Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

OCCUPATIONAL STANDARD

WEB DEVELOPMENT AND

DATABASE ADMINISTRATION

Ministry of Education
Dec 2021
 Introduction

Ethiopia has embarked on a process of reforming its TVET-System. Within the

policies and strategies of the Ethiopian Government, technology transformation – by
using international standards and international best practices as the basis, and,
adopting, adapting and verifying them in the Ethiopian context – is a pivotal element.
TVET is given an important role with regard to technology transfer. The new
paradigm in the outcome-based TVET system is the orientation at the current and
anticipated future demand of the economy and the labor market.

The Ethiopia Occupational Standards (EOS) is the core element of the Ethiopian
National TVET-Strategy and an important factor within the context of the National
TVET-Qualification Framework (NTQF).They are national Ethiopia standards, which
define the occupational requirements and expected outcome related to a specific
occupation without taking TVET delivery into account.

This document details the mandatory format, sequencing, wording and layout for the
Ethiopia Occupational Standard which comprised of Units of Competence.

A Unit of Competence describes a distinct work activity. It is documented in a

standard format that comprises:
 Occupational title and NTQF level
 Unit code
 Unit title
 Unit descriptor
 Elements and Performance criteria
 Variables and Range statement
 Evidence guide

Together all the parts of a Unit of Competence guide the assessor in determining
whether the candidate is competent.

The ensuing sections of this EOS document comprise a description of the respective
occupation with all the key components of a Unit of Competence:
 chart with an overview of all Units of Competence for the respective level
including the Unit Codes and the Unit Titles
 contents of each Unit of Competence (competence standard)
 occupational map providing the technical and vocational education and training
(TVET) providers with information and important requirements to consider when
designing training programs for this standard and for the individual, a career path

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 1 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART
Occupational Standard: Web Development and Database Administration V
Occupational Code: EIS WDDBA

NTQF Level V

EIS WDDBA5 01 1221 EIS WDDBA5 02 1221

Establish and Maintain Client Match Web and database
User Liaison Needs with the Strategic
Direction of the Enterprise

EIS WDDBA5 03 1221 EIS WDDBA5 04 1221

Research and apply Develop System
emerging web technology Infrastructure Design Plan
trends for Web and Database

EIS WDDBA5 05 1221 EIS WDDBA5 06 1221

Develop complex Manage Web and database
cascading style sheets Project

EIS WDDA5 07 1221

Prepare Disaster Recovery
and Contingency Plan

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 2 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART

Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration IV

Occupational Code: EIS WDDBA

NTQF Level IV

EIS WDDBA4 03 1221

EIS WDDBA4 01 1221 EIS WDDBA4 02 1221
Apply Object-Oriented
Estimate cost for Web Monitor and Programming
and database Administer Database Language Skills
projects

EIS WDDBA4 04 1221 EIS WDDBA4 05 1221 EIS WDDBA4 06 1221

Use Advanced Determine Suitability of Perform Database
Structured Query Database Functionality System Test
Language and Scalability

EIS WDDBA4 07 1221 EIS WDDBA4 08 1221 EIS WDDBA4 09 1221

Complete Database Create Technical Produce basic
Backup and Recovery Documentation Server-side scrip for
dynamic web page

EIS WDDBA4 10 1221

Maintain Website
Information standard

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 3 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART

Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration III

Occupational Code: EIS WDDBA
NTQF Level III

EIS WDDBA3 01 1221 EIS WDDBA3 02 1221 EIS WDDBA3 03 1221

Website Technical Model Data Objects Develop Website
Requirement Information
modelling Architecture

EIS WDDBA3 04 1221 EIS WDDBA3 05 1221 EIS WDDBA3 06 1221

Design Program Develop Cascaded Write Content for
Logic style sheets Web Page

EIS WDDBA3 07 1221 EIS WDDBA3 08 1221 EIS WDDBA3 09 1221

Use Basic Structured Integrate Database Monitor and Support
Query Language with a website Data Conversion

EIS WDDBA3 10 1221

Evaluate and select
Web Hosting Service

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 4 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART

Occupational Standard: Web Development and Database Administration Level II

Occupational Code: EIS WDDBA

NTQF Level II
EIS WDDBA2 01 1221 EIS WDDBA2 02 1221 EIS WDDBA2 03 1221
Operate Database Build simple websites Administrate Network
Application using commercial and Hardware
programs Peripherals

EIS WDDBA2 04 1221 EIS WDDBA2 05 1221 EIS WDDBA2 06 1221

Implement maintenance Configure and Use Operate Presentation
Procedures Internet Package

EIS WDDBA2 07 1221 EIS WDDBA2 08 1221 EIS WDDBA2 09 1221

Record Client Support Update and Document Prevent and Eliminate
Requirements Operational Procedures MUDA Procedures

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 5 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART
Occupational Standard: Web Development and Database Administration Level I
Occupational Code: EIS WDDBA

NTQF Level I
EIS WDDBA1 01 1221 EIS WDDBA1 02 1221 EIS WDDBA1 03 1221
Operate Personal Connect Hardware Install Software
Computer Peripherals Application

EIS WDDBA1 04 1221 EIS WDDBA1 05 1221 EIS WDDBA1 06 1221

Protect Application or Maintain Inventories of Operate word-
System Software Hardware and Software processing applications
and Documentation

EIS WDDBA1 07 1221 EIS WDDBA1 08 1221 EIS WDDBA1 09 1221

Operate Spreadsheet Create a simple Access and Use
Application markup language Database Application
document

EIS WDDBA1 10 1221

Apply 5S Procedures

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 6 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 NTQF Level V

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 7 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Information Technology Service Management Level V
Unit Title Establish and Maintain Client User Liaison
Unit Code EIS WDDBA5 01 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to establish and
maintain client user liaison in an IT environment, post
implementation. This occurs after the business-critical functions
have been determined.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Determine 1.1 Information technology used in the organisational unit is

support areas identified and recorded.
1.2 Stakeholders of the system are identified.
1.3 Organisational structure, culture and politics are identified
in relation to support requirements.
1.4 Level of support required by each organisational unit is
determined
2. Develop 2.1 Organisational units are contacted, as required, to verify
support support needs.
procedures 2.2 Procedures are established for providing required support,
including method of contact, frequency of meetings and
reports
2.3 Agreed procedure, service-level agreement, is
documented.
3. Assign 3.2 IT skills required to assist each organisational unit are
support identified with support activities.
personnel 3.3 Personnel are assigned according to human resource
processes.
3.4 Availability of selected personnel is verified.
3.5 Support is provided using agreed procedures.
3.6 Feedback is obtained from the appropriate person on a
regular basis.

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 8 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range
Stakeholders May include
 sponsor
 user
 development team
 project team
System May include but is not limited to
 databases
 applications
 servers
 operating systems
 gateways
 application service provider (ASP) and ISP
Service-level May exist for many different infrastructure services, including
agreement  communications carriers
 ISPs
 ASPs
 SLAs for vendor products
SLAs should consider business processes and requirements,
clearly specify and quantify service levels, identify evaluation or
audit of service levels.
May include
 workload and performance considerations
 expectations regarding servicing
 penalties
 charge back to business units
Appropriate May include
person  supervisor
 teacher
 authorised business representative or client

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence  Ability to establish and maintain client liaison in an IT
environment.
 monitored resource utilization and cost efficiency and
effectiveness of technology
 Evidence of communication and reporting mechanisms
consistent with the identified role and as agreed between the
parties must be demonstrated.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  General knowledge of the role that IT plays in the client’s
Attitudes business domain. Knowing what equipment supplies
business-critical services (e.g. web server for e-business,
internet file transaction security for client accounts)
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 9 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Awareness of who the stakeholders are, what role they play in
the organisation and how dependent they are on the IT
infrastructure (e.g. salespeople and other mobile workforces
may need a remote access communication service while
travelling.)
 Detailed knowledge of the IT system’s current functionality in
supplying the essential and desirable services to the
organisation. (e.g. what servers are engaged in providing the
services such as email, web, proxy, firewall, back-up)
 Broad knowledge of quality assurance practices in relation to
how the service is supplied (e.g. are response times for help
desk issues adequate for maintaining the organisation’s
desired business activity level?)
 Current industry-accepted hardware and software products,
capabilities of IT devices, and detailed knowledge of areas
related to the organisation’s services, (e.g. specialised
knowledge of website security, dynamic data exchange or on-
line open file back-up system).
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  Plain English literacy and communication skills in relation to
analysis, evaluation and presentation of information such as
reporting on service history issues are necessary. These
could be in response to particular problems or in response to
an approach to quality assurance processes aimed at a
general improvement.
 Teamwork skills involve the contribution to solutions and goals
of a non-routine or contingency nature (e.g. when a major
system upgrade is needed and a workgroup approach is
employed to implement it).
 Group facilitation and presentation skills in relation to
transferring and collecting information and gaining consensus
on concepts, such as when there are alternatives to decide
upon, in installing new technology or in altering the service
process for the current system.
 Project planning skills in relation to how to deliver on scope,
time, cost and quality, and how to promote communications
and manage risk.
 Negotiation skills in relation to other team members and
applied to a defined range of predictable problems, such as
organising equitable workloads for each team member when
extra (weekend or night) work is necessary for a major
network upgrade.
 Report writing skills for business, requiring depth in some
areas, analysis and evaluation of information in a defined
range of areas (e.g. outlining possible alternatives in
technology or equipment changes).
 Customer service skills, including a semi-educational role
when dealing with end-user problems, so that, by explaining
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 10 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 relevant concepts, the learner can empower the end-user to
attempt remedial action, the next time a similar problem
occurs.
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
 Service-level agreements
 Documented support requirements
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 11 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Information Technology Service Management Level V
Match Web and database Needs with the Strategic Direction of
Unit Title
the Enterprise
Unit Code EIS WDDBA5 02 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to ensure IT services
meet current and future internal operational enterprise
requirements

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Evaluate 1.1 Current strategic plan of organization is analyzed to

current understand the industry environment and current
business organizational goals.
strategy 1.2 Information related to current operational practices and the
strategic plan is compared to determine possible IT gaps and
improvement opportunities.
1.3 Information regarding the impact of IT developments is
reported to appropriate person(s)
2. Evaluate 2.1 Information on current IT systems supported by the
impact of organization is reviewed.
changes 2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of current and proposed IT
systems are compared and documented.
2.3 The objectives and implications of introducing changes are
determined.
2.4 Findings are document and forward to appropriate person(s)
for feedback.
3. Develop 3.1 Action plans are developed for the proposed changes that
action plans can be implemented according to organizational policies and
procedures
3.2 Action plans that take account of appropriate operational,
financial, legal, human relations, internal and external
operating environments and other relevant considerations are
ensured.
3.3 Document action plans, ensuring that standards, targets and
implementation methods are detailed
3.4 Documentation is forwarded to appropriate person for
feedback/approval.

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 12 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range
Appropriate May include but not limited to:
person  supervisor,
 authorized business representative or client

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence  accessed and analyzed relevant information on changes
to technology and resources;
 analyzed strategic plans to determine future technology
needs;
 monitored resource utilization and cost efficiency and
effectiveness of technology
 Developed action plan
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Broad knowledge of technology and product directions for
Attitudes evaluating and forecasting vendor and technology trends
 Analysis and planning approaches to technical problems
or management requirements, taking into account the
hardware platform used by the organization, and network
and security guidelines
 Broad knowledge for evaluating current system
functionality to forecast for planning
 Broad knowledge for evaluating internal and external
operating environments
 Broad knowledge for evaluating the operating systems
supported by the organization to forecast for planning
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  Negotiation skills in relation to planning and selecting
appropriate equipment and services for self and others,
such as when planning for client support service delivery
within quality, time and cost parameters
 Evaluation and report writing skills involving analysis for
evaluating IT changes, documenting recommendations
and developing action plans
 Evaluation skills to determine possible IT client support
gaps
 Broad strategic planning skills in relation to current
operational practices and future requirements and the
implications of introducing IT changes
 Planning and analysis skills for reviewing objectives and
performance measures
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 13 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Time management skills in relation to planning the
management of client support services
 Organizing and presenting information in relation to
business report writing requirements
Resources To demonstrate competency in this unit the learner will require
Implication access to:
 Detailed information relating to business strategic plan
 Budget constraints
 A timeframe for the strategic plan
 Business objectives
 Business risks
 Information on a range of IT business solutions
Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 14 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration Level V
Unit Title Research and apply emerging web technology trends
Unit Code EIS WDDBA5 03 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge
required to keep up-to-date with and apply emerging web technology

Elements Performance Criteria

1.1 Review new developments in web technology
1. Identify
emerging web 1.2 Identify appropriate web technology to meet the needs of the
technology trends web application database start-up and operation for irregularities
and their uses
2.1 Create code to apply the web technology
2. Implement new
web technology 2.2 Test web application in a variety of browsers and rectify
trends in a problems that arise
portfolio
3.1 Supervise information gathering from identified clients of the
3. Analyse new
system
information
3.2 Analyse gathered client responses
3.3 Analyse new system requirements
3.4 Ensure that new system requirements and problems are
documented
4. Confirm system 4.1 Review documentation
specifications 4.2 Work with client to verify system specifications, updating
documentation as required
4.3 Obtain final approval and sign-off from client

Variable Range
Code may include: May include but is not limited
 active server pages (ASP)
 active server pages. net ([Link])
 Coldfusion
 JavaScript
 jQuery
 Java server pages (JSP)
 Perl hypertext preprocessor (PHP)
Ruby on Rails.
Browsers may May include but not limited:
include:  Firefox
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 15 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Google Chrome
 Internet Explorer
 Konqueror
 Lynx
 Mozilla
 Netscape Navigator
 Opera
 Safari.
System requirements May include but are not limited to
may include:  Client user
 Cost constraints
 Environment
 Geography
 System functionality.

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of  Assessment must confirm the ability to Review and
Competence development of new Web technology
 detailed knowledge of client business to enable informed Web
Technology product provision
 Well documented and disseminated Quality assurance
standards
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  products related to data capture
Attitudes  internet technology
 principles of analysis and design
 programming control structures, object-oriented programming
 web programming concepts, including:
 hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
 stateless programming
 session management
 authentication and web security
 client-side programming
Underpinning  troubleshoot common system problems
Skills  analyses and evaluate broad features of a particular business
domain
 determine functional requirements
 identify dynamic client and server-side requirements
 identify and rectify website functional problems
 identify and resolve bugs in the created code
 select the most efficient and effective algorithms
 apply web programming concepts
 create software in a variety of languages, including client and
server-side languages
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 16 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Create aesthetically pleasing web pages.
Resource To demonstrate competence in this unit the candidate will review
Implications research, plan and develop new web site based the review
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 17 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Information Technology Service Management Level V
Unit Title Develop System Infrastructure Design Plan
Unit Code EIS WDDBA5 04 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to specify the
hardware, network, software and infrastructure required to
support the system.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Specify 1.1 Critical principles, functions and framework for the system
architecture to operate across business units, are identified. taking into
requirements account the project deliverables, acceptance criteria and
current IT blueprint
1.2 Functions are organised into layers or wrappings and
components to meet business requirements.
1.3 Processing environment, the hardware, network and
software required to support the operational environments
are identified.
1.4 The system topology model, templates and standards are
refined to guide development
1.5 The project guidelines, standards, models, acceptance
criteria and general framework are utilised to develop the
architecture
2. Specify 2.1 Various products and vendors are evaluated against the
hardware and requirements of the architecture to determine the best IT
software solution.
2.2 Current and future capacity requirements are estimated and
evaluated against client future requirements.
2.3 Requirements are identified for upgrade or change through
analysis of software versions and interoperability status of
existing system and applications.
3. Conduct walk- 3.2 Requirements model are compared against technical
through and specifications and acceptance criteria.
compare/ 3.3 Requirements model are compared against vendor
contrast proposed offering
expected
performance 3.4 The requirements model benchmarked against current
industry standards and IT blueprint for performance,
interoperability and expected future organisational
requirements.
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 18 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
4. Document and 4.1 System infrastructure design plan are prepared including
report on hardware, network, software and general infrastructure
findings aspects
4.2 Recommendations are documented and referred to the
appropriate person for improvement.

Variable Range
System May include
 Databases
 Applications
 Servers
 operating systems
 gateways
 ASP
 ISP
Acceptance May include
criteria  Timeframe
 cost implications
 technical and logistical Considerations
Business May be in reference to
requirements  the business
 system
 application
 network or people in the organisation
Hardware May include but is not limited to
 workstations
 personal computers, Laptop and PDA
 modems and other connectivity devices
 networks
 ADSL modems
 remote sites
 servers
Project May include a
 total organisational change
 a systems-only change
 a business improvement process
 e-business solution involving the total organisation or part
of the organisation
Standards May include
 ISO/IEC/AS and relevant standards
 organisational standards
 project standards
Software May include but is not limited to
 commercial Software
 in-house developed Software

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 19 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  packaged or customised Software

Network May include but is not limited to

 large and small LANs, WANs
 the internet
 PSTN for dial-up modems
 CDMA 1X
 EV-DO
 private lines
 VPNs
 data and voice
 Current Internet Technologies
Architecture May include but is not limited to:
 Operating system: any operating system that has multi-
user ability, Linux, Mac OS, Windows XP or above
 Database software: Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL
server, Ingres, DB2,Informix, MySQL, SQL server
 Configuration: small memory model, large memory model,
requests per second
Requirements may be in reference to
 the business
 system
 application
 network
 people in the organisation
Solution May include but is not limited to
 new hardware,
 hardware upgrades,
 new software, software upgrades,
 user training
 implementing a new system
Client May include but is not limited to
 internal departments,
 external organisations,
 individual people
 employees
Applications May include but are not limited to
 commercial software applications;
 organisation-specific software;
 word processing,
 spreadsheet,
 database,
 graphic
 communication packages
May include presentation applications contained in:
 Microsoft Office
 Lotus Suite
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 20 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Specifications May include but are not limited to
 technical requirements
 user problem statement
 current system functionality
Documentation May follow
 ISO/IEC/AS and relevant standards
 audit trails
 naming standards
 version control
 project management
 report writing conventions
 maintaining equipment inventory
 client training
 satisfaction reports
Organisational May be in reference to
requirements  the business
 system
 application
 network
 people in the organisation

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence  Specified hardware and software
 Conducted walk-through and compared/contrasted expected
performance criteria against vendor proposed offerings
 Documented and reported on findings
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Current industry-accepted hardware and software products
Attitudes  Broad general knowledge of the client business domain,
particularly the business function and organisation (e.g. when
specifying architecture requirements)
 Basic knowledge of cabling and telecommunications
technologies (e.g. when specifying architecture requirements)
 Broad knowledge of vendor product directions and
technology directions (e.g. when specifying hardware and
software)
 Networking technologies, including broad knowledge of
general features and capabilities incorporating substantial
depth in some areas (e.g. when specifying architecture
requirements)
 Broad knowledge of systems architectural design principles
and methodologies (e.g. when specifying architecture
requirements
 Broad knowledge of modelling techniques and methodologies
(e.g. when specifying architecture requirements, and for
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 21 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 comparing and contrasting after walk-through of expected
performance criteria against vendor proposed offerings)
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  Problem solving skills for a broad range of unpredictable
problems involving analysis, diagnosis and evaluation (e.g.
when specifying the critical principles, functions and
framework for the system to operate across the enterprise or
business units, taking into consideration the project
deliverables, acceptance criteria and current IT blueprint)
 Plain English literacy and communication skills in relation to
analysis, evaluation and presentation of information (e.g.
when the initial statement of hardware needs is written)
 Group facilitation and presentation skills in relation to
transferring and collecting information (e.g. when estimating
current and future capacity requirements and evaluating
against client’s future requirements, and for documenting
recommendations for improvement and referring them to
appropriate technical specialists)
 Questioning and active listening skills (e.g. when specifying
the critical principles, functions and framework for the system
to operate across the enterprise or business units, taking into
consideration the project deliverables, acceptance criteria
and current IT blueprint)
 Technological capability assessment skills involving analysis,
diagnosis and evaluation (e.g. when evaluating various
products against architecture requirements to determine the
best IT solution, and for estimating current and future
capacity requirements and evaluating against client’s future
requirements)
 Research skills for specifying, analysing and evaluating broad
features of a particular business domain and best practice in
system development (e.g. when evaluating various products
against architecture requirements to determine the best IT
solution, and for benchmarking requirements model against
current industry standards and IT blueprint for performance,
interoperability and expected future organisational needs)
 Project planning skills in relation to set benchmarks and
identified scope (e.g. when specifying the critical principles,
functions and framework for the system to operate across the
enterprise or business units, taking into consideration the
project deliverables, acceptance criteria and current IT
blueprint)
 Report writing skills for business requiring depth in some
areas, analysis and evaluation of information in a defined
range of areas (e.g. when documenting recommendations for
improvement and referring them to appropriate technical
specialists)

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 22 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
 Client requirements
 The project deliverables
 The acceptance criteria
 Current IT blueprint
 Information on a range of IT business solutions and vendor
offerings
 Future organisational business process requirements
 Technical specifications
Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 23 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development and Database Administration Level V
Unit Title Manage Web and Database Project
Unit Code EIS WDDBA5 05 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to manage information technology (IT)
projects within a medium to large organization

Element Performance Criteria

1. Manage website 1.1 Confirm organisational project governance policy and
and database processes
project activities 1.2 Confirm web and database problem or opportunity as well
definition as project objectives
1.3 Develop project charter, including preliminary statement of
project scope and obtain sign-off
1.4 Conduct a feasibility study and prepare a business case
as necessary
2. Undertake project 2.1 Plan web and database system related information-
planning gathering activities to determine project requirements,
constraints and risks
2.2 Identify project partitioning on the basis of intended system
development life cycle and risk
2.3 Prepare project work breakdown, schedule and budget
2.4 Compile project-management plan documents as
necessary to communicate the intended management
strategy for the project and obtain sign-off
3. Establish the Web 3.1 Identify and select team members, including roles and
and Database responsibilities, based on project solution requirements
project team 3.2 Determine training and support needs of team members
3.3 Establish project team values and agreed behavioural
standards with team members
4. Manage project 4.1 Monitor delivery and acceptance of assigned project team
execution activities work activities and manage individuals as necessary
4.2 Monitor and control the quality of project deliverables
4.3 Monitor and control project scope changes, risks and
issues
4.4 Manage system testing and hand-over activities

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 24 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
5. Coordinate project 5.1 Prepare project support plans and maintenance or support
closure documents
5.2 Obtain final project sign-off
5.3 Conduct post-project review and document lessons
learned
5.4 Review and update disaster recovery plan
5.5 Close project

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 25 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range
Project governance May include but not limited:
policy and processes  established roles and responsibilities for key project
stakeholders
 mandated positions to be filled on various project-
governance boards or committees, such as the project
steering committee or quality-review board
 mandated project-management standard or
development methodology for the organisation
 project portfolio prioritisation process or criteria
 project selection process or criteria.
Feasibility in relation May refer to but not limited:
to Database solutions  economic
 operational
 technical.
System related May include but not limited:
Information-  interviews
gathering activities  research related to existing documents, and similar or
previous projects
 surveys
 workshops.
Development May include but not limited:
Constraints  external or internal project dependencies
 limitations or standards that the project must adhere to:
 resources budget
 quality
 timeframe.
Project-management May include but not limited:
plan documents may  change control
include:  communications
 human resource
 procurement
 quality
 risk management
 training.
Hand-over activities  communications to users and other stakeholders
may include:  production system environment verification tests
 user training and documentation.
Maintenance or  additional tasks or changed responsibilities within the
support documents support team for ongoing support of the new system
may include:  new policies and procedures and how these differ to
current practices
 technical documents relating to the system:
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 26 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  specifications
 system dependencies
 technical requirements.

