19-1226; Rev 0; 4/97

Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
_______________General Description ____________________________Features

MAX965–MAX970
The MAX965–MAX970 single/dual/quad micropower ♦ Ultra-Low Single-Supply Operation down to +1.6V
comparators feature Rail-to-Rail® inputs and outputs, and
fully specified single-supply operation down to +1.6V. ♦ Rail-to-Rail Common-Mode Input Voltage Range
These devices draw less than 5µA per comparator and ♦ 3µA Quiescent Supply Current per Comparator
have open-drain outputs that can be pulled beyond VCC
to 6V (max) above ground. In addition, their rail-to-rail ♦ Open-Drain Outputs Swing Beyond VCC
input common-mode voltage range makes these com- ♦ 1.235V ±1.5% Precision Internal Reference
parators suitable for ultra-low-voltage operation.
(MAX965/967/968/969)
A +1.6V to +5.5V single-supply operating voltage range
makes the MAX965 family of comparators ideal for 2-cell ♦ 10µs Propagation Delay (50mV overdrive)
battery-powered applications. The MAX965/MAX967/ ♦ Available in Space-Saving Packages:
MAX968/MAX969 offer programmable hysteresis and 8-Pin µMAX (MAX965–MAX968)
an internal 1.235V ±1.5% reference. All devices are 16-Pin QSOP (MAX969/MAX970)
available in either space-saving 8-pin µMAX or 16-pin
QSOP packages.

________________________Applications
2-Cell Battery-Powered/Portable Systems
______________Ordering Information
Window Comparators
PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
Threshold Detectors/Discriminators
MAX965ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
Mobile Communications
MAX965EUA -40°C to +85°C 8 µMAX
Voltage-Level Translation
MAX966ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
Ground/Supply-Sensing Applications MAX966EUA -40°C to +85°C 8 µMAX
MAX967ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
_____________________Selector Guide MAX967EUA -40°C to +85°C 8 µMAX
Ordering Information continued on last page.
PROGRAMMABLE
COMPARATORS

Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet.

HYSTERESIS
REFERENCE
INTERNAL

PACKAGE
PART

PER

__________Typical Operating Circuit

MAX965 Yes 1 Yes VIN VCC

MAX966 No 2 No 7

3 IN+ VCC
RPULL-UP
MAX967 Yes 2 Yes
OUT 8

4 IN- VOUT
MAX968 Yes 2 Yes
5 HYST
MAX969 Yes 4 Yes
6 REF
MAX965
MAX970 No 4 No 1.235V
GND
1
Rail-to-Rail is a registered trademark of Nippon Motorola Ltd.

________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1

For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
MAX965–MAX970

Supply Voltage (VCC) ............................................................+6V 8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.10mW/°C above +70°C) ..........330mW
Voltages 14-Pin SO (derate 8.33mW/°C above +70°C).............667mW
IN_-, IN_+, REF, HYST ..........................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) 16-Pin SO (derate 8.70mW/°C above +70°C).............696mW
OUT_ ...............................................................-0.3V to +6.0V 16-Pin QSOP (derate 5.70mW/°C above +70°C)........457mW
Duration of OUT_ Short Circuit to GND or VCC ..........Continuous Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Continuous Power Dissipation Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C)...............471mW Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +1.6V to +5.5V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 3V and TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
POWER SUPPLIES
All packages, TA = 0°C to +85°C 1.6 5.5
Supply Voltage Range VCC SO/QSOP packages, TA = -40°C to +85°C 1.7 5.5 V
µMAX package, TA = -40°C to +85°C 1.8 5.5
Comparator Minimum
1.0 V
Operating Voltage
MAX965 7.0 12
MAX966 6.0 10
Supply Current ICC MAX967/MAX968 10 16 µA
MAX969 14 22
MAX970 11 18
Power-Up Time
VCC stepped 0V to 5V 20 µs
(VCC to output valid)
COMPARATOR
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR 1.7V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V 0.1 1.0 mV/V
TA = +25°C -0.25 VCC V
Common-Mode Voltage Range VCMR
TA = -40°C to +85°C -0.25 VCC - 0.25 V
SO package 3.0
Common-mode
range = -0.25V QSOP package 4.0
to 1.3V, µMAX 0°C to +85°C 4.0
VCC > 1.8V package -40°C to +85°C 6.0
Input Offset Voltage VOS mV
SO package 7.0
Full common- QSOP package 10.0
mode range µMAX 0°C to +85°C 10.0
package -40°C to +85°C 15.0
Input Hysteresis VHYST HYST = REF ±1 mV
Common-mode range = -0.25V to (VCC - 0.25V) 0.001 ±5
Input Bias Current IB nA
Full common-mode range, TA = +25°C 0.001 ±50
Input Offset Current IOS 0.2 pA
Input Capacitance CIN 7.0 pF

