12.

P(Both A & B) = 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) Use the Code :BVREDDY

1. P(A) =
𝐧(𝐀) 13.P(at least one) = 𝐏(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁)
𝐧(𝐒) 14.P(Either A or B) = 𝐏(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) To get maximum discount
2.0 ≤ 𝑷 𝑨 ≤ 𝟏 15.P(neither A nor B) = 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 = 𝑷(A ∪ B)
Impossible Sure event 16.P(neither A nor B) = 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 = P(A ∪ B)
event (certain event) 17.P(exactly one) = 𝐏(𝐀 ∆ 𝑩) = 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 + 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁
[Link] of all probabilities =1 18. Rolling a dice
σ𝐏 = 𝟏
2 –Dice rolled 3 - Dice rolled
4.P(sample space) =1 7
5.𝐏(𝐀) = 1 – P(A) 10 27 11
6.𝐏(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)
6 9
6 25 12
8
If A & B are mutually exclusive events, 5 8 13
5 9 21
P(A∩B) = 0 7 14
7.P(A∩B) ≤ 𝐏 𝐀 ≤ 𝐏 𝐀 ∪ 𝐁 ≤ 𝐏 𝐀 + 𝐏(𝐁) 4 4 10 15
6 15
8.P(A ∪ B) = 𝟏 − 𝐏 𝐀 ∪ 𝐁 3 11 10
3 5 16
𝐏(A ∪ B) = 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 12 4 6 17
2 2
9.𝐏(A ∩ B) = 𝟏 − 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁
3 3 18
𝐏(A ∩ B) = 𝐏 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩
1
1
10.P(only A) = 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 = 𝐏 𝐀 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
11.P(only B) = 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝑩 = 𝐏 𝐁 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
 22. If A, B, C, D are mutually independent events
P A ∩ B = P(A)P(B)
𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = P(A)P(B)P(C)
P A ∩ C = P(A)P(C)
Black(26) 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 ∩ 𝐷 = P(A)P(C)P(D)
P A ∩ 𝐷 = P(A)P(D)
𝑃 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 ∩ 𝐷 = P(B)P(C)P(D)
P B ∩ C = P(B)P(C)
𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐷 = P(A)P(B)P(D)
Hearts(13) Diamonds(13) P B ∩ 𝐷 = P(B)P(D)
Spade(13) Club(13) 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 ∩ 𝐷 = P(A)P(B)P(C) P(D)
Each suit contains P C ∩ D = P(C)P(A)
➢ The total number of conditions for mutual
J, K, Q A
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 independence of n- events is = 2𝑛 − 1 − 𝑛
➢ Mutually independent events are pair wise
Face cards = 3 Honour cards = 4
Number cards = 9 independent but vice versa not true .
21. If A, B, C are mutually independent events

20. If A, B, C are pair wise independent 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 = P(A)P(B) Total probability theorem

