ARTICLES

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PART III

____________ FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
General
CONTENTS
__________ 12. Definition.
13. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental
rights.
PREAMBLE Right to Equality
PART I 14. Equality before law.
THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY 15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste,
ARTICLES sex or place of birth.
1. Name and territory of the Union. 16. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
2. Admission or establishment of new States. 17. Abolition of Untouchability.
[2A. Sikkim to be associated with the Union.—Omitted.] 18. Abolition of titles.
3. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or Right to Freedom
names of existing States.
19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of 20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental 21. Protection of life and personal liberty.
and consequential matters.
21A. Right to education.
PART II 22. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
CITIZENSHIP Right against Exploitation
5. Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution. 23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
6. Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to 24. Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
India from Pakistan.
7. Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan. Right to Freedom of Religion
8. Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing 25. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and
outside India. propagation of religion.
9. Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to 26. Freedom to manage religious affairs.
be citizens. 27. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular
religion.
10. Continuance of the rights of citizenship.
28. Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious
11. Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
worship in certain educational institutions.

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ARTICLES ARTICLES
Cultural and Educational Rights 40. Organisation of village panchayats.
Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain
29. Protection of interests of minorities. 41.
cases.
30. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational
42. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity
institutions.
relief.
[31. Compulsory acquisition of property. —Omitted.] 43. Living wage, etc., for workers.
Saving of Certain Laws 43A. Participation of workers in management of Industries.
31A. Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc. 43B. Promotion of co-operative societies.
31B. Validation of certain Acts and Regulations. 44. Uniform civil code for the citizens.
31C. Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles. 45. Provision for early childhood care and education to children
below the age of six years.
[31D. Saving of laws in respect of anti-national activities. —Omitted.]
46. Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled
Right to Constitutional Remedies Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.
47. Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard
32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part. of living and to improve public health.
[32A. Constitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in 48. Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
proceedings under article 32.—Omitted.] 48A. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of
Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part forests and wild life.
33.
in their application to Forces, etc. 49. Protection of monuments and places and objects of national
importance.
34. Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is 50. Separation of judiciary from executive.
in force in any area.
51. Promotion of international peace and security.
35. Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.
PART IVA
PART IV FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
51A. Fundamental duties.
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY PART V
THE UNION
36. Definition.
CHAPTER I.THE EXECUTIVE
37. Application of the principles contained in this Part. The President and Vice-President
State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the
38.
people. 52. The President of India.
39. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State. 53. Executive power of the Union.
39A. Equal justice and free legal aid. 54. Election of President.
ARTICLES ARTICLES

55. Manner of election of President. Conduct of Government Business

56. Term of office of President. 77. Conduct of business of the Government of India.
57. Eligibility for re-election. 78. Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of
58. Qualifications for election as President. information to the President, etc.
59. Conditions of President’s office. CHAPTER II.PARLIAMENT
60. Oath or affirmation by the President. General
61. Procedure for impeachment of the President. 79. Constitution of Parliament.
62. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President 80. Composition of the Council of States.
and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
81. Composition of the House of the People.
63. The Vice-President of India.
82. Readjustment after each census.
The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of
64. 83. Duration of Houses of Parliament.
States.
65. The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his 84. Qualification for membership of Parliament.
functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the 85. Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.
absence, of President. 86. Right of President to address and send messages to Houses.
66. Election of Vice-President. 87. Special address by the President.
67. Term of office of Vice-President. 88. Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.
68. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President
and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy. Officers of Parliament
69. Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President. 89. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.
70. Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies. 90. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of
71. Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President Deputy Chairman.
or Vice-President. 91. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the
72. Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
or commute sentences in certain cases. 92. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a
73. Extent of executive power of the Union. resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
Council of Ministers 93. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.
74. Council of Ministers to aid and advise President. 94. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of
Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
75. Other provisions as to Ministers.
95. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the
The Attorney-General for India
duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
76. Attorney-General for India.