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of  define, plan, execute and close a reasonably complex project
competence to meet project requirements.
Underpinning Knowledge includes:
Knowledge  characteristics of leaders and technical teams
 consultation and communication techniques and strategies
 how to establish technical teams and determine stages of
team development
 estimation and cost-analysis techniques
 methods of communication and communication styles,
including interviewing techniques
 objectives and benefits analysis
 organisational values, policies and processes
 performance management and project team appraisal
methods
 processes for monitoring team and own performance
 project cash flow and budgeting
 range of project-management methods and tools
 self-awareness

Underpinning Skills include:

Skills  analytical skills to determine current system deficiencies and
new system objectives
 communication skills to:
- gather stakeholder needs
- liaise with enterprise senior management
 counselling skills to mentor and coach team members and
resolve conflict
 literacy skills to present options and recommendations in
reports
 negotiation skills to ensure expected project outcomes are
achievable
 numeracy and documentation skills to develop cost-benefit
analyses
 planning and organisational skills to plan project activities
 research skills to identify solution alternatives
 technical team management and leadership skills, including
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 27 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 providing feedback.
Resources To demonstrate this unit of competence the following resources
Implication will be required:
 real or appropriate simulated organisation with a desire to
implement an IT project to address an identified problem,
opportunity or unfulfilled legislative need
 appropriate learning and assessment support when required
modified equipment for people with special needs.
Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
Assessment sector, workplace and job role is recommended, where
appropriate.
Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally
appropriate, and suitable to the communication skill level,
language, literacy and numeracy capacity of the candidate and
the work being performed.
Indigenous people and other people from a non-English
speaking background may need additional support.
In cases where practical assessment is used it should be
combined with targeted questioning to assess required
knowledge.

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 28 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development and Database Administration Level V
Unit Title Develop complex cascading style sheets
Unit Code EIS WDDBA5 06 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to develop complex cascading style sheets
(CSS) that are attached to a mark-up language document.

Element Performance Criteria

1. Determine 1.1 Obtain user requirements for style
requirements and 1.2 Develop CSS to match user requirements
develop CSS
2.3 Apply style sheets to multiple pages in a website
2. Use advanced 2.1 Style elements of a web page using advanced CSS
CSS techniques to techniques
create web pages 2.2 Position document elements using advanced CSS
2.3 Apply style sheets to multiple pages in a website
3. Ensure web page 3.1 Validate CSS against industry standards
and CSS are 3.2 Test website in various browsers
validated and
tested in all major 3.3 Rectify browser differences to ensure website is accessible
browsers

Variable Range
Advanced CSS May include but not limited:
 application of browser-specific rules
 application of layering to achieve desired design
 application of transparency
 attribute selectors
 fluid page layouts
 new release of CSS rules.

Industry standards May include but not limited:

may include:  W3C
 Web 2.0.

Browsers may include: May include but not limited:

 Firefox
 Google Chrome
 Internet Explorer
 Mozilla
 Netscape Navigator
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 29 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Opera
 Safari.

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of  develop a complex website styled and formatted using
competence CSS
 create a complex page layout using CSS
 test web pages in a variety of browsers
 Validate the CSS against industry standards.
Underpinning  overview knowledge of design principles
Knowledge  detailed knowledge of:
- hypertext markup language (HTML) and eXtensible
hypertext markup language (XHTML)
- CSS
- hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol
- World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards
- Techniques to correct browser incompatibilities.

Underpinning Skills include:

Skills  analytical skills to identify appropriate CSS rules to be
applied to obtain desired result
 communication skills to liaise with end users
 initiative and enterprise skills to recommend design
features
 follow documented instruction from a supplied guide
 interpret workplace instructions and other technical
documents
 document element dimensions
 relative and absolute measurements
 create the CSS in allocated timeframe
 plan the layout of the web page
 create web pages that will function in a variety of screen
resolutions
 resolve browser incompatibilities
 learning and literacy skills to keep up-to-date with
industry guidelines
 technical skills to:
- produce valid accessible web pages
- use CSS in the most efficient and effective way.

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 30 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Resources  appropriate learning and assessment support when required
Implication  modified equipment for people with special needs
 computer
 aesthetic presentation brief
 HTML documents to have CSS applied to them
 internet access to validate the CSS against the W3C
variety of browsers.
Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
Assessment sector, workplace and job role is recommended, where
appropriate.
Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally
appropriate, and suitable to the communication skill level,
language, literacy and numeracy capacity of the candidate and
the work being performed.
Indigenous people and other people from a non-English
speaking background may need additional support.
In cases where practical assessment is used it should be
combined with targeted questioning to assess required
knowledge.

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 31 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Information Technology Service Management Level V
Unit Title Prepare Disaster Recovery and Contingency Plan
Unit Code EIS WDDBA5 07 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to analyse the impact
of the system on the organisation and carry out risk analysis,
disaster recovery and contingency planning for the project.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Evaluate 1.1 Business-critical functions and the security environment is

impact of Identify from documentation and from discussion with
system on business area and project team.
business 1.2 Critical data and software is identified from documentation
continuity
1.3 Potential impacts of business risk and threats on IT
systems are assessed.
1.4 Statutory requirements, commercial requirements and
contingency possibilities are Identified and evaluated
according to specifications and cost constraints
2. Evaluate 2.1 Threats to the system are identified with consideration of
threats to security analysis and internal and external business
system environment.
2.2 Risk minimisation alternatives are evaluated against
specifications and cost constraints.
2.3 Critical components and/or software and document
recommendations are identified regarding possible service
arrangements
2.4 Identified risks and problems are documented.

3. Formulate 3.1 Prevention and recovery options are evaluated to support

prevention and critical business functions against business specifications
recovery and cost constraints
strategy 3.2 Current operational procedures are reviewed to ensure
adequate risk safeguards and contingency plan are in
place
3.3 Disaster recovery and prevention strategy is submitted to
appropriate person for approval

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 32 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
4. Develop 4.1 Resources required for disaster recovery are identified and
disaster documented according to specifications and cost constraints
recovery plan 4.2 Processes required for disaster strategy are identified and
to support documented according to project standards
strategy
4.3 Cut-over criteria are identified before initiating disaster plan.
4.4 Disaster recovery plan is documented and submit to
appropriate person for review and sign-off.

Variable Range
Business-critical May include but are not limited to
functions  financial systems
 customer service functions
 payroll
Documentation May follow
 ISO/IEC/AS standards
 audit trails
 naming standards
 version control
 project management templates and report writing
 maintaining equipment inventory
 client training and satisfaction reports
Project team May include:
 Solution developers and business clients working together
 Individual business analysts
 A number of third-party solution developers working together
 A number of different businesses working in partnership
Software May include but is not limited to
 commercial
 in-house
 packaged or customised software
Specifications May include but is not limited to
 technical requirements
 user problem statement
 current system functionality
Constraints May include but is not limited to
 time
 budget
 resource
 hardware, software
 policy and legal constraints
System May include but is not limited to
 databases
 applications
 servers
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 33 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  operating systems
 gateways
 application service provider and ISP
Appropriate May include a
person  supervisor
 teacher
 authorised business representative or client
Threats May include:
 Weather (storms, earthquake)
 Security
 Information technology failure (hardware, software)
 Accident
 Espionage
 Sabotage (hackers)
 Telecommunications network failure
 Denial of service
 Virus attack
Supplementary questioning of the client may be used during the
assessment
phase, where necessary, to ensure that all issues relating to
threats to the system are considered and appropriate choices
made given the need to prevent, limit, recover, respond and
recover from disasters
Back-up strategy May include
 hot standby site
 warm standby site
 cold standby site
 mobile van
 supplier
 bureau
 contacts through user group
 third parties
Contingency The contingency plan will vary in format and content detail, but
plans will typically:
 Identify weaknesses and provide for the implementation of a
disaster
prevention program
 Minimise disruption to business operations
 Provide a coordinated approach to the disaster recovery
process
Statutory May include
requirements  legislation (e.g. Privacy Act)
 industry-imposed controls and standards. In certain
organisations (e.g. health and banking), there may be strict
laws regarding confidentiality and reporting of data
Security May Includes
environment  legislation
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 34 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  organisational security policies
 customs
 expertise and knowledge that are, or may be, relevant
The security environment also includes the threats to security
that are, or are held to be, present in the environment
Cut-over criteria May include:
 Estimate of time before system is operational
 Estimate of business impact
 Authorisations to cut-over
 Actual system down time
 Refresher of cut-over plan
Commercial May include but not limited to:
requirements  Back-up
 Storage and recovery of data
 Access to internal network
 Passwords/logons
 Encryption
 Firewalls
 Hacking
 Confidentiality
 Integrity
 Availability
Standards May include
 ISO/IEC/AS standards
 organisational standards
 project standards

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence  Evaluated impact of system on business continuity
 Evaluated threats to system
 Formulated prevention and recovery strategy
 Developed disaster recovery plan to support strategy
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Broad knowledge of basic engineering (e.g. when evaluating
Attitudes threats)
 Broad knowledge of fire/safety knowledge (e.g. when
formulating prevention and recovery strategy)
 Detailed knowledge of back-up methodologies (e.g. when
formulating prevention and recovery strategy)
 Broad knowledge of systems engineering (e.g. when
evaluating threats)
 Specific components of the business planning process
relevant to the development of IT business solutions (e.g.
when evaluating impact of system on business continuity)
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 35 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Broad knowledge of the client business domain (e.g. when
evaluating impact of system on business continuity)
 Detailed knowledge of the system’s current functionality (e.g.
when evaluating impact of system on business continuity)

Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:

Skills  Logistic management skills for identified resources and
procedures skills (e.g. when IT hardware, software and
resources required for disaster recovery are identified and
documented according to project specifications and cost
constraints)
 Negotiation skills in relation to self and other team members
and applied to a defined range of predictable problems (e.g.
when business-critical functions are identified from project
documentation and discussion with client business area and
project team)
 Project planning skills in relation to scope, time, cost, quality,
communications, risk analysis and management (e.g. when
business-critical functions are identified from project
documentation and discussion with client business area and
project team, and when contingency possibilities are
identified and evaluated according to project specifications
and cost constraints)
 Research skills for specifying, analysing and evaluating broad
features of a particular business domain and best practice in
system development (e.g. when threats to the system are
identified, taking into consideration security analysis and
internal and external business environment)
 Facilitation and presentation skills in relation to transferring
and collecting information and gaining consensus on
concepts (e.g. when business-critical functions are identified
from project documentation and discussion with client
business area and project team, and when disaster recovery
plan is documented and submitted to higher authorities for
review and sign-off
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
 A vulnerability assessment and general definition of
requirements
 Business impact analysis
 Acceptance test plan
 Information technology security assurance specifications

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 36 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

NTQF Level IV
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 37 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP

Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration Level IV

Unit Title Estimate Cost For Web And Database Projects
Unit Code EIS WDDBA4 01 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge
required to estimate cost,
It involves preparing detailed estimates and quotes and updating
schematic drawings and specifications.
Elements Performance Criteria
1. Confirm and 1.1. Existing specifications and drawings are obtained and additional or
update new schematic drawings and specifications prepared for
schematic installation if required
drawings and 1.2. All fittings equipment locations are confirmed with customer
specifications
2. Price materials 2.1. Quotations and delivery dates are obtained from suppliers to
and other ensure fair comparisons between suppliers
relevant items 2.2. Material costs are estimated based on company or industry and
and establish conditions
availability
2.3. Pricing documentation is checked to ensure supply proposal
matches customer specification for material, quality and
performance
3. Estimate 3.1. Estimations allowing for contingencies are prepared during
materials and installation and relevant legislation, codes, regulations and
other relevant standards
item 3.2. Costs are calculated using standard unit measures where relevant
requirements
3.3. Estimates are ensured to return a profit on installation where
appropriate
4. Prepare and 4.1. An equipment installation quote that meets customer requirements
confirm quote is prepared
with customer 4.2. Changes and variations are negotiated to meet customer and
company’s needs
5. Establish 5.1. Customer's approval of purchase arrangements and method of
customer's payment is obtained
financial 5.2. Finance company negotiations are completed successfully where
arrangements required and customer's agreement obtained

Variable Range

Customer May include:

specification Cable
Connectors
Ministry of Education Information Technology Service Management Version 2
Page 38 of 46
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard August 2011
 Requirements for:
 Equipment
 Labor
 Materials
 Other resources
Timeframes
Scope of works
Support system.
Contingencies May include:
 Need for integration with existing building works schedules
where available
 Requirements for installation method or of any proprietary
system being installed
 Relevant constraints.
Relevant May Include but not limited :
legislation, codes,  Relevant National standards and codes
regulations and  ISO/IEC standards
standards
 Ethiopian building codes and regulations
 Environmental Protection Acts
 Fire regulations
 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
 Mining legislation
 Noise abatement and heritage legislation
 OHS
 Relevant international standards
 Trade Practices Act.
Changes and May Include but not limited :
variations  Availability
 Delivery
 Disputes
 Insurance
 Maintenance
 Preparation of manuals
 Restricted site access
 Testing requirements
 Time penalties.
Purchase May Include but not limited:
arrangements  Buy, rent or lease option
 Conditions of payment
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 39 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Conditions surrounding installation/modification
 Legal requirements
 Service and warranty arrangements.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence
 prepare detailed estimates, updated schematic drawings and
specifications, including material costs for equipment
installations
 negotiate with contractors on material availability and pricing
for customer equipment installations
 complete detailed quotes for installations that allow for
changes and variations
 prepare and confirm quote and financial arrangements with
customer
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  features of customer equipment
Attitudes
 legislation, codes of practice and other formal agreements that
impact on the work activity
 manufacturer's requirements for safe operation of equipment
 processes and techniques required to prepare plans, estimate
and quote for installations
 specific occupational health and safety (OHS) requirements
relating to the activity and site conditions
 typical issues and challenges that occur when dealing with
customers
Underpinning Demonstrate:
Skills  analytical skills to read and interpret drawings related to
customer's equipment
 communication skills to liaise and negotiate with customers and
suppliers on technical and operational matters
 literacy skills to interpret technical documentation, such as
equipment manuals and specifications
 numeracy skills to estimate and quote for installation
 problem solving skills to solve equipment and logistics problems
 task management skills to work systematically with required
attention to detail and adherence to all safety requirements
 technical skills to estimate requirements for customer equipment
installation

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 40 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information on
workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 41 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration level IV
Unit Title Monitor and Administer Database
Unit Code EIS WDDBA4 02 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to manage, monitor
and administer a database.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Start up a 1.1 Configure system for database start-up

database 1.2 Monitor database start-up and operation for irregularities

2. Manage 2.1 Take action to ensure that a data dictionary has been
database compiled and that data structures are in place
2.2 Maintain data integrity constraints according to business
requirements
2.3 Create and design indexes and multiple-field keys according
to business requirements
2.4 Monitor the locking options chosen for the database
2.5 Confirm that recent back-ups of the database have been
stored and that back-ups can be retrieved as a full working
copy
2.6 Monitor the data storage space for ongoing viability and
resize as needed
2.7 Update data according to organizational guidelines
3. Manage 3.1 Allocate or remove access privileges according to user
database status
access 3.2 Monitor network server log-in log file for illegal log-in
attempts or for security breaches
3.3 Manage system resources in the context of database
administration

Variable Range
Database May include but is not limited to relational databases, object-
relational databases, proprietary databases, commercial off the
shelf (COTS) database packages such as Oracle, PostgreSQL,
Sybase, Microsoft SQL server, Microsoft Access, Ingres, DB2,
DB4, Informix, mSQL, MySQL, SQL server
Business May include, customer, supplier, payroll, inventory or tax
requirements requirements
Organizational May include but are not limited to personal use of emails and
internet access, content of emails, downloading information and
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 42 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
guidelines accessing particular websites, opening mail with attachments,
virus risk, dispute resolution, document procedures and
templates, communication methods and financial control
mechanisms.
Network server May include but is not limited to Novell NetWare 5 or above or
any operating system that has multi-user ability, Linux, Mac OS,
Windows 2000 or above
System May include but is not limited to hardware and software
components that run a computer

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of  Assessment must confirm the ability to consistently manage
Competence and administer a database.
 Monitor data and provide solutions to a defined range of
unpredictable problems
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  General knowledge of structured query language (SQL)
Attitudes  General knowledge of database administration
 Detailed knowledge of tuning methodologies
 General knowledge of the principles of databases
 Detailed knowledge of database management tools
 Detailed knowledge of back-up and recovery methodologies
 Detailed knowledge of database security
Underpinning  Analysis skills in relation to working database processes
Skills  Report writing skills for business
 Database management skills requiring depth in some areas
 Analysis and evaluation of information relating to database
performance
 Problem solving skills in database processes
 Research skills for identifying, analyzing and evaluating
features of a
 particular database
Resource To demonstrate competence in this unit the candidate will require
Implications access to a live database, preferably on a LAN on which there is
a server that offers log-in functionality.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 43 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration level IV
Unit Title Apply Object-Oriented Programming Language Skills
Unit Code EIS WDDBA4 03 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to undertake
programming tasks using an object oriented programming
language. Competence includes tool usage, documentation,
debugging and testing techniques in support of the programming
activity.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Apply basic 1.1 Basic language syntax rules and best practices are
language observed
syntax and 1.2 Language data-types, operators and expressions are used
layout
1.3 The appropriate language syntax for sequence, selection
and iteration constructs is used.
1.4 A modular programming approach is used
1.5 Arrays and arrays of objects are used
2. Apply basic 2.1 A class that contains primitive member/instance variables is
OO principles implemented
in the target 2.2 A class that contains multiple options for object construction
language is implemented
2.3 A class uses user defined aggregation
2.4 Inheritance is implemented to at least 2 levels of depth
2.5 Polymorphism is used at a simple level through inheritance
to enable easy code extension
3. Debug code 3.1 An integrated development environment is used,
particularly the language debugging facilities
3.2 Program debugging techniques are used to detect and
resolve errors.
4. Document 4.1 Guidelines for developing maintainable code adhering to a
activities set of coding standard is followed
4.2 Internal documentation standards and tools are followed and
used
5. Test code 5.1 Simple tests are developed and conducted to confirm the
coding process meets design specification
5.2 The tests performed are documented
5.3 Corrections are made to the code and the documentation as
needed
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 44 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range
Language This may be any of the following languages, but is not limited to:
 Visual Basic
 Java
 C++
 Small Talk
 Eiffel
Integrated This may include but not limited to:
development  Visual C++
environment  Visual Studio suite
 J-Edit
 Code Warrior
 Jbuilder

