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Exposé Anglais

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted primarily through infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, headache, and chills. It is preventable through mosquito bite avoidance and treatable with medications like quinine and artesunate. Vector control strategies, such as insecticide-treated nets and indoor spraying, are crucial for malaria control, though resistance to insecticides poses a challenge.

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Jean Baptiste
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14 views3 pages

Exposé Anglais

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted primarily through infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, headache, and chills. It is preventable through mosquito bite avoidance and treatable with medications like quinine and artesunate. Vector control strategies, such as insecticide-treated nets and indoor spraying, are crucial for malaria control, though resistance to insecticides poses a challenge.

Uploaded by

Jean Baptiste
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MALARIA : PALUDISME

Malaria is a life-threatening disease spread to humans by some


types of mosquitoes. It is mostly found in tropical countries. It is
preventable and curable.
The infection is caused by a parasite and does not spread from
person to person.
Malaria mostly spreads to people through the bites of some
infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Blood transfusion and
contaminated needles may also transmit malaria. The first
symptoms may be mild, similar to many febrile illnesses, and
difficulty to recognize as malaria. Left untreated, P. falciparum
malaria can progress to severe illness and death within 24
hours.
There are 5 Plasmodium parasite species that cause malaria in
humans and 2 of these species – P. falciparum and P. vivax –
pose the greatest threat. P. falciparum is the deadliest malaria
parasite and the most prevalent on the African continent. P.
vivax is the dominant malaria parasite in most countries outside
of sub-Saharan Africa. The other malaria species which can
infect humans are P. malariae, P. ovale and P. knowlesi.

Symptoms

The most common early symptoms of malaria are fever,


headache and chills.

Symptoms usually start within 10–15 days of getting bitten by


an infected mosquito.
Severe symptoms include :

 Extreme tiredness and fatigue


 Impaired consciousness
 Multiple convulsions
 Difficulty breathing
 Dark or bloody urine
 Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin )
 Abnormal bleeding.
People with severe symptoms should get emergency care right
away. Getting treatment early for mild malaria can stop the
infection from becoming severe.

Malaria infection during pregnancy can also cause premature


delivery or delivery of a baby with low birth weight.
Prevention
Malaria can be prevented by avoiding mosquito bites and by
taking medicines. Talk to a doctor about taking medicines such
as chemoprophylaxis before travelling to areas where malaria is
common.

Lower the risk of getting malaria by avoiding mosquito bites :

Use mosquito nets when sleeping in places where malaria is


present.
Use mosquito repellents (containing DEET, IR3535 or Icaridin)
after dusk.
Use coils and vaporizers.
Wear protective clothing.
Use window screens.

Treatment
 Quinine
 Pinax
 Artesunate
 Artemether
 Maladox

Conclusion
Vector control is a vital component of malaria control and
elimination strategies as it is highly effective in preventing
infection and reducing disease transmission. The 2 core
interventions are insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor
residual spraying (IRS).

Progress in global malaria control is threatened by emerging


resistance to insecticides among Anopheles mosquitoes.
However, new generation nets, which provide better
protection against malaria than pyrethroid-only nets, are
becoming more widely available and represent an important
tool in global efforts to combat malaria.

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