Relations and Functions

MCQ Questions
1. If S = {1,2,3,4,5} and R = {(x, y): x + y < 6} then n(R) =
(A) 8
(B) 10
(C) 6
(D) 5

2. The relation 𝑅 defined on the set of 𝑁 of natural numbers by 𝑥Ry ⇔ 2x 2 − 3xy + y 2 = 0 is

(A) Symmetric but not reflexive
(B) Only symmetric
(C) Not symmetric but reflexive
(D) None of these

3. The relation 'Less than' in the set of natural numbers is -

(A) only symmetric
(B) only reflexive
(C) only transitive
(D) equivalence relation

4. Let 𝑅 be the relation on the set 𝑅 of all real numbers defined by 𝑎R𝑏 iff |a − b| ≤ 1. Then R is -
(A) reflexive but not symmetric
(B) symmetric and transitive
(C) reflexive and symmetric
(D) reflexive and transitive

5. Let R = {(3,3), (6,6), (9,9), (12,12), (6,12), (3,9), (3,12), (3,6)} be a relation on the set A = {3,6,
9,12}. The relation is -
(A) reflexive and symmetric only
(B) an equivalence relation
(C) reflexive only
(D) reflexive and transitive only

6. In the set N × N, the relation R is defined by (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⇔ 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐 then 𝑅 is-

(A) Reflexive but not symmetric
(B) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
(C) Equivalence Relation
(D) None

7. N is the set of natural numbers. The relation R is defined on N × N as follows (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⇔ 𝑎 +
𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 is,
(A) reflexive
(B) symmetric
 (C) transitive
(D) all of these

8. The relation R defined the set A = {1,2,3,4,5} by R = {(x, y): |x 2 − y 2 | < 16} , then -
(A) R = {(1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (4,1), (2,3)}
(B) R = {(2,2), (3,2), (4,2), (2,4)}
(C) R = {(3,3), (4,3), (5,4), (3,4)}
(D) None

9. If 𝐴 is the set of even natural numbers less than 8 and 𝐵 is the set of prime numbers less than 7 , then
the number of relations from 𝐴 to B is -
(A) 28
(B) 29 − 1
(C) 29
(D) 28 − 1

10. If 𝐴 = {1,2,3}, then the relation 𝐑 = {(2,3)} in 𝐴 is

(A) symmetric and transitive only
(B) symmetric only
(C) transitive only
(D) None of these

11. Let 𝐴 = {2,3,4,5} and 𝑅 = {(2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (2,3), (3.2), (3,5), (5,3)} be a relation in A.
Then, 𝑅 is
(A) reflexive and transitive
(B) reflexive and symmetric
(C) reflexive and anti-symmetric
(D) None of the above

12. Let A = {1,2,3,4} and R be a relation in A given by R = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4),
(1,2), (2,1), (3,1), (1,4)}. Then, 𝑅 is
(A) reflexive
(B) symmetric
(C) transitive
(D) both A & B
13. The relation 𝑅 = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,2), (2,3), (1,3)} on the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3} is -
(A) Reflexive but not symmetric
(B) Reflexive but not transitive
(C) Symmetric and transitive
(D) Neither symmetric nor transitive

14. Let n be a fixed positive integer. Let R be relation on 𝑍 (set of integers) by a 𝑅 b iff 𝑛 divides (𝑎 −
𝑏). Then 𝑅 is-
(A) Reflexive only
(B) Symmetric only
 (C) Transitive only
(D) Equivalence

15. Let 𝑅 be the relation over the set of all straight lines in a plane such that ℓ1 &ℓ2 ⇔ ℓ1 ⊥ ℓ2 then 𝑅 is
(A) Symmetric
(B) Reflexive
(C) Transitive
(D)Equivalence relation

16. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 7:

(A) 𝑓 is neither one-one nor onto
(B) 𝑓 is one-one but not onto
(C) 𝑓 is onto but not one-one
(D) f is both one-one and onto

17. Let 𝑅 be the relation on set of all integers such that R = {(x, y); x − y in divisible by 7} then 𝑅 is
(A) Reflexive not symmetric
(B) Transitive only
(C) Not reflexive
(D) Equivalence relation

18. Let S is a relation on the set of real numbers R defined by a S𝑏 iff ab ≥ 0. Then S is -
(A) symmetric and transitive
(B) symmetric
(C) symmetric and reflexive
(D) equivalence

19. Let O(A) = 5, O(B) = 4, then total no. of onto functions from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is -
(A) 258
(B) 512
(C) 516
(D) None
𝑓(𝑥)
20. If 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑓(𝑦) for all real 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑓(0) ≠ 0, then the function 𝑔(𝑥) = is -
1+{𝑓(𝑥)}2
(A) Even function
(B) Odd function
(C) Odd if f(x) > 0
(D) Neither even nor odd

21. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, then 𝑓 is -

(A) one-one onto
(B) many-one onto
(C) one-one but not onto
(D) none of these
 3 −3x+2
22. f: (−∞, −1] → (0, e5 ] defined by f(x) = ex is -
(A) many-one and onto
(B) many-one and into
(C) one-one and onto
(D) one-one and into
2𝑥
23. Let 𝑓: (−1,1) → [0, 𝜋] be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = cot−1 ⁡ then -
1−𝑥 2
(A) 𝑓 is one-one but not onto
(B) 𝑓 is onto but not one-one
(C) f is both one-one and onto
(D) f is neither one-one nor onto

24. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + sin⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑎, then

(A) 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one onto function if 𝑎 ∈ 𝑅
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one onto function if 𝑎 ∈ 𝑅 − [−1,1]
(C) f(x) is one-one onto function if a ∈ R − {0}
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one onto function if 𝑎 ∈ 𝑅 − {−1}

25. Function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 is

(A) One-one onto
(B) One-one into
(C) Many-one onto
(D) Many-one into
3𝑥 −1
26. The graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = is symmetrical about 𝑦-axis for 𝑛 =
𝑥 𝑛(3𝑥 +1)
(A) 4
(B) 1/4
(C) 8/3
(D) −1/3

27. If 𝑓(𝑥) = min{|𝑥 − 1|, |𝑥|, |𝑥 + 1|}, then :

(A) 𝑓 is odd
(B) 𝑓 is even
(C) 𝑓 is periodic
(D) None of these
2 2
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
28. Let f: 𝐑 → 𝐑 defined by f(x) = 2 2 , then:
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one but not onto
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) is neither one-one nor onto
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) is many one and onto
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one and onto
𝑥−𝑚
29. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 − {𝑛} → 𝑅 be a function defined by : 𝑓(𝑥) = , where m ≠ 𝑛. Then :
𝑥−𝑛
(A) 𝑓 is one - one onto
 (B) 𝑓 is one-one into
(C) 𝑓 is many one onto
(D) 𝑓 is many one into

30. Let f: R → R be a function defined by

𝑥 2+2𝑥+5
𝑓(𝑥) = is-
𝑥 2+𝑥+1

(A) one-one and into

(B) one-one and onto

(C) many-one and onto

(D) many-one and into

31. Which of the following functions are bijections?

(A) f: R → R, f(x) = sin⁡ x
(B) f: R+ → R, f(x) = 2√𝑥 + 1
(C) f: [0, 𝜋] → [−1,1], f(x) = cos⁡ x
(D) None of these
𝑒 |𝑥| −𝑒 −𝑥
32. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = . Then -
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
(A) 𝑓 is a bijection
(B) 𝑓 is an injection only
(C) f is a surjection only
(D) 𝑓 is neither an injection nor a surjection

33. If the function 𝑓: [1, ∞) ⟶ [1, ∞) is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥(𝑥−1), then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is :
1 x/(x−1)
(A) ( )
2
1
(B) (1 + √(1 + 4log2 ⁡ x))
2
1
(C) (1 − √(1 + 4log2 ⁡ x))
2
(D) either (B) or (C)

CASE BASED MCQ'S

Passage - 1 [Q.34 to 38]

A relation 𝑅 on a set 𝐴 is said to be an equivalence relation on 𝐴 iff it is

• Reflexive i.e., (a, a) ∈ R∀a ∈ A.

• Symmetric i.e., (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴

• Transitive i.e., (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 and (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅

⇒ (a, c) ∈ R∀a, b, c ∈ A.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

34. If the relation 𝑅 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,2), (2,3), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3)} defined on the set 𝐴 =
{1,2,3}, then 𝑅 is
(A) reflexive
(B) symmetric
(C) transitive
(D) equivalence

35. If the relation 𝑅 = {(1,2), (2,1), (1,3), (3,1)} defined on the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3}, then 𝑅 is
(A) reflexive
(B) symmetric
(C) transitive
(D) equivalence

36. If the relation R on the set N of all natural numbers defined as R = {(x, y): y = x + 5 and x < 4, then
R is
(A) reflexive
(B) symmetric
(C) transitive
(D) equivalence

37. If the relation 𝑅 on the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3, … .13,14} defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0}, then 𝑅 is
(A) reflexive
(B) symmetric
(C) transitive
(D) None of these

38. If the relation 𝑅 on the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3}. defined as R = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2,2),
(2,3), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3)}, then R is
(A) reflexive only
(C) transitive only
(B) symmetric only
(D) equivalence

Passage -2 [39 to 43]