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm that:
Competence  Application programs are designed and built in accordance
with systems and programming requirements and standards.
 Application or programs developed using object-oriented
language meets required user specifications
Underpinning Knowledge includes:
Knowledge  Understanding of Object oriented programming concepts
 Object oriented programming language
 Small size application development
 Using a GUI to interact with operator
Underpinning Skills include:
Skills  Reading and interpreting program specifications, translating
requirements from problem space to machine space
 Integrated Development environment usage
 Programming techniques
 Internal (code) documentation techniques
 Testing and debugging techniques
 Documentation techniques
Resources To demonstrate this unit of competence the following resources will
Implication be required:
 Programming language and development environment
 User requirements and specification
 Program and documentation standards
 Personal computer or workstation
Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 45 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOPOccupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration level IV
Unit Title Use Advanced Structured Query Language
Unit Code EIS WDDBA4 04 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to use advanced
structured query language (SQL) to define, create and
manipulate database structures and associated data in a
relational database.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Write 2.1 Data from a table and specific columns is retrieved using
ADVANCED specific query and Clause used to sort query output
SQL statement 2.2 Number of rows restricted is retrieved by placing specific
to retrieve and criteria and Clause select statement
sort data
2.3 Comparison operators in the 'where' clause is used to
compare numeric, character, string, date and time data
2.4 Boolean operators is used with the correct precedence
2.5 Criteria in the 'where' clause is used to check for a range of
values, to select values from a list, and to check for values
that match a pattern
2.6 SQL syntax is used to suppress duplicate values from query
results and action taken to exclude null values from a query
result
2.7 Inner join syntax is employed to retrieve data from two or
more tables
2.8 'Left outer', 'right outer' and 'full outer' syntax is used to join
tables in the select statement
2.9 Correct syntax in the 'where' clause is used to retrieve data
from multiple tables
2.10 Union query that retrieves data from more than one table is
written
2. Write 2.1 Arithmetical operations are used with the correct
ADVANCED precedence.
SQL 2.2 String functions and operators is used to obtain the required
statements query output
that use
functions 2.3 Mathematical functions are used to obtain the required
output, where required
2.4 Date functions are used to obtain the required output
2.5 SQL aggregate functions are used to obtain the required
output

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 46 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
3. Write 3.1 'Group by' used to aggregate data by multiple columns
ADVANCED 3.2 Aggregated data is sorted in the query output
SQL
statements 3.3 Aggregated data is filtered using the 'having' clause
that use
aggregation
and filtering

Variable Range
Comparison May include
operators  equal to
 not equal to
 greater than
 less than
 greater than or equal to
 less than or equal to
Boolean May include
operators  use of AND, OR, NOT
Database May include but not limited to
 Oracle
 Sybase,
 Microsoft SQL Server
 Ingres
 DB2
 Informix
 MySQL
 Postgres SQL
Arithmetical May include but not limited to:
operators  Addition
 Subtraction
 Multiplication
 Modulus
 Division
Mathematical May include but not limited to:
functions  COS
 log
 power
 Sin
 square root
Information May include but not limited to:
requirements  reports
 summaries
 letters
 other business documents required by the organization

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 47 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Tools and May include but not limited to:
equipment  Computer
 DBMS software

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence  Write advanced SQL statement to retrieve and sort data
 Write advanced SQL statements that use functions
 Write advanced SQL statements that use aggregation and
filtering
 Write and execute SQL sub-queries
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Broad knowledge of data modeling structures
Attitudes  Data analysis, particularly in determining data types, data
structures and to query and report design
 Run time facilities in relation to implementing live database
 DBMS fundamentals
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 48 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration level IV
Determine Suitability of Database Functionality and
Unit Title
Scalability
Unit Code EIS WDDBA4 05 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to identify current and
future business requirements for a database.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Determine 1.1 Business requirements are defined following existing data.

database 1.2 Database objectives are confirmed inline with defined
functionality requirements.
1.3 Database is analyzed to identify the business rules, entities
and relationships.
1.4 Existing and proposed business models are identified.
1.5 Existing database and environment are documented
according to work place procedure.
1.6 Database functionality is confirmed with client.
2. Identify 2.1 Reserve and long-term capacity of the database is identified.
scalability and 2.2 Implications for the system architecture, data models, data
functionality structures, and hardware and software requirements are
requirements identified for scalability.
2.3 Functionality and scalability features of the database are
compared.
2.4 Gap between the features is determined and documented.
3. Prepare report 3.1 Functionality and scalability of database are documented.
3.2 Report on database functionality and scalability is submitted
to client for review.

Variable Range
Objectives May include but are not limited to how and what the organization
wants to achieve in:
 work environment
 problem solution processes
 preventative maintenance and diagnostic policy
 roles and technical responsibilities in the IT department
 vendor and product service-level support agreements
Database May include but not limited to:
 relational databases
 object-relational databases
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 49 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  proprietary databases
 commercial off the shelf (COTS)database packages
Documentation May follow:
 ISO/IEC/AS standards,
 audit trails,
 naming standards,
 version control,
 project management templates and report writing principles
Client May include but not limited to:
 internal departments,
 external organizations,
 individual people and employees
System May include but not limited to:
architecture  Operating system: Novell NetWare 5 or above or any
operating system that has multi-user ability, Linux, Windows 7
or above
 Database software: Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL server,
Ingres, DB2, Informix, mSQL, MySQL, SQL server
 Configuration: small memory model, large memory model,
requests per second
Hardware May include but not limited to:
 workstations
 personal computers
 modems and other connectivity devices
 networks
 DSL modems
 remote sites and servers
Software May include but not limited to:
 commercial
 in-house
 packaged or customized software

Requirements May be in reference to:

 the business
 system
 platform
 application
 database
 network or people in the organization
Scalability May include:
 reserve capacity and long-term capacity
In relation to databases
 scalability relates to multi-tier architecture
 scalable workflow architecture
 database replication
 distributed databases, server clustering

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 50 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Tools and May include but not limited to:
equipment  Computers ,
 DBMS software

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence  Identifying entities and relationships
 Developing normalization
 Validating model
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  OHS principles and responsibilities in regard to self and
Attitudes others
 Function and features of databases
 Data modeling
 Network architecture
 Common system hardware in relation to
 client/server/database architecture
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  Determine database functionality
 identify scalability and functionality requirements
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 51 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration level IV
Unit Title Perform Database System Test
Unit Code EIS WDDBA4 06 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to ensure that the
properties of the entire system are tested and proved adequate
before handover to the client/user for final acceptance testing.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare for test 1.1 Test environment is prepared in line with work guideline.
1.2 Software life cycle is determined based on work principles.
1.3 Test plan and appropriate test tools are defined.
1.4 System is recognized and separated into run able modules
mirroring live scenarios.
1.5 Logs and result sheets are gathered and prepared.
1.6 Scheduled test are announced to ensure preparedness and
understanding of implications for operations.
1.7 Test scripts (online test) or test run (batch test) are prepared
for running.
1.8 Expected results are reviewed against acceptance criteria
(walkthrough) and system requirements Documentation.
2. Conduct test 2.1 Test scripts and document results are run in line with test
and acceptance processes.
2.2 Required quality benchmarks or comparisons are performed
in readiness for acceptance testing.
2.3 Organization/industry standards are adopted, where
appropriate.
2.4 Actual results to expected results are compared on
completion of each system unit, and completed result
sheets.
3. Report 3.1 Recognize potential or existing quality problems.
problems that 3.2 Identify instances of variation in quality from specifications or
affect quality work instructions.
3.3 Report variation and potential problems to
supervisor/manager according to sector guidelines

Variable Range

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 52 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
est environment May include but not limited to:
 Data
 program libraries
 network/communications and other equipment
 operating system and other support software
Test tools May include:
 Code/unit/class testing:
 Assert Mate, Bounds Checker, C-Cover, Code Review, Code
Wizard, Deep Cover, FailSafe, Hindsight, Insure++, JCAST,
Logiscope, Java Pure Check
 Stress load testing:
automated test facilities, e-Load, E-TEST Suite, e-MONITO,
Astra SiteManager, Astra SiteTest, AutoTester Web,
LoadRunner, JavaLoad
 Applications testing:
 DataShark, Cyrano Suite, Datatect, preVue-C/S
Tools and May include but not limited to:
equipment  Test server (computer),
 Wamp
 Xaamp
 Filezila
 DBMS and DB applications

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence  preparing test cases
 conducting test
 Monitoring quality of work
 Reporting problems that affect quality
 Implementing quality assurance procedures
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  broad general knowledge of system requirements with
Attitudes detailed knowledge of particular system requirements and
features
 broad knowledge of automated test tools with detailed
knowledge of features and processes in some areas
 organizational rules for preparing test
 detailed knowledge of underlying test data
 detailed knowledge of input/output requirements
 Accessing and using management systems to keep and
maintain accurate records
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  prepare for test
 conduct test
 Participating in maintaining and improving quality at work
 Identifying hazards and critical control points in process of
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 53 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 production

Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,

Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.

Assessment Competency may be assessed through:

Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 54 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration level IV
Unit Title Complete Database Backup and Recovery
Unit Code EIS WDDBA4 07 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to back-up and
recover a database

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Review 1.1 The architecture of a database file system is identified and

database consequently, determined the most appropriate methods for
architecture back-up and recovery
1.2 Risks and failure scenarios are identified and examined that
are likely or possible
2. Determine 2.1 A range of back-up and restoration methods are evaluated
backup based on organizational and security standard and on the
methods assessment of likely or possible failure scenarios
appropriate to 2.2 Full off-line back-ups are completed according to
database organizational and security standards with minimal down time
requirements
2.3 On-line file back-ups are completed as determined by
organizational and security standards and with minimal down
time
2.4 Disk mirroring and redundant array of inexpensive disks
(RAID) hard disk configurations are employed to keep copies
of files
2.5 Off-site copies of back-up files are arranged
3. Establish 3.1 Database recovery points are determined based on the back-
recovery up arrangements according to organizational Guidelines.
points and 3.2 The restore process is tested in order to ensure that the
disaster database can be restored to a given recovery point, with
recovery minimal down time
procedures
3.3 The restoration of the database to the point of failure is
completed, without loss of committed transactions

Variable Range
Occupational  Correct posture, lighting, type of desk, type of monitor, style of
Health and Safety chair, typing position, repetitive strain injury prevention,
(OHS) ventilation, light position, correct lifting method, and length of
time in front of computer.
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 55 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  May also include physical safety considerations such as
general electrical safety and cabling, power supply and leads
as they apply to computer and peripheral installations.
Tools and May include but not limited to:
equipment  Computers , DBMS software, Tapes, Server

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to:
Competence  apply problem solving techniques to determine the root cause
of a routine malfunction or to refer the problem according to
escalation procedures
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Broad knowledge of help desk and maintenance practices
Attitudes  Current industry-accepted hardware and software products,
with broad knowledge of general features and capabilities and
detailed knowledge in some areas
 Broad knowledge of the operating system
 Broad knowledge of current industry practices
 Broad knowledge of diagnostic tools
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  review database architecture
 determine backup methods appropriate to database
requirements
 establish recovery points and disaster recovery procedures
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 56 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration level IV
Unit Title Create Technical Documentation
Unit Code EIS WDDBA4 08 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to create technical
documentation that is clear to the target audience and easy to
navigate

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Identify and 1.1 The client is consulted to identify documentation

analyze requirements.
documentation 1.2 Documentation requirements are interpreted and evaluated,
needs and details with the client confirmed
1.3 Industry and documentation standards are investigated for
requirements
1.4 The scope of work is defined and documented to be
produced
1.5 The client is consulted to validate and confirm the scope of
work
2. Design 2.1 Information requirements are identified with reference to
documentation layout and structure documented
2.2 Document templates and style guides are created consistent
with information requirements
2.3 A review of the system is conducted in order to understand
its functionality
2.4 Content that meets information requirements is extracted in
accordance with relevant copyright restrictions
2.5 The structure of the technical documentation is developed
giving focus to the flow of information, style, tone and
content format
2.6 The technical documentation structure is validated with the
client
3. Develop 3.1 Technical documentation is written based on the template
documentation and scope of work using the information gathered
3.2 Technical terminology is translated into plain English where
appropriated
3.3 Content format and style is applied in accordance with

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 57 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 relevant documentation standards and templates
4. Evaluate and 4.1 Technical documentation is submitted to appropriate
edit person for reviewed
documentation 4.2 Feedback is gathered and analyzed following working
guideline.
4.3 Alterations into the technical documentation is incorporated
4.4 The technical documentation is edited for technical and
grammatical accuracy

Variable Range
Requirements May be in reference to the business, system, application,
organizational policies, network or people in the organisation
Client May include but is not limited to internal departments, external
organizations, individual people and internal employees
System May include but is not limited to network, application, software,
business, computers, financial system, management system and
information system
Technical May include system or project specifications, system design,
documentation system functionality, reports, help references, technical manuals,
operational procedures, training materials and self-paced
tutorials, on-line help, user guides and brochures.
Appropriate May include a supervisor, teacher, authorized business
person representative or client.
Channels May include text, audio, animation and graphics provided through
books, manuals, CD-ROMs, DVDs, computer-based tutorials,
help screens and the world wide web.
Content May include information and interactive features, such as product
information, company information, copyright and disclaimer
notices, site map, frequently asked questions, what's new,
customer-specific information, customer only information, error
messages, instructions, feedback mechanisms, reference pages,
forms, background articles, ratings/rankings/testimonials/quotes
from reviews, hyperlink titles.
Documentation May include but are not limited to policy relating to sign-off,
standards storage, distribution, revision. May include ISO/IEC/AS
standards, organizational standards, audit trails, naming
conventions, version control, project management templates and
report writing principles

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to create technical
Competence documentation that meets business requirements, caters for a
diverse readership, is clear to the target audience and easy to
navigate such as
 Identified and analyzed documentation needs
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 58 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Designed documentation
 Developed documentation
 Evaluated and edited Documentation

Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:

Knowledge and  Content features, such as clarity and readability
Attitudes  Instructional design principles
 Functions and features of templates and style guides
 Document design, web design and usability
 The use of word processing software and multimedia
authoring tools
 Identifying target audiences
 Analyzing audience needs
 Identifying relevant content
 Determining appropriate content, formats and styles
 Writing content
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  design documentation
 develop documentation
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 59 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration level IV
Unit Title Produce server-side script for dynamic web pages
Unit Code EIS WDDBA4 09 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the outcomes, skills and knowledge required to
produce server-side scripts for dynamic web pages, using a range of
relevant features from different appropriate languages.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Analyse 1.1 Determine necessary dynamic functionality of the web document
requirements for 1.2 Determine appropriate language to achieve that functionality
web documents
requiring server- 1.3 Determine web document requirements
side dynamic
interaction
2. Design server- 2.1 Design web document and server-side code to interact with an
side scripts external data source
2.2 Design web document and server-side code to allow an
administrator to insert, update and delete entries to the external data
source
2.3 Implement security features in the web document
3. Produce web 3.1 Write eXtensible hypertext markup language (XHTML) considering
documents accessibility
3.2 Write server-side scripts to current XHTML standards

4. Test scripts and 4.1 Test web document against required functionality and reiterate until
debug correct
4.2 Complete documentation and submit to appropriate person for
approval

5. Set up security 5.1 Determine necessary permissions to prevent error messages

displaying to the public
5.2 Configure server software to minimise potential database attacks

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 60 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range
Web document may include but not limited:
 previously created and new HTML documents; saved email files
with or without attachments
 saved HTML documents.
Language may include but not limited:
 active server pages (ASP)
 .NET
 Perl hypertext preprocessor (PHP)
 Ruby On Rails.
External data may include but not limited:
source  Microsoft Structured Query Language (MS SQL) database
 MySQL database
 Oracle database
 Postgre database
 eXtensible markup language (XML).
Documentation may include but not limited:
 audit trails
 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and Australian Standards (AS)
standards
 naming standards
 project-management templates
 report-writing protocols
 version control.
Appropriate may include but not limited:
person  authorised business representative
 client
 supervisor.

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Evidence of the ability to:
Competence  create dynamic web pages from a client requirement using server-
side scripting to retrieve information from a web-hosted database
 create scripts for the quick upload of data to web-hosted databases
 create server-side scripts for inserting, updating and deleting data
from a web server database
 create server-side scripts to encode passwords
 create server-side scripts to upload and retrieve images
 create server-side scripts to manage sessions and secure login.

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 61 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Underpinning  server-side technologies and relevant web scripting languages
Knowledge and  server-side web analysis and design parameters
Attitudes  programming control structures, object-oriented programming
 hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
 stateless programming
 session management
 authentication and web security.
Underpinning
Skills  determine functional requirements
 identify dynamic server-side requirements
 create a user-friendly web page
 liaise with the client
 initiative and enterprise skills to provide feedback and
recommend the most appropriate technology solutions
 learning skills to research encountered problems independently
 follow documented instruction from a supplied guide
 follow server-side naming conventions
 interpret workplace instructions and other technical documents
 keep up-to-date with latest industry guidelines
 planning and organisational skills to determine the most
appropriate solution
 identify and rectify website functional problems
 identify and resolve bugs in the code created
 identify and resolve error messages
 select the most efficient and effective algorithms
 best-fit solution to client requirements
 solutions to encountered problems
 apply web-programming concepts
 create hypertext markup language (HTML) and XHTML pages
 create software in a variety of server-side languages
 create web pages that are aesthetically pleasing, logically laid
 out and user-friendly.
Resources Assessment must ensure access to:
Implication  client requirements
 functionality and scope requirements
 security policy
 database server
 internet and server access
 software development environment
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 62 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  web browsers ment support when required.
 Where applicable, physical resources
 appropriate learning and assess
 should include equipment modified for people with special needs.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 63 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration level IV
Unit Title Maintain Website Information Standard
Unit Code EIS WDDBA4 10 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to establish and maintain the accuracy and
usability of information stored on client websites.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare and 1.1 Validate organizational information and seek approval prior to
publish uploading to a website
organisational 1.2 Ensure specific details of the organisation are made
content and available on the website
information 1.3 Ensure privacy, security and liability statements are correctly
required by displayed on the website and conform to legislative
industry for requirements and web development standards
website 1.4 Develop and make available organisational information
2. Provide 2.1 Ensure website users have navigation links to access
navigation links appropriate information regardless of where they are located
and payment within the website
information 2.2 List various payment options on the website

3. Ensure 3.1 Present a clear website statement outlining charges

disclosure of 3.2 Present warranty information on appropriate screen, prior to
policies and finalising orders
services
3.3 Provide after-sales support and services information and
direct website user to its location
3.4 Ensure website contains policies regarding cancellations,
returns and refunds, and associated conditions
4. Communicate 4.1 Ensure appropriate screens display limitations and legislative
product or service restrictions on who or where goods and services will be sold or
conditions and shipped to
notifications 4.2 Ensure the website provides facilities to confirm orders and
cancellations as quickly as possible
4.3 Ensure website provides facilities to communicate to client
with minimum delay, details of orders, hold-ups or errors with
ordered or cancelled goods or services, information about
changed costs or adjustments, and expected date of arrival

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 64 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
5. Ensure 5.1 Explain service standards and make them available to all
customer service potential and current website users
support 5.2 Ensure website users have a method for providing feedback
on aspects of information held on the website
5.3 Ensure acknowledgements of complaints are transmitted to
website users lodging complaints, with a description of what will
take place within the organization to address issues raised
6. Facilitate group 6.1 Mechanisms which enhance effective group interaction
discussion is defined and implemented
6.2 Strategies which encourage all group members to
participate are used routinely
6.3 Objectives and agenda for meetings and discussions are
routinely set and followed
6.4 Relevant information is provided to group to facilitate
outcomes
6.5 Evaluation of group communication strategies is
undertaken to promote participation of all parties
Specific communication needs of individuals are identified and
addressed

Variable Range
Details may include but not limited:
 contact details
 physical address
 virtual details for online communications
 web presence information.
Legislative may include but not limited:
requirements  copyright
 liability statements
 privacy legislation.
Web development may include but not limited:
standards
 Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG)
 User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG)
 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
Organisational may include but not limited:
information  copyright notice on website if required
 information to notify the website user of which country the website
is located in
 information with regard to licences or qualifications or memberships
needed by potential users of the website
 local laws applicable to transactions that may be conducted
Ministry Science Web development and Database
Version 3
Page 65 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  notation on website indicating when the site was last updated
 policy on how information gathered on website users by the website
will be handled.
Charges may include but not limited:
 product or service costs
 shipping and handling charges and taxes to the customer prior to
finalising orders.
Warranty may include but not limited:
information  length of warranty
 time limits on warranty coverage
 what is covered
 what is not covered
 who administers the warranty.
After-sales support may include but not limited:
 duration of service and support
 nature of service and support
 under what circumstances it is provided or made available
 who is responsible for it.
Standards may include but not limited:
 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and Australian Standards (AS)
standards
 organisational standards
 project standards.
effective group  Identifying and evaluating what is occurring within an
interaction interaction in a non-judgmental way
 Using active listening
 Making decision about appropriate words, behavior
 Putting together response which is culturally appropriate
 Expressing an individual perspective
Expressing own philosophy, ideology and background and
exploring impact with relevance to communication

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Evidence of the ability to:
Competence  Demonstrated effective communication skills with clients
accessing service and work colleagues
 evaluate and analyse current practices
 interpret organisation, legislative and industry requirements
 develop policy
 provide a site accessible to a variety of customers via electronic
communication
 ensure that information meets all the requirements for an effective

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 66 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 and efficient e-commerce interaction.

