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Homomorphic Encryption Module4 VTU

Homomorphic encryption enables computations on encrypted data, preserving confidentiality during processing, which is particularly beneficial for cloud computing. While it offers significant advantages for sensitive data applications, it faces challenges such as high computational costs and inefficiencies in searchable encryption. Future improvements aim to enhance performance and security while ensuring compliance with regulations like GDPR and HIPAA.

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Rakshith H L
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13 views3 pages

Homomorphic Encryption Module4 VTU

Homomorphic encryption enables computations on encrypted data, preserving confidentiality during processing, which is particularly beneficial for cloud computing. While it offers significant advantages for sensitive data applications, it faces challenges such as high computational costs and inefficiencies in searchable encryption. Future improvements aim to enhance performance and security while ensuring compliance with regulations like GDPR and HIPAA.

Uploaded by

Rakshith H L
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Homomorphic Encryption and Cloud Data Security

1. What is Homomorphic Encryption?

Homomorphic encryption allows computations on encrypted data without decrypting it first. This ensures data

remains confidential even during processing. It is very useful for cloud computing where data privacy is

crucial.

2. Homomorphism Concept

A homomorphic function preserves the structure of operations:

If f is a homomorphic function, then:

f(a + b) = f(a) * f(b)

This means performing an operation on encrypted values gives the same result as operating on plain values

and then encrypting the result.

3. Benefits of HE

- Ensures data is never exposed during processing

- Ideal for applications involving sensitive data (healthcare, banking)

- Helps maintain privacy in outsourced cloud services

4. Challenges of HE

- Very high computational cost

- Not suitable for real-time or large-scale operations

- Requires a lot of memory and CPU resources

5. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE)

Invented by Craig Gentry in 2009, FHE allows any kind of computation on encrypted data. Early versions

were very slow (~6 minutes per operation). Optimizations have reduced it to ~1 second, but still not ideal for

large applications.

6. Searchable Encryption Challenges


Homomorphic Encryption and Cloud Data Security

Encrypted databases can't be searched easily because encryption breaks traditional indexing. Full table

scans are needed, which are inefficient.

7. Solutions: OPE and SSE

Order-Preserving Encryption (OPE):

- Maintains order of numeric values after encryption

- Enables range queries

- Risk: attackers may guess data due to preserved order

Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE):

- Allows keyword search on encrypted data

- Client encrypts query and decrypts results

- Risk: attackers may infer search patterns

8. Threats to Cloud Data

- External attacks: Hackers

- Internal threats: Employees

- Network attacks: Man-in-the-middle

Defenses:

- Use AES, RSA, ECC, or FHE

- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

- Audit logs and monitoring

- Data partitioning and secure key management

9. Future Directions

- Improve FHE performance

- Better SSE to prevent pattern leakage

- More secure OPE techniques


Homomorphic Encryption and Cloud Data Security

- Compliance with GDPR, HIPAA, etc.

- Use of secure enclaves and zero-knowledge proofs

10. Summary Table

Technique | Purpose | Pros | Cons

----------|---------|------|------

HE | Compute on encrypted data | Data never exposed | Slow

FHE | Supports any operation | Full privacy | Very slow

OPE | Ordered encrypted data | Enables range search | Reveals order

SSE | Search on encrypted DB | Query protection | Pattern leakage

RBAC | Control access | Restricts insider misuse | Needs setup

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