Module 3

Approval Process

ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process

 Course Structure

Module 1 Module 2 Module 3

Course Introduction EDTO Foundation Approval Process

Module 4 Module 5 Module 6

Type Design & Reliability Flight Operations Maintenance
Considerations Considerations Considerations
Module 8
Module 7 Module 9
Implementing EDTO
Continued Surveillance Assessment
Regulations

Module 10 – Wrap Up
05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 2
 Objectives

At the end of this module, participants will be able to

understand the major elements of the EDTO
approval process and related requirements.

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 3

 EDTOM References
Doc 10085: Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO) Manual

Definitions
1.4 – Authorization Procedures
1.5 – Continuity of EDTO Certification
1.6 – Continuity of EDTO Authorization

The following symbol indicates a reference

to the EDTO Manual throughout this module:

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 4

 Other ICAO References
Annex 6, Part 1: Operation of Aircraft
Chapter 1: Definitions
Section 4.7: Additional requirements for operations by aeroplanes with
turbine engines beyond 60 minutes to an en-route alternate
aerodrome including extended diversion time operations (EDTO)

Annex 8: Airworthiness of Aircraft, Part 1. Definitions

Doc 7300: Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention)
Doc 8335: Procedures for Operations Inspection, Certification and Continued
Surveillance
Doc 9734: Safety Oversight Manual, Part A
Doc 9760: Airworthiness Manual, Part III and V
Doc 10059: Manual on the implementation of Article 83 bis of the Chicago Convention

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 5

 Module 3 - Outline

Part I EDTO Approval Major Elements

Part II Responsibilities of Contracting States

Part III EDTO Type Design Approval Process

Part IV EDTO Operational Approval Process

Part V Review Questions

Part VI Practical Exercise

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 6
 EDTO Approval Elements
EDTO Approval is a Two Step Process

STEP Design
Step 1 1: assessments
Reliability The Aeroplane
Applicant:
Aeroplane Manufacturer is capable
State of Design

• Aeroplane manufacturers must perform a Type Design & Reliability Assessment of

the aeroplane/engine combination for approval or validation by the Type Design Authority.
The Aeroplane is Capable

• This step is referred to as ‘EDTO Type Design Approval’ in this module and throughout
the EDTO workshop to describe aeroplanes certified for EDTO capability
05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 7
 EDTO Approval Elements
EDTO Approval is a Two Step Process

Maintenance
Step 2 assessments
Flight Operations The Operator
is ready
Applicant:
Operator State of the Operator

• Airline operators must apply for authorization from their local authority in order to fly EDTO
routes with an EDTO capable aeroplane/engine combination (AEC).
The Airline is Ready
• This authorization constitutes a Specific Approval which is referred to as ‘EDTO
Operational Approval’ in this module and throughout the EDTO workshop.
05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 8
 Aeroplane/Engine Combination (AEC)

• A combination of aeroplane model and engine model which has

been identified for the purpose of EDTO certification (also called type
design and reliability approval) or authorized for EDTO…

‒ Substantially common minor model variants may be grouped into a single

EDTO authorization or approval

+
Definitions

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 9

 Preclude and Protect Philosophy
Two-step approval process supports EDTO philosophy

PRECLUDE : Avoid the diversion PROTECT : Ensure that the diversion is safe

Enhanced Enhanced
aeroplane/engine reliability standards aeroplane/engine design standards
(e.g. IFSD rate) (e.g. independent electrical sources)

Enhanced
Enhanced
Dispatch Planning
airline maintenance practices
(e.g. EDTO Fuel Reserves, Weather)
(e.g. Dual Maintenance Limitations)
and Flight Crew training and awareness

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 10

 EDTO Approval Elements
To operate beyond EDTO Threshold, two conditions must be met:
EDTO Type Design (AEC) Evaluation
EDTO Operational Evaluation
(Certification required for Twins only)

Applicant: Applicant:
MANUFACTURER OPERATOR

Annex 8 + EDTO Manual CS 25 + AMC 20-6 FAR 25/33 + AC25xx (TBC) Annex 6 + EDTO Manual AIR OPS + AMC 20-6 FAR121/135 +AC120-42B

Prime Certification Authority

+
National Aviation Authority
Validation Authorities
NAA Rules

EDTO Type Design Evaluation must be completed before granting of operational approval of Operator for EDTO
05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 11
 Elements of EDTO Assessment

Compliance demonstration:
Responsibility of the Operator
2
Operations Maintenance EDTO Operational Capability Assessment