Underpinning  Dynamics of groups and different styles of group leadership

Knowledge and  Communication skills relevant to client groups
Attitudes  consumer protection legislation
 content features, including clarity and readability
 document design, web design and usability
 electronic commerce modelling language
 information architecture
 instructional design principles
 obligations of merchants and service providers
 organisational requirements
 privacy legislation.
Underpinning  analytical skills to collect and evaluate organisational
Skills information for web publication
 communication skills to liaise and negotiate with colleagues and
clients
 interpret and write organizational policy
 interpret legislative and standards requirements
 analyses websites
 publish on a website
 write hypertext markup language (HTML) code.
 Role boundaries setting
 Negotiation
 Establishing empathy

Resources Assessment must ensure access to:

Implication  range of organisational policies, procedures and guidelines
 customer service manuals and general data
 appropriate organisational structures
 information standards for legislative and organisational
requirements
 software and web development tools
 appropriate learning and assessment support when required
 modified equipment for people with special needs.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry Science Web development and Database

Version 3
Page 67 Higher Education Administration
Dec 2021
Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 NTQF Level III

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 68 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Design and Database Administration Level III
Unit Title Website Technical Requirements modeling
Unit Code EIS WDDBA3 01 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to design a website
to specifications within a particular technical and human
interface environment.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Define 1.1 Business requirements, hardware and software

technical requirements are identified following working procedures.
environment 1.2 Software and hardware types are defined to ensure that
site is designed to meet business requirements.
1.3 Appropriate standards, software and hardware required to
develop the site are identified in accordance with business
requirements.
2. Define human 2.1 User analysis is conducted to determine a user profile and
computer user needs in line with work steps.
interface 2.2 User content and requirements are determined in
accordance with business requirements.
2.3 Appropriate design principles are determined for site.
2.4 Appropriate operating system is identified in accordance
with user needs.
3. Determine site 3.1 Hierarchy of pages is identified according to site design.
hierarchy 3.2 Logic and accessibility of content to user is ensured
according to business requirements.
3.3 Consistency and clarity of navigation between pages is
ensured in line with site hierarchy.
4. Gather data 4.1 Information gathering workshops and interviews are
through conducted to gather data
formal and 4.2 Reports and other data sources are reviewed for relevant
informal business information
processes
4.3 Business-critical factors relating to current and future
directions of the organization are confirmed with
stakeholders
4.4 Group and individual responses are analyzed to clearly
define business priorities
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 69 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range
Business May include but not limited to:
requirements  meeting customer needs
 organizational goals

Hardware May include but not limited to:

 workstations
 personal computers
 modems and other connectivity devices
 remote sites and servers
Standards May include
 XML standards
 ISO and IEEE to web-oriented groups like IETF and W3C,
IEEE Std

User May include

 a person within a department
 a department within the organization or a third party
Operating system May include but not limited to:
 Windows variety
 Linux

Information May include

hierarchy  page layout
 technical specifications
 content structure
 secure access provisions and locations and links to other
internet resources where appropriate
Design principles May include but are not limited to :
 user compatibility
 product compatibility
 task compatibility
 workflow compatibility
 consistency
 familiarity
 simplicity
 WYSIWYG
 Flexibility
 Responsiveness
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 70 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  invisible technology
 robustness
 protection
 ease of learning
Search engine A website that allows the entry of a search parameter and
based on the request, searches through its list of websites for
the best match. It then displays the results for selection A wide
variety of search tools may be used

Tools and May include but not limited to:

equipment  Web servers
 e-business website
 Site servers software
 Requirements documentation
 Customer relationship model
Business-critical  response times
factors  scalability
 traffic
 data knowledge and management
 security
 customer demographics
 customer confidence
 expectations

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment confirmed that the candidate has -
competence  gathering data through different processes
 identified business requirements
 defined technical environment
 defined human computer interface
 determined site hierarchy
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  current industry systems development methodologies
Attitudes  Current industry-accepted hardware and software products,
including broad knowledge of general features and
capabilities
 website architecture principles
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 71 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  website development tools and standards
 business process design
 documenting technical specifications
 basic information architecture
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  gather data through formal and informal processes
 define the technical environment
 define the human computer interface
 determine site hierarchy
 design website
 ensure analysis is accurate and complete
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

TOP
Occupational Standard: Web development and Database administration Level III
Unit Title Model Data Object
Unit Code EIS WDDBA3 02 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to understand business operations, identify
entities and data, diagrammatically represent their relationships
and prepare a data model.

Element Performance Criteria

1. Identify entities and 1.1 Analyse business data to understand operations
relationships 1.2 Identify boundaries of the system
1.3 Identify entities, attributes, data types and
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 72 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 relationships of data
1.4 Review business rules to determine impact
1.5 Document relationships in an entity relationship diagram
2. Develop 2.1 Identify suitable business data
normalisation 2.2 Undertake normalisation of business data and document
results
2.3 Compare normalisation results with entity relationship
diagram
2.4 Reconcile differences between data
3. Validate model 3.1 Validate data model with client
3.2 Resolve issues or recommendations
3.3 Document completed data model
3.4 Submit to client for final approval

Variable Range
System May include but not limited:
 application service provider
 applications
 databases
 gateways
 internet service provider (ISP)
 operating systems
 servers.
Entities May include but not limited:
 concept
 object
 person.
Data types May include but not limited:
 character large object (CLOB), double-byte character
large object (DBCLOB)
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 73 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  character string
 date-time and binary string
 double-byte (or graphic) character string
 large object (LOB), binary large object (BLOB)
 numeric
 structured types and reference types
 user-defined type (UDT).
Relationships May include but not limited:
 many-to-many
 many-to-one
 one-to-many
 one-to-one.

Evidence Guide
Overview of
assessment
Critical aspects for Evidence of the ability to:
competencies
 model valid data objects
 normalise the model
 validate the model.
Underpinning  database identifiers and their impact on database
Knowledge usability
 normalization rules and processes
 type hierarchies, including sub-types, super-types,
root-types related to development of structured data
types
 validation procedures and processes
 an approach to data modelling, such as the entity-
relationship model, keys, e.g. unique keys,
composite keys, primary keys and primary index
 time stamps related to the use of keys
 user-defined types, structured types, reference types
and user-defined functions
Underpin Skill  analytical skills to analyse business data
 communication skills to liaise with clients
 problem-solving skills to solve problems that arise
with the entity relationships
 technical skills to:
 develop entity-relationship models in tables
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 74 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  relate identifier selection to business domain
 relate user specifications to data model
 transfer customer requirements into data model.

Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated

implication situations, including work areas, materials and equipment,
and to information on workplace practices and OHS
practices.
Method of Competence may be assessed through:
assessment  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Access is required to real or appropriately simulated
Assessment situations, including work areas, materials and equipment,
and to information on workplace practices and OHS
practices.

TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development and database administration Level IV
Unit Title Develop Website Information Architecture
Unit Code EIS WDDBA3 03 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to develop
information architecture for a complex website that meets
current and future business requirements.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Identify content 1.1 Strategic intent of website are identified from business
needs requirements and client expectations
1.2 Information requirements are develop based on the
website intent, intended audiences, types of client
interactions, and long- and short-term goals for the site
1.3 Required information are identified and grouped into
business schemes related to the business structure
1.4 Content requirements are determined for each process

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 75 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
2. Plan content 2.1 Information and documents are clustered in related topics
structure 2.2 Hierarchy of information is developed and data checked to
confirm sequence of hierarchy
2.3 Ensure that labels are clear, consistent, coherent and
relatively intuitive for client to access
3. Develop 3.1 Navigation system for overall website is built based on
navigation business requirements
system 3.2 Ease of navigation on the site is ensured and provided
different ways of searching, while providing feedback to
client
3.3 Navigation system is ensured to give users the flexibility to
find the information and products they want
3.4 Consistent and logical labeling system is develop taking
into account client demographics
4. showcase and 4.1 Prototype of information architecture design is constructed
sign off 4.2 Arrange for a subset of the client to test the prototype for
usability to determine if architecture meets client
expectations
4.3 Site content is ensured to be formatted correctly in the
business and client technical environment
4.4 Architecture is adjusted based on client feedback
4.5 Sign off prototype are met to confirm current and future
business requirements
Variable Range
Requirements May be in reference to the business, system, application,
network or people in the organization
Client May include but is not limited to internal departments, external
organizations, individual people and employees
Content May include information and interactive features such as
product information, organizational information, copyright and
disclaimer notices, site map, frequently asked questions, what’s
new, customer-specific information, customer-only information,
error messages, instructions, feedback mechanisms, reference
pages, forms, background articles,
ratings/rankings/testimonials/quotes from reviews, hyperlink
titles

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 76 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to –
Competency  develop the information architecture of a complex website
that meets current and future business requirements
 confidently and readily access the information required
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  website architecture and business process design and
Attitudes linkages between processes
 client and requirement understanding and how e-business
sites fit into corporate strategy
 implications of technology connectivity and documentation of
technical specifications
Underpinning Demonstrate skills of –
Skills  website analysis
 use of website design software and hardware
 user analysis
 integrating on-line processes
Resources The following resources must be provided:
Implication  E-business website
 Business strategy
 Client demographics documentation
Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 77 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration Level III
Unit Title Design Program Logic
Unit Code EIS WDDBA3 04 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to describe the various
processes in a program to ensure that there is understanding of
user and design requirements.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Select the 1.1 Design documentation is obtained and the requirements for
program logic the programs are reviewed and clarified.
design 1.2 Design approach to be taken in coding and the modules and
approach links required is determined

2. Document the 2.1 Diagrams of program flow and modules are structured
program logic according to project standards
or design 2.2 Program scope and limits are documented according to
project standards
2.3 Special routines or procedures are documented or referenced
according to project standards
2.4 References for tables, files, inputs, outputs, and other
program functionalities are identified and revised according to
program requirements
2.5 Templates are used as applicable
3. Validate the 3.1 Program flow, states or conditions are checked for interfaces
design and compliance to design documentation requirements
3.2 Feedback/input is gained from appropriate person as
needed

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 78 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range
Design The various program logic design approach may include, but not
approach limited to the use of:
 pseudo codes
 flowcharts
 diagrams
 ERDs
 HIPO Charts
 data flow diagrams
 data structures
 RAD
 case tools
 prototyping
 modular programming
Design Any form of written documentation of the system or program
documentation requirements received by a programmer from the systems analyst,
project manager or supervisor.
Appropriate This may be the:
person  systems analyst
 supervisor
 another programmer
 teacher
 user
Project This may include, but not limited to:
standards  Client imposed systems development standards
methodologies
 Available commercial tools like: Visio, Smart draw, or case
tools

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
of Competence  Programming and program logic formulation or design skills
 Assessment must confirm the ability to meet technical
requirements by successfully producing the required program
design

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 79 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Understanding of system specification and requirements
Attitudes  Knowledge of programming or coding
 Knowledge of programming using constructs/ modules/ objects
 Concepts of various program and system lifecycle options
 Knowledge of program design and structure
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  Use and application of various design documentation tools
 Coding programs
 Designing and debugging program logic and flow
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 80 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration Level III
Unit Title Develop cascading style sheets
Unit Code EIS WDDBA3 05 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to develop cascading style sheets (CSS)
that are attached to a mark-up language document.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Determine 1.1 Obtain user requirements for style
requirements and 1.2 Develop CSS to match user requirements
develop CSS
2. Use CSS 2.1 Style elements of a web page using CSS techniques
techniques to 2.2 Position document elements using CSS
create web pages
2.3 Apply style sheets to multiple pages in a website
3. Ensure web 3.1 Validate CSS against industry standards
page and CSS 3.2 Test website in various browsers
are validated and
tested 3.3 Rectify browser differences to ensure website is accessible

Variable Range
CSS may relate  application of browser-specific rules
to:  application of layering to achieve desired design
 application of transparency
 attribute selectors
 fluid page layouts
 new release of CSS rules.
Industry may include but not limited to:
standards  W3C
 Web 2.0.
Browsers include but not limited to
 Firefox
 Google Chrome
 Internet Explorer
 Konqueror
 Lynx
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 81 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Mozilla
 Netscape Navigator
 Opera
 Safari.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Evidence of the ability to:
Competence  develop website styled and formatted using CSS
 create page layout using CSS
 test web pages in a variety of browsers
 validate the CSS against industry standards.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  overview knowledge of design principles
Attitudes
 hypertext markup language (HTML) and eXtensible
hypertext markup language (XHTML)
 CSS
 hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol
 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards
 techniques to correct browser incompatibilities.

Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:

Skills  analytical skills to identify appropriate CSS rules to be
applied to obtain desired result
 initiative and enterprise skills to recommend design
features
 follow documented instruction from a supplied guide
 interpret workplace instructions and other technical
documents
 document element dimensions
 relative and absolute measurements
 create the CSS in allocated timeframe
 create web pages that will function in a variety of screen
resolutions
 resolve browser incompatibilities
 research skills to identify latest industry guidelines and
make recommendations
 learning and literacy skills to keep up-to-date with
industry guidelines
 produce valid accessible web pages
 use CSS in the most efficient and effective way.
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 82 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Resources Assessment must ensure access to:
Implication
 appropriate learning and assessment support when
required
 modified equipment for people with special needs
 computer
 HTML documents to have CSS applied to them
 internet access to validate the CSS against the W3C
 different browsers.
Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development And Database Administration Level III
Unit Title Write Content for Web Page
Unit Code EIS WDDBA3 06 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to write concise,
clear and Relevant content for web pages on behalf of a client.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Determine site 1.1 Customer information needs are identified with reference
content to audience, site functionality and client requirements
requirements 1.2 Site purpose and functionality is confirmed with reference
to client specification.
1.3 Content channels and format are identified as part of
client requirements.
1.4 Relevant templates and style guides are identified
according to organizational procedures and client
requirements.
1.5 Relevant content is identified and analyzed with reference
to audience needs, maintenance requirements Information
architecture, and site design and functionality.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 83 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 1.6 Alterations to site design are negotiated as required by the
content and client requirements.

2. Write site 2.1 Content is generated in accordance with content and client
content requirements.
2.2 Accessibility, visibility, clarity of information flow and the
logical pattern of content is ensured in accordance with
client requirements.
2.3 Content is edited with reference to audience needs, site
functionality, and content and client requirements.
3. Upload 3.1 Server site is logged using either administrative or
content anonymous file transfer protocol in preparation for upload.
3.2 File transfer protocol client is launched and then
navigated to destination directory, either graphically or by
using a command line interface.
3.3 Files are stored and ordered according to logical design
and user needs, using accepted file extension scheme.
3.4 Operation is demonstrated

Variable Range
Client  Business  organizational policies
requirements may  system  network
be in reference to  application  people in the organization
 style
File transfer  commercial software applications;
protocol client  organization-specific software,
may include but is  packaged software
not limited to:  in-house
 customized software

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects Assessment confirmed that the candidate has developed and
of Competence uploaded quality content for a website that meets audience
and client needs.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Content features, such as clarity, ease of viewing (e.g. how
Attitudes much scrolling is required to view the site),readability and
how intuitive or logical the navigation is from one content
detail to the next
 The functions and features of micro-content elements (e.g.
headings, highlighted words, link text) Relationship between
content and site design (e.g. giving the website a look in
harmony with or adopting the corporate style)
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 84 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Functions and features of style guides (e.g. using cascading
style sheets)
 Web design and usability (e.g. finding a balance between
visual impact elements and speed of downloads)
 Copyright and intellectual property legislation and
application principles (e.g. adopting the Harvard method for
content/document referencing or the protocols for seeking
permission to use from authors and sources
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  determine site content requirements
 write site content
 upload site content
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting
TOP

Occupational Standard: Database Administration Level III

Unit Title Use Basic Structured Query Language
Unit Code EIS WDDBA3 07 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to use a basic
structured query language (SQL) to define, create and
manipulate database structures and associated data in a
relational database.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Write an SQL 1.1 All the data from a table is retrieved following work
statement to procedure.
retrieve and 1.2 Data from specific columns in a single table is retrieved.
sort data
1.3 Clause is used to sort query output.
1.4 Number of rows restricted is retrieved by placing criteria in
the clause.
1.5 Number of rows restricted is retrieved by placing specific
criteria in the select statement.
1.6 Comparison operators in the clause is used to compare
numeric, character, string, date and time data
1.7 Boolean operators is used with the correct precedence

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 85 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 1.8 Criteria in the 'where' clause is used to check for a range of
values, to select values from a list, and to check for values
that match a pattern
1.9 SQL syntax is used to suppress duplicate values from
query results
1.10 Action is taken to exclude null values from a query result
2. Write SQL 2.1 Arithmetical operators is used with the correct
statements precedence
that use 2.2 String functions and operators is used to obtain the required
functions query output
2.3 Mathematical functions is used to obtain the required
output, where required
2.4 Date functions are used to obtain the required output
2.5 SQL aggregate functions are used to obtain the required
output
3. Write SQL 3.1 Clause used to aggregate data by multiple columns
statements 3.2 Aggregated data is sorted in the query output
that use
aggregation 3.3 Aggregated data is filtered using the clause
and filtering
4. Write and 4.1 Single and nested sub-queries are constructed
execute SQL 4.2 Sub-queries are constructed that return a single row, and
sub-queries multiple rows
4.3 Correlated sub-queries are used to retrieve required data
4.4 Sub-queries are written that use aggregates

Variable Range
Comparison May include
operators  equal to,
 not equal to
 greater than
 less than
 greater than or equal to
 less than or equal to
Boolean May include
operators  the use of AND, OR, NOT
Database May include but are not limited to
 python
 Oracle
 Sybase,
 Microsoft SQL Server
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 86 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  SQLite
 IBM DB2
 Informix
 MySQL
 Postgres SQL
Arithmetical May include but not limited to:
operators  Addition
 Subtraction
 Multiplication
 Modulus
 Division
Mathematical May include but not limited to:
functions  COS
 log
 power
 Sine
 square root
Clause Where
Order by
Having
Information May include but not limited to:
requirements  reports
 Summaries
 letters
 customer feedback
 other business documents required by the organization
Tools and May include but not limited to:
equipment  Modeling tools, Computers , DBMS software

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to use a structured query
Competence language to create database structures, and store, retrieve and
manipulate data in a relational database.
An individual demonstrating this competency would be able to:
 Write an SQL statement to interconnect inter table
 Write an SQL statement to retrieve and sort data
 Write SQL statements that use functions
 Write SQL statements that use aggregation and filtering
 Write and execute SQL sub-queries
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Comprehensive knowledge of data modeling structures
Attitudes  Data analysis, particularly in determining data types, data
structures and to query and report design
 Run time facilities in relation to implementing live database
 DBMS fundamentals
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 87 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development and Database Administration Level III
Unit Title Integrate database with a website
Unit Code EIS WDDBA3 08 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to skills and
knowledge that define to ensure database is integration with
a website

Element Performance Criteria

1. Connect to 1.1 Identify site data needs from technical requirements
database
1.2 Connect to database from web application using a web
development language
2. Retrieve data from 2.1 Retrieve data using structured query language (SQL)
database and display 2.2 Display data in the most appropriate control
on web pages
2.3 Format data so that it is displayed in the most effective
way
3. Update database 3.1 Update existing data stored in the database with user-
data from user input supplied input
3.2 Insert data in the database with user-supplied input
3.3 Delete data stored in the database
3.4 Include error checking and validation

Variable Range
Database may include May include:
 Access
 DB2
 Informix
 Ingres
 Microsoft SQL (MS SQL) server
 Mini SQL (mSQL)
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 88 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  MySQL
 Oracle
 Sybase.
 Python
Language may Not limited May include:
include:  ASP
 [Link]
 Coldfusion
 Perlscript
 PHP.
User may include: May include:
 client
 external departments
 individuals
 Internal departments.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates a knowledge and skills of:
Competence  Create a web application, which integrated and accesses
a database, displaying and modifying the database data
provided by user input.
Required Knowledge Demonstrates knowledge of:
and Attitudes detailed knowledge of:
 database structure
 internet technology as it relates to the use of databases
 programming control structures, object-oriented
programming
 SQL
 authentication and web security
 HTTP
 session management
 Stateless programming
Required Skills Demonstrates skills to:
analytical skills to:
 determine functional requirements
 identify database access points
 identify and rectify website functional problems
 identify and resolve bugs in the created code
 find solutions to encountered problems
 apply hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 89 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  apply web programming concepts
 create hypertext markup language (HTML) or eXtensible
hypertext markup language (XHTML) pages
 create software in a web development language
 create SQL statements
 Create aesthetically pleasing web pages.
Resource Implications Access is required to real or appropriately simulated
situations, including work areas, materials and equipment,
and to information on workplace practices and OHS
practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

TOP
Occupational Standard: Web development and Database Administration Level
Unit Title Monitor and Support Data Conversion
Unit Code EIS WDDBA 09 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to monitor and support
data.