2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

MAX965–MAX970
(VCC = +1.6V to +5.5V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 3V and TA = +25°C.)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR 1.5 4.0 mV/V
VREF -
HYST Input Voltage Range VREF V
0.05
HYST Input Leakage IHYST ±5 nA
Hysteresis Gain 1.0 V/V
Input Voltage Noise en f = 100Hz to 100kHz, CREF = 1000pF 10 µVRMS
IOUT = 100µA, 1.6V < VCC < 2.7V 0.2
OUT Output Voltage Low VOL V
IOUT = 500µA, 2.7V < VCC < 5.5V 0.4
RPULL-UP = 1MΩ, 10mV overdrive 20
Propagation Delay tPD- µs
CLOAD = 15pF, high to low 50mV overdrive 10
REFERENCE
SO package 1.125 1.235 1.255
QSOP package 1.205 1.235 1.265
Reference Voltage VREF V
µMAX package, TA = 0°C to +85°C 1.205 1.235 1.265
V
µMAX package, TA = -40°C to +85°C 1.185 1.235 1.285
Source Current IREF+ HYST = REF 15 50 µA
Sink Current IREF- 200 400 nA
Output Voltage Noise f = 100Hz to 100kHz, CREF = 0.1µF 10 µVRMS

__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics

(VCC = +3.0V, RPULL-UP = 100kΩ, VCM = 0V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

MAX965 SUPPLY CURRENT MAX966 SUPPLY CURRENT MAX967/MAX968 SUPPLY CURRENT

vs. TEMPERATURE vs. TEMPERATURE vs. TEMPERATURE
13 9.0 15
MAX965-TOC2b

MAX965-TOC3b
MAX965-TOC1b

12 8.5 14
11 8.0 13
VCC = 5.0V
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

10 7.5 12
VCC = 5.0V
9 7.0 11
VCC = 5.0V
8 6.5 10
VCC = 3.0V VCC = 3.0V
7 6.0 VCC = 3.0V 9

6 5.5 8
VCC = 2.0V
5 5.0 7
VCC = 2.0V VCC = 2.0V
4 4.5 VIN+ > VIN- 6 VIN+ > VIN-
VIN+ > VIN-
3 4.0 5
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
MAX965–MAX970

_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(VCC = +3.0V, RPULL-UP = 100kΩ, VCM = 0V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR
MAX969 SUPPLY CURRENT MAX970 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE vs. TEMPERATURE (EXCLUDES REFERENCE CURRENT)
20 16 3.5

MAX965-TOC4b

MAX965-TOC6b
MAX965-TOC5b

SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR (µA)

15 3.0
18
14
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

16 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 2.5

13
VCC = 5.0V
VCC = 5.0V 12 2.0
14
11 1.5
VCC = 3.0V VCC = 3.0V
12 10
1.0
9 VCC = 2.0V
10
0.5
VCC = 2.0V 8
VIN+ > VIN- VIN+ > VIN- VIN+ > VIN-
8 7 0
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