Compliance demonstration:
Design Reliability
Responsibility of the Manufacturer
1
EDTO Type Design & Reliability Assessment

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 12

 Applicability of EDTO Regulations
• Operational Approval
− State regulations and guidance materials for EDTO operational
approval are applicable at time of operations Current

− EDTO operators must comply with the latest (current) issue of

applicable regulatory material for EDTO operations
Current

• Type Design Approval

− State regulations and guidance materials for EDTO type design and
reliability approval are applicable at time of application
Before 2011
− Follow-on derivative aeroplanes and/or increases in EDTO capability
may be subject to later standards

Before 2007
05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 13
 Module 3 - Outline

Part I EDTO Approval Major Elements

Part II Responsibilities of Contracting States

Part III EDTO Type Design Approval Process

Part IV EDTO Operational Approval Process

Part V Review Questions

Part VI Practical Exercise

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 14
 Foreword

This section provides a review of ICAO contracting

State responsibilities which is not unique to EDTO,
but applies equally to EDTO as with all areas of the
Standards related to airworthiness determination and
operational authorization.

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 15

 Contracting State Definitions
Annex 6, Part 1 and Annex 8 Definitions:

State of Design: The State with jurisdiction over the organization

responsible for the type design.

State of Manufacture: The State with jurisdiction over the organization

responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft.

State of the Operator: The State where the operator’s principle place of
business is located or, where the operator’s permanent residence is.

State of Registry: The State on whose register the aircraft is entered.

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 16

 Attendee Poll

Q3.1 Which ICAO State categories apply to your State?

– State of Design
– State of Registry
– State of Operator
– State of Registry & State of Operator
– All of the above

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 17

 Contracting State Responsibilities

State of Design  Primary Responsibility for EDTO Type Design Approval

and Reliability Assessment (TCDS)

*State of Operator  Primary Responsibility for EDTO Operational Approval

and Oversight (OpSpec)

*State of Registry  Primary Responsibility for EDTO Continued Airworthiness

Program Approval and Oversight and acceptance/validation
of EDTO Type Design (C of A)

* Note: When the State of Registry and State of the Operator are different, shared safety oversight responsibilities
may be established and filed through an Article 83 bis agreement

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 18

 Contracting State Responsibilities

Article 83 bis - Transfer of certain functions and duties

… when an aircraft registered in a contracting state is operated pursuant to an
agreement for the lease, charter or interchange of the aircraft … by an operator
who has his principle place of business… in another contracting State, the State
of registry may, by agreement with such other state, transfer to it all or part of its
functions and duties as State of Registry… Doc 7300
Chicago Convention
The State of Registry shall be relieved of responsibility in
respect of the functions and duties transferred.

The transfer shall not have effect in respect of other contracting States before
either the agreement… has been registered with the Council… or the existence
and scope of the agreement have been directly communicated to the authorities
of the other contracting State or States concerned

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 19

 Article 83 bis Implementation
Doc 10059, Manual on the implementation of Article 83 bis of the
Convention on International Civil Aviation.
Chapter 1. Definitions, abbreviation and overview of key terms
Chapter 2. Rationale of Article 83 bis
Chapter 3. Appropriate use of Article 83 bis
Chapter 4. Preparation for negotiation of an Article 83 bis agreement Doc 10059
Chapter 5. Content of an Article 83 bis agreement First Edition, 2017

Chapter 6. Rules for registration of an Article 83 bis agreement

Chapter 7. Safety oversight responsibilities
Chapter 8. Surveillance by other States - Ramp inspections
Chapter 9. States not party to Article 83 bis - implications
Chapter 10. Responsibilities on the termination or amendment of an Article 83 bis agreement
Appendices

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 20

 Article 83 bis Implementation
Doc 10059, Appendix C. Example of record of Sate of Registry and State of the
Operator Duties and Functions…

Doc 10059
First Edition, 2017

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 21

 Contracting State Responsibilities
Type Certification
Overview of States Safety Oversight Obligations
(ICAO Doc 9734 – Safety Oversight Manual, Part A):
2.3.3.1 State of Design Obligations

a) It issues a type certificate which defines the design of an aircraft type

and certifies that this design meets the appropriate airworthiness
requirements of that state. Doc 9734, Part A

b) It transmits any generally applicable information necessary for

the continuing airworthiness and safe operation of the aircraft to:
- every Contracting State which has advised the State of Design
that it has entered the aircraft on it’s register; and
- any other Contracting State upon request…