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 90 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
1. Monitor data 1.1 Conversion supporting documentation is obtained and
conversion applied to conversion process.
1.2 Production data is protected by taking action to ensure back-
up before conversion.
1.3 Requirements of the client are determined and impacted
on business operation.
1.4 Software, hardware or environmental pre-requisites are
identified and confirmed in the conversion plan.
1.5 Data accuracy and integrity is validated according to
conversion specifications.
1.6 Data rejected by conversion tools is identified and actions
detailed in conversion plan are carried out.
1.7 Data rejection or errant behavior of the conversion process
is documented.
2. Support data 2.1 Results are verified based on relevant checklist.
conversion 2.2 Verified data are presented and have them signed by
appropriate persons.
2.3 Back-up copies of conversion files are maintained and
documented according to requirements
2.4 Clear and coherent technical documentation is developed

Variable Range
Supporting May include data conversion plan, conversion specifications and
documentation documentation guidelines
Requirements May be in reference to the business, system, platform,
application, database, network or people in the organization
Client May include but is not limited to internal departments, external
organizations, clubs, individual people and internal employees
Hardware May include but is not limited to workstations, personal
computers, modems and other connectivity devices, networks,
remote sites, servers, DSL modems
Software May include but is not limited to commercial software
applications; organization-specific software, packaged software,
in-house or customized software.
Environmental May consist of but is not limited to dust, heat, extreme cold,
pre-requisites temperature stability, air circulation and moisture.
Technical May include project specifications, reports, help references,
documentation technical manuals, training materials and self-paced tutorials, on-
line help, user guides, brochures.
Tools and May include but not limited to:
equipment  Tools that analyze data quality
 Tools for extraction and transformation
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 91 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Tools for cleansing data (identifying invalid field entries and
forcing to legal values
 Data management tools

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates ability to:
Competence  achieve a physical transfer or transformation of data
 migrate data from the legacy systems to the staging area (if
necessary)
 data conditioning, cleaning, transformation, and integration in
the staging area
 storing, updating and exporting converted data
 data loading and indexing on the production server
 ensuring data quality throughout the data conversion process
 ensure data is complete and valid
 ensure sound structural integrity of both the legacy system and
the new database/data warehouse
 ensure data reflects and works with the business rules and
data standards
 monitor and support data conversion
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  inherent data requirements of both old and upgraded or new
Attitudes systems
 Broad knowledge of data conversion from legacy systems
 Broad knowledge of current industry data conversion tools
 Current industry-accepted hardware and software products,
 with broad knowledge of general features and
 capabilities and detailed knowledge in some areas
 Broad knowledge of current data modeling methodologies
Underpinning  data conditioning, cleaning, transformation, and integration in
Skills the staging area
 storing, updating and exporting converted data
 data loading and indexing on the production server
 ensuring data quality throughout the data conversion process
 monitor and support data conversion
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 92 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development and database administration Level IV
Unit Title Evaluate and select a web hosting service
Unit Code EIS WDDBA3 10 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to evaluate and select an appropriate
hosting service for current and future business needs.

Element Performance
1. Select ISP 1.1 Review comparable characteristics of a range of
hosting services
1.2 Review client usage and ensure that email and mailing
list services are flexible enough to meet current and
future business needs

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 93 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 1.3 Review support service standards to ensure they meet
business needs
1.4 Ensure ISP hosting service has sufficient data capacity
to cover partial outages
1.5 Determine availability of security technologies
1.6 Determine availability of scripting languages
1.7 Evaluate optional server applications for advanced web
business functions
1.8 Confirm client selection criteria and select ISP hosting
service that best matches the criteria
2. Ensure guarantee of 2.1 Establish that web-hosting service has systems in place
permanent online to monitor server performance and availability
presence 2.2 Negotiate escalation procedures and performance
standards with ISP
2.3 Establish that security and backup procedures are
articulated and meet business needs
3. Ensure that web 3.1 Take action to ensure that operating system supports
host meets technical the preferred business development software, applications,
requirements extensions and databases
3.2 Establish that web-host servers support dynamic
websites using the preferred business technologies
3.3 Establish that web host provides current and future disk
space requirements
3.4 Establish that site-analysis reports are available and
flexible enough to meet business needs
3.5 Establish that security systems and payment
technologies meet business and customer expectations
and requirements
4. Benchmark 4.1 Test performance of the ISP during on and off-peak
performance and times and record outcomes
test against 4.2 Establish that email and mailing services have backup
specified criteria procedures in place and are protected from damage,
erasure or unwanted damage
4.3 Take action to ensure support services perform
according to business needs
5. Assess quality of 5.1 Services delivered are checked against organization
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 94 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 service delivered quality standards and specifications
5.2 Service delivered are evaluated using the appropriate
evaluation parameters and in accordance with
organization standards.
5.3 Causes of any identified faults are identified and
corrective actions are taken in accordance with
organization policies and procedures

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to –
Competency  develop the information architecture of a complex website
that meets current and future business requirements
 confidently and readily access the information required
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  different web hosting service provision options and their
Attitudes scalability
 internet security issues
 operating systems used by ISPs
 performance expectations from customers and end users
 server technologies
 web hosting services and performance benchmarks.

Underpinning Demonstrate skills of –

Skills  analytical skills to:
 determine appropriate pricing and services plan for the
business
 evaluate and compare web-hosting services
 communications skills to:
 establish client requirements
 negotiate escalation procedures and performance
standards with ISP
 numeracy skills to assess pricing plans
 planning skills to identify future business needs
 technical skills to assess security systems and technical
requirements
 integrating on-line processes
Resources The following resources must be provided:
Implication  E-business website
 Business strategy
 Client demographics documentation
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 95 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting
Variables Range

Characteristics may include not limited:

- data transfer
- functionality
- hosting plans, such as:
 common gateway interface (CGI) access
 dedicated servers
 e-business hosting
 scripts
- level of service
- pricing plans
- web-hosting facilities.
Security May include but not limited :
technologies  payment gateways
 public key infrastructure (PKI)
 secure socket layer (SSL).
Scripting May include but not limited:
languages  PHP and Python
 [Link]
 JavaScript
Server May include not limited not limited:
applications  database and data warehousing
 directory services
 file sharing
 messaging
 network and remote access
 printer sharing
 web services.
Server May include but not limited:
 Apache HTTP server
 email servers
 FTP servers
 WebSphere
 Lotus Domino
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 96 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Microsoft Internet Information Server

Operating May include but not limited

system  Linux
 Windows.
Databases May include but not limited:
 Microsoft SQL (MS SQL) server
 MySQL
 Oracle
 Postgre Structured Query Language (Postgre SQL)
Quality check  Check against specifications
 Visual inspection of final output
 Physical inspection of service
Quality standards  materials
 components
 process
Quality  standard specifications
parameters  procedures
 materials

Evidence guide
Critical aspects of Evidence of the ability to:
Competency
 assess client needs and select ISP that meets the
current and future needs of the business
 evaluate web hosting service:
 ensure price meets client’s budgetary requirements
 ensure security systems and technical requirements
of the business are met
 monitor the performance of the ISP during on and off
peak times.
 Investigated causes of deviations of services against
standard
Underpinning  Assessment must ensure access to:
Knowledge and  hosting plans, prices and service agreements
Attitudes  use of current technology underpinning the ISP and
services offered
 criteria for selecting an ISP
 business plan outlining future directions for the business
 appropriate learning and assessment support when
required.
 Where applicable, physical resources should include
equipment modified for people with special needs.
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 97 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Relevant evaluation techniques and quality checking
procedures
Underpinning Skills A range of assessment methods should be used to assess
practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are
appropriate for this unit:
 Communicate effectively within defined workplace
procedures
 direct observation of candidate:
 evaluating web-hosting services
 benchmarking and testing ISP
 user requirements recording
 review of reports prepared by candidate showing the
results of ISP testing.
Method of Competence may be assessed through:
assessment  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Access is required to real or appropriately simulated
Assessment situations, including work areas, materials and equipment,
and to information on workplace practices and OHS
practices.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 98 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 NTQF Level II

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 99 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level II
Standard
Unit Title Operate Database Application
Unit Code EIS WDDBA2 01 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to operate database
applications and perform basic operations.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Create database 1.1 Database application is opened and designed incorporating

objects basic design principles
1.2 Database object is created according to database usage, as
well as user requirements
1.3 Database object is modified as required
1.4 Data in a table are added and modified according to
information requirements
1.5 Records are added, modified and deleted as required
1.6 Database objects are saved and compiled
2. Customize basic 2.1 Page layout is adjusted to meet user requirements
settings 2.2 Different toolbars are opened and viewed
2.3 Font is formatted as appropriate for the purpose of the
database entries
3. Create reports 3.1 Reports are designed to present data in a logical sequence or
manner
3.2 Reports are modified to include/exclude additional
requirements
3.3 Reports are distributed to appropriate person in a approved
format
4. Create forms 4.1 Wizard used to create a simple form
4.2 Existing database opened and records through a simple form
modified
4.3 Objects within the form rearranged to accommodate
information requirements
5. Retrieve 5.1 Existing database is accessed and required records located
information 5.2 Simple query is created and required information retrieved
5.3 Query with multiple criteria is developed and required
information retrieved
5.4 Data are selected and appropriately displayed

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 100 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range

Occupational • Correct posture, lighting, and type of desk, type of monitor,

Health & Safety style of chair, typing position, repetitive strain injury
(OH&S) prevention, ventilation, light position, correct lifting method,
and length of time in front of computer.
• May also include physical safety considerations such as
general electrical safety and cabling, power supply and leads
as they apply to computer and peripheral installations.
Design principles May include
• naming conventions
• data layout
• formatting

Page layout May include

• landscape
• portrait
Toolbars May can contain
• buttons
• menus or a combination of both
Font May include
• The combination of typeface and other attributes, such as size,
pitch, and spacing character or symbol.
Appropriate person May include
• a supervisor
• teacher
• authorized business representative or client
Objects May include
• buttons
• checkboxes
• option buttons
• text boxes
• drop down lists

Tools and May include but not limited to:

equipment • Computers, DB applications, DBMS

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 101 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment must ensure candidate has the ability –
Competence • to design and develop a simple database using a standard
database package
• to add data, use queries, and create forms and reports
• create and format documents
• customize basic settings to meet page layout conventions
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • basic database design
Attitudes • basic settings and context
• relationships between tables (cardinality)
• forms, reports and queries for retrieving and displaying
information
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills • create database objects
• customize basic settings
• retrieve information
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 102 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level II
Standard:
Unit Title Build simple websites using commercial programs

Unit Code EIS WDDBA2 02 1221

Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to use web authoring tools to create,
modify and test simple web pages and websites.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Identify 1.1 Select preferred web authoring tool according to client

authoring requirements
requirements 1.2 Set preferences for the web authoring tool,
1.3 select and install web authoring tool

2. Create and save 2.1 Create files and save in correct location or directory
files
2.2 Navigate the web authoring tool environment or workspace
2.3 Access and use a range of features in the web authoring tool
2.4 Maintain suitable directory structure for the site
2.5 Save in appropriate directory structure

3. Add content to 3.1 Insert and format text content according to client
web pages requirements
3.2 Insert images, data tables and simple forms
3.3 Access markup language and make basic modifications to
code
4. Create simple 4.1 Create links between pages to reflect content structure using
navigation both text and images
4.2 Create frame using markup language
4.3 create form using markup language
5. Test website 5.1 Test elements of website content across a number of different
browsers and
5.2 browser versions to ensure consistency of presentation and
performance
5.3 Test that website meets client requirements

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 103 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range

Web authoring May include

tool may include: • Dreamweaver for Windows
• Edit Pad
• Edit Plus
• Front Page
• Notepad
• Sublime text editor
• Atomic
• Visual Studio code
Client may • external organisations
include: • individuals
• Internal departments.
Requirements may • Application
include: • business or organisational
• individuals
• network
• people in the organisation
• system.
Images may  animations
include:  backgrounds
 banners
 clip art
 content-related images
 decorative elements
 logos
 Photos.
Markup language • hypertext markup language (HTML)
may include:
Browsers may • Firefox
include: • Google Chrome
• Internet Explorer
• Opera

Evidence Guide

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 104 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Critical Aspects of Assessment must ensure candidate has the ability –
Competence  select and use a web authoring tool to create web pages
 insert text and image elements in a web page
 modify existing markup language
 test web page content for consistency
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Create files and save in correct location or directory
Attitudes
 Navigate the web authoring tool environment or
workspace
 Access and use a range of features in the web authoring
tool
 Maintain suitable directory structure for the site
 Save in appropriate directory structure
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills
 Insert and format text content according to client
requirements
 Insert images, data tables and simple forms
 Access markup language and make basic modifications to
code
Resources  computer hardware and software
Implication  web authoring tools
 website
 storage media
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  direct questioning and interview to assess knowledge of
web publishing, markup language, uploading and testing
procedures
 observation of candidate performing tasks related to
creating web pages
 Review of a newly created website.
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 105 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level II
Standard:
Unit Title Administrate Network and Hardware Peripherals
Unit Code EIS WDDBA2 03 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to connect, install,
configure, maintain and troubleshoot local area network and
peripherals

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Confirm
requirements of 1.1 Client peripheral requirements are Identified and confirmed
client in accordance with organizational standards.
1.2 Client requirements and peripherals needed are documented
in line with organizational standards and report findings to
the appropriate person.
1.3 Client requirements are verified with appropriate person in
line with organizational standards and reporting procedures.
1.4 Action taken to ensure client support expectations are covered
by vendor warranty and support services.
2. Obtain required 2.1 Peripherals are obtained under instruction from appropriate
peripherals person.
2.2 Peripherals are entered into equipment inventory according to
organizational standards.
2.3 Contents of delivered components and physical contents that
match the packing list are validated and resolved
discrepancies if necessary.
2.4 Peripherals are stored according to vendor/manual guidelines.
3. Connect 3.1 Timeframe for installation schedule is verified with the client
hardware requirement.
peripherals
3.2 Old peripherals are removed if they are being replaced with
minimal disruption to clients, taking into account
environmental considerations and OHS standards.
3.3 New peripherals are connected with minimum disruption to
clients, taking into account operating system procedures.
3.4 The computer configured to accept the new peripherals based
on business requirement
3.5 Hardware peripherals are tested and confirmed to client
satisfaction, pay particular attention to possible impact on
other systems and make adjustments as required.
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 106 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
4. Install 4.1 Location of peripherals are planned to provide appropriate
peripherals to a services to users and to take into consideration OHS
network standards.
4.2 Peripherals are connected to network, using vendor
approved method and technology.
4.3 Peripherals are connected to computers in the network
using parallel, serial or other direct connection methods
appropriate for the job order.
4.4 Peripherals are tested for correct operation based on
client’s specifications.
5. Configure 5.1 Required software is installed to manage local and
peripheral network-connected peripherals according to business
services requirement software peripherals according to business
requirement.
5.2 Meaningful names are used for peripherals and control
queues
5.3 Security and access are configured to allow appropriate
users to make use of peripherals.
5.4 Workstation for peripherals is configured to allow
applications to work with peripherals.
6. Administer and 6.1 Priority is assigned to control queues based on
support organizational requirement.
peripheral 6.2 Settings on the network is configured to create maintenance
services
schedules, usage logs, and cost center usage statistics

6.3 Methods are demonstrated to the user for using peripheral

services from their application or workstation
7. Maintain 7.1 A regular maintenance schedule is established and followed
peripherals and as recommended by peripheral manufacturer.
fix common 7.2 Consumables and components are replaced when required.
problems
7.3 Peripheral mishaps (unfortunate accident) and malfunctions
are fixed based on procedure.
7.4 Peripheral usage and traffic is monitored and recommend
additional peripherals if needed.
7.5 Failures of peripheral services or devices are determined
and rectify as required.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 107 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 8.1 Operating system is configured to suit the working
environment, including but not limited to setting variables.
8.2 Application software is installed, upgraded and uninstalled to
8. Use and suit the working environment.
maximize 8.3 Both graphical user interface and the command line interface
operating system are used to perform basic tasks based on clients.
8.4 Operating system and third-party utilities are used based
system requirement.
8.5 Graphical user interface is customized based on clients.
9. Support input and 9.1 Input and output devices are set up and checked functionality
output devices based on requirement.
9.2 Drivers are installed as appropriate and checked functionality
based vendor manuals.
9.3 Drivers are ensured to be properly working

Variable Range

Client May include but is not limited to internal departments, external

organizations, individual people and employees
Peripherals • May include but are not limited to:
• Printers, scanners, Toner cartridges
• Speakers, multimedia kits
• Personal computer, modems ,hub
• Input equipment may include mouse, touch pad, keyboard,
Organizational May include but are not limited to personal use of emails and
Standards internet access, content of emails, downloading information and
accessing particular websites, opening mail with attachments,
virus risk (MS windows OS and Mac OS only), dispute
resolution, document procedures and templates, communication
methods and financial control mechanisms

Appropriate person May include a supervisor, teacher, authorized business

representative or client
Equipment May include but is not limited to workstations, personal
computers, modems or other connectivity devices, printers, hard
drives, monitors, switches, hubs, and other peripheral devices
OH&S standards May include correct posture, lighting, type of
desk, type of monitor, style of chair, typing position, repetitive
strain injury prevention, ventilation, light position, correct lifting
method, and length of time in front of computer.
Environmental May include disposal of packaging (e.g. cardboard, polystyrene,
considerations paper, plastic) and redundant hardware (e.g. hard drives, circuit
boards).
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 108 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Occupational OHS precautions and measures may include against:
Health and Safety • Physical hazards – impact, illumination, pressure, noise,
(OHS) vibration, temperature, radiation
• Chemical hazards – dusts, fibers, mists, fumes, smoke, gasses,
vapors
• Ergonomics
• Psychological factors – over exertion/ excessive force,
awkward/static positions, fatigue, direct pressure, varying
metabolic cycles
• Physiological factors – monotony, personal relationship, work
out cycle
• Burglary
• Fire
• Power accidents
Operating system May include Win 7 and above, Mac OS X, Linux
User May include a person within a department, a department within
the organization or a third party
Network May include but is not limited to large and small LANs, WANs,
VPNs, the internet, private lines, data and voice.
Software May include but is not limited to commercial, in-house, packaged
or customized software
Applications May include database programs, word processors, email
programs, internet browsers, system browsers and spreadsheets

Consumables May include but is not limited to ink cartridges, toner cartridges,
ribbons, floppy disks, CD-R, CD-RW
Network operating May include but is not limited to any operating system that has
system multi-user ability, Linux, Mac OS, Windows 7 and above.

Tools and • Hardware peripherals and workstation

Equipment • Crimper
• Cables UTP
• RJ-45
• Network operating system
• Soft wares
• Toolkit
• Cable tester
• Printer

Evidence Guide

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 109 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm knowledge of
Competence • peripheral technologies and how network peripherals
(hardware and software) are installed and configured
• ability to maintain networked peripherals in working order
• ability to safely connect hardware peripherals according to
vendor instructions with a minimum of down time to the
system
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • current peripheral devices, such as scanners, multi-use devices,
Attitudes external modems
• how to configure peripherals for network use, with drivers and
cable connections
• organizational guidelines relating to external suppliers and
vendors
• general understanding of technical systems
• general knowledge of operating systems
• general knowledge of help desk and maintenance practices
• current industry-accepted hardware and software products
• broad knowledge of input/output devices
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills • connect hardware peripherals
• use operating system
• configure peripheral Services to manage peripherals
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level II
Standard:
Unit Title Maintain Equipment and Consumables
Unit Code EIS WDDBA2 04 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to set up maintenance
procedures to keep equipment and software operating effectively
and efficiently.

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 110 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 1. Identify and 1.1 Warranty status of components and/or software is determined
analyze IT and documented according to vendor, project or
system organizational requirements.
components to 1.2 System architecture and configuration documentation are
be maintained reviewed for currency status.
1.3 Critical components and/or software are identified and
recommendations are documented regarding possible service
arrangements.
2. Apply 2.1 Preventative maintenance schedule is created based on cost,
maintenance business and service-level agreements requirements
procedures
2.2 Specific and appropriate maintenance procedure is identified
and applied based on cost, business and
service-level agreements requirements
2.3 Recommended procedures are documented and submitted for
approval in accordance with organizational requirements and
service-level agreement
2.4 Implementing staff are oriented on the procedures and ensured
to follow the maintenance schedule
2.5 OHS is observed throughout the process
[Link] equipment 3.1 Cleaning supplies are accessed and verified for usability on
the selected equipment
3.2 Maintenance actions undertaken are recorded and documented
according to organizational procedures
3.3 Equipment are cleaned as per manufacturer specifications and
in line with organizational manuals
4. Replace and 4.1 Access consumables from storage points and record usage
maintain information in line with organizational procedures
consumables and 4.2 Replace consumables when needed and log the action
supplies undertaken
4.3 Dispose of consumables following environmental guidelines
4.4 Test equipment to ensure it is in working order at set time
periods and in line with organizational procedures
5. Maintain 5.1 Equipment are identified which requires maintenance
equipment 5.2 Equipment is maintained as required by organizational
guidelines and manufacturer specifications.
5.3 Maintenance procedures are documented as required by
organizational guidelines.
5.4 Care is exercised to prevent interruption of business activities
during maintenance procedures
5.5 Unused equipment devices are stored in line with

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 111 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 manufacturer specifications and organizational guidelines

Variable Range

Systems May include but not limited to:

Architecture • Operating system: Novell NetWare 5 or above or operating
system that has multi-user ability, Linux, Mac OS, Windows 7
or above
• Database software: Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL server, Ingres,
DB2, Informix, MSQL, MySQL, SQL server ….
Configuration: small memory model, large memory model,
requests per second
Tools and • Hardware and Software • Toolkit
Equipment • Blower • Static wrist strap
Cleaning agents(alcohol, • Multi meter contact cleaner)
Consumables May include disks, ribbons, printer toner, paper, cartridges,
cleaners and tape
Equipment May include but is not limited to workstations, personal
computers, modems and other connectivity devices, printers, hard
drives, monitors,ADSL modems, switches, hubs, and other
peripheral devices
Occupational OHS precautions and measures may include against:
Health and Safety • Physical hazards – impact, illumination, pressure, noise,
(OHS) vibration, temperature, radiation
• Chemical hazards – dusts, fibers, mists, fumes, smoke, gasses,
vapors
• Ergonomics
Psychological factors – over exertion/ excessive force,
awkward/static positions, fatigue, direct pressure, varying
metabolic cycles
Physiological factors – monotony, personal relationship,
work out cycle
• Burglary, Fire and Power accidents
• Environmental guidelines - recycling, safe disposal of
packaging (e.g. cardboard, polystyrene, paper, plastic) and
correct disposal of redundant hardware (e.g. motherboards,
hard drives, circuit boards) by an authorized body

Evidence Guide

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 112 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Critical Aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to maintain equipment in
Competence working order and to replace equipment and consumables.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • OHS principles and concept
Attitudes • Equipment and consumables uses and characteristics
• Maintenance procedures and techniques
• Chemical storage, control and disposal
• Basic understanding of organizational systems, in relation to
storage and retrieval of information and equipment
• Basic knowledge of current industry-accepted hardware and
software and manufacturer maintenance guides
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills • clean equipment
• maintain equipment
• interpreting manufacturer’s instructions
• writing maintenance reports
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level II
Standard:
Unit Title Configure and Access Internet Service
Unit Code EIS WDDBA2 05 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to access internet and
complete basic web search tasks. It includes finding required
information.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Manage 1.1 Internet browser is opened and a home page of personal
internet choice set up by setting internet options

1.2 Display/view modes is adjusted to suit personal

requirements
1.3 Toolbar is modified to meet user and browsing needs

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 113 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 1.4 Particular site is accessed and retrieved data

1.5 Images are loaded or not loaded depending on modem

speed, computer and browser capabilities
1.6 URL is opened to obtain data and browse link

1.7 Cookies and history of internet browser are deleted as

precaution from virus infection
2. Search 2.1 Search engines are opened and search requirements
internet defined using a range of search parameters

2.2 Search results are saved and presented as a report according

to the information required
2.3 Bookmarks are created for required web page and saved in
associated bookmark folder
2.4 Page set up options is modified and web page or the
required information printed
2.5 Browser is shut down and exited

2.6 OHS and netiquette principles are observed through the

process
3.1. Effective and appropriate forms of
3. Work as a team communications used and interactions undertaken with
member team members who contribute to known team activities
and objectives

3.2. Effective and appropriate contributions made to

complement team activities and objectives, based on
individual skills and competencies and workplace context

3.3. Observed protocols in reporting using standard

operating procedures
3.4. Contribution is made to the development of team
work plans based on understanding of team’s role and
objectives and individual competencies of the members.