MAX965 SUPPLY CURRENT

vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE COMPARATOR OUTPUT SHORT-CIRCUIT COMPARATOR OUTPUT
(INCLUDES REFERENCE CURRENT) SINK CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE LOW VOLTAGE vs. SINK CURRENT
14 14 5.0

MAX965/70-09a
MAX965/70 -TOC8a
MAX965/70-TOC7a

OUTPUT SHORT-CIRCUIT SINK CURRENT (mA)

VIN+ < VIN- VIN+ = < VIN-

4.5
12 12
VCC = 5V 4.0
OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V)

10
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

10 3.5

8 3.0
8
2.5
6 6 VCC = 2V VCC = 3V
2.0
VCC = 3V
4 4 1.5 VCC = 5V
VCC = 2V 1.0
2 2
0.5
VIN+ > VIN-
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) SINK CURRENT (mA)

PROPAGATION DELAY (tPD-) PROPAGATION DELAY (tPD-) PROPAGATION DELAY (tPD-)

vs. TEMPERATURE vs. CAPACITIVE LOAD vs. INPUT OVERDRIVE
14 70 30
MAX965-TOC10a

MAX965-TOC12a
MAX4108/9-11a

13 VOD = 50mV
60 25
12 VCC = 2.0V
11 50
20
10
DELAY (µs)

VCC = 3.0V
DELAY (µs)

DELAY (µs)

VCC = 5.0V 40 VCC = 2.0V

9 15
30 VCC = 2.0V
8 VCC = 3.0V VCC = 3.0V
10
7 20
6 VCC = 5.0V
5
10
5
VOD = 50mV VCC = 5.0V
4 0 0
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
TEMPERATURE (°C) CAPACITIVE LOAD (µF) INPUT OVERDRIVE (mV)

4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators

MAX965–MAX970
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = +3.0V, RPULL-UP = 100kΩ, VCM = 0V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE INPUT BIAS CURRENT
vs. OUTPUT TRANSITION FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATURE vs. TEMPERATURE
4.0 200 4.0
MAX965/70 TOC13A

MAX965/70-TOC15a
MAX965/70-TOC14a
SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR (µA)

190 VCC = 5.0V

3.8 3.5
3.6 INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV) 180

INPUT BIAS CURRENT (pA)

3.0
3.4 170
2.5
3.2 160
3.0 VCC = 5.5V 150 2.0

2.8 140 1.5

2.6 130
1.0
2.4 VCC = 1.6V 120 VCC = 3.0V
0.5
2.2 110
2.0 100 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
OUTPUT TRANSITION FREQUENCY (kHz) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

PROGRAMMED HYSTERESIS REFERENCE VOLTAGE REFERENCE VOLTAGE

vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
40 1.2345 1.239
MAX965/70 TOC6a
MAX965/70 TOC16

MAX965/70-TOC13
35 1.237
VCC = 5V
PROGRAMMED HYSTERESIS (mV)

1.2340
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)

1.235
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
30

25 1.2335 1.233

20 1.231
1.2330 1.229
15
VCC = 2V
10 1.227
1.2325
5 VCC = 5.0V 1.225
VCC = 3V
VHYST = 22mV (PROGRAMMED)
0 1.2320 1.223
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 1.0 1.8 2.6 3.4 4.2 5.0 5.8
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) VCC (V)

REFERENCE VOLTAGE
vs. SOURCE CURRENT PROPAGATION DELAY (tPD+) PROPAGATION DELAY (tPD-)
1.4 MAX965/70-TOC15 MAX965/70-TOC16b
MAX965/70-TOC18a

VCC = 3V VCC = 3V
1.3

1.2 IN+ IN+

REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)

50mV/div 50mV/div
1.1

1.0

0.9
OUT
0.8 OUT
2V/div
2V/div
0.7

0.6
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2µs/div 2µs/div
SOURCE CURRENT (µA)

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
MAX965–MAX970

_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(VCC = +3.0V, RPULL-UP = 100kΩ, VCM = 0V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

POWER-UP/DOWN RESPONSE 10kHz RESPONSE

MAX965/70-TOC17 MAX965/70-TOC18

IN+
50mV/div
VCC
2V/div

OUT
OUT 1V/div
2V/div

5µs/div 20µs/div

_____________________________________________________________Pin Descriptions
MAX965–MAX968
PIN
NAME FUNCTION
MAX965 MAX966 MAX967 MAX968

— 1 1 1 OUTA Comparator A Open-Drain Output

1 2 2 2 GND Ground

2 — — — N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected.

