Name: ____________________

IB SL Chemistry 50 mins 7 questions

Practice Paper 2

Total Marks /50

1
1 (a) Common salt, or sodium chloride, can be used on icy roads in the winter to lower
the freezing point of water. However, there is a limitation to using it, as the lowest
freezing point that can be reached using sodium chloride is about -21oC at 23% by mass
of sodium chloride.

Other salts such as calcium chloride can also be used for this purpose. Figure 1 below
shows a freezing point graph for calcium chloride/water.

Estimate the freezing point of water when the composition is 23% by mass
of calcium chloride.

Figure 1

(1 mark)

(b) What % mass of calcium chloride would be needed to lower the freezing point of water in
a 5-litre bucket to -30 oC and what would be the density of the resulting solution?

(3 marks)

2
(c) Antifreeze is a chemical largely consisting of ethylene glycol, C2H6O2, which also lowers
the freezing point of water and is used in car cooling systems. Figure 2 shows the
freezing point graph for a water/antifreeze mixture.

Figure 2

If a car cooling system holds 5 litres of water, what is the minimum number of molecules
of ethylene glycol needed to lower the freezing point to -50oC?

The density of ethylene glycol is 1.11 gcm-3.

(4 marks)

(d) Suggest one reason why is it better to use ethylene glycol in a car's cooling system rather
than calcium chloride.

(1 mark)

3
2 (a) This question is about line emission spectra of elements.

i) Explain the difference between a continuous spectrum and a line spectrum.

[2]

ii) Draw a labelled diagram that shows electron transitions in a hydrogen atom in the
ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Include three
electron transitions for each region.
[4]

(6 marks)

(b) The visible line emission spectrum of hydrogen is shown below in Figure 1 and the
wavelengths of the first four lines are listed in Table 1.

i) Use the information provided and Sections 1 and 2 of the IB data booklet to
determine the frequency of the red line.
[1]
Figure 1

The visible line emission spectrum hydrogen

Table 1

4
 Balmer spectral Wavelength in Colour
line nm
Hα 656 Red

Hβ 486 Blue
(cyan)
Hγ 434 Blue

Hδ 410 Violet

ii) Which spectral line carries more energy, Hα or Hδ?

[1]

(2 marks)

(c) Draw the shape of a 1s atomic orbital and 2p atomic orbital.

(1 mark)

(d) Describe the relationship between colour, energy, frequency, and wavelength in the
visible spectrum.

(2 marks)

5
3 (a) A group of students planned how to investigate the effect of changing the concentration
of H2SO4 on the initial rate of reaction with magnesium:

Mg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) →MgSO 4 (aq) + H2 (g)

They decided to measure how long the reaction took to complete when similar masses
of magnesium were added to acid.

Two methods were suggested:

Method 1 - Use small pieces of magnesium ribbon, an excess of acid and record the time
taken for the magnesium ribbon to disappear

Method 2 - Use large strips of magnesium ribbon, an excess of magnesium and record
the time taken for bubbles to stop forming

Deduce, giving a reason, which of method 1 and method 2 would be the least affected if
the masses of magnesium ribbon used varied slightly between each experiment.

(2 marks)

(b) Neither method in part a) actually allows the initial rate to be calculated. Outline a
method that would allow the calculation of initial rate.

(2 marks)

(c) The reaction is to be conducted across a few weeks.

State a factor that has a significant effect on reaction rate, which could vary between
experiments across the weeks and therefore needs to be controlled.

(1 mark)

6
(d) One group collected the following data using 1.50 mol dm-3 acid:

Trial Time/ s (± 0.01 s)

1 91.56
2 98.33
3 72.08
4 89.41

i) Comment on the use of uncertainty when calculating the mean.

[2]
ii) Calculate the mean time for the set of results.
[2]

(4 marks)

7
4 (a) Calcium nitrate contains both covalent and ionic bonds.

State the formula of both ions present and the nature of the force between these ions.

(2 marks)

(b) State the formula of the compound that boron forms with chlorine.

(1 mark)

(c)Draw the Lewis structure for boron chloride.

(1 mark)

8
5 (a) Define the term standard enthalpy of combustion, ΔHϴc.

(3 marks)

(b) Write an equation for the complete combustion of propanol, CH3CH2CH2OH (l).

(2 marks)

(c) Construct a Hess’s Law cycle for the complete combustion of propanol.

Table 1

CH3CH2CH2OH (l) O2 (g) CO2 (g) H2O (l)

ΔϴHf(kJ mol-1) -303 0 -394 -286

(3 marks)

9
6 (a) Malonic acid is a naturally occurring acid found in fruits and vegetables and is shown in
Figure 1.

Figure 1

The first dissociation of malonic acid is:

C 3H 4O4 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ C 3H 3 O4- (aq) +H 3 O+ (aq)

Identify one conjugate acid-base pair from the equation.

(1 mark)

(b) The equilibrium constant for the first dissociation of malonic acid is 1.48 x 10-3.

State, with a reason, the strength of malonic acid.

(3 marks)

(c) The anion C3 H 3 O4- may be classified as amphiprotic. Explain the meaning of amphiprotic
and write equations, using C3H 3O-4, to illustrate your answer.

(1 mark)

10
7 (a) The formulae of four organic compounds are given in Table 1. Write the names of the
compounds in the second column.

Table 1

compound name

CH3CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3

CH3CH2COCH3

CH3CH2CH2OH

CH3CH2CH2CHO

(2 marks)

(b) Which of the compounds in part (a) are structural isomers of each other and what type
of isomerism do they show?

(2 marks)

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