Variable Range

Internet browser • Netscape Navigator

• Internet Explorer
• Firefox Mozilla
• Opera
• Google chrome

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 114 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Internet options • configuring of the following options: home page, location of
temporary files, privacy level, security level, type of
connection and history
Toolbar • buttons
• menus
• a combination of both
Search engine • Google
• Metacrawler
• Alta Vista
• Excite
• Infoseek
• Findlink
• Lycos
• Northern
• Light
• AOL Netfind
• Hotbot
• LookSmart
• Yahoo
• Netscape
• Open Text
• WebCrawler
• Meta Search
• Go To Dot Com
• Beaucoup
• [Link]
• Go2Network
• Savvy Search
• Profusion
• Metagopher
Search parameters • key words
• Logical operators
OHS • As per company, statutory and vendor requirements.
Ergonomic and environmental factors must be considered
during the demonstration of this competency
• Occupational Health and Safety guidelines related to use of
screen based equipment, computing equipment and peripherals,
and ergonomic work stations; security procedures;
customization requirements
Netiquette • Is sometimes referred to as web etiquette and is an informal
code of manners governing online conduct which may include
but is not limited to the use of upper and lower case letters in
messages, not spamming other users, not posting commercial
messages to newsgroups, learning to lurk before posting,
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 115 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 respect for other's time, privacy and bandwidth

Workplace context• Work procedures and practices

• Conditions of work environments
• Legislation and industrial agreements
• Standard work practice including the storage, safe handling and
disposal of chemicals
Safety, environmental, housekeeping and quality guidelines

Evidence Guide

Critical aspects Assessment must ensure the ability to – •

of Competence browse the internet
• search for information
• download files

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 116 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • General OHS principles and responsibilities
Attitudes • Makeup and structure of web addresses
• Basic technical terminology in relation to reading help files and
prompts
• Logging procedures relating to accessing a PC
• Modem speed, traffic loads in relation to times of accessing the
internet
• Evaluating and assessing the authority, reliability and
authenticity of information
• Organizational guidelines on internet and webettique/netiquette
• Security, viruses, privacy legislation, copyright
• Different types of search engines
• Types of software
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills • Basic analysis in relation to a limited range of routine areas
• Low level decision making in relation to a limited range of
routine areas
• Problem solving skills in known areas during normal routine
• Reading and writing at a level where basic workplace documents
are understood
• Communication is clear and precise
• Interpretation of user manuals
• Cultural understanding
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level II
Standard:

Unit Title Operate Presentation Package

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 117 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Unit Code EIS WDDBA2 06 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to operate presentation applications and
perform basic operations, including creating, formatting and
adding effects to presentations.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Create 1.1 Open a presentation package application and create a simple

presentations design for a presentation according to organisational requirements
1.2 Open a blank presentation and add text and graphics
1.3 Apply existing styles within a presentation
1.4 Use presentation template and slides to create a presentation
1.5 Use various tools to improve the look of the presentation
1.6 Save presentation to directory
[Link] basic
settings 2.1 Adjust display to meet user requirements
2.2 Open and view different toolbars to view options
2.3 Ensure font settings are appropriate for the purpose of the
presentation
2.4 View multiple slides at once

3. Format 3.1 Use and incorporate organisational charts and bulleted lists,
presentations and modify as required
3.2 Add objects and manipulate to meet presentation purposes
3.3 Import objects and modify for presentation purposes
3.4 Modify slide layout, including text and colours, to meet
presentation requirements
3.5 Use formatting tools as required within the presentation
3.6 Duplicate slides within and across a presentation
3.7 Reorder the sequence of slides and delete slides for
presentation purposes
3.8 Save presentation in another format
3.9 Save and close presentation to storage device
4. Add slide show 4.1 Incorporate present animation and multimedia effects into
effects presentation as required to enhance the presentation
4.2 Add slide transition effects to presentation to ensure smooth
progression through the presentation

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 118 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 4.3 Test presentation for overall effect
4.4 Use onscreen navigation tools to start and stop slide show or
move between different slides as required
5. Print 5.1 Select appropriate print format for presentation
presentation and 5.2 Select preferred slide orientation
notes
5.3 Add notes and slide numbers
5.4 Preview slides and run spell check before presentation
5.5 Print the selected slides and submit presentation to
appropriate person for feedback

Variable Range

Tools may include:  available templates

 help
 search and replace
 simple formatting tools
 spell check.
User requirements appearance and type of:
may refer to:  application
 computer
 desktop
 document.
Toolbars can  buttons
contain:  menus
 a combination of both.
Font settings may  colour
include:  size
 type.
Objects may  animations
include:  other documents
 pictures
 sound
 tables.
Formatting tools menu commands within the application:
may include:  copy
 cut
 help
 paste
 search and replace

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 119 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  spell check
 undo

Format may saving the presentation as another type of document:

include:  comma separated values or text
 HTML

Storage device disks:

may include:  CD
 DVD
 external hard drive, such as universal serial bus (USB)
flash drive
 internal hard drive

Print format may  colour or black and white

include:  layout
 thumbnails
 number of copies
 quality.
Appropriate  authorised business representative
person may  client
include:  Supervisor.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment must ensure candidate has the ability –
Competence  create, format and prepare presentations for distribution
and display
 customise basic settings
 Add slide show effects.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  effect of design features on readability and
Attitudes appearance of electronic presentations
 presentation pitfalls
 Use of suitable presentation effects for different
audiences.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 120 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  Create presentations
 Customize basic settings
 Format presentations
 Add slide show effects
Resources  use of PC and printer
Implication  use of presentation software currently used in
industry
 documents detailing organisational style guide and
policy
 Appropriate learning and assessment support when
required.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  verbal or written questioning to assess candidate’s
knowledge of presentation software functions
 direct observation of candidate creating and
formatting presentations
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 121 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level II
Standard:
Unit Title Record Client Support Requirements
Unit Code EIS WDDBA2 07 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to record, prioritize
and escalate client support requests.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Log requests for 1.1 Client support requests and requirements are recorded
support according to organizational standards
1.2 Client support history and details are reviewed
1.3 The information is checked and requested for accuracy
and urgency according to organizational standards

2. Prioritize support 2.1 Relevant guidelines are identified for prioritizing or rating
requests with client requests
appropriate 2.2 Client requests are prioritized based on its criticality or
personnel impact on the business
2.3 Requests are referred to an appropriate person or
department for assistance
2.4 Appropriate persons involved with client support are to be
communicated
[Link] in 3.1 Team meetings are attended on time as scheduled.
workplace 3.2 Own opinions are clearly expressed and those of others
meetings and are listened to without interruption.
3.3 Meeting inputs are consistent with the meeting purpose
discussions
and established protocols.
3.4 Workplace interactions are conducted in a courteous
manner.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 122 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range

Client May include but not limited to:

• internal departments, external organizations, individual
people and employees
Organizational May include but not limited to:
standards • Variables may include but are not limited to:
• Security procedures
• Logged call procedures
• Client liaison policy
• Escalation procedures
• Preventative maintenance and diagnostic policy
• Roles and technical responsibilities in
the IT department
• Vendor and product service-level support agreements
Appropriate person May include but not limited to:
• a supervisor, teacher, vendor business representative, help
desk person or subject matter expert
Workplace Face to face
interactions Telephone
Electronic and two way radio
Written including electronic, memos, instruction and forms,
non-verbal including gestures, signals, signs and diagrams

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to:
Competence • accurately log calls and record,
• prioritize and escalate client support requests according to
organizational policy and procedures
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • organizational procedures for rating and prioritizing client
Attitudes requests
• broad knowledge of escalation procedures
• roles and responsibilities of it division
• broad knowledge of maintenance procedures
• business scheduling requirements
• current business practices in relation to preparing reports and
documents
• broad knowledge of diagnostic tools
basic analytical concepts for questioning and gathering
information

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 123 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Underpinning SkillsDemonstrates skills to:
• log requests for support
• perform questioning and active listening in clarifying client
requirements and gathering important information
• customer service skills in relation to receiving requests for
support
• skills in handling difficult clients in relation to receiving
requests for support
• conflict resolution skills in relation to receiving requests for
support
writing reports and workplace documentation
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
• Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 124 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level II
Standard:
Unit Title Update and Document Operational Procedures
Unit Code EIS WDDBA2 08 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to assess, update and
document the operational procedures required to use the system.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Assess 1.1 Current version of technical and user documentation is

technical and reviewed based on the latest operational procedures.
user 1.2 Accuracy of technical and user documentation is compared
documentation with current system functionality.
1.3 Inaccuracies are identified and documented for future
reference.
2. Update
procedures 2.1 Operational procedure requirements are determined using
review outcomes.
2.2 Operating procedures are developed / updated for the system.
2.3 Proposed operating procedures are submitted to appropriate
person.
3. Update 3.1 Feedback is reviewed and appropriate changes are made as
documentation needed.
3.2 Technical and user documentation are updated to incorporate
changes.
3.3 Technical and user documentation are submitted to
appropriate person for final approval.
3.4 Technical and user documentation are distributed as agreed
with appropriate person.
\

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 125 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Variable Range

Occupational OHS precautions and measures may include against:

Health & Safety • Physical hazards – impact, illumination, pressure, noise,
(OH&S) vibration, temperature, radiation
• Chemical hazards – dusts, fibers, mists, fumes, smoke, gasses,
vapors
• Ergonomics
 Psychological factors – over exertion/ excessive force,
awkward/static positions, fatigue, direct pressure, varying
metabolic cycles
 Physiological factors – monotony, personal relationship,
work out cycle
 Burglary
 Fire
 Power accidents
Tools and • Documentation and manuals
Equipment • Soft wares
Types and • Internet
Sources of • System or project related documentation
Information • Staffing resources
• Technical and user documentation
• Operational procedure
Technical and user May include system or project specifications, system design,
documentation system functionality, reports, help references, technical manuals,
operational procedures, training materials and self-paced tutorials,
on-line help, user guides and brochures.
System May include but is not limited to networks, software, databases,
applications, servers, operating systems, gateways.
Appropriate person May include a supervisor, teacher, authorized business
representative or client

Evidence Guide

Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to manage the production of
Competence clear, easy-to-read procedures conforming to required standards
for the utilization of the specified system.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • documentation standards and tools
Attitudes • client business domain
• role of stakeholders and the degree of stakeholder involvement
• current industry-accepted hardware and software products
• current business practices in relation to preparing reports

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 126 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills • review and update technical and user documentation
• update procedures
• update documentation
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 127 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development and Database Administration Level II
Unit Title Prevent and Eliminate MUDA
Unit Code EIS WDDBA2 09 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required by a
worker to prevent and eliminate MUDA/wastes in his/her
workplace by applying scientific problem-solving techniques and
tools to enhance quality, productivity and other kaizen elements
on continual basis It covers responsibility for the day-to-day
operation of the work and ensures Kaizen Elements are
continuously improved and institutionalized.

Element Performance Criteria

1. Prepare for 1.1. Work instructions are used to determine job requirements,
work. including method, material and equipment.
1.2. Job specifications are read and interpreted following
working manual.
1.3. OHS requirements, including dust and fume collection,
breathing apparatus and eye and ear personal protection
needs are observed throughout the work.
1.4. Appropriate material is selected for work.
1.5. Safety equipment and tools are identified and checked for
safe and effective operation.
2. Identify 2.1 Plan of MUDA and problem identification is prepared and
MUDA and implemented.
problem 2.2 Causes and effects of MUDA are discussed.
2.3 All possible problems related to the process /Kaizen
elements are listed using statistical tools and techniques.
2.4 All possible problems related to kaizen elements are
identified and listed on Visual Management Board/Kaizen
Board.
2.5 Tools and techniques are used to draw and analyze current
situation of the work place.
2.6 Wastes/MUDA are identified and measured based on
relevant procedures.
2.7 Identified and measured wastes are reported to relevant
personnel.
3. Analyze 3.1 All possible causes of a problem are listed.
causes of a 3.2 Cause relationships are analyzed using4M1E.
problem. 3.3 Causes of the problems are identified.
3.4 The root cause which is most directly related to the problem
is selected.
3.5 All possible ways are listed using creative idea generation
to eliminate the most critical root cause.
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 128 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 3.6 The suggested solutions are carefully tested and evaluated
for potential complications.
3.7 Detailed summaries of the action plan are prepared to
implement the suggested solution.
4. Eliminate 4.1. Plan of MUDA elimination is prepared and implemented by
MUDA and medium KPT members.
Assess 4.2. Necessary attitude and the ten basic principles for
effectiveness improvement are adopted to eliminate waste/MUDA.
of the 4.3. Tools and techniques are used to eliminate wastes/MUDA
solution. based on the procedures and OHS.
4.4. Wastes/MUDA are reduced and eliminated in accordance
with OHS and organizational requirements.
4.5. Tangible and intangible results are identified.
4.6. Tangible results are compared with targets using various
types of diagrams.
4.7. Improvements gained by elimination of waste/MUDA are
reported to relevant bodies.
5. Prevent 5.1. Plan of MUDA prevention is prepared and implemented.
occurrence of 5.2. Standards required for machines, operations, defining
wastes and normal and abnormal conditions, clerical procedures and
sustain procurement are discussed and prepared.
operation. 5.3. Occurrences of wastes/MUDA are prevented by using
visual and auditory control methods.
5.4. Waste-free workplace is created using 5W and 1Hsheet.
5.5. The completion of required operation is done in accordance
with standard procedures and practices.
5.6. The updating of standard procedures and practices is
facilitated.
5.7. The capability of the work team that aligns with the
requirements of the procedure is ensured and trained on the
new Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).

Variable Range
OHS May include, but not limited to:
requirements  Are to be in accordance with legislation/ regulations/codes of
practice and enterprise safety policies and procedures. This
may include protective clothing and equipment, use of tooling
and equipment, workplace environment and safety, handling
of material, use of fire fighting equipment, enterprise first aid,
hazard control and hazardous materials and substances.
 PPE are to include that prescribed under
legislation/regulations/codes of practice and workplace
policies and practices.
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 129 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Safe operating procedures are to include, but are not limited to
the conduct of operational risk assessment and treatments
associated with workplace organization.
 Emergency procedures related to this unit are to include but
may not be limited to emergency shutdown and stopping of
equipment, extinguishing fires, enterprise first aid
requirements and site evacuation.
Safety equipment May include, but not limited to:
and tools  Dust masks/goggles
 Glove
 Working cloth
 First aid and
 Safety shoes
Statistical tools May include, but not limited to:
and techniques  7 QC tools May include, but not limited to:
 Stratification
 Pareto Diagram
 Cause and Effect Diagram
 Check Sheet
 Control Chart/Graph
 Histogram and Scatter Diagram
 QC techniques May include, but not limited to:
 Brain storming
 Why analysis
 What if analysis
 5W1H
Tools and May include, but not limited to:
techniques  Plant Layout
 Process flow
 Other Analysis tools
 Do time study by work element
 Measure Travel distance
 Take a photo of workplace
 Measure Total steps
 Make list of items/products, who produces them and who uses
them & those in warehouses, storages etc.
 Focal points to Check and find out existing problems
 5S
 Layout improvement
 Brainstorming
 Andon
 U-line
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 130 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  In-lining
 Unification
 Multi-process handling &Multi-skilled operators
 A.B. control (Two point control)
 Cell production line
 TPM (Total Productive Maintenance)
Relevant May include, but not limited to:
procedures  Make waste visible
 Be conscious of the waste
 Be accountable for the waste and measure the waste.
4M1E May include, but not limited to:
 Man
 Machine
 Method
Material and Environment
Creative idea May include, but not limited to:
generation  Brainstorming
 Exploring and examining ideas in varied ways
 Elaborating and extrapolating
 Conceptualizing
Medium KPT May include, but not limited to:
 5S
 4M (Machine, Method, Material and Man)
 4p (Policy, Procedures, People and Plant)
 PDCA cycle
Basics of IE tools and techniques
The ten basic May include, but not limited to:
principles for  Throw out all of your fixed ideas about how to do things.
improvement  Think of how the new method will work- not how it won.
 Don’t accept excuses. Totally deny the status quo.
 Don’t seek perfection. A 5o percent implementation rate is
fine as long as it’s done on the spot.
 Correct mistakes the moment they are found.
 Don’t spend a lot of money on improvements.
 Problems give you a chance to use your brain.
 Ask “why?” At least five times until you find the ultimate
cause.
 Ten people’s ideas are better than one person’s.
 Improvement knows no limits.
Tangible and May include, but not limited to:
intangible results  Tangible result may include quantifiable data
 Intangible result may include qualitative data
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 131 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 various types of May include, but not limited to:
diagrams.  Line graph
 Bar graph
 Pie-chart
 Scatter diagrams
 Affinity diagrams
Visual and May include, but not limited to:
auditory control  Red Tagging
methods  Sign boards
 Outlining
 Add ones
 Kanban, etc.
5W and 1H May include, but not limited to:
 Who
 What
 Where
 When
 Why and
 How
Standard May include, but not limited to:
Operating  The customer demands
Procedures  The most efficient work routine (steps)
(SOPs).
 The cycle times required to complete work elements
 All process quality checks required to minimize defects/errors
 The exact amount of work in process required

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
of Competence  Discuss why wastes occur in the workplace
 Discuss causes and effects of wastes/MUDA in the
workplace
 Analyze the current situation of the workplace by using
appropriate tools and techniques
 Identify, measure, eliminate and prevent occurrence of
wastes by using appropriate tools and techniques
 Use 5W and 1H sheet to prevent
 Detect non-conforming products/services in the work area
 Apply effective problem-solving approaches/strategies.
 Implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
 Apply statistical quality control tools and techniques.
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Targets of customers and manufacturer/service provider
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 132 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Attitude  Traditional and kaizen thinking of price setting
 Kaizen thinking in relation to targets of manufacturer/service
provider and customer
 value
 The three categories of operations
 the 3“MU”
 wastes occur in the workplace
 The 7 types of MUDA
 QC story/PDCA cycle/
 QC story/ Problem solving steps
 QCC techniques
 7 QC tools
 The Benefits of identifying and eliminating waste
 Causes and effects of 7 MUDA
 Procedures to identify MUDA
 Necessary attitude and the ten basic principles for
improvement
 Procedures to eliminate MUDA
 Prevention of wastes
 Methods of waste prevention
 Definition and purpose of standardization
 Standards required for machines, operations, defining normal
and abnormal conditions, clerical procedures and
procurement
 Methods of visual and auditory control
 TPM concept and its pillars.
 Relevant OHS and environment requirements
 Method and Lines of communication
 Methods of making/recommending improvements.
 Reporting procedures
 Workplace procedures associated with the candidate's
regular technical duties
 organizational structure of the enterprise
Underpinning Demonstrate skills to:
Skills  Draw & analyze current situation of the work place
 Use measurement apparatus (stop watch, tape, etc.)
 Calculate volume and area
 Apply statistical analysis tools
 Use and follow checklists to identify, measure and eliminate
wastes/MUDA
 Identify and measure wastes/MUDA in accordance with
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 133 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 OHS and procedures
 Use tools and techniques to eliminate wastes/MUDA in
accordance with OHS procedure.
 Apply 5W and 1H sheet
 Update and use standard procedures for completion of
required operation
 Apply Visual Management Board/Kaizen Board.
 Detect non-conforming products or services in the work area
 Work with others
 Read and interpret documents
 Observe situations
 Solve problems
 Communicate information
 Gather evidence by using different means
 Report activities and results using report formats
 Implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview/Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
of Competence  Discuss why wastes occur in the workplace
 Discuss causes and effects of wastes/MUDA in the workplace
 Analyze the current situation of the workplace by using
appropriate tools and techniques
 Identify, measure, eliminate and prevent occurrence of wastes
by using appropriate tools and techniques
 Use 5W and 1H sheet to prevent
 Detect non-conforming products/services in the work area
 Apply effective problem-solving approaches/strategies.
 Implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
 Apply statistical quality control tools and techniques.
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Targets of customers and manufacturer/service provider
Attitude  Traditional and kaizen thinking of price setting
 Kaizen thinking in relation to targets of manufacturer/service