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ARTICLES ARTICLES
96. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a 115. Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. 116. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
97. Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman 117. Special provisions as to financial Bills.
and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker. Procedure Generally
98. Secretariat of Parliament. 118. Rules of procedure.
119. Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to
Conduct of Business financial business.
99. Oath or affirmation by members. 120. Language to be used in Parliament.
100. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding 121. Restriction on discussion in Parliament.
vacancies and quorum. 122. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
CHAPTER III.LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE
Disqualifications of Members PRESIDENT
101. Vacation of seats. 123. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of
Parliament.
102. Disqualifications for membership.
CHAPTER IV. THE UNION JUDICIARY
103. Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.
124. Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court.
104. Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation 124A. National Judicial Appointments Commission.
under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified.
124B. Functions of Commission.
Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its 124C. Power of Parliament to make law.
Members 125. Salaries, etc., of Judges.
105. Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the 126. Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
members and committees thereof. 127. Appointment of ad hoc Judges.
106. Salaries and allowances of members. 128. Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
Legislative Procedure 129. Supreme Court to be a court of record.
107. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. 130. Seat of Supreme Court.
108. Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases. 131. Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
109. Special procedure in respect of Money Bills. [131A. Exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to questions
110. Definition of “Money Bills”. as to constitutional validity of Central laws.Omitted.]
111. Assent to Bills. 132. Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from
Procedure in Financial Matters High Courts in certain cases.
112. Annual financial statement. 133. Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from
High Courts in regard to civil matters.
113. Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates.
134. Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to criminal
114. Appropriation Bills. matters.
ARTICLES ARTICLES

134A. Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court. CHAPTER II. THE EXECUTIVE
135. Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law The Governor
to be exercisable by the Supreme Court. 153. Governors of States.
136. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.
154. Executive power of State.
137. Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.
138. Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. 155. Appointment of Governor.
139. Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain 156. Term of office of Governor.
writs. 157. Qualifications for appointment as Governor.
139A. Transfer of certain cases. 158. Conditions of Governor’s office.
140. Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court.
159. Oath or affirmation by the Governor.
141. Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
142. Enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and 160. Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain
contingencies.
orders as to discovery, etc.
143. Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court. 161. Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit
or commute sentences in certain cases.
144. Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme
Court. 162. Extent of executive power of the State.
[144A. Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to Council of Ministers
constitutional validity of laws.Omitted.]
163. Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor.
145. Rules of Court, etc.
164. Other provisions as to Ministers.
146. Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.
The Advocate-General for the State
147. Interpretation.
165. Advocate-General for the State.
CHAPTER V.COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-
GENERAL OF INDIA Conduct of Government Business
148. Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. 166. Conduct of business of the Government of a State.
149. Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General. 167. Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of
information to Governor, etc.
150. Form of accounts of the Union and of the States.
CHAPTER III.THE STATE LEGISLATURE
151. Audit reports.
General
PART VI
168. Constitution of Legislatures in States.
THE STATES
CHAPTER I. GENERAL 169. Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.
152. Definition. 170. Composition of the Legislative Assemblies.

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171. Composition of the Legislative Councils. 191. Disqualifications for membership.
172. Duration of State Legislatures. 192. Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.
173. Qualification for membership of the State Legislature.
193. Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation
174. Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.
under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified.
175. Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or
Houses. Powers, privileges and immunities of State Legislatures and
176. Special address by the Governor. their Members
177. Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the 194. Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the
Houses. members and committees thereof.
Officers of the State Legislature 195. Salaries and allowances of members.
178. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.
Legislative Procedure
179. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of
Speaker and Deputy Speaker. 196. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
180. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the 197. Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other
duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker. than Money Bills.
181. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a
198. Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
182. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council. 199. Definition of “Money Bills”.
183. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of 200. Assent to Bills.
Chairman and Deputy Chairman. 201. Bills reserved for consideration.
184. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the
duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman. Procedure in Financial Matters
185. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a 202. Annual financial statement.
resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. 203. Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates.
186. Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and
the Chairman and Deputy Chairman. 204. Appropriation Bills.
187. Secretariat of State Legislature. 205. Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
Conduct of Business 206. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
188. Oath or affirmation by members. 207. Special provisions as to financial Bills.
189. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding Procedure Generally
vacancies and quorum.
208. Rules of procedure.
Disqualifications of Members
209. Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in
190. Vacation of seats.
relation to financial business.
ARTICLES ARTICLES
210. Language to be used in the Legislature. 229. Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts.
211. Restriction on discussion in the Legislature. 230. Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.
212. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature. 231. Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.
CHAPTER IV.LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE [232. Articles 230, 231 and 232 substituted by articles 230 and 231].
GOVERNOR CHAPTER VI.SUBORDINATE COURTS
213. Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of 233. Appointment of district judges.
Legislature. 233A. Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by,
CHAPTER V.THE HIGH COURTS IN THE certain district judges.
STATES
234. Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial
214. High Courts for States.
service.
215. High Courts to be courts of record. 235. Control over subordinate courts.
216. Constitution of High Courts. 236. Interpretation.
217. Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High 237. Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or
Court. classes of magistrates.
218. Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to [PART VII.—Omitted]
High Courts. THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE
219. Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts. [238. Omitted.]
220. Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge. PART VIII
221. Salaries, etc., of Judges. THE UNION TERRITORIES
239. Administration of Union territories.
222. Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another.
239A. Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for
223. Appointment of acting Chief Justice. certain Union territories.
224. Appointment of additional and acting Judges. 239AA. Special provisions with respect to Delhi.
239AB. Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.
224A. Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.
239B. Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess
225. Jurisdiction of existing High Courts. of Legislature.
226. Power of High Courts to issue certain writs. 240. Power of President to make regulations for certain Union
territories.
[226A. Constitutional validity of Central laws not to be considered in
proceedings under article 226.Omitted.] 241. High Courts for Union territories.
227. Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court. [242. Coorg.Omitted.]
228. Transfer of certain cases to High Court. PART IX
THE PANCHAYATS
[228A. Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to
constitutional validity of State laws.Omitted.] 243. Definitions.