𝐏 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂 = P(B)P(C) 𝑵
𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 = P(A)P(B) 𝑨
𝐏 𝐂 ∩ 𝐀 = P(C)P(A)
𝑷 𝑨 = ෍ 𝑷 𝑩𝒏 𝑷
𝐏 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂 = P(B)P(C) 𝑩𝒏
𝒏=𝟏
𝐏 𝐂 ∩ 𝐀 = P(C)P(A) 𝐏 𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂 = P(A)P(B)P(C) Baye’s Theorems
24. If A & B independent events 𝑨
𝑷
➢ 𝐀 & 𝐁 are also independent
𝑩𝒏 𝑩𝒏 𝒑 𝑩𝒏
23. P(𝐀/𝐁) + P(𝐀/𝐁) = 𝟏 𝑷 =
𝑨 𝑨
σ𝑵 𝑷
P(𝐀/𝐁) + P(𝐀/𝐁) = 𝟏 ➢ 𝐀 & 𝐁 are also independent 𝒏=𝟏 𝑩𝒏 𝒑 𝑩𝒏
➢ 𝐀 & 𝐁 are also independent Use the Code :BVREDDY To get maximum discount
 Variance 5. If σ – decreases then normal density
CDF function increases and curve tends to be
F(x) = P(X ≤ x) Var(x) = 𝐄 𝐱 − 𝐦 𝟐
more peaked at mean .
1. F(-∞) = 0 Use the Code :BVREDDY Vax(x) = E[x²] - (E[x])² 6. P( 𝜇 − 𝜎 < 𝑥 < 𝜇 + 𝜎 ) = 0.6826
2. F(∞) = 1 To get maximum discount 1. Var (K) =0 P( 𝜇 − 2𝜎 < 𝑥 < 𝜇 + 2𝜎 ) =0.9544
3. 0 ≤ 𝐅(𝐱) ≤1 2. Var (ax) = a² var(x) P( 𝜇 − 3𝜎 < 𝑥 < 𝜇 + 3𝜎 ) =0.9973
4. CDF is a non-decreasing function 3. Var (ax+b) = a² var(x)
5. CDF is a continuous function 4. var (x+ y) = var(x) + var(y) + 2 cov (x, y)
6. 𝐏 𝐱 > 𝐱 𝟏 = 𝟏 − 𝐅(𝐱 𝟏 ) 5. var (x− y) = var(x) + var(y) − 2 cov (x, y)
PDF 𝐝 If x & y are independent random variable
f(x) = 𝐝𝐱 𝐅(𝐱) cov (x, y)=0
∞ var (x+ y) = var(x) + var(y)
1. ‫׬‬−∞ 𝐟 𝐱 𝐝𝐱 = 𝟏
var (x− y) = var(x) + var(y)
Area Bounded by any pdf curve is unity Normal Density function
𝐱𝟐 [Link] curve is smooth, regular, bell 7. Standard Normal density function
2. 𝐏(𝐱 𝟏 < 𝐱 ≤ 𝐱 𝟐 ) = ‫𝐱𝐝 𝐱 𝐟 𝐱׬‬
𝟏 P( -1 ≤ 𝑍 ≤ 1 ) = 0.6826
Mean shaped and symmetrical about mean
𝐄 𝐱 = ෍ 𝐱𝐩(𝐱) ⟶ 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐞 𝐑. 𝐕 2. The area under the normal density P( -2 ≤ 𝑍 ≤ 2 ) = 0.9544
function is unity . P( -3 ≤ 𝑍 ≤ 3 ) = 0.9973
𝐄 𝐱 = න 𝒙𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ⟶ 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐑. 𝐕 [Link] maximum value of density
1. E[K] = K. 6. E[x-m] = 0 m - mean of x. function occurs at x = µ
Its maximum value of density
2. E[x+K] = E[x] + K 7. if x & y are independent R.V 1
3. E[ax+b]= a E[x] +b E[xy] = E[x] E[y]. function is = 𝜎 2𝜋
4. E[x+y] = E[x] + E[y] 4. If σ – increases then normal
5. E[ax+by] = a E(x) + b E(y) density function decreases and curve
tends to be flat
 8. P( -a ≤ 𝒁 ≤ 𝒂 ) = 𝟐 𝑷 𝟎 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝒂
9. P( -a ≤ 𝒁 ≤ 𝒃 ) = 𝑷 𝟎 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝒂 + 𝑷 𝟎 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝒃
10. P( Z ≥ a ) = 𝟎 ⋅ 𝟓 − 𝑷 𝟎 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝒂
11. P( Z ≤ - a ) = 𝑷 𝒛 ≥ 𝒂
Use the Code :BVREDDY
12. P( Z ≥ - a ) = 𝑷 𝒛 ≤ 𝒂
13. P( Z ≤ a ) = 𝟎 ⋅ 𝟓 + 𝑷 𝟎 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝒂
14. If a < b
To get maximum discount
P( a ≤ 𝒁 ≤ 𝒃 ) = 𝒑 𝟎 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝒃 − 𝑷 𝟎 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝒂 ⋅
Probability Distribution Functions

Binomial Poisson’s Uniform Exponential Normal

e−λ λx 1 x−μ 2
P x, λ = f x = f x = ae−ax , 1 −
1. pdf B(x,n,p) = nCx px qn−x x! b−a f x = e 2σ2
x>0 2πσ2
λ = np a≤x≤b
2. Mean 𝒂+𝒃 𝟏
np 𝝀 Mean = 𝝁
𝟐 𝒂
3. Variance 𝝀 𝒂−𝒃 𝟐 𝟏
npq Variance = 𝝈𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝟐

3. S.D 𝒂−𝒃 𝟐 𝟏
𝐧𝐩𝐪 𝝀 S.D = 𝝈
𝟏𝟐 𝒂