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 134 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 provider and customer
 value
 The three categories of operations
 the 3“MU”
 wastes occur in the workplace
 The 7 types of MUDA
 QC story/PDCA cycle/
 QC story/ Problem solving steps
 QCC techniques
 7 QC tools
 The Benefits of identifying and eliminating waste
 Causes and effects of 7 MUDA
 Procedures to identify MUDA
 Necessary attitude and the ten basic principles for
improvement
 Procedures to eliminate MUDA
 Prevention of wastes
 Methods of waste prevention
 Definition and purpose of standardization
 Standards required for machines, operations, defining normal
and abnormal conditions, clerical procedures and procurement
 Methods of visual and auditory control
 TPM concept and its pillars.
 Relevant OHS and environment requirements
 Method and Lines of communication
 Methods of making/recommending improvements.
 Reporting procedures
 Workplace procedures associated with the candidate's regular
technical duties
 organizational structure of the enterprise
Underpinning Demonstrate skills to:
Skills  Draw & analyze current situation of the work place
 Use measurement apparatus (stop watch, tape, etc.)
 Calculate volume and area
 Apply statistical analysis tools
 Use and follow checklists to identify, measure and eliminate
wastes/MUDA
 Identify and measure wastes/MUDA in accordance with OHS
and procedures
 Use tools and techniques to eliminate wastes/MUDA in
accordance with OHS procedure.
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 135 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Apply 5W and 1H sheet
 Update and use standard procedures for completion of required
operation
 Apply Visual Management Board/Kaizen Board.
 Detect non-conforming products or services in the work area
 Work with others
 Read and interpret documents
 Observe situations
 Solve problems
 Communicate information
 Gather evidence by using different means
 Report activities and results using report formats
 Implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview/Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 136 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 NQTF Level I

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 137 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level I
Standard:
Unit Title Operate Personal Computer
Unit Code EIS WDDBA1 01 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to operate a personal
computer, including starting the PC, logging in, using and
understanding desktop icons and their links to underlying
programs, navigating a directory structure, saving work,
printing, closing down the PC and word processing.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Start the 1.1 Peripheral device connections for correct position are
computer checked
1.2 Input voltage for the device based on the OHS standards
are checked
1.3 Power at both the power point and computer are switched
on
2. Access basic 2.1 User name and password are inserted as prompted and noted
system access, privacy, security and related conditions of use
information displayed on introductory screens
2.2 Operating system are navigated to access system
information to identify system configuration and
application versions in operation
2.3 On-line help functions are used as required
3. Navigate and 3.1 Desktop icons are created and customized
Manipulate 3.2 Desktop icons are selected, opened and closed to access
desktop application programs
environment
3.3 Application windows are manipulated and desktop returned
to original conditions
4. Organize basic 4.1 Directories and subdirectories are created and named
directory/ folder 4.2 Attributes of directories are identified
structure and
files 4.3 Subdirectories between directories are moved
4.4 Directories as required are renamed
4.5 Directories and subdirectories are accessed via different
paths

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 138 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 5.1 System browser are used to search drives for specific
files
5.2 Most commonly used types of files in the directories are
5. Organize files accessed
for user and/or 5.3 Groups of files are selected, opened and renamed as required
organization
5.4 Files between directories are moved
requirements
5.5 Files to disks are copied
5.6 Deleted files are restored as necessary
5.7 Disks are erased and formatted as necessary
6. Printer installing 6.1 Printers are added if required and ensured to have correct
printer settings
6.2 Default printer are changed if appropriate
6.3 Information is printed from an installed printer

Variable Range

Peripheral device May include but not limited to:

• mouse, keyboard, visual display unit, monitor and printer
Scanner, Audio devices
OHS standards May include but not limited to:
• correct posture, lighting, type of desk, type of monitor, style
of chair, typing position, repetitive strain injury prevention,
ventilation, light position, correct lifting method, and length
of time in front of computer
• may also include physical safety considerations such as
general electrical safety and cabling, power supply and leads
as they apply to computer and peripheral installations
Computer May include but not limited to:
• laptops and workstations
Operating System May include but not limited to:
• Linux 7.0 or above, Windows 7 or above, Apple OS X or
above
May include but not limited to:
System information • hardware and software components that run a computer
On-line help • Instruction manual or a portion of the manual, integrated into
functions the program.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 139 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Application May include but not limited to:
programs • database programs, word processors, email programs, internet
browsers, system browsers and spreadsheets
Attributes May include but not limited to:
• Indicates several properties of the directory, for example, they
indicate whether the directory is read-only, whether it needs
to be backed up, and whether it is visible or hidden
System browser May include but is not limited to Windows explorer
Disks May include but not limited to:
• CDs, CD-RW (compact disks-read write), DVD RW

Printer settings May include but not limited to:

• layout, paper size, paper tray, cartridge type, number of copies,
orientation

Evidence Guide

Critical aspects of • Must confirm the ability to use software, navigate around the
Competence desktop, use system features to perform tasks, and save
results of work
• Must ensure the ability to create open and retrieve
documents, customize basic settings, format documents,
create tables, add objects and images, and save and print
documents
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • Organizational benchmarks for minimum typing skills,
Attitudes including speed and accuracy
• Creating and opening documents
• Formatting documents
• Inserting tables and images
• Saving, printing and closing documents
• Basic keyboarding skills
• Computer functions
• Basic parts of a computer and various hardware components
• Storage devices and basic categories
• Basic software operation

Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:

Skills • Access basic system information
• Operate application software

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 140 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 141 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level I
Standard:
Unit Title Connect Hardware Peripherals
Unit Code EIS WDDBA1 02 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to connect
hardware peripherals according to instructions and a
workstation or networked computer to the internet.

Elements Performance Criteria

[Link] 1.1 Client peripherals are identified requirements and

requirements of confirmed in accordance with organizational standards
client
1.2 Client requirements and peripherals needed are
documented in line with organizational standards and
findings are reported to the appropriate person
1.3 Client requirements are verified with appropriate person
in line with organizational standards and reporting
procedures
1.4 Action must be taken to ensure client support expectations
are covered by vendor warranty and support services
2. Obtain required 2.1 Peripherals are obtained under instruction from
peripherals appropriate person
2.2 Peripherals are entered into equipment inventory
according to organizational standards
2.3 Validate that contents of delivered components and
physical contents match the packing list and resolve
discrepancies, if necessary
2.4 Peripherals are stored according to vendor/manual
guidelines

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 142 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
3. Connect hardware 3.1 Timeframe for installation schedule is verified with the
peripherals client in accordance with the organization requirements
3.2 Old peripherals are removed and/or replaced with
minimum disruption to clients taking into account
environmental considerations and OHS standards
3.3 New peripherals are connected with minimum disruption
to clients and taking into account the operating system
procedures
3.4 The computer is configured to accept the new peripherals
3.5 Hardware peripherals are tested and confirm client
satisfaction, particular attention must be paid to possible
impact on other systems and adjustments are made as
required
[Link] workstation 4.1 Workstations are connected to the internet through the
to the existing internet connection and functionality confirmed
internet 4.2 Internet browser software is launched to enable access to
the internet and functionality confirmed

Variable Range

Occupational Health May include but not limited to: Occupational health and
& Safety (OH&S) Safety aspects of relevant organizational activities must be
considered May include correct posture, lighting, type of desk,
type of monitor, style of chair, typing position, repetitive
strain injury prevention, ventilation, light position, correct
lifting method, and length of time in front of computer. May
also include licensing related and physical safety
considerations such as general electrical safety and cabling,
power supply and leads as they apply to computer and
peripheral installations
Peripherals May include but not limited to:
• printers, scanners, Toner cartridges
• speakers, multimedia kits
• personal computer, modems, hub
• input equipment may include mouse, touch pad, keyboard,
• mobile phones, palmtops and personal digital assistants
(PDAs), laptops, and desktop computers
• Bluetooth devices, universal serial bus (USB)

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 143 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Organizational • personal use of emails and internet access, content of
standards emails, downloading information and accessing particular
websites, virus risk (MS windows OS and Mac OS only),
dispute resolution, document procedures and templates,
communication methods and financial control mechanisms
Appropriate person supervisor, teacher, authorized business representative or
client
Operating system May include but not limited to:
• Window7, 8.1,10 and 11, Mac OS X, Linux
Client May include but not limited to:
• internal departments, external organizations, individual
people and employees

Equipment May include but not limited to:

• workstations, personal computers, modems or other
connectivity devices, printers, hard drives, monitors,
switches, hubs, personal digital assistant (PDA) and other
peripheral devices
OHS standards May include but not limited to:
• correct posture, lighting, type of desk, type of
Internet connection May include but not limited to:
• cable, broadband or Wi-Fi and hotspot
Business requirements May include but not limited to:
• speed of access, money available, technical support required
and other specific internet needs
Features May include but not limited to:
• May be in relation to cost, connectivity, services, connection
type and support
Workstation May include but not limited to:
• personal computers, networked computers, laptops
Software May include but not limited to:
• commercial, in-house, packaged or customized software
Connection device May include but not limited to:
• ADSL modem, cable
Vendor instructions user manual, written instructions from meetings, verbal
request or help desk
Operating system May include but not limited to:
• Linux 7.0 or above, Windows 7 or above, Apple OS X or
above

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 144 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Internet browser May include but not limited to:
software • Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Opera.
Internet An interconnected system of networks that connects
computers around the world via TCP/IP or FTP protocols
Tools and equipment May include but not limited to:
• Organization’s hardware blueprint
• Vendor support staff (on call if assessment is a live activity)
• Additional staff if required to support the assessment
• Hardware peripherals and workstation
• Personal computer
• Internet connection
• Modem or other connectivity device
• Network tool kits

Evidence Guide

Critical aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:

Competence • safely connect hardware peripherals according to vendor
instructions with a minimum of down time to the system
(competence is required in the connection of five different
peripherals)
• ability to interpret vendor manuals in relation to the storage
and connection of hardware peripherals
• application of OHS regulations relating to working with
electrical equipment
• ability to connect a workstation or networked computers to the
internet
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • OHS procedures for electrical equipment
Attitudes • inventory procedures
• organizational guidelines relating to external suppliers and
vendors
• technical systems
• operating systems
• creating communication with ISP and telecom service
organizations
• help desk and maintenance practices
• current industry-accepted hardware and software products,
with broad knowledge of general features and capabilities
and detailed knowledge in some areas
• input/output devices the range of internet service providers
(ISPs) and the varying plans, technologies and services they
offer
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 145 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates skills to:
• Connect hardware peripherals
• Connect workstation to the internet
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated
situations, including work areas, materials and equipment, and
to information on workplace and OHS practices.
Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
simulated work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 146 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level I
Standard:
Unit Title Install Software Application
Unit Code EIS WDDBA1 03 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to install or upgrade
basic software applications using a commercial applications
program.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Determine
1.1 Client requirements are documented and reported to
software and appropriate person in accordance with the workplace
upgrade standard
requirements
1.2 Act on instructions to meet client requirements in line with
organizational requirements
2. Obtain software 2.1 Application program that best conforms to requirements
or software and organizational policies are investigated and selected
upgrade 2.2 Application program under instruction is obtained from
appropriate person
2.3 Licensing requirements and record are determined in line
with organizational guidelines
2.4 Target computer is ensured to conform with the minimum
hardware and operating system requirements of the
application program

3. Install or upgrade 3.1 New or upgraded software are installed in accordance with
software appropriate person or organizational instructions
3.2 Installation process is completed efficiently and effectively
with minimal disruption
3.3 Testing and acceptance are carried out in line with corporate
guidelines, paying particular attention to possible impact on
other systems
3.4 Ensure client requirements are satisfied in accordance with
the organizational standard
3.5 Outstanding client issues are referred to appropriate person
as necessary

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 147 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Variable Range
Client May include but not limited to:
• internal departments, external organizations, individual people
and internal employees
Application program May include but not limited to:
• database programs, word processors, email programs, internet
browsers ,Anti -virus, Adobe reader, spreadsheets, etc..
Licensing May include but not limited to:
requirements • type of license, cost of license, support provided, and number
of licenses required
Computer May include but not limited to:
• laptops, workstations
Hardware May include but not limited to:
• workstations, personal computers
Operating System May include but not limited to:
• Linux 7.0 or above, Windows 7 or above, Apple OS X or
above.
Software May include but not limited to:
• commercial software applications; organization-specific
software
Impact May be in relation to installation time, effect on normal
business, problems and data entry.
Organizational May include but not limited to:
requirements • guidelines, corporate purchasing, licensing arrangements and
budget
Occupational May include but not limited to:
Health and Safety • correct posture, lighting, and type of desk, type of monitor,
(OHS) style of chair, typing position, repetitive strain injury
prevention, ventilation, light position, correct lifting method,
and length of time in front of computer
• licensing-related and physical safety considerations such as
general electrical safety and cabling, power supply and leads
as they apply to computer and peripheral installations
Tools and equipment May include but not limited to:
• basic computer maintenance tool kit
• computer, antivirus software , recovery software, safety tools

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 148 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Evidence Guide

Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to install software

Competence applications through operating system instructions and to
configure computer to accept new software or upgrade.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • organizational guidelines for purchasing
Attitudes • licensing arrangements and responsibilities
• software copyright responsibilities
• operating systems supported by the organization
• hardware storage devices
• input/output devices
• client business domain
• technical writing and reporting
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills • determine software or software upgrade requirements
• provide general customer service
• perform decision making in a limited range of options
• problem solving of known problems in routine procedures
• plain English literacy and communication skills in relation to
the presentation of information
• report writing skills for business requiring some analysis and
evaluation of information in a defined range of areas
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 149 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level 1
Standard:
Unit Title Protect Application or System Software
Unit Code EIS WDDBA1 04 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to keep application
or system software working effectively. It includes detecting
and removing destructive software

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Ensure user
1.1 Modify default user settings to ensure that they conform to
accounts are security policy
controlled
1.2 Previously created user settings are modified to ensure they
conform to updated security policy
1.3 Ensure legal notices displayed at logon are appropriate
1.4 Appropriate utilities are used to check strength of passwords
and consider tightening rules for password complexity
1.5 information services are accessed to identify security gaps
and take appropriate action using hardware and software or
patches
2. Detect and 2.1 Common types of destructive software are defined and
remove identified
destructive 2.2 Virus protection and Scheduling compatible with the
software operating system in use are selected and installed
2.3 Advanced systems of protection are described in order to
understand further options
2.4 Software updates on a regular basis are installed
2.5 Software security settings are configured to prevent
destructive software from infecting computer
2.6 Virus protection software are run and/or scheduled on a
regular basis
2.7 Detected destructive software are reported to appropriate
person and remove the destructive software

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 150 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
3. Identify and 3.1 Common types of spam are defined and identified
take action to 3.2 Appropriate action is taken in order to protect unauthorized
stop spam access of spammers
3.3 Spam filters are configured and used
3.4 Spams are reported and documented to identify the security
threats and be able to perform recommended action
[Link] 4.1 Written notices and instructions are read and
workplace
interpreted correctly in accordance with organizational
duties following
written notices guidelines
4.2 Routine written instruction are followed in sequence
4.3 Feedback is given to workplace supervisor based on the
instructions/information received

Variable Range

Destructive May include but not limited to:

Software • Viruses, File viruses, System sector viruses, Macro viruses,
Worms, Trojans, Logic bombs and Spy ware
Virus protection May include but not limited to:
• There are various antivirus software applications available.
Some include: F-Secure, McAfee, Panda Antivirus,
Protector Plus Antivirus, Symantec's Norton Antivirus,
Command Antivirus, Vet. AMI virus, Avast Antivirus
Operating system May include but not limited to:
• Linux 6.0, 7.0 or above, Windows 7 and above, Apple OS 8 or
above
Software Updates May include but not limited to:
• Service packs and service releases, Security patches,
Automatic online updates, and Virus scanning engine
Updates and Virus definition updates
Spam May include but not limited to:
• unsolicited commercial electronic messaging, where electronic
messaging covers emails
Appropriate action May include but not limited to:
• Delete the virus
• Scheduling the Antivirus
• Delete the spam
• Block the sender by configuring spam filter.
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 151 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Maintenance May include but not limited to:
• on-site response, remote diagnostics or return to depot
Tools and May include but not limited to:
equipment • appropriate software, anti-virus and diagnostic tools
• computer hardware
• records and reports
Organizational May include:
Guidelines  Information documentation procedures Company
policies and procedures
 Organization manuals
 Service Manual

Evidence Guide

Critical aspects of Assessment must ensure the ability to establish :

Competence • safe work practices,
• siting requirements for system hardware and associated
peripheral devices,
• maintenance practices and determine appropriate hardware
quality standards
• Assessment must confirm the ability to identify, isolate and
protect a system from destructive software by installing virus
protection and software updates and to identify
Underpinning
Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and
• General OH&S principles and responsibilities
Attitudes
• OH&S principles specific to equipment powered by mains
electricity
• Viruses, worms and other security issues
• System hardware and associated peripherals functions
• Potential environmental effects of common types of hardware
• Importance of maintenance
• Handling of high-impedance devices
• Communication skills
• Span of quality levels in common hardware
• Software related to hardware operations
• Basic knowledge of identification of virus intrusions and
appropriate remedial action
• Broad general knowledge of operating systems supported by
the organization
• Broad general knowledge of computer hardware
• Basic knowledge types protective applications used against
viruses

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 152 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills • Establish location requirements for hardware and peripherals
• Establish maintenance practices

Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,

Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OH&S practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 153 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level 1
Standard
Maintain Inventories of Hardware and Software
Unit Title
Documentation
Unit Code EIS WDDBA1 05 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to record and store
details of software, hardware and technical documentation.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Document and 1.1 Hardware inventory is maintained that creates a profile or

update description of each piece of Hardware
inventory 1.2 Software inventory and licenses are maintained and
updated, as required, particularly when upgrading software
1.3 Storage of user documentation or technical manuals are
recorded and organized
2. Store technical 2.1 Action is taken to ensure software, hardware and equipment
documentation not in use, stored in a manner as recommended by technical
manuals
2.2 Ensure technical documentation is stored securely
2.3 Technical documentation are accessed and disseminated as
required by clients
[Link] quality 3.1 Received materials, articles or final product are checked
of receive articles against workplace standards.
3.2 Materials, articles or products are measured using the
appropriate measuring instruments in accordance with
workplace procedures
3.3 Causes of any identified faults are identified and corrective
actions are taken in accordance with workplace procedures

Variable Range

Occupational May include but not limited to:

Health & Safety Correct posture, lighting, and type of desk, type of monitor, style
(OH&S) of chair, typing position, repetitive strain injury prevention,
ventilation, light position, correct lifting method, and length of
time in front of computer. May also include licensing-related and
physical safety considerations such as general electrical safety
and cabling, power supply and leads as they apply to computer
and peripheral installations.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 154 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Hardware inventory • list of personal computers specification, networked systems,
personal organizers, communications equipment
• peripherals may include printers, scanners, tape cartridges,
speakers, multimedia kits; keyboard equipment, including
mouse, touch pad, keyboard
Equipment May include but not limited to:
• workstations, personal computers, modems or other
connectivity devices, printers, hard drives, monitors, switches,
hubs, personal digital assistants and other
peripheral devices

Software inventory list of commercial software applications; organization-specific

webpage or customized software; word processing, spreadsheet,
database, graphic, mail, internet browsers; and presentation
functionalities
Quality check Visual inspection
Physical output/outcome
Check against design/specifications

Evidence Guide

Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to:

Competence • accurately and regularly update and maintain the software,
equipment and technical documentation inventory according
• identify storage and retrieval policy and procedures
• software licensing requirements are adhered to according to
vendor specifications
• inventories are regularly accessed and kept up-to-date
• demonstrate workplace documentation and maintenance of
technical manual
Underpinning Demonstrates:
Knowledge and • Basic understanding of software licensing requirements
Attitudes • Broad knowledge of inventory principles and procedures
• Storage of equipment and software
• Inventory principles and concept; techniques and procedures

Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:

Skills • perform inventory activities
• document and update inventory
• store technical documentation
• writing reports and documentation
• literacy skills in regard to workplace documentation and
technical manuals

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 155 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 156 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level I
Standard
Unit Title Operate Word- Processing Application
Unit Code EIS WDDBA1 06 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to operate word-processing applications and
perform basic operations, including creating and formatting
documents, creating tables and printing labels.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Apply OHS 1.1 Use workplace ergonomic work practices and strategies
practices 1.2 Organise work area ensuring an ergonomic work
environment

[Link] 2.1 Open word-processing application, create document and add

documents data according to information requirements
2.2 Use document templates as required
2.3 Use simple formatting tools when creating the document
2.4 Save document to directory
3. Customize basic 3.1 Adjust page layout to meet information requirements
settings to meet 3.2 Open and view different toolbars
page layout
conventions 3.3 Change font format to suit the purpose of the document
3.4 Change alignment and line spacing according to document
information requirements
3.5 Modify margins to suit the purpose of the document
3.6 Open and switch between several documents
4. Format 4.1 Use formatting features and styles as required
documents 4.2 Highlight and copy text from another area in the document or
from another active document
4.3 Insert headers and footers to incorporate necessary data
4.4 Save document in another file format
4.5 Save and close document to a storage device
5. Create tables 5.1 Insert standard table into document
5.2 Change cells to meet information requirements
5.3 Insert and delete columns and rows as necessary

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 157 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 5.4 Use formatting tools according to style requirements

6. Add images 6.1 Insert appropriate images into document and customise as
necessary
6.2 Position and resize images to meet document formatting needs
6.3 Images and use mail merge are added

7. Print documents 7.1 Preview document in print preview mode

7.2 Select basic print settings
7.3 Print document or part of document from printer

Variable Range

Ergonomic work  pause exercises

practices may  personal strategies:
include:  chair height
 footrests
 monitor and keyboard alignment
 monitor reflection angle
 task and postural variety.
Ergonomic work  air quality
environment may  furniture and storage
relate to:  lighting
 noise
 temperature.
Information  agendas
requirements may  letters
include:  memos
 minutes
 other business documents required by the organization.
Formatting tools menu commands within the application:
may include:  borders
 copy, cut and paste
 help
 find and replace
 shading
 spell check
 undo.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 158 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Font format may combination of typeface and other attributes:
include:  pitch and spacing
 size.
Formatting  bold
features may  hyphenation
include:  italics
 underline.
File format may  CSV files
include:  doc files
 HTML pages
 PDF files
 text files.
Storage device  CD
may include:  DVD
 external hard drive, including universal serial bus (USB)
flash drive
 internal hard drive
Images may  clip art
include:  graphics
 pictures.
Print settings may  layout
include:  number of copies
 orientation
 paper size
 sides.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment must ensure candidate has the ability –
Competence  follow OHS requirements
 create, open and retrieve documents
 customise basic settings
 format documents
 create tables
 add text, objects and images
 use a keyboard to enter text and numerical data.
 save and print documents.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  formatting styles and their effect on formatting, readability
Attitudes and appearance of documents

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 159 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  organisational requirements for ergonomics, such as work
periods and breaks
 organisational style guide
 purpose, use and function of word-processing software.
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  create, open and retrieve documents
 customise basic settings
 format documents
 create tables
 add text, objects and images
 use a keyboard to enter text and numerical data.
 save and print documents.
Resources Assessment must ensure access to:
Implication  personal computer and printer
 word-processing software currently used in industry
 documents detailing organisational style guide or policy
and OHS requirements
 data suitable for use with word-processing packages
 appropriate learning and assessment support when
required.

