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Dbms Unit Notes

The document outlines key concepts in database management systems (DBMS), including definitions, architecture, user roles, and data models such as ER and relational models. It covers database design, querying techniques, query optimization, concurrency control, and recovery mechanisms, as well as advanced topics like data mining and information retrieval. Additionally, it discusses practical applications and case studies, particularly in the context of Oracle DBMS.

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13 views2 pages

Dbms Unit Notes

The document outlines key concepts in database management systems (DBMS), including definitions, architecture, user roles, and data models such as ER and relational models. It covers database design, querying techniques, query optimization, concurrency control, and recovery mechanisms, as well as advanced topics like data mining and information retrieval. Additionally, it discusses practical applications and case studies, particularly in the context of Oracle DBMS.

Uploaded by

kavyamanimaran.02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT-I: Database Concepts and Data Model

• Definition & Purpose: DBMS is used to store, retrieve, and manage data efficiently.
• Database Architecture: Consists of internal, conceptual, and external levels.
• Database Users & Roles: Includes end users, DBAs, and application programmers.
• ER Model: Includes ER diagrams, entities, attributes, relationships, cardinalities.
• Relational Model: Concepts of relations, attributes, tuples, keys (Primary, Foreign, Candidate,
Super).
• Relational Algebra: Operations such as select, project, union, set difference, Cartesian product.
• Tuple & Domain Relational Calculus: Declarative query languages used to specify what data to
retrieve.

UNIT-II: Database Design and Querying

• Relational Design: Includes features, normalization (1NF to 3NF, BCNF), functional dependencies.
• Decomposition: Breaking relations while preserving dependencies and lossless join.
• SQL Basics: Data types, DDL (CREATE, ALTER), DML (INSERT, UPDATE), DCL (GRANT, REVOKE).
• Advanced SQL: Set operations (UNION, INTERSECT), nested subqueries, joins (INNER, OUTER).
• PL/SQL: Programming extensions of SQL including functions, procedures, cursors, triggers,
packages.
• Views & Transactions: Mechanisms for virtual tables and ensuring ACID properties.
• Integrity Constraints & Authorization: Enforcing data validity and user-level access control.

UNIT-III: Query Processing and Fast Retrieval

• Query Optimization: Rewriting queries to reduce cost, query plans.


• Evaluation Plan & Cost: Steps to execute query with minimal resource use.
• Indexing: B Tree and B+ Tree structures to accelerate search.
• Hashing: Techniques to access records directly. Static vs Dynamic hashing.
• Transaction Processing: ACID properties, concurrency control, transaction states.
• Serializability: Ensuring consistent results despite concurrent transactions.

UNIT-IV: Concurrency Control and DB Architecture

• Concurrency Control: Locking protocols (binary, shared/exclusive), 2PL, timestamp ordering.


• Deadlocks: Detection, prevention, and recovery.
• Recovery Mechanisms: Write-ahead logging, checkpoints, shadow paging.
• Parallel DBs: Data and task parallelism.
• Distributed DBs: Homogeneous vs heterogeneous DBs, fragmentation, replication.
• System Architecture: Multi-level structure of DBMS and transaction coordination.

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UNIT-V: Data Mining and Information Retrieval

• Data Mining: Clustering, classification, association rules. Application in data warehousing.


• Information Retrieval: Techniques for document ranking (vector model, relevance feedback).
• Evaluation: Precision, recall, F-measure.
• Web Crawling & Indexing: Techniques to collect and index web data.
• Spatial & Temporal DBs: Databases handling time-based and location-based data.
• Oracle Case Study: Example implementation of DBMS concepts in Oracle.

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