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ARTICLES ARTICLES
243A. Gram Sabha. 243Z. Audit of accounts of Municipalities.
243B. Constitution of Panchayats. 243ZA. Elections to the Municipalities.
243C. Composition of Panchayats. 243ZB. Application to Union territories.
243D. Reservation of seats.
243ZC. Part not to apply to certain areas.
243E. Duration of Panchayats, etc.
243ZD. Committee for district planning.
243F. Disqualifications for membership.
243ZE. Committee for Metropolitan planning.
243G. Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
243ZF. Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities.
243H. Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.
243ZG. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
243-I. Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial
PART IXB
position.
THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
243J. Audit of accounts of Panchayats.
243ZH. Definitions.
243K. Elections to the Panchayats.
243Z-I. Incorporation of co-operative societies.
243L. Application to Union territories. 243ZJ. Number and term of members of board and its office bearers.
243M. Part not to apply to certain areas. 243ZK. Election of members of board.
243N. Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats. 243ZL. Supersession and suspension of board and interim management.
243-O. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters. 243ZM. Audit of accounts of co-operative societies.
PART IXA 243ZN. Convening of general body meetings.
THE MUNICIPALITIES 243Z-O. Right of a member to get information.
243P. Definitions. 243ZP. Returns.
243Q. Constitution of Municipalities. 243ZQ. Offences and penalties.
243R. Composition of Municipalities. 243ZR. Application to multi-State co-operative societies.
243ZS. Application to Union territories.
243S. Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.
243ZT. Continuance of existing laws.
243T. Reservation of seats.
PART X
243U. Duration of Municipalities, etc.
THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS
243V. Disqualifications for membership. 244. Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.
243W. Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc. 244A. Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal
243X. Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities. areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of
Ministers or both therefor.
243Y. Finance Commission.
ARTICLES ARTICLES
PART XI 258A. Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union.
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE Armed Forces in States in Part B of the First
STATES [259.
Schedule.Omitted.]
CHAPTER I.LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS 260. Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India.
Distribution of Legislative Powers 261. Public acts, records and judicial proceedings.
245. Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of Disputes relating to Waters
States. 262. Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers
246. Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the or river valleys.
Legislatures of States. Co-ordination between States
246A. Special provision with respect to goods and services tax. 263. Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council.
247. Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain PART XII
additional courts. FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS
248. Residuary powers of legislation. CHAPTER I.FINANCE
249. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the General
State List in the national interest. 264. Interpretation.
250. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the 265. Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.
State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation. 266. Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the
251. Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles States.
249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States. 267. Contingency Fund.
252. Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by Distribution of Revenues between the Union and the States
consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State. 268. Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the
253. Legislation for giving effect to international agreements. States.
254. Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made [268A. Service tax levied by Union and collected by the Union and the
by the Legislatures of States. States.Omitted.]
255. Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to 269. Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the
be regarded as matters of procedure only. States.
CHAPTER II. ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS 269A. Levy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-
General State trade or commerce.
256. Obligation of States and the Union. 270. Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States.
257. Control of the Union over States in certain cases. 271. Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.
[272. Taxes which are levied and collected by the Union and may be
[257A. Assistance to States by deployment of armed forces or other
distributed between the Union and the States.Omitted.]
forces of the Union.Omitted.]
273. Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products.
258. Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain
274. Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting
cases.
taxation in which States are interested.