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 22

 Contracting State Responsibilities
Type Certification

Type Certification Activities: State of Design

(ICAO Doc 9760 – Airworthiness Manual, Part V)
2.3.1.2 There are five key activities associated with a type certification process, namely:
a) establishing the certification basis;
b) establishing the means or methods of compliance;
c) demonstration and findings of compliance;
d) certifying the type design; and
e) post certification activities.
Doc 9760, Part V

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 23

 Contracting State Responsibilities
Type Validation/Acceptance

Type Certification Activities: States other than the State of

Design
(ICAO Doc 9760 – Airworthiness Manual, Part V):

2.4: Annex 8, Part II, Chapter 3 states that the issuance, or rendering valid,
a Certificate of Airworthiness, must be based on satisfactory evidence that
Doc 9760, Part V
the aeroplane complies with the design aspects of the appropriate
airworthiness requirements of the State of Registry…

The satisfactory evidence used by the majority of Contracting States is the

Aircraft Type Certificate

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 24

 Contracting State Responsibilities
Type Validation/Acceptance

Type Certification, Validation and Acceptance

(ICAO Doc 9760 – Airworthiness Manual, Part III, Chapter 4) aircraft.

A Certificate of Airworthiness shall be issued by a Contracting State on the

basis of satisfactory evidence that the aircraft complies with the design aspects
of the appropriate airworthiness requirements.

In order to meet these requirements the State of Registry has to have Doc 9760, Part III
satisfactory evidence that the design of the aircraft meets its airworthiness
requirements. This can be achieved in three ways:
a) Type certification;
b) Type validation; or
c) Type acceptance

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 25

 Contracting State Responsibilities
Type Validation/Acceptance

Type Certification Activities: States other than the State of

Design
(ICAO Doc 9760 – Airworthiness Manual, Part V)

2.4 (cont’d): It is not expected nor encouraged that States of Registry

perform the same in-depth determinations of compliance that the State of
Doc 9760, Part V
Design has already done. Instead, States are encouraged, through
regulations, bilateral agreements or policy, to give maximum credit to the
type certification work already done by the State of Design and, minimize
duplicate or redundant testing that adds little or no value to the overall
airworthiness of the aeronautical product.

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 26

 Attendee Poll

Q3.2: Which approach is used by your State for the import

of new aeroplane types?

– Type Certification
– Type Validation
– Type Acceptance
– Not Sure

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 27

 Contracting State Responsibilities
Operational Approval and Oversight
Doc 9734: Safety Oversight Manual
Part 1, Chapter 3: 8 Critical Elements (CEs) of a Safety Oversight System

Doc 9734

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 28

 Contracting State Responsibilities
Operational Approval
Doc 8335: Manual of Procedures for Operations Inspection, Certification and
Continued Surveillance
Operations Specifications: The authorizations, conditions and limitations
associated with the AOC and subject to the conditions in the operations manual…

Part III. The AOC - Application, Evaluation and Certification (5 Phase Process)
Chapter 1. General Doc 8335
Doc 8335
❶ Chapter 2. Pre-application phase
❷ Chapter 3. Formal application phase
❸ Chapter 4. Document evaluation phase
Chapter 5. Operational demonstration and inspection phase
❹
Chapter 6. Maintenance control demonstration and inspection phase
❺ Chapter 7. Certification phase

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 29

 Module 3 - Outline

Part I EDTO Approval Major Elements

Part II Responsibilities of Contracting States

Part III EDTO Type Design Approval Process

Part IV EDTO Operational Approval Process

Part V Review Questions

Part VI Practical Exercise

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 30
 EDTO Type Design Requirements
Comparison
ICAO Annex 6, Part 1, Section 4.7.2
Requirements for Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO)

• Two engine aeroplanes

– Paragraph 4.7.2.3(b) requires that a two engine aeroplane be ‘EDTO
certified’ (EDTO Type Design Approved) to conduct EDTO operations.
• Aeroplanes with more than two engines
– While some States (e.g. FAA) have elected to establish EDTO type design
requirements, there are no provisions under the ICAO standards.
• All aeroplanes
– Paragraph 4.7.2.3(a) requires identification of the most limiting EDTO
significant system time in the aeroplane flight manual.
– This necessitates an aeroplane capability assessment for EDTO

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 31

 EDTO Type Design Approval
Two Engine Aeroplanes

ICAO Annex 6 AMC 20-6 PART 21 PART 25 PART 33

EDTO certification and Chapter II, Type Design These FAA ETOPS Certification rules have superseded
assessment of EDTO Approval Considerations AC 120-42A in 2007
time limited systems Additional guidance in new AC for Part 25 still pending