3 — — — IN+ Comparator Noninverting Input

— 3 3 3 INA+ Comparator A Noninverting Input

4 — — — IN- Comparator Inverting Input

— 4 — — INA- Comparator A Inverting Input

— 5 — 4 INB- Comparator B Inverting Input

— 6 4 — INB+ Comparator B Noninverting Input

Hysteresis Input. Connect HYST to REF if not used. Input voltage range
5 — 5 5 HYST
is from VREF to (VREF - 50mV).
6 — 6 6 REF Internal Reference Output. Typically 1.235V with respect to GND.

7 7 7 7 VCC Positive Supply Voltage, +1.6V to +5.5V

8 — — — OUT Comparator Open-Drain Output

— 8 8 8 OUTB Comparator B Open-Drain Output

6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators

MAX965–MAX970
________________________________________________Pin Descriptions (continued)
MAX969/MAX970
PIN

MAX970 NAME FUNCTION

MAX969
SO QSOP
1 1 1 OUTB Comparator B Open-Drain Output
2 2 2 OUTA Comparator A Open-Drain Output
3 3 3 VCC Positive Supply Voltage, +1.6V to +5.5V
4 4 4 INA- Comparator A Inverting Input
5 5 5 INA+ Comparator A Noninverting Input
6 6 6 INB- Comparator B Inverting Input
7 7 7 INB+ Comparator B Noninverting Input
— — 8, 9 N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected.
8 — — REF Internal Reference Output. Typically 1.235V with respect to GND.
Hysteresis Input. Connect to REF if not used. Input voltage range is
9 — — HYST
from (VREF - 50mV) to VREF.
10 8 10 INC- Comparator C Inverting Input
11 9 11 INC+ Comparator C Noninverting Input
12 10 12 IND- Comparator D Inverting Input
13 11 13 IND+ Comparator D Noninverting Input
14 12 14 GND Ground
15 13 15 OUTD Comparator D Open-Drain Output
16 14 16 OUTC Comparator C Open-Drain Output

_______________Detailed Description tor configured as a dual voltage monitor with common

hysteresis adjustment and a reference output. The dual
The MAX965–MAX970 single/dual/quad, micropower,
MAX968 is similar to the MAX967, but is configured as
ultra-low-voltage comparators feature Rail-to-Rail®
a window comparator. The MAX969 is a quad com-
inputs and outputs and an internal 1.235V ±1.5%
parator with a common hysteresis adjustment and a ref-
bandgap reference. These devices operate from a sin-
erence output pin. The MAX970 is a quad comparator
gle +1.6V to +5.5V supply voltage range, and consume
without a reference and without hysteresis adjustment.
less than 5µA supply current per comparator over the
(See Functional Diagrams and Selector Guide.)
extended temperature range. Internal hysteresis is pro-
grammable up to ±50mV using two external resistors Comparator Input
and the device’s internal reference. The rail-to-rail input The MAX965–MAX970 have a -0.25V to VCC input com-
common-mode voltage range and the open-drain out- mon-mode range. Both comparator inputs may operate
puts allow easy voltage-level conversion for multivolt- at any differential voltage within the common-mode
age systems. All inputs and outputs can tolerate a voltage range, and the comparator displays the correct
continuous short-circuit fault condition to either rail. output logic state.
The MAX965 is a single comparator with adjustable Low-Voltage Operation: VCC Down to 1V
hysteresis and a reference output pin. The MAX966 is a The minimum operating voltage is 1.6V. As the supply
dual comparator without the reference and without voltage falls below 1.6V, performance degrades
adjustable hysteresis. The MAX967 is a dual compara- and supply current falls. The reference does not
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
MAX965–MAX970

