Chapter 1
Introduction to R
1.1 Overview of R programming
R is a powerful programming language and environment for statistical
computing, data exploration, analysis, and visualization. It is free, open source,
and has a strong, rapidly growing community where users and developers share
their experience and actively contribute to the development of more than 7,500
packages, so that R can deal with problems in a wide range of fields .
R as a programming language: R, as a programming language, has been
evolving and developing over the last 20 years. Its goal is quite clear to make it
easy and flexible to perform comprehensive statistical computing, data explo-
ration, and visualization.
R as a computing environment: R, as a computing environment, is lightweight
and ready to use.Compared to some other famous statistical software, for ex-
ample, MATLAB and SAS, R is much smaller and easier to deploy.
Evolution of R: R is a programming language and software environment for
statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting. R was initially writ-
ten by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the Department of Statistics of the
University of Auckland in Auckland, New Zealand. R made its first appearance
in 1993.A large group of individuals has contributed to R by sending code and
bug reports. Since mid-1997 there has been a core group (the ”R Core Team”)
who can modify the R source code archive.