Compliance demonstration:
Design Reliability
Responsibility of the Manufacturer

EDTO Type Design & Reliability Approval

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 32

 EDTO Type Design Assessment
Aeroplanes with More than Two Engines

ICAO Annex 6 AMC 20-6 PART 21 PART 25 PART 33

Assessment of EDTO Chapter II, Type Design 2007 FAA ETOPS Certification rules introduced
time limited systems Approval Considerations requirements for passenger aeroplanes manufactured
after February, 2015

Compliance demonstration:
Design Reliability
Responsibility of the Manufacturer

EDTO Type Design & Reliability Assessment

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 33

 EDTO Type Design Approval
Two Engine Aeroplanes
• Design to fail-safe criteria
• Analysis of failure
• Manufacturer effects
demonstration tests
• Equipment
cooling
• In-service experience
(world fleet) • Effect of operation
with a failed engine
• Cargo fire protection • Independent
sources of AC power
• Fuel management
05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 34
 EDTO Type Design Approval
Two Engine Aeroplanes

Basic concepts:
• EDTO type design approval is a pre-requisite to operational approval
• Each aeroplane/engine combination is approved separately
− Approvals may be grouped by minor model series
− Derivative airplanes require additional approval

• EDTO type design approval levels

− Up to 180 minutes (e.g. 90, 120, 180)
− Greater than 180 minutes (up to EDTO significant system time capability)

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 35

 EDTO Type Design Approval
Two Engine Aeroplanes

Approval methods:
• Early EDTO Method
− EDTO type design approval obtained with no or reduced service
experience on the candidate aeroplane/engine combination

• Five (5) Early EDTO Process Elements:

− Design for EDTO
− Relevant Experience
− Maintenance and Operations Procedures Validation
− EDTO Testing (APU, Engine, Aeroplane)
− Problem Tracking and Resolution

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 36

 EDTO Type Design Approval
Two Engine Aeroplanes

Approval methods (cont’d):

• Service Experience Method
− A minimum of 100,000 (EASA) or 250,000 (FAA) world fleet in-service engine
hours on the candidate aeroplane/engine combination prior to EDTO approval
(may be reduced with consideration for compensating factors)

• Combined Service Experience and Early EDTO Method

− A minimum of 15,000 world fleet in-service engine hours on the candidate
aeroplane/engine combination
+
− Early EDTO requirements (except for some aeroplane demonstration tests)

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 37

 EDTO Type Design Approval
Two Engine Aeroplanes

Substantiation Documents
• EDTO type design approval substantiation is published in three primary
certification documents:

− Aeroplane Flight Manual (AFM)

− May be a customer option on some aeroplane models

− Aeroplane and Engine Type Certification Data Sheets (TCDS)

− EDTO Configuration, Maintenance and Procedures

Document (CMP)

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 38

 EDTO Type Design Approval
Two Engine Aeroplanes

Typical AFM Language:

The type design reliability and performance of this airplane/engine combination has been evaluated in
accordance with 14 CFR 25.1535 and found suitable for greater than 180 minutes extended
diversion time operations (EDTO) when configured in accordance with WonderPlanes Document
WP911001 "MODEL WP-911 EDTO Configuration, Maintenance, and Procedures".
This finding does not constitute approval to conduct extended diversion time operations.

System Time Capabilities:

The most limiting EDTO significant system time (other than cargo fire suppression) is ### minutes.
The most limiting cargo fire suppression system time is ### minutes.

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 39

 EDTO Type Design Approval
Two Engine Aeroplanes

Configuration, Maintenance and Procedures (CMP)

• A document approved by the State of Design that

contains minimum configuration, operating, and
maintenance requirements, hardware life-limits, and
Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) constraints
necessary for an aeroplane/engine combination to meet
EDTO type design approval requirements.

• The CMP document is aeroplane model specific and

defines the minimum configuration standard for EDTO
(further discussion to be provided in Module 4).

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 40

 EDTO Type Design Assessment
Aeroplanes with More than Two Engines

Basic concepts:

• EDTO type design approval is not required for aeroplanes with more than
two engines to operate beyond the EDTO threshold under ICAO
standards.
− Some States may require EDTO type design approval provided related design
and reliability criteria have been defined.

− FAA for example requires EDTO type design approval for passenger
aeroplanes with more than two engines manufactured after Feb, 2015 to
operate beyond 180 minutes from an adequate aerodrome.

