Common Encoding Schemes:

Encoding Scheme Bits Used Description


ASCII 7 bits Represents 128 English characters.
Extended ASCII 8 bits 256 characters, including special symbols.
ISCII 8 bits Indian Script Code for Information Interchange.
Unicode 8, 16, 32 bits Universal encoding for all scripts/languages
UTF-8 Variable (8-32) A popular Unicode format, used in web pages.
bits

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

• Uses 7 bits (128 values: 0–127)


• Only supports English alphabets, digits, and common symbols.

Example:

Character Decimal
A 65
Z 90
a 96
z 122
0 48
9 57

ISCII (Indian Script Code for Information Interchange)

• Developed in India to represent Indian languages like Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, etc.
• Uses 8 bits (supports 256 characters).
• Allows switching between Indian scripts using a script selection code.
• ISCII is backward-compatible with ASCII.
• It was an important step before India adopted Unicode for Indian scripts.
Unicode

• A universal standard that represents all languages and symbols.


• Characters are represented using unique code points like U+0905 (for अ in Hindi).
• Supports over 1 lakh characters.

Variants of Unicode:

• UTF-8 – Most commonly used (1 to 4 bytes)


• UTF-16 – 2 or 4 bytes
• UTF-32 – Fixed 4 bytes

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