Unit 3 FRACTIONS

EXERCISE 3.1
A. Add the following:
(1) 1 + 1 (2) 3 + 1 (3) 2 + 1
3 2 4 8 5 3
(4) 3 + 1 (5) 2 + 3 (6) 2 + 3
8 3 9 4 5 7
B. Solve:
(1) 1 + 1 + 1 (2) 1 + 1 + 1 (3) 1 + 1 + 1
3 5 9 6 15 18 8 12 16
(4) 1 1 + 1 1 + 2 (5) 2 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 (6) 1 1 + 1 + 1 1
10 5 20 3 15 20 24 32 4

C. Subtract the following:

(1) 3 3 (2) 2 1 (3) 3 1
– – –
4 8 3 4 4 2

(4) 5
–
1 (5) 4 2 – 1 1 (6) 3 3 – 2 9
6 2 5 4 5 10
D. Solve:
(1) 7 1 1 (1) 3 1 1 (3) 6 1 1
– – – – – –
8 3 4 4 6 3 7 14 2

(4) 2 5 – 2 1 – 1 (5) 2 11 – 2 1 –1 1 (6) 2 9 – 3 1 – 2 1

6 3 4 12 6 4 10 2 5

(7) 4 8 – 3 1 – 4 1 (8) 3 1 – 3 1 – 2 1 (9) 2 3 –1 2 –1 3

9 6 3 12 4 6 15 5 10

E. Add:
(1) 2 and 3 (2) 1 and 1 (3) 1 , 1 and 1
5 10 3 6 7 14 21
F. Subtract:
(1) 2 from 3 (2) 1 from 4 (3) 3 from 4
3 4Teacher should revise
3 the students
5 addition and4subtraction of5two
fractions with different denominators and learn them with more
fraction also.

37 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS (Multiplication)

Example 2. Multiply 1 by 5 .
7 6

Solution: 1 by 5 means 1 x 5
7 6 7 6
1 x 5 = 1x5 = 5
7 6 7x6 42

Example 3. Simplify.

(a) 2 2 x 9 (b) 6 x 25 x 1
3 4 5 8 3
Solution: Solution:

2 2 x 9 = 8 x 9 6
x
25
x
1
3 4 3 4 5 8 3
1
2 3 2 5
8x9 6 x 25 x 1
= =
3x4 5x8x3
1 1 1 4 1

2x3 1x5x1
= =
1x1 1x4x1
6 5 1
= =6 = =1
1 4 4

EXERCISE 3.2
A. Multiply the fraction by the given whole number.
Also demonstrate with the help of diagram.
(1) 3 x 4 (2) 1 x 3 (3) 3 x 5
4 3 5
(4) 1 x 2 (5) 1 x 8 (6) 1 x 6
2 4 3

(7) 3 x 4 (8) 2 x 6 (9) 3 x 11

2 3 5

40 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS (Multiplication)

B. Multiply the given fraction by another fraction.

(1) 1 by 1 (2) 1 by 3 (3) 1 by 2
2 5 4 5 3 3
(4) 1 by 3 (5) 2 1 by 4 (6) 3 1 by 1 1
1
4 4 3 5 2 2
C. Simplify.
(1) 3 x 8 (2) 2 x 25 (3) 7 x 9
4 9 5 4 3 14
(4) 1 5 x 2 1 x 8 (5) 1 6 x 14 x 3 1 (6) 2 1 x 1 2 x 20
18 10 7 7 15 8 3 3 7
Multiply two or more fractions involving brackets
(proper, improper and mixed fractions)
Let us see the following examples:
Example 1. Multiply 6 by 19 .
8 6
1
Solution: 6 x 19 = 6 x 19 = 19 = 2 3
8 6 8 x 61 8 8

Example 2. Solve: 1 1 x 5 x 4
4 10 5
Solution: 1 1 x 5 x 4 5 x 5 x 4
=
4 10 5 4 10 5
1 2
= 5 x 5x4
4 10 x 5
5 1

5 x 1x2 5 x 2
= =
4 5x1 4 5
1 1
5x2 = 1
=
4x5 2
2 1

Thus, 1 1 x 5 x 4 = 1
4 10 5 2

41 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS (Multiplication)

EXERCISE 3.3
Solve.

