DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
DATA SCIENCE
UNIT –I CONCEPTUAL DATA MODELING
Database environment – Database system development lifecycle -
Requirements collection – Database design -- Entity-Relationship model –
Enhanced-ER model – UML class diagrams.
PART –A (2 MARKS)
[Link] CO RBT
1 Explain the applications of DBMS? (APR/MAY 2019) 1 AP
Ans :
Railway Reservation System,
library Management System,
Banking and
Tele communication
Education sector.
2 Define data model?(APR/MAY 2011) 1 U
A data model is a collection of conceptual tools for describing
data, data relationships, data semantics,and consistency constraints
3 Mention the steps in Database development lifecycle. 1 U
Ans :
Database planning
System definition
Requirements collection and analysis
Database design (conceptual, logical, physical)
DBMS selection (optional)
Application design
Prototyping (optional)
Implementation
Data conversion and loading
Testing
Operational maintenance
4 What is database design? 1 U
Ans : Database design is the organization of data according to a
database model. The designer determines what data must be stored
and how the data elements interrelate. With this information, they
can begin to fit the data to the database model
5 Define entity-relationship model (MAY/JUNE 2016) 2 U
Ans : The entity-relationship model is a collection of basic objects
called entities and relationships among those
objects. An entity is a thing or object in the real world that is
distinguishable from other objects.
6 Define single-valued and multivalued attributes. (NOV/DEC 2 U
2013)
Ans:Single valued attributes: Attributes with a single value for a
particular entity are called single-valued attributes. Multivalued
attributes: Attributes with a set of values for a particular entity
are called multivalued attributes.
7 What is the enhanced ER model? 2 U
Ans : The enhanced entity–relationship (EER) model (or extended
entity–relationship model) in computer science is a high-level or
conceptual data model incorporating
extensions to the original entity–relationship (ER) model, used in
the design of databases
8 What is the UML diagram? 2 U
Ans : A class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML)
is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a
system by showing the system’s classes, their attributes,
operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects.
9 Draw the UML diagram hierarchy 2 AP
10 Mention the advantages of DBMS.(MAY/JUNE 2016) 1 U
Ans :
a) Controlling redundancy
b) Restricting unauthorized access
c) Providing multiple user interfaces
d) Enforcing integrity constraints.
e) Providing backup and recovery.
11 List the features of a database. 1 U
Ans :
It is a persistent (stored) collection of related data.
The data is input (stored) only once.
Data is organized (in some fashion).
The data is accessible and can be queried (effectively and
efficiently).
12 What is data model? Explain various data models with 1 U
example? (APR/MAY 2011)
Ans : There are three main models of data modeling like
conceptual, logical, and physical. A conceptual model is used to
establish the entities, attributes, and relationships. A logical data
model is to define the structure of the data elements and set the
relationship between them. Finally, the physical model is used to
specify the database-centric implementation of the model.
13 Give the limitations of ER model? How do you overcome this? 2 U
Ans : The entity relationship model is a collection of basic objects
called entities And relationship among those objects. An entity is a
thing or object in the Real world that is distinguishable from other
objects.
14 Define the terms i) Entity set ii) Relationship set (APR/MAY 2 U
2019)
Entity set: The set of all entities of the same type is termed an
entity set.
Relationship set: The set of all relationships of the same type is
termed as a relationship set.
15 List the characters of conceptual data model. 1 U
Ans : An overall view of the structure of the data in a business
context. Features that are independent of any database or physical
storage structure. Objects that may not ever be implemented in
physical databases.
16 What is an entity relationship model?(MAY/JUNE 2016) 2 U
Ans:The entity-relationship model is a collection of basic objects
called entities and relationships among those objects. An entity is
a thing or object in the real world that is distinguishable from
other objects
17 Define the concept of specialization in E-R diagram(AU-DEC 2 U
2022)
Ans:Specialization is a process of identifying subsets of an entity
that share some different characteristic. It is a top down approach
in which one entity is broken down into low level entity.
18 What is sequence diagram?why do we use it?(AU-DEC 2022) 2 AP
Ans:A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram because
it describes how and in what order a group of objects works
[Link] sequence diagram is used to show the interactions
between objects in the sequential order that those interactions
occur.
19 What are the disadvantages of a file processing system? 1 U
(understanding)(MAY/JUNE 2016)
The disadvantages of file processing systems are
a) Data redundancy and inconsistency
b) Difficulty in accessing data
c) Data isolation
d) Integrity problems
e) Atomicity problems
f) Concurrent access anomalies
20 Who is a DBA? What are the responsibilities of a DBA? 1 U
(APR/MAY 2011)
A database administrator (short form DBA) is a person
responsible for the installation, configuration,
upgrade, administration, monitoring, and maintenance of
databases in an organization. The role includes
the development and design of database strategies, system
monitoring and improving database performance and capacity, and
planning for future expansion requirements. They may also
plan,coordinate and implement security measures to safeguard the
database.
PART-B (16 MARKS)
S. RBT
NO
1 Briefly explain about Views of data. (MAY/JUNE 2016)
A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an
abstract view of data. Ie., the system hides certain details of how
the data are stored and maintained.
Three Schema Architecture:
Separates the user applications and physical database. Schemas can
be defined in threelevels:
(i) Internal Level:
It has an internal schema which describes physical storage structure
of the database.
How the data are actually stored uses physical model
describes the complete details of data storage and access
paths for the database.e.g.,customer
1 U
(ii) Conceptual Level:
It has an conceptual schema which describes the structure
of whole database
What data are stored and what relationships exist among
data.
Uses high level or implementational data model.
Hides the details of physical storage structures and
describes datatypes, relationships, operations and
constraints.
iii) External or View Level:
Includes a number of external schemas or views.
Each external schema describes the part of the database
and hides the rest.
Uses high level or implementation data model.
2 With help of a neat block diagram explain the basic
architecture of a database management system. (NOV/DEC
2017)