________________________________________________________Functional Diagrams

VCC VCC
IN+ OUTA OUTB

OUT
MAX966
IN-

HYST

REF MAX965 INA+ INB+

+ INA- INB-
1.235V REF
GND GND

VCC VCC
INA+ INA+

OUTA OUTA

REF REF

HYST HYST
REF REF

1.235V 1.235V
OUTB OUTB

INB+ INB-

GND MAX967 GND MAX968

VCC VCC
OUTB OUTC OUTB OUTC

OUTA OUTD OUTA OUTD

INA- IND+ INA- IND+

INA+ IND- INA+ IND-

INB- INC+ INB- INC+

INB+ INC- INB+ INC-

REF +

1.235V REF MAX969 MAX970

GND HYST GND

8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
function below about 1.5V, although the comparators Noise Considerations

MAX965–MAX970
typically continue to operate with a supply voltage as The comparator has an effective wideband peak-to-
low as 1V. At low supply voltages (<1.6V), the input peak noise of around 10µV. The voltage reference has
common-mode range remains rail-to-rail, but the com- peak-to-peak noise approaching 1.0mV with a 0.1µF
parator’s output sink capability is reduced and propa- bypass capacitor. Thus, when a comparator is used
gation delay increases (see Typical Operating with the reference, the combined peak-to-peak noise is
Characteristics). about 1.0mV. This, of course, is much higher than the
Figure 1 shows a typical comparator application that individual components’ RMS noise. Avoid capacitive
monitors VCC at 1.6V. Resistor divider R1/R2 sets the coupling from any output to the reference pin. Crosstalk
voltage trip point (VTRIP) at 1.6V. As VCC drops below can significantly increase the references’ actual noise.
1.6V and approaches 1V, the reference voltage typical- __________Applications Information
ly falls below the divider voltage (V+). This causes the
comparator output to change state. If OUT’s state must Hysteresis
be maintained under these conditions, a latching circuit Many comparators oscillate in the linear region of oper-
is required. ation because of noise or undesired parasitic feed-
Comparator Output back. This tends to occur when the voltage on one
The MAX965–MAX970 contain a unique slew-rate- input is equal or very close to the voltage on the other
controlled output stage capable of rail-to-rail operation input. The MAX965–MAX970 have internal hysteresis to
with an external pull-up resistor. Typical comparators counter parasitic effects and noise. In addition, with the
consume orders of magnitude more current during use of external resistor, the MAX965/MAX967/
switching than during steady-state operation. With the MAX968/MAX969’s hysteresis can be programmed to
MAX965 family of comparators, during an output transi- as much as ±50mV (see the section Adding Hysteresis
tion from high to low, the output slew rate is limited to to the MAX965/MAX967/MAX968/MAX969).
minimize switching current. The hysteresis in a comparator creates two trip points:
Voltage Reference one for the rising input voltage and one for the falling
With VCC greater than 1.6V but less than 5.5V, the inter- input voltage (Figure 2). The difference between the trip
nal 1.235V bandgap reference is ±1.5% accurate over points is the hysteresis. When the comparator’s input
the commercial temperature range and ±2.5% accu- voltages are equal, the hysteresis effectively causes
rate over the extended temperature range. The REF one comparator input voltage to move quickly past the
output is typically capable of sourcing 50µA. To reduce other, thus taking the input out of the region where
reference noise or to provide noise immunity, bypass oscillation occurs.
REF with a capacitor (0.1nF to 0.1µF).