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 41

 EDTO Type Design Assessment
Aeroplanes with More than Two Engines

Basic concepts (cont’d):

• An assessment of aeroplane time limited systems relevant to EDTO is

required to support operations beyond the EDTO threshold
− The capability of the cargo fire suppression system usually defines the
applicable limitation for EDTO

• As per ICAO standards, there are no additional EDTO maintenance

requirements for aeroplanes with more than two engines
− Operational approval and EDTO flight operations program elements remain
applicable for operations beyond the EDTO threshold.

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 42

 EDTO Design Capabilities Summary
As of January 1st, 2019
180 minutes 330 minutes
737NG
737 MAX 8, 9 Beyond 180 minutes
737 MAX 7, 10
757/767
777-300
787-8, 787-9, 787-10
777 Freighter
777-200ER/GE
777-200ER/PW
777-200ER/RR
777-300ER, -200LR
777-8, 777-9
747-8I

Current capability Future objective

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 43
 EDTO Design Capabilities Summary
As of July 1st, 2019
Up to 90 min 180 minBeyond 180min
A300B2/B4

A340 Up to 245 min

A380 Up to 280 min

 Certified EDTO (ETOPS) capabilities 

A310/A300-600

A300-600ST “Beluga”

A320 & A320neo Family

A330 (Pax models) Up to 285 min

A330 (Freighter models)

A330neo (Pax models) Up to 285 min

A350-900 & A350-1000 Up to 405 min

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 44

 Module 3 - Outline

Part I EDTO Approval Major Elements

Part II Responsibilities of Contracting States

Part III EDTO Type Design Approval Process

Part IV EDTO Operational Approval Process

Part V Review Questions

Part VI Practical Exercise

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 45
 Attendee Poll

Q3.3: What is the Maximum EDTO Diversion Time (MDT)

which has been approved by your State?

– Up to 90 minutes
– 120 or 180 minutes
– Greater than 180 minutes
– Never approved EDTO

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 46

 EDTO Operational Approval

Compliance demonstration:
Responsibility of the Operator

Operations Maintenance EDTO Operational Approval

ICAO Annex 6 AIR OPS Part SPA AMC 20-6 PART 121 PART 135
(Subpart F)

Additional guidance Chapter III, These FAA ETOPS Ops rules have superseded
in EDTO Manual Doc Operational Approval AC 120-42A in 2007
10085 Considerations Additional guidance now provided in AC 120-42B
05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 47
 EDTO Operational Approval

Considerations:
• EDTO capable/configured • Company training
aeroplane
• Operational validation
• Approval application (e.g. validation flight)
• Operator EDTO programs and • Operations Specification
documentation
― Maintenance (Twins only)
― Flight Operations

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 48

 EDTO Maintenance Considerations
Two Engine Aeroplanes
Configuration, Maintenance & Supplemental Maintenance Program
Procedures (CMP) • EDTO Maintenance Document
• Ensure compliance with EDTO • EDTO Pre-departure Service Check
configuration requirements. • Limitations on Dual Maintenance
• Verification Program
EDTO Significant Systems List • Task Identification

• Identify systems with heightened • Centralized Maintenance Control

maintenance program emphasis • EDTO Parts Control
• EDTO Reliability Program
• Monitoring Programs
(IFSD Rate, ECM, Oil Consumption, APU Start)
• EDTO Maintenance Training
EDTOM Chapter 4 • Procedural Changes
05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 49
 EDTO Flight Operations Considerations
EDTOM Chapter 3
Approval Route Planning Documentation and Training
• Define EDTO Routes • EDTO MEL Provisions
• Identify Adequate Enroute Alternates • APU Inflight Start Procedures
• Determine EDTO Diversion Time and Speed • EDTO Check Airman Program
• Establish EDTO Area of Operations • EDTO Operating Procedures
• Flight Crew & Dispatcher Training

Dispatch Planning
• EDTO Flight Planning System
• Identify EDTO Alternate Aerodromes
• Communication/Flight Following
• Establish EDTO Area of Operations

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 50

 EDTO Operational Approval Methods
Two Engine Aeroplanes
• Service Experience Method:
− EDTO operational approval obtained after some minimum non-EDTO
service experience on the candidate aeroplane/engine combination, typically:
• 12 months minimum non-EDTO experience for 120 minute approval
• 12 months experience at 120 minutes for 180 minute approval
• Additional experience for beyond 180 minutes approval
− Legacy (conventional) EDTO approval methodology
− Still an approval option today depending on time constraints and operator
experience
− Initial application should typically be submitted at least 60 days before start of
EDTO

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 51

 EDTO Operational Approval Methods
Two Engine Aeroplanes
• Accelerated EDTO Method:
− EDTO operational approval obtained without gaining non-EDTO service
experience or with reduced non-EDTO service experience on the candidate
aeroplane/engine combination
− Primary focus is on EDTO process validation and compensating factors
− Allows up to 180 minute EDTO at initial service entry. Prior EDTO service
experience is typically required for approval of EDTO beyond 180 min.

− Policy jointly created by JAA/FAA and included in most State EDTO standards
(e.g. EASA AMC 20-6, FAA AC 120-42B, TCCA TP6327E, CASA CAO 82.0…)

− Has become the industry standard for EDTO operational approval

− Initial application should be submitted at least 6 months before start of EDTO

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 52

 EDTO Operational Approval Methods
Comparison
12 months 12 months of 120
non-EDTO minute EDTO
In-service Method operations operations
Initial application at least 60
days before start of EDTO Satisfactory Satisfactory
service operation EDTO Approval service operation EDTO Approval
(120 minutes) (180 minutes)*
Airline introduction of
an EDTO aeroplane

EDTO processes
Plan submitted validated
to authority

Accelerated Method
Initial application at least 6
months before start of EDTO
EDTO Approval
(up to 180 minutes)*

Note: Approval for beyond 180 minute EDTO requires prior authorization for 180 minute EDTO
05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 53
 EDTO Operational Approval Methods
Aeroplanes with More than Two Engines

• Either the Service Experience or Accelerated EDTO approval methods

may be used:
− Both methods: Unlike two engine aeroplanes, there is no upper limit (e.g. 180 minutes) for
initial EDTO approval. Operators may apply for approval up to the maximum EDTO capability
of the candidate aeroplane/engine combination.

− Service Experience Method: Unlike two engine aeroplanes, there are no specific
service experience time requirements or ‘steps’ in diversion time approvals.
Any amount of non-EDTO experience on a candidate aeroplane/engine combination may
therefore be credited in the EDTO approval application.

− Accelerated Method: This method would be selected to achieve EDTO approval with no
or reduced prior service experience with the candidate aeroplane/engine combination.
As with two engine aeroplanes, process validation and compensating factors should form the
basis of the EDTO approval application

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 54

 Open Discussion
Accelerated EDTO Approval Considerations

• What compensating factors might be considered for

an experienced EDTO operator seeking EDTO approval
on another aeroplane/engine type?

• What compensating factors might be considered for

an operator applying for a first time EDTO approval?

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 55

 EDTO Operational Approval
Compensating Factors

In-service EDTO approval :

• No special strategy is required (Action plan only needed in case of non compliance)

• No compensating factors are required

• Judgment criteria straight forward: experience with candidate aircraft

Accelerated EDTO approval:

• Defined strategy and open communication needed between airline & authority

• Compensating factors and process validation are basis of approval

• Facts and engineering judgment are used to determine “EDTO capability”

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 56

 EDTO Operational Approval
Compensating Factors
Compensating factors:

• Previous experience with other airframe or engines of similar technology

• Previous EDTO experience (related experience)
• Specific EDTO training
• EDTO simulation
• …

Required amount of compensating factors depends on:

• EDTO objectives (max DT, operational experience at start of EDTO, …)
• Organization (Current vs EDTO)
• Experience
- EDTO / long range / route(s) / aircraft-engine technology
- Experience with EDTO procedures from any real or simulated EDTO program
• ...
05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 57
 EDTO Operational Approval Process
Regulatory Requirements
 

EDTO Team
Flight Operations   Maintenance
Approval Plan*
- Area of Operations   - EDTO Significant Systems
- Routes, Alternates, Speed, Time - Task Cards, Parts Control
- Flight Planning, WX, Com Review Gates - Oil Consumption, ECM*
- MEL*, APU Start* - Problem Resolution*
 
- Check Airman, Training - Training

Demonstrated Processes  EDTO  Demonstrated Processes

Operations Manual  Approval  EDTO Maintenance Document

(OpSpec)
*Validation Flight   *Validation Flight
 
Dispatch Planning  Continuing  Monitoring Programs
Training  Surveillance  Reliability Reporting

* Involves coordination between departments

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 EDTO Operational Approval Timeline
Example
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Regulatory Agency Letter of Intent/Kick -off Final EDTO

Coordination Program Schedule Approval Plan Review Gate 1 Docum ents Review Gate 2 Final Review Approval
Draft Docum ents