𝑥−1
Consider the mapping f: A → B is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = such that 𝑓 is a bijection.
𝑥−2

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

39. Domain of f is
(A) R − {2}
 (B) R
(C) R − {1,2}
(D) R − {0}

40. Range of 𝑓 is
(A) R
(B) R − {1}
(C) R − {0}
(D) R − {1,2}

41. If g: R − {2} → R − {1} is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑓(𝑥) − 1, then 𝑔(𝑥) in terms of 𝑥 is

𝑥+2
(A)
𝑥
𝑥+1
(B)
𝑥−2
𝑥−2
(C)
𝑥
𝑥
(D)
𝑥−2

42. The function g defined above, is

(A) One-one
(C) into
(B) Many-one
(D) None of these

43. A function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to e one-one iff

(A) f(x1 ) = f(x 2 ) ⇒ −x1 = x 2
(B) f(−x1 ) = f(−x 2 ) ⇒ −x1 = x 2
(C) 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) ⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2
(D) None of theses

Passage -3 [44 to 48]

Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:

A general election of Lok Sabha is a gigantic exercise. About 911 million people were eligible to
vote and voter turnout was about 67%, the highest ever.

Let I be the set of all citizens of India who were eligible to exercise their voting right in general
election held in 2019. A relation ' 𝑅 ' is defined on 𝐼 as follows:

R = {(V1 , V2 ): V1 , V2 ∈ I and both use their voting right in general election - 2019} [CBSE QB 2021]
44. Two neighbours 𝑋 and 𝑌 ∈ 𝐼. 𝑋 exercised his voting right while Y did not cast her vote in general
election - 2019. Which of the following is true?
(A) (X, Y) ∈ R
(B) (Y, X) ∈ R
(C) (X, X) ∉ R
(D) (X, Y) ∉ R
45. Mr. ' X ' and his wife ' W ' both exercised their voting right in general election -2019, Which of the
following is true?
(A) both (X, W) and (W, X) ∈ R
(B) (X, W) ∈ R but (W, X) ∉ R
(C) both (𝑋, 𝑊) and (𝑊, 𝑋) ∉ 𝑅
(D) (W, X) ∈ R but (X, W) ∉ R

46. Three friends 𝐹1 , 𝐹2 and 𝐹3 exercised their voting right in general election-2019, then which of the
following is true?
(A) (F1 , F2 ) ∈ R, (F2 , F3 ) ∈ R and (F1 , F3 ) ∈ R
(B) (F1 , F2 ) ∈ R, (F2 , F3 ) ∈ R and (F1 , F3 ) ∉ R
(C) (F1 , F2 ) ∈ R, (F2 , F2 ) ∈ R but (F3 , F3 ) ∉ R
(D) (F1 , F2 ) ∉ R, (F2 , F3 ) ∉ Rand (F1 , F3 ) ∉ R

47. The above defined relation 𝑅 is -

(A) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
(B) Universal relation
(C) Equivalence relation
(D) Reflexive but not symmetric and transitive

48. Mr. Shyam exercised his voting right in General Election - 2019, then Mr. Shyam is related to which
of the following?

(A) All those eligible voters who cast their votes

(B) Family members of Mr. Shyam

(C) All citizens of India

(D) Eligible voters of India

Passage -4 [49 to 53]

Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:

Students of Grade 9, planned to plant saplings along straight lines, parallel to each other to one side
of the playground ensuring that they had enough play area. Let us assume that they planted one of the
rows of the saplings along the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4. Let 𝐿 be the set of all lines which are parallel on the
ground and 𝑅 be a relation on 𝐿.

[CBSE QB 2021]

49. Let relation 𝑅 be defined by 𝑅 = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ) : L1 ||L2 where L1 , L2 ∈ L} then R is relation

(A) Equivalence
(B) Only reflexive
(C) Not reflexive
(D) Symmetric but not transitive
50. Let R = {(L1 , L2 ): L1 ⊥ L2 where L1 , L2 ∈ L} which of the following is true?
(A) 𝑅 is Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive

(B) R is Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric

(C) R is Reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive

(D) R is an Equivalence relation

51. The function f: R → R defined by f(x) = x − 4 is

(A) Bijective

(B) Surjective but not injective

(C) Injective but not Surjective

(D) Neither Surjective nor Injective

52. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4. Then the range of 𝑓(𝑥) is

(A) R
(B) Z
(C) W
(D) Q

53. Let R = {(L1 , L2 ): L1 ||L2 and L1 : y = x − 4} then which of the following can be taken as L2 ?
(A) 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5 = 0
(B) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
(C) 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 7 = 0
(D) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7

Passage -5 [54 to 58]

Read the following text and answer the following questions 𝑛 the basis of the same:

Raji visited the Exhibition along with her family. The Exhibition had a huge swing, which attracted
many children. Raji found that the swing traced the path of a Parabola as given by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2.