VCC

VCC 1.6V
IN+ THRESHOLDS

1.0V V+
VREF
R1 47k t HYSTERESIS
IN-
100k BAND
VREF - VHYST VHB
V+
VCC
R2 150k OUT
GND
REF

MAX965 OUT
VTRIP = 1.22 R1 + 1
R2
V
R1 = TRIP - 1 x R2
1.22

Figure 1. Operation below 1.6V Figure 2. Threshold Hysteresis Band

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
Figure 2 illustrates the case in which IN- has a fixed Due to the internal structure of the input developed for
MAX965–MAX970

voltage applied, and IN+ is varied. If the inputs were ultra-low-voltage operation, the hysteresis band varies
reversed, the figure would be the same, except with an with common-mode voltage. The graph Programmed
inverted output. Hysteresis vs. Common-Mode Voltage in the Typical
Operating Characteristics shows this variation. Notice
Adding Hysteresis to the that the hysteresis band increases to almost twice the
MAX965/MAX967/MAX968/MAX969 calculated value toward the ends of the common-mode
To add hysteresis to the MAX965/MAX967/MAX968/ range. This is apparent only when programming addi-
MAX969, connect resistor R1 between REF and HYST, tional hysteresis using the HYST pin. The hysteresis
and connect resistor R2 between HYST and GND band is constant when HYST is connected to REF.
(Figure 3). If additional hysteresis is not required,
connect HYST to REF. When hysteresis is added, the Adding Hysteresis to the MAX966/MAX970
upper and lower trip points change by the same The MAX966/MAX970 do not have a HYST pin for pro-
amount in opposite directions. The hysteresis band (the gramming hysteresis. Hysteresis can be generated with
difference between the upper and lower trip points, three resistors using positive feedback (Figure 4). This
VHB) is approximately twice the voltage between HYST method generally draws more current than the method
and REF. The HYST input voltage range is from REF using the HYST pin on the MAX965/MAX967/MAX968/
down to (REF - 50mV). This yields a hysteresis band MAX969. Also, the positive feedback method slows
from ±1mV to a maximum of ±50mV. Calculate the val- hysteresis response time. Use the following procedure
ues of R1 and R2 for the desired hysteresis band with to calculate the resistor values:
the following formulas: 1) Select R3. The leakage current of IN+ is under 5nA,
R1 = VHB / IREF so the current through R3 should be at least 500nA
to minimize errors caused by leakage current. The
R2 = (VREF - VHB) / IREF current through R3 at the trip point is (VREF - VOUT) /
where IREF (the current sourced by the reference) does R3. Taking into consideration the two possible out-
not exceed the REF source capability (12µA typical), put states and solving for R3 yields two formulas:
and is significantly larger than the HYST leakage cur- R3 = VREF / 500nA
rent (5nA typical). IREF values between 0.1µA and 4µA
are good choices. If 2.4MΩ is chosen for R2 (IREF = and
0.5µA), the equation for R1 and VHB can be approxi- R3 = (VREF - VCC) / 500nA
mated as:
Use the smaller of the two resulting resistor values.
R1(kΩ) = 2 x VHB (mV) For example, if VREF = 1.2V and VCC = 5.0V, then
the two resistor values are 2.4MΩ and 7.6mΩ. For
R3, choose the 2.2MΩ standard value.
In the MAX967/MAX968/MAX969, the HYST pin pro-
grams the same hysteresis for all comparators in the 2) Choose the hysteresis band required (VHB). For this
package. example, choose 50mV.

VCC
+1.6V TO +5.5V
R3
IREF
VCC
REF
R1 R4
MAX965 VIN
R1
MAX967
VCC OUT
MAX968
MAX969 R2
GND
HYST

R2 GND MAX966
VREF MAX970

Figure 3. Programming the HYST Pin Figure 4. External Hysteresis

10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
3) Calculate R1: R1 = (R3 + R4) x (VHB / VCC). Putting IR Receiver