Organization EDTO Project Manager Internal Reviews QA Audit Validation Flight

EDTO Team

Flight Operations Route requirem ents

Program EDTO Area of Operations
EDTO Team EDTO Flight Planning
EDTO WX, CFP, Plotting Charts, Comm
Airline MEL
EDTO Check Airm an
Ops Manual
Flight Crew, Dispatcher Training
Training program developm ent APU Program

Maintenance Program Focal

Program Team Mem b ers EDTO Maintenance Manual
(draft) (final)
EDTO Maintenance Program s

Reliab ility Program (Event Oriented)

Approval Conduct Maintenance Training
Training program developm ent

OEM EDTO Initial EDTO Briefings Program Evaluation

Support Docum ent Review
EDTO Program Assistance

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 Operations Specifications for EDTO
EDTO operational authorization constitutes a ‘Specific Approval’ which should be listed in
the Operations Specification for each approved aeroplane type :

EDTO Related Content

Annex 6, Part 1 - Appendix 6

Operations Specification Template
Some States have implemented different OpSpec formats

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 Operations Specifications
EDTO Related Content
OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS
(subject to the approved conditions in the operations manual)

Aircraft model 5:
Area(s) of operation 7:

SPECIFIC APPROVAL YES NO .

DESCRIPTION 9 .
REMARKS

EDTO 14 N/A Threshold time 15: ___ minutes

.
Maximum diversion time 15: ___ minutes

Notes:-
5. Insert the CAST/ICAO designation of aircraft make, model and series or master series, if a series has been designated (e.g. Boeing-737-3K2 or Boeing-777-
232). The CAST/ICAO taxonomy is available at http://www.intlaviationstandards.org/.
7. List the geographical area(s) of authorized operations (by geographic coordinates or specific routes, flight information region or national or regional
boundaries).
9. List in this column the most permissive criteria for each approval or the approval type (with appropriate criteria)
14. If extended diversion time operations (EDTO) approval does not apply based on the provisions of of Chapter 4, 4.7 select “N/A”. Otherwise a threshold time
and maximum diversion time must be specified.
15. The threshold time and maximum diversion time may also be listed in distance (NM) as well. Details of each particular aeroplane-engine combination for
which the threshold time is established and maximum diversion time has been granted may be listed under ‘remarks’. One line per approval may be used if
different approvals are granted.

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 Operations Specifications for EDTO
Diversion Time Considerations

• Maximum Diversion Time (MDT): Approval time levels and use conditions may vary
among State regulations
− Specific approval time levels up to 180 minutes
(e.g. 75 min, 90 min, 120 min…)
− Specific approval time levels above 180 minutes
(e.g. 240 minutes, beyond 240 minutes…)
− Operational extension on a flight by flight exception basis
(e.g. 138 minutes, 207 minutes)
− Regional applicability

• Threshold Time: Not intended to be AEC or area specific absent special circumstances.
Typically a single value should be listed in the Operations Specification based on
applicable State regulations, even when different MDT approval levels are specified.

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 Operations Specifications
EDTO MDT content example
OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS
(subject to the approved conditions in the operations manual)

Operator name: EDTO Airways

Aircraft Model: WonderPlanes WP-911 and WP-911SuperPlus

Area(s) of Operation: Atlantic Ocean NAT/MNPS, North Pacific

SPECIFIC APPROVAL YES NO DESCRIPTION REMARKS

EDTO N/A  Threshold time: 60 minutes WP-911/RG3350-89:

• 240 minutes authorization applies to the North
Maximum diversion times: Pacific area for use on a flight by flight exception
WP-911/RG3350-89: 240 minutes basis. Authorization is otherwise limited to 180
WP-911SuperPlus/RG3350-SP: 180 minutes minutes.

EDTO MDT Approvals by AEC

Example State Use Condition

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 63

 Operations Specifications for EDTO
Time Limited System (TLS) Considerations

Annex 6, Part 1 - 4.7.2.3: When approving the appropriate maximum diversion time for the operator of a particular
aeroplane type engaged in extended diversion time operations, the State of the Operator shall ensure that:
a) for all aeroplanes: the most limiting EDTO significant system time limitation, if any, indicated in the aeroplane flight
manual (directly or by reference) and relevant to that particular operation is not exceeded.