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275. Grants from the Union to certain States. CHAPTER III. PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS,
276. Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments. LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS
294. Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations
277. Savings. in certain cases.
[278. Agreement with States in Part B of the First Schedule with 295. Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations
regard to certain financial matters.Omitted.] in other cases.
279. Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc. 296. Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia.

279A. Goods and Services Tax Council. 297. Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and
resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union.
280. Finance Commission. 298. Power to carry on trade, etc.
281. Recommendations of the Finance Commission. 299. Contracts.
Miscellaneous Financial Provisions 300. Suits and proceedings.
282. Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its CHAPTER IV. RIGHT TO PROPERTY
revenues. 300A. Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.
283. Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and
moneys credited to the public accounts. PART XIII
284. Custody of suitors’ deposits and other moneys received by TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE
public servants and courts. WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA
285. Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation. 301. Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse.
302. Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce
286. Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of and intercourse.
goods. 303. Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the
287. Exemption from taxes on electricity. States with regard to trade and commerce.
288. Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or 304. Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States.
electricity in certain cases. 305. Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.
289. Exemption of property and income of a State from Union
taxation. [306. Power of certain States in Part B of the First Schedule to
290. Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions. impose restrictions on trade and commerce.Omitted]
290A. Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds. 307. Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of
[291. Privy purse sums of Rulers.Omitted.] articles 301 to 304.
PART XIV
CHAPTER II. BORROWING
SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES
292. Borrowing by the Government of India.
CHAPTER I. SERVICES
293. Borrowing by States.
308. Interpretation.
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309. Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the PART XV

Union or a State. ELECTIONS
310. Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State. 324. Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested
311. Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in in an Election Commission.
civil capacities under the Union or a State. 325. No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be
included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race,
312. All-India services. caste or sex.
312A. Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of 326. Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative
officers of certain services. Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.
327. Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections
313. Transitional provisions. to Legislatures.
[314. Provision for protection of existing officers of certain services. 328. Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to
Omitted.] elections to such Legislature.
329. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
CHAPTER II.—PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
[329A. Special provision as to elections to Parliament in the case of
315. Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.
Prime Minister and Speaker.Omitted.]
316. Appointment and term of office of members. PART XVI
317. Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN
Commission. CLASSES
330. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
318. Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of in the House of the People.
members and staff of the Commission. 331. Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of
319. Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of the People.
Commission on ceasing to be such members. 332. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
320. Functions of Public Service Commissions.
333. Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the
321. Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions. Legislative Assemblies of the States.
322. Expenses of Public Service Commissions. 334. Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after
certain period.
323. Reports of Public Service Commissions. 335. Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services
PART XIVA and posts.
336. Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain
TRIBUNALS
services.
323A. Administrative tribunals. 337. Special provision with respect to educational grants for the
323B. Tribunals for other matters. benefit of Anglo-Indian Community.