Assessment Competency may be assessed through:

Methods  verbal or written questioning to assess candidate’s
knowledge of word-processing operations
 direct observation of candidate creating and formatting
documents
 review of documents prepared by candidate demonstrating
word-processing skills, including formatting, tables and
images.
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 160 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level I
Standard
Unit Title Operate Spreadsheet Application
Unit Code EIS WDDBA1 07 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to operate spreadsheet applications and
perform basic operations, including creating and formatting
spreadsheet data, incorporating charts and objects, and
customising and printing spreadsheets.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Create 1.1 Open spreadsheet application, create spreadsheet files and

spreadsheets enter numbers, text and symbols into cells according to
information requirements
1.2 Enter simple formulas and functions using cell referencing
where required
1.3 Correct formulas when error messages occur
1.4 Use a range of common tools during spreadsheet development
1.5 Edit columns and rows within the spreadsheet
1.6 Use the auto-fill function to increment data where required
1.7 Save spreadsheet to directory or folder

[Link] basic 2.1 Adjust page layout to meet user requirements or special needs
settings 2.2 Open and view different toolbars
2.3 Change font settings so that they are appropriate for the
purpose of the document
2.4 Change alignment options and line spacing according to
spreadsheet formatting features
2.5 Format cell to display different styles as required
2.6 Modify margin sizes to suit the purpose of the spreadsheets
2.7 View multiple spreadsheets concurrently
3. Format 3.1 Use formatting features as required
spreadsheet 3.2 Copy selected formatting features from another cell in the
spreadsheet or from another active spreadsheet

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 161 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 3.3 Use formatting tools as required within the spreadsheet
3.4 Align information in a selected cell as required
3.5 Insert headers and footers using formatting features
3.6 Save spreadsheet in another format
3.7 Save and close spreadsheet to storage device
4. Incorporate 4.1 Import an object into an active spreadsheet
object and chart in 4.2 Manipulate imported object by using formatting features
spreadsheet
4.3 Create a chart using selected data in the spreadsheet
4.4 Display selected data in a different chart
4.5 Modify chart using formatting features
5. Print 5.1 Preview spreadsheet in print preview mode
spreadsheet
5.2 Select basic printer options
5.3 Print spreadsheet or selected part of spreadsheet
5.4 Submit the spreadsheet to appropriate person for approval or
feedback

Variable Range

Simple formulas  Addition

and functions may  division
include:  multiplication
 subtraction
 application of the above to a series of cells.
Tools may include:  help
 search and replace
 simple formatting tools
 spell check
 undo.
Edit may relate to:  adding
 copying
 deleting
 moving
 pasting
 selecting.
Data may include:  symbols added to the document
 text added to the document.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 162 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Layout may  display modes
include:  orientation
 size.

Toolbars may  buttons

contain:  menus
 a combination of both.

Font settings may  colour

include:  size
 type.

Alignment may  centred

refer to:  justified
 left
 right.
Formatting  bold
features may  hyphenation
include:  italics
 underline.
Format may refer saving the spreadsheet as another type of document:
to:  comma separated values or text
 HTML
Formatting tools menu commands within the application:
may include:  copy
 cut
 help
 paste
 search and replace
 spell check
 undo.
Storage device  disks:
may include:  CD
 DVD
 external hard drive, such as universal serial bus (USB) flash
drive
 internal hard drive
Object may items that can be inserted into the spreadsheet, such as:
include:  other documents
 pictures
 sound.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 163 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Appropriate  authorised business representative
person may  client
include:  supervisor.

Tools and May include :

equipment • Excel or Spreadsheet

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment must ensure candidate has the ability –
Competence  create spreadsheets
 customise basic settings
 format spreadsheets
 create basic formulas
 work with objects and charts in spreadsheets
 save and print spreadsheets.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  basic technical terminology related to reading help files and
Attitudes prompts
 formatting styles and their effect on formatting, readability and
appearance of spreadsheets
 log-in procedures relating to accessing a PC
 purpose, use and function of spreadsheet application.
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  numeracy skills to enter simple formulas into spreadsheet
 problem-solving skills to address common operational
problems when using spreadsheet applications
 technical skill for create spreadsheets, customise basic settings
and use a keyboard to enter text and numerical data.
Resources Assessment must ensure access to:
Implication  use of PC and printer
 use of spreadsheet software currently used in industry
 documents detailing organisational style guide and policy
 documents or information containing data suitable for creating
spreadsheets
 appropriate learning and assessment support when required.

Assessment Competency may be assessed through:

Methods  verbal or written questioning to assess candidate’s knowledge
of spreadsheet operations
 direct observation of candidate creating and formatting
spreadsheets
 review of spreadsheets, including formatting, formulas, objects
and images.
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 164 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level I

Standard:
Unit Title Create a simple markup language document
Unit Code EIS WDDBA1 08 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to design, create and save a basic markup
language document using a text editor.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Review 1.1 Review the requirements of the document

requirements 1.2 Select the appropriate markup language based on
organizational standards
1.3 Review document structure
[Link] document 2.1 Create and assign the basic elements of the document
structure 2.2 Markup sections of the document to depict the structure
2.3 write simple markup language
[Link] 3.1 Validate markup language document against requirements
documents 3.2 Validate markup language document in different browsers
3.3 Validate simple markup language document

Variable Range

Markup language hypertext markup language (HTML)

may include:
Structure may  Headings
include elements  lists
describing:  Paragraphs.
Browsers may  Firefox
include:  Google chrome
 Internet Explorer
 Opera

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 165 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment must ensure candidate has the ability –
Competence  create and save a markup language document
 Use a markup language without the automated
generation of code.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  markup language and associated standards
Attitudes  features and limitations of range of available browsers
 web accessibility.

Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:

Skills  problem-solving skills to use markup language and
troubleshoot problems
 technical skills to use a markup language to create the
required web page.
Resources  organisational style guide or policy
Implication  document specification
 text editor
 range of browsers
 internet access to validate markup
 appropriate learning and assessment support when
required
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  evaluation of web pages prepared by candidate using a
text editor
 Evaluation of candidate’s validated markup code results in
commonly used browsers.
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 166 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Web Development and Database Administration Level I
Standard
Unit Title Access Database Application
Unit Code EIS WDDBA1 09 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to access Database
Application and perform basic operations.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Create database 1.1 Database application is opened and designed incorporating

objects basic design principles
1.2 Database object is created according to database usage, as
well as user requirements
1.3 Database object is modified as required
1.4 Creating Relationship with tables

[Link] record on 2.1 Data in a table are added and modified according to
table information requirements
2.2 Records are added, modified and deleted as required
2.3 Database objects are saved and compiled

[Link] basic 3.1 Page layout is adjusted to meet user requirements

settings 3.2 Different toolbars are opened and viewed
3.3 Font is formatted as appropriate for the purpose of the
database entries

Variable Range

Occupational • Correct posture, lighting, and type of desk, type of monitor, style
Health & Safety of chair, typing position, repetitive strain injury prevention,
(OH&S) ventilation, light position, correct lifting method, and length of
time in front of computer.
• May also include physical safety considerations such as general
electrical safety and cabling, power supply and leads as they
apply to computer and peripheral installations.
Design principles May include
• naming conventions
• data layout
• formatting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 167 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
Page layout May include
• landscape
• portrait
Toolbars May can contain
• buttons
• menus or a combination of both
Appropriate person May include
• a supervisor
• teacher
• authorized business representative or client
Tools and May include but not limited to:
equipment • Computers, DB applications, DBMS

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment must ensure candidate has the ability :-
Competence • to design and develop a simple database using a standard
database package
• to add data, use queries, and create forms and reports
• create and format documents
• customize basic settings to meet page layout conventions
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • basic database design
Attitudes • basic settings and context
• relationships between tables (cardinality)

Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:

Skills • create database objects
• customize basic settings

Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,

Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 168 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 TOP
Occupational Standard: Web Development and Database Administration Level I
Unit Title Apply 5S Procedures
Unit Code EIS WDDBA1 10 1221
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude
required to apply 5S techniques to his/her workplace. It
covers responsibility for the day-to-day operations of
the workplace and ensuring that continuous
improvements of Kaizen elements are initiated and
institutionalized.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare for work. 1.1. Work instructions are used to determine job requirements,
including method, material and equipment.
1.2. Job specifications are read and interpreted following
working manual.
1.3. OHS requirements, including dust and fume collection,
breathing apparatus and eye and ear personal protection
needs are observed throughout the work.
1.4. Tools and equipment are prepared and used to implement
5S.
1.5. Safety equipment and tools are identified and checked for
safe and effective operation.
1.6. Kaizen Board (Visual Management Board) is prepared
and used in harmony with different workplace contexts.
2. Sort items. 2.1. Plan is prepared to implement sorting activities.
2.2. Cleaning activities are performed.
2.3. All items in the workplace are identified following the
appropriate procedures.
2.4. Necessary and unnecessary items are listed using the
appropriate format.
2.5. Red tag strategy is used for unnecessary items.
2.6. Unnecessary items are evaluated and placed in an
appropriate place other than the workplace.
2.7. Necessary items are recorded and quantified using
appropriate format.
2.8. Performance results are reported using appropriate
formats.
2.9. Necessary items are regularly checked in the workplace.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 169 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
3. Set all items in 3.1. Plan is prepared to implement set in order activities.
order. 3.2. General cleaning activities are performed.
3.3. Location/Layout, storage and indication methods for items
are decided.
3.4. Necessary tools and equipment are prepared and used for
setting in order activities.
3.5. Items are placed in their assigned locations.
3.6. After use, the items are immediately returned to their
assigned locations.
3.7. Performance results are reported using appropriate
formats.
3.8. Each item is regularly checked in its assigned location and
order.
4. Perform shine 4.1 Plan is prepared to implement shine activities.
activities. 4.2 Necessary tools and equipment are prepared and used for
shinning activities.
4.3 Shine activity is implemented using appropriate
procedures.
4.4 Performance results are reported using appropriate formats.
4.5 Regular shining activities are conducted.
5. Standardize 5S. 5.1. Plan is prepared and used to standardize 5S activities.
5.2. Tools and techniques to standardize 5S are prepared and
implemented based on relevant procedures.
5.3. Checklists are followed for standardize activities and
reported to relevant personnel.
5.4. The workplace is kept to the specified standard.
5.5. Problems are avoided by standardizing activities.
6. Sustain 5S. 6.1. Plan is prepared and followed to sustain 5S activities.
6.2. Tools and techniques to sustain 5S are discussed,
prepared and implemented based on relevant procedures.
6.3. Workplace is inspected regularly for compliance to
specified standard and sustainability of 5S techniques.
6.4. Workplace is cleaned up after completion of job and
before commencing next job or end of shift.
6.5. Situations are identified where compliance to standards is
unlikely and actions specified in procedures are taken.
6.6. Improvements are recommended to lift the level of
compliance in the workplace.
6.7. Checklists are followed to sustain activities and report to
relevant personnel.
6.8. Problems are avoided by sustaining activities.

Variable Range
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 170 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
OHS requirements May include, but not limited to:
 Legislation/Regulations/Codes of practice and enterprise
safety policies and procedures. This may include protective
clothing and equipment, use of tooling and equipment,
workplace environment and safety, handling of material, use
of fire fighting equipment, enterprise first aid, hazard
control and hazardous materials and substances.
 Personal protective equipment is to include that prescribed
under legislation/regulations/codes of practice and
workplace policies and practices.
 Safe operating procedures are to include, but are not limited
to the conduct of operational risk assessment and treatments
associated with workplace organization.
 Emergency procedures related to this unit are to include but
may not be limited to emergency shutdown and stopping of
equipment, extinguishing fires, enterprise first aid
requirements and site evacuation.
Tools and equipment May include, but not limited to:
 Paint
 Hook
 Sticker
 Signboard
 Nails
 Shelves
 Chip wood
 Sponge
 Broom
 Pencil
 Shadow board/Tools board
Safety equipment and May include, but not limited to:
tools  Dust masks/goggles
 Glove
 Working cloth
 First aid and safety shoes
Items May include, but not limited to:
 Tools
 Jigs/Fixtures
 Materials/components
 Machine and equipment
 Manuals
 Documents
 Personal items (e.g. Bags, lunch boxes and posters)
Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 171 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Safety equipment and personal protective equipment
 Other items which happen to be in the work area
The appropriate May include, but not limited to:
procedures  Steps for implementing 5S (sort, set in order and shine)
activities.
 Written, verbal and computer based or in some other format.
Unnecessary items Are not needed for current production or administrative
operation and include but not limited to:
 Defective or excess quantities of small parts and inventory
 Out dated or broken jigs and dies
 Worn-out bits
 Out dated or broken tools and inspection gear
 Old rags and other cleaning supplies
 Electrical equipment with broken cords
 Out dated posters, signs, notices and memos
 Some locations where unneeded items tend to accumulate
 In rooms or areas not designated for any particular purpose
 In corners next to entrances or exists
 Along interior and exterior walls
 Next to partitions and behind pillars
 Under the eaves of warehouses
 Under desks and shelves and in desk and cabinet drawers
 Near the bottom of tall stacks of items
 On unused management and production schedule boards
 In tools boxes that are not clearly sorted
Appropriate format May include, but not limited to:
 All items, necessary and unnecessary items.
Red tag A format prepared with a red color paper or card which is
filled and attached temporarily on the unnecessary items until
decision is made. The red tag catch people’s attention because
red is a color that stands out. So to fill and attach red tag on
items, asks the following three questions:
 Is this item needed?
 If it is needed, is it needed in this quantity?
 If it is needed, does it need to be located here?
Necessary items Are required in the workplace for current production or
administrative operation in the amount needed.
Shine activity May include, but not limited to:
 Inspection
 Cleaning
 Minor maintenance May include, but not limited to:
 Tightening bolts

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 172 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Lubrication and Replacing missing parts
Tools and techniques May include, but not limited to:
to standardize 5S  5S Job Cycle Charts
 Visual 5S
 The Five Minute 5S
 Standardization level checklist
 5S checklist
 The five Whys and one How approach(5W1H)
 Suspension
 Incorporation and Use Elimination
 5S slogans
 5S posters
 5S photo exhibits and storyboards
 5S newsletter
 5S maps
 5S pocket manuals
 5S department/benchmarking tours
 5S months
 5S audit
 Awarding system
 Big cleaning day
 Patrolling system May include, but not limited to:
 Top management Patrol
 5S Committee members and Promotion office Patrol
 Mutual patrol
 Self-patrol
 Checklist and Camera patrols
Relevant procedures May include, but not limited to:
 Assign 5S responsibilities
 Integrate 5S duties into regular work duties
 Check on 5S maintenance level
 OHS measures such as signage, symbols / coding and
labelling of workplace and equipment
 Creating conditions to sustain your plans
 Roles in implementation
Reporting May include, but not limited to:
 Verbal responses
 Data entry into enterprise database
 Brief written reports using enterprise report formats
Relevant personnel May include, but not limited to:
 Supervisors, managers and quality managers

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 173 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
  Administrative, laboratory and production personnel
 Internal/external contractors, customers and suppliers

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge to:
Competence  Discuss how to organize KPT.
 Describe the pillars of 5S.
 Discuss the relationship between Kaizen elements.
 Implement 5S in own workplace by following appropriate
procedures and techniques.
Required Knowledge Demonstrates knowledge of:
and Attitudes  Kaizen principle, pillars and concept
 Key characteristic of Kaizen
 Elements of Kaizen
 Wastes/MUDA
 Basics of KPT
 Aims, benefits and principles of KPT
 Stages of KPT
 Structure and role of the components of Junior KPT
 Concept and parts of Kaizen board
 Concept and benefits of 5S
 The pillars of 5S
 Three stages of5S application
 Benefits and procedure of sorting activities
 The concept and application of Red Tag strategy
 Relevant Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and
environment requirements
 Benefits and procedure of set in order activities
 Set in order methods/techniques
 Benefits and procedure of shine activities
 Inspection methods
 Planning and reporting methods
 Method of Communication
 Benefits of standardizing and sustaining 5S
 Tools and techniques to sustain 5S
 Ways to improve Kaizen elements
 Benefits of improving kaizen elements
 Relationship between Kaizen elements
Required Skills Demonstrates skills of:
 Participating actively in KPT
 Technical drawing

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 174 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Communication skills
Planning and reporting own tasks in implementation of 5S
Following procedures to implement 5S in own workplace
Using sorting formats to identify necessary and unnecessary
items
 Improving workplace layout following work procedures
 Preparing labels, slogans, etc.
 Reading and interpreting documents
 Observing situations
 Gathering evidence by using different means
 Recording activities and results using prescribed formats
 Working with others
 Solving problems by applying 5S
 Preparing and using kaizen board
 Preparing and using tools and equipment to implement and
sustain 5S
 Improving Kaizen elements by applying 5S
 Standardizing and sustaining procedures and techniques to
avoid problems
 Procedures to standardizing 5S activities
 Analysing and preparing shop layout of the workplace
 Standardizing and sustaining checklists
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview/Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Assessment Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
simulated work place setting.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 175 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Acknowledgement

We wish to extend thanks and appreciation to the many representatives of

business, industry, academe and government agencies who donated their time

and expertise to the development of this occupational standard.

We would like also to express our appreciation to the Staff and Experts of

MoFED, Ministry of Education (MoE) and Engineering Capacity Building

Program (ecbp) who made the development of this occupational standard

possible.

This occupational standard was revised and finalized on December 2021

Adama, Ethiopia.

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 176 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 [Link] Development and Database Administration
Experts who participating the Occupational Standard

No Name In English Phone E-mail Address Region/City

Number
1 Endashaw Girma Dukamo 0926103773 endumulu2009@[Link] SNNPR
2 Mululem Wordofa Regasa 0912042074 jimpowerdire@[Link] Addis Abeba
3 Abinet Ermias Gobena 0911731227 [Link]@[Link] SNNPR
4 Amante Tadesse 0923104465 Amantetaddese432@gmail Assela/Oromia
Waldamariam .com
5 Tewodros Sileshi Degesew 0923319916 shurakoyooo@[Link] SNNPR
6 Akfete Assefa Hurrisa 0912494821 dirake2121@[Link] Adama/Oromia
7 Israel Kifle Addise 0922860138 israelkifle2@[Link] Adama/Oromia
8 Edris Fedlu Muzemil 0922976864 edrisfedlu@[Link] Addis Abeba
9 Mohammedamin 0920081070 mo430ka@[Link] Assela/Oromia
Kabirhussein Abdo
10 Yitayal Admie Goshu 0918096684 yitay2007@[Link] Addis Abeba

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 177 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Ministry of Science Web Development and Database
Version 2
Page 178 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard
 Web Development and
Level V
Database
Administration
Web Development and
Level IV Database Administration

Level III Web Development and

Database Administration

Web Development and Database

Level II Administration

Web Development and Database

Level I Administration

Ministry of Science Web Development and Database

Version 2
Page 179 and Higher Administration
Dec 2011
Education Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard