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Complex Analysis
Note-1
Inverse function
in the plane. I func
tion of a function of aw,
w=fck),then we can also consider z as a ten called
det I be set of points If
f'is of
iselldetfined 7=g@w) =f"(w). The function
a

complex vasiable on simply, a complex function, is a

assigns
wrilten Z
ponding to f.
the inverse function corres
z in ?
f wh ic h to each point plane.
unambiguous Ir lk
in comp le x pl
Single valued fu
nction)
e point &
e
and only
th
exist, aksonges, for all
Note: Inverse qurctin may
one
on not
define a funciom by oay of an complex function
The most common csay to
equation of the form deffined by
=f(z) Potynomial functions are
't sariable and the
w
de pend en P(3)
z is ca ll ed th e in +aR".tam-1R+an
ent variable of f.
=

The variable e de pe nd w= 0oz"

and n is a
be ca ll ed th
is in the complex constants
veriable w will in of f. If 2o a.70, a, an polynonial P().
are
the degree of the
ed th e do ma where
call the quanity ed
The set D is
f and wo=f(2),then
function posilive integer call
domain D of image of z defined
a

fCx.) is called the value of f at 2 or the

wo under f- Algebraic functi ons asre y
Ro is called
preimage of Rational P(2)
under f, and
a

complex sariable, -xy Pl2) and 8) are polynomials.

eramples of fanctions of a where
Exponential functions are defined by
Some
1
+322
6,0二之)=21-
asie

Co=ヌー 171 , 0 32 - 1 ω
0= e² =e* (cosy +isinyC
another of of logarithims.
domain D, an thhe natural base
d is
nd io n f ha si ng where e
fu
Suppose,m00nthat a os e fu ot he r that for every z
Trigonometric fusctions
main E. Su pp
function f with do
veerryy z in D, g())
is the
E. Th en fo r ev cosZ= etela
in D,f)
ined function with domain D,This
is in t
well-def
2
Sinz 2
value of
composite function of f and of
a

fanchion is called the

Hyperbolic function
order,
cosh?=ete?
in that

commutative.
sinhz=&et 2
2

* Composition of function is not

(2) 3x+ (2) =ズ++
ex! =

then g (f(2) = 92 + (3+61) 文

and f(g(@)) =32++32+3-21.
 Page3 Page 4

In simple terms, the above therem states batif a ffurction

By a neighbourhood of a point 2o, we mean the set of all uapproaches to A
points & such that 12.-2oKE, where & is a posiliue number
f=utive has a bimit L=A+IB, then
and we write it as N(Z., c) and approaches B.
f)= L and &t ge)=H, ther
By N* (Zo,c) we mean the set of points in N2o, E) excluding 2o. Ih: Suppose that as 2-980,oe
> xu [f@)+g@] = L+M
The limit function f as 7z is L iff for given
of a
1)x 4 [f()-gG@]=L-M
any Exo, ane can find a sro that whenever a point
D 270
so

Z on D is in N*(2,8), then fee) is in NCL,E) )at [fer). gr] = LM

2 J2-E,zeet, then fe2) in 3L-E, LEE]
This
Remark
means men

-EJ
- M prorided MY0.

¡Re (23) -iRe(a) +[Jm (@)]²-1

need not belong to the
n
1. The point zo in the definitio
above

domain of f.
Evaluate:
& fo)=6, 23-49 IZI
that
3, it can be shoon (Ana 115-21)
3

For instanice, for fce) 2-3

whereas fo) is not defired, ヌー

zo,we should
of f z approoches please by
e lomit
as
If L is to be th
we
close to L
as
* )
place fe3: as
be able to zo. 아...
sufficiently cose to
Its preimage
&
taking 64=224) (2+42²+16)
es not sp ee it eg the di orecion Since
defih niztomun st appr of limit daoa
-
e ic
Remarkom!TEsh ch 2o. it is
23+8 사
=Lt
z23
2823-8
fr point Zo, then its Un 2 2"+42416 2-26$ (ズー64)
limit at a
a 2-2 2223-4
Ih: If a function has a
3
33T/e8
unique. 2°
bhat, do main D 201/341
Ih: Suppose y) has
emsta
e- 3
+ i 9 ( x ,
u(x,y) ,o
こ

1. ftz) = s i n D 2 (emT-1)
2 =a
til i
e p o i n t
2. Th iB At
Lt fe)= =B
Then
2730
and at v(a,y)
4(2y) =A (2) (5)
ifft
 Page5
Pe Note 2 Page
does not exis
t.
aplane. RoED,
A
Prove xt & independen't of
the
set of potnts in
will called
I be
det o for which
a
exist, it must be
the lumit is
to
poin't o. interior point of I if 3 any ex
If
approaches the an

manner in
which z
yoo and z=xfiyaх; N(%,E) CD.
axis. in I and let 2o
Then be an
along ti on wi th do ma
requixed limit is
x
det 20
that the Ket f be a func f is said to be cont
inuons
Th en
2=2-iy=x. interior polnt ofthat
so D .
o provid
ed
at
t fCr)= fc
z)
=0, So 2=xtiy=iy
along y axis. Then. x
det 20 imit pomt of region
the requ'red s at every
a

-iy. Stence o n t i n u o u
and &=x-iy
c
If a functiond to be continuono non R.
is
i
R,it is sa
is

me
200 2 give the sa Ih: Suppose that
do not
approaches sregion R.
= u(x
) +?v(xh(
not exi
st. 1. fc2)
every point of
a
t h e twe d o e s defi ned at
2. fo is
t
Since er, the linmi
is a point
in R and (
answ 3. Z -atib continuous at zo iff uxy)
Then fe2
) is
nuous at
(a,b).
or e c o n t i
point
continuonb
at a

f(2) and g(2) are

that
I: Sスuppose uonb at
tions is also contin
c h of th e folloding func
Th en e a
天。:

1. Their sum f() +g(2)

2. Their difference fee)-д(8).
3.. Thein product f)g)
70
fas provided g@)
f(2)
4. Their quotient
fo

pr ov ided f is continuows
compos it io n fe ge a)),
5. Their at g(3)
 Tage

Bob

of following fundlion at 2=i

1. Check the continuty the
fc2) $z, スキ
=

L0,2=i
→ In the given function of fe
o)=1. But f(i)=0
スー

at fe ≠ f(1)
Hence ヌー

at 2=i
not continuowo
So, fe) is

2+5
function fto) 32"-22+82²-2
continuous at z-i?
Is the
-z
२.

defined 2=i. Thwo

exist, ie. fo) is not at
→ fci) does not
at 2=?
not continuous
fo) is

functon at 2=
ec k the co ntinuity of th-2
e
2+5
3. Ch 324-22+8 22 ,2ti
C

fez 2-i

4+41 ,z=i

+ 4i (evalu
ate)
of f o ) = 4
case
In thio
2-1

= fc1)
ub at 2-i,
Continuo
Jtence
fce) is
uens
e fo lb coin g f u cton is contin
lnes of ?, th
4. For cwhat va

Here, foe) 2H 1( 2-1)

, the
when 2=ti
inator is
zero
except 2
=ti
the denom
Since e veryywwhheeree
continuons
function is