[CBSE QB-2021]

54. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 is

(A) Neither Surjective nor Injective
(B) Surjective
(C) Injective
(D) Bijective

55. Let f: N → N be defined by f(x) = x 2 is

(A) Surjective but not Injective
 (B) Surjective
(C) Injective
(D) Bijective

56. Let f: {1,2,3, … } → {1,4,9, ….}𝑏𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 is

(A) Bijective
(B) Surjective but not Injective
(C) Injective but Surjective
(D) Neither Surjective nor Injective

57. Let : 𝑁 → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 . Range of the function among the following is
(A) {1,4,9,16, … }
(B) {1,4,8,9, ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
10, … }
(C) {1,4,9,15,16, … }
(D) {1,4,8,16, … }

58. The function f: Z → Z defined by f(x) = x 2 is

(A) Neither Injective nor Surjective

(B) Injective

(C) Surjective

(D) Bijective

ASSERTION & REASON BASED MCQ'S

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and (𝑅) is correct explanation of assertion (A).

(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, but reason (𝑅) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).

(C) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false.

(D) Assertion (A) is false, but reason (R) is true.

59. Assertion (A): Let 𝐿 be the set of all lines in a plane and 𝑅 be the relations in 𝐿 defined as R =
{(L1 , L2 ): L1 is perpendicular to L2 }. This relation is not equivalence relation.
Reason (R): A line is not perpendicular to itself.

60. Let for real numbers 𝑥 and 𝑦 we define the relation 𝑅 such that
𝑥𝑅𝑦 ⇔ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
 Assertion (A): The relation 𝑅 is an equivalence relation.

Reason (R): A relation 𝑅 is an equivalence relation if it is reflexive, transitive and symmetric.

61. Assertion (A): 𝑓(𝑥) = log𝑒 ⁡ 𝑥 cannot be expressed as a sum of odd and even function.
Reason (R): 𝑓(𝑥) = log𝑒 ⁡ 𝑥 is neither odd nor even function.

62. Assertion (A): 𝑓(𝑥) = sin⁡ 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = cos⁡ 𝑥 are identical functions
Reason (R): Both the functions have the same domain and range.

63. Assertion (A): The function f(x) given by 𝑓(𝑥) = sin −1 ⁡{log⁡(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1)} is an odd function.
Reason (R): The composition of two odd functions is an odd function.
a+x
64. Let 𝑎, b ∈ R, 𝑎 ≠ b and let⁡ f(x) = .
b+x
Assertion (A): 𝑓 is a one-one function.

Reason (R): Range of f is R − {1}

65. Assertion (A): Function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + tan−1 ⁡ 𝑥 is a non-periodic function

Reason (R): The sum of two non-periodic functions is always non-periodic.

66. Consider the functions 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 and g: R → R, g(x) = 3x + 4.

Assertion (A): 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) is an onto an function.

Reason (R): 𝑔(𝑥) is an onto function.

67. Assertion (A): Function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin⁡ 𝑥 + {𝑥} is periodic with period 2𝜋.
Reason (R): sin⁡ 𝑥 and {𝑥} are both periodic functions with period 2𝜋 and 1 respectively.

68. Assertion (A): If 𝑓(𝑥)&𝑔(𝑥) both are one-one, then 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) is also one-one.
Reason (R): If, 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ) ⇔ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 then 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one

69. Let f(x) = ln⁡(4𝜋x − [4𝜋x]) + cos⁡ 3𝜋x, where [.] represents greatest integer function.
Assertion (A): 𝑓(𝑥) is non-periodic function.

Reason (R): There is no positive number which is multiple of a rational as well as an irrational
number.
𝜋 𝜋
70. Let f: [0, ] → [0,1]. f(x) = sin⁡ x and g : [0, ] → [0,1]; g(x) = cos⁡ x
2 2

Assertion (A): 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) is a many-one function

Reason (R): Sum of two many-one functions is a many-one function.

 1 2 3
71. Assertion (A): Let 𝑓: 𝑅 − {1,2,3} → 𝑅 be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = + + .
𝑥−1 𝑥−2 𝑥−3

Then f is many-one function.

Reason (R): If either f ′ (x) > 0 or f ′ (x) < 0, ∀x ∈ domain of 𝑓, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one function.

72. Assertion (A): Every even function is many one.

Reason (R): Any function which is symmetrical about a line is many one.

73. Assertion (A): The function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is invertible if and only if 𝑎2 ≤
3𝑏.
Reason (R): A function is invertible if and only if it is one-to-one and onto function.