• For EDTO beyond 180 minutes, Maximum Diversion Time (MDT) and Time
Limited System (TLS) capabilities should be listed separately:
− TLS diversion planning is based on forecast winds whereas MDT planning is a still
air consideration, so the two times are not directly comparable.
− TLS planning considers both AEO (cargo fire suppression) and OEI (other most
limiting system) diversion flight conditions, so again represents a separate planning
consideration from EDTO MDT.
− Listing TLS and MDT capabilities separately for EDTO beyond 180 minutes
removes potential confusion while preserving intent of Annex 6 language
− Additional discussion on TLS planning considerations will be provided in Module 5

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 64

 Operations Specifications
EDTO MDT content example
OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS
(subject to the approved conditions in the operations manual)

Operator name: EDTO Airways

Aircraft Model: WonderPlanes WP-911 and WP-911SuperPlus

Area(s) of Operation: Atlantic Ocean NAT/MNPS, North Pacific

SPECIFIC APPROVAL YES NO DESCRIPTION REMARKS

EDTO N/A  Threshold time: 60 minutes WP-911/RG3350-89:

• 240 minutes authorization applies to the North Pacific
Maximum diversion times: area for use on a flight by flight exception basis.
WP-911/RG3350-89: 240 minutes Authorization is otherwise limited to 180 minutes.
WP-911SuperPlus/RG3350-SP: 180 minutes • Diversion planning may not exceed the following
EDTO time limited system capabilities:
Cargo Fire Suppression: ### Minutes
Example TLS listing for beyond 180 Minutes Other most limiting system: ### Minutes

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 65

 EDTO/ETOPS Worldwide Operations

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 66

 Boeing EDTO/ETOPS Operations
As of September 30th, 2018

* Model total and Fleet total EDTO approvals reflect unique operators (operators of multiple models are only counted once)

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 Airbus EDTO/ETOPS Operations
As of 1st QTR 2019
EDTO EDTO
Aircraft Nb of Aircraft EDTO FH
Total FH EDTO FH operators aircraft
Family operators delivered in %
in % in %

A310
A300-600 25,000,000 63 567 2,900,000 <2% ~10% ~10%

A320 230,000,000 323 8,512 3,000,000 <2% ~15% ~30%

A330 50,400,000 144 1,427 17,600,000 ~35% ~90% 100%

A350 1,500,000 23 240 500,000 ~30% 100% 100%

Fleet
306,900,000 10,746 24,000,000
Totals

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 68

 Module 3 - Outline

Part I EDTO Approval Major Elements

Part II Responsibilities of Contracting States

Part III EDTO Type Design Approval Process

Part IV EDTO Operational Approval Process

Part V Review questions

Part VI Practical Exercise

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 Module 3 Review Questions
Q3.4: EDTO operations for two engine aeroplanes
requires:
– EDTO Type Design Approval
– EDTO Operational Approval
– EDTO Flight Operations Program
– EDTO Maintenance Program
– Both EDTO Operational Approval and EDTO Flight
Operations Program
– All of the above

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 Module 3 Review Questions
Q3.5: EDTO operations for aeroplanes with more
than two engines requires:
– EDTO Type Design Approval
– EDTO Operational Approval
– EDTO Flight Operations Program
– EDTO Maintenance Program
– Both EDTO Operational Approval and Flight Operations
Program
– All of the above

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 Module 3 Review Questions

Q3.6: EDTO Type Design Approval is the

responsibility of:

– The State of the Operator

– The State of Registry
– The State of Design
– ICAO Headquarters
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 Module 3 Review Questions

Q3.7: Which of the following does not apply to the

early EDTO type design process?

– EDTO Testing
– Operational Procedures Validation
– Problem Tracking and Resolution
– Stall Speed Certification
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 Module 3 Review Questions

Q3.8: EDTO Operational Approval is the

responsibility of:

– The State of the Operator

– The State of Registry
– The State of Design
– ICAO Regional Office
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 Module 3 Review Questions

Q3.9: Chose the most appropriate definition of the term

‘AEC’:

– ARINC to Ethernet Converter

– Aeroplane/Engine Combination
– Adaptive Echo Cancellation
– Aft Electronics Center

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 Module 3 Review Questions

Q3.10: Chose the most appropriate definition of the term

‘CMP’:

– Configuration, Maintenance and Procedures

– Celestial Mapping Program
– Certification Management Plan
– Condition Monitoring Panel

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 Module 3 - Outline

Part I EDTO Approval Major Elements

Part II Responsibilities of Contracting States

Part III EDTO Type Design Approval Process

Part IV EDTO Operational Approval Process

Part V Review Questions

Part VI Practical Exercise

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 77
 Questions?

EDTO Workshop
End of Module 3 - Approval Process

05/11/2019 ICAO EDTO Workshop – Module 3 : Approval Process 78