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ARTICLES ARTICLES
338. National Commission for Scheduled Castes. 350B. Special Officer for linguistic minorities.
338A. National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. 351. Directive for development of the Hindi language.
338B. National Commission for Backward Classes. PART XVIII
339. Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes. 352. Proclamation of Emergency.
340. Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of 353. Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.
backward classes. 354. Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues
341. Scheduled Castes. while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.
342. Scheduled Tribes. 355. Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression
and internal disturbance.
342A. Socially and educationally backward classes. 356. Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in
PART XVII States.
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE 357. Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under
article 356.
CHAPTER I.—LANGUAGE OF THE UNION 358. Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies.
343. Official language of the Union.
359. Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III
344. Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language. during emergencies.
[359A. Application of this Part to the State of Punjab.Omitted.]
CHAPTER II. REGIONAL LANGUAGES
345. Official language or languages of a State. 360. Provisions as to financial emergency.
346. Official language for communication between one State and PART XIX
another or between a State and the Union. MISCELLANEOUS
347. Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the 361. Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs.
population of a State. 361A. Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State
Legislatures.
CHAPTER III.LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT,
361B. Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post.
HIGH COURTS, ETC.
348. Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High [362. Rights and privileges of Rulers of Indian States.Omitted.]
Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc. 363. Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain
349. Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to treaties, agreements, etc.
language. 363A. Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy
CHAPTER IV.SPECIAL DIRECTIVES purses to be abolished.
350. Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances. 364. Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes.
350A. Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage. 365. Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions
given by the Union.
 ARTICLES ARTICLES
366. Definitions. 375. Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to
367. Interpretation. the provisions of the Constitution.
PART XX 376. Provisions as to Judges of High Courts.
AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION 377. Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
368. Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure
therefor. 378. Provisions as to Public Service Commissions.
PART XXI 378A. Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative
TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND Assembly.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS [379. Provisions as to provisional Parliament and the Speaker and
369. Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to Deputy Speaker thereof.Omitted.]
certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the
Concurrent List. [380. Provision as to President. Omitted.]
370. Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and [381.
Kashmir. Council of Ministers of the President.Omitted.]
371. Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and [382. Provisions as to provisional Legislatures for States in Part A of
Gujarat. the First Schedule. -- Omitted.]
371A. Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland.
[383. Provision as to Governors of Provinces. -- Omitted.]
371B . Special provision with respect to the State of Assam.
[384. Council of Ministers of the Governors.Omitted.]
371C. Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur.
[385. Provision as to provisional Legislatures in States in Part B of the
371D. Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh or
First Schedule.Omitted.]
the State of Telangana.
371E. Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh. [386. Council of Ministers for States in Part B of the First Schedule. -
371F. Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim. - Omitted.]

371G. Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram. [387. Special provision as to determination of population for the
purposes of certain elections.Omitted.]
371H. Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.
[388. Provisions as to the filling of casual vacancies in the provisional
371-I. Special provision with respect to the State of Goa.
Parliament and provisional Legislatures of the States.
371J. Special provisions with respect to the State of Karnataka. Omitted.]
372. Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation. [389. Provision as to Bills pending in the Dominion Legislatures and
372A. Power of the President to adapt laws. in the Legislatures of Provinces and Indian States.Omitted.]
373. Power of President to make order in respect of persons under [390. Money received or raised or expenditure incurred between the
preventive detention in certain cases. commencement of the Constitution and the 31st day of March,
374. Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings 1950. Omitted.]
pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council.

(xxvii) Contents (xxviii) Contents

ARTICLES ARTICLES

[391. Power of the President to amend the First and Fourth Schedules FIFTH SCHEDULE—
in certain contingencies.Omitted.] Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas
392. Power of the President to remove difficulties. and Scheduled Tribes
PART XXII PART A—General.
PART B—Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT,
AUTHORITATIVE TEXT PART C— Scheduled Areas.
PART D—Amendment of the Schedule.
IN HINDI AND REPEALS
SIXTH SCHEDULE—
393. Short title.
Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of
394. Commencement. Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
394A. Authoritative text in the Hindi language. SEVENTH SCHEDULE—
395. Repeals. List I — Union List.
SCHEDULES List II— State List.
List III— Concurrent List.
FIRST SCHEDULE
EIGHTH SCHEDULE— Languages.
I. —The States.
NINTH SCHEDULE—Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
II. —The Union territories.
TENTH SCHEDULE— Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection.
SECOND SCHEDULE ELEVENTH SCHEDULE— Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
PART A—Provisions as to the President and the Governors of States. TWELFTH SCHEDULE— Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
PART B— [Omitted.] APPENDICES
PART C—Provisions as to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the APPENDIX I.—The Constitution (One Hundredth Amendment) Act, 2015.
House of the People and the Chairman and the Deputy APPENDIX II.—The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019.
Chairman of the Council of States and the Speaker and APPENDIX III.— Declaration under article 370(3) of the Constitution.
the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the
Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative
Council of a State.
PART D— Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts.
PART E— Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
THIRD SCHEDULE— Forms of Oaths or Affirmations.
FOURTH SCHEDULE—Allocation of seats in the Council of States.