MAX965–MAX970
in the values for this example, R1 = (2.2MΩ + 10k) x Figure 5 shows an application using the MAX965 as an
(50mV / 5.0V) = 22.1kΩ. infrared receiver. The infrared photodiode creates a
4) Choose the trip point for V IN rising. This is the current relative to the amount of infrared light present.
threshold voltage where the comparator output tran- This current creates a voltage across R1. When this
sitions from low to high as VIN rises above the trip voltage level crosses the reference voltage applied to
point. For this example, choose 3.0V. the inverting input, the output transitions. Optional R3
provides additional hysteresis for noise immunity.
5) Calculate R2 as follows:
2-Cell to TTL Logic-Level Shifter
1 Figure 6 shows an application using the MAX965
R2 = to convert a 2-cell voltage-level signal into a TTL-
 VTHR  1 1
V − −
R3 + R4
compatible signal. The supply voltage for the compara-
 REF x R1 R1 tor comes from the 2-cell supply. The output is pulled
1 up to a 5V supply.
R2 = = 14.76k
 3.0V  1 1
 − −
 1.2 x 22k  22k 2.2M + 10k
VCC R3 VCC
where V THR is the rising-voltage trip threshold.
Choose a standard value of 15kΩ. VCC
0.1µF
6) Verify trip voltages and hysteresis as follows: RPULL-UP

VCC
VIN rising : OUT
RD HYST
 1 1 1  GND
VTHR = VREF x R1 x  + + 
 R1 R2 R3 + R4  REF
MAX965
VIN falling :
 R1 x VCC 
VTHF = VTHR −  
 R3 + R4  Figure 5. IR Receiver
Hysteresis = VTHR − VTHF

where VTHR is the rising-voltage trip point, and VTHF

is the falling-voltage trip point.
2 CELLS 0.1µF +5V
Circuit Layout and Bypassing
Power-supply bypass capacitors are not needed if sup-
ply impedance is low, but 100nF bypass capacitors INPUT
should be used when supply impedance is high or
VCC
when supply leads are long. Minimize signal lead OUT
HYST
lengths to reduce stray capacitance between the input GND
and output that might cause instability.
REF
MAX965

Figure 6. 2-Cell to TTL Logic-Level Translator

______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
 Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower,
Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
MAX965–MAX970

__________________________________________________________Pin Configurations

TOP VIEW

GND 1 8 OUT OUTA 1 8 OUTB OUTA 1 8 OUTB

N.C. 2 7 VCC GND 2 7 VCC GND 2 7 VCC
MAX965 MAX966 MAX967
IN+ 3 6 REF INA+ 3 6 INB+ INA+ 3 6 REF
MAX968
IN- 4 5 HYST INA- 4 5 INB- INB+ 4 5 HYST
(INB-)

SO/µMAX SO/µMAX SO/µMAX

OUTB 1 16 OUTC OUTB 1 14 OUTC OUTB 1 16 OUTC

OUTA 2 15 OUTD OUTA 2 13 OUTD OUTA 2 15 OUTD

VCC 3 14 GND VCC 3 12 GND VCC 3 14 GND

INA- 4 MAX969 13 IND+ INA- 4 MAX970 11 IND+ INA- 4 MAX970 13 IND+

INA+ 5 12 IND- INA+ 5 10 IND- INA+ 5 12 IND-

INB- 6 11 INC+ INB- 6 9 INC+ INB- 6 11 INC+

INB+ 7 10 INC- INB+ 7 8 INC- INB+ 7 10 INC-

REF 8 9 HYST N.C. 8 9 N.C.

SO
SO/QSOP QSOP

( ) ARE FOR MAX968 ONLY.

_Ordering Information (continued) ___________________Chip Information

PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE TRANSISTOR COUNTS:
MAX968ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO MAX965 = 216
MAX968EUA -40°C to +85°C 8 µMAX MAX966 = 190
MAX969ESE -40°C to +85°C 16 Narrow SO
MAX967/MAX968 = 299
MAX969EEE -40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP
MAX970ESD -40°C to +85°C 14 SO MAX969 = 465
MAX970EEE -40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP MAX970 = 380

Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.

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