(1) 5 1 16 (2) 7 1 8
x 2 x x 2 x
6 4 5 9 4 7

(3) 4 10 9 (4) 3 16 2
x x x x 1
5 3 8 4 5 3
(5) 3 1 5 (6) 1 5 1
1 x 10 x 1 x x 5
5 2 21 6 6 7

(7) 5 1 11 (8) 5 3 1
1 x 12 x 1 2 x 1 x2
16 2 21 6 17 10

(9) 9 20 11 (10) 4 5 1
3 x x 1 2 x1 x2
10 36 13 5 7 12

(11) 2 5 1 (12) 1 1 1
4 x 2 x1 8 x 2 x
7 8 9 3 10 7

Verify Distributive Laws:

There are two laws of distributive multiplication.
(1) Distributive law of multiplication over addition
(2) Distributive law of multiplication over subtraction
1. Distributive law of multiplication over addition

If 1 , 2 and 1 are any three fractions, then

2 3 4
1 2 1 1 2 1 1
Consider x + and x + x
2 3 4 2 3 2 4
Let us verify it:
1 2 1 1 2 1 1
x + = x + x
2 3 4 2 3 2 4
1 x 8+3 2 + 1
=
2 12 6 8

43 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS (Multiplication)

EXERCISE 3.4
A. Verify the distributive law of multiplication over
addition in the following.
2 3 4 2 3 2 4
(1) x + = x + x
5 7 5 5 7 5 5
(2) 7 1 1 7 1 7 1
x + = x + x
9 4 3 9 4 9 3
(3) 2 3 1 2 3 2 1
x + = + + x
7 8 5 7 8 7 5
(4) 1 4 3 1 3 4 3
+ x = x + x
9 9 4 9 4 9 4
B. Verify the distributive law of multiplication over
subtraction in the following.
1 3 2 1 3 1 2
(1) x – = x – x
2 4 3 2 4 2 3
(2) 1 x 1
–
1
=
1
x
1
–
1
x
1
5 2 3 5 2 5 3
(3) 4 3 2 4 2 3 2
– x = x – x
5 4 3 5 3 4 3
(4) 5 x 4
–
1
=
5
x
4
–
5
x
1
6 7 2 6 7 6 2
Solve real life problems involving multiplication of fractions
Example 1. There were 56 students in class five. On a rainy
day 1 of them absent. How many were present?
8
Solution: Total number of students = 56
1 1
Number of students absent on rainy day = of 56 = x 56
8 8
7
1 56 1 x 56 1 x 7
= x = = =7
8 1 8x1 1x1
1
Total number Number of Number of
–
of students = students
students absent present
56 – 7 = 49
Hence 49 students were present on rainy day.

45 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS (Multiplication)

Example 2.
5
The engineers drilled km of a tunnel in January and drilled
1 6
only of previous drill in February. What fraction of the tunnel
6
they drilled in February?

Solution:
Engineer drilled in January = 5 km of a tunnel
6

They drilled in February 1 of the 5 km in January

6 6
5 x 1 5
= km = km
6 6 36
5 of 1 5
= means =
6 6 36
5
Thus they drilled km in February
36

EXERCISE 3.5

1. The height of a door is 2 2 metres. Out of which 1 the

3 8
part was trimmed off. How much was trimmed off?

2. On Monday one-tenth of the total number of students

were on leave. If the total number of the students are
enrolled 550. How many students were present?

3. A surgeon advised an operating room technician to

arrange 12 drips of dextrose solution. The hospital has
only 2 of the required dextrose. How many drips are
3
available in the hospital?

46 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS

4. A lady used 1 of 50 kg of wheat for making bread. If she

5
makes bread twice a day, then how much wheat will be used?
5. Find the price of 13 dozen of eggs; if the price of one
egg is Rs 9 1 .
2
6. A lady bought 5 2 metres of cltoh. She used 1 of the
5 3
cloth in making a TV cover. How much cloth she used?
7. A cooler holds 8 bottles of water. If one bottle is holding
2 1 litre water, find the capacity of full cooler.
2
8. What is the total length of the cloth? If it consists of 12
pieces of cloth and each piece is of length 1 1 metres.
2
2
9. The cost of 1 kg potatoes is Rs 45. Find the cost of 15
4
kg of that potatoes.
1
10. A piece of wire is 8 metre long. Find the total length
3
of wire, if there are 13 1 such small pieces.
5
3.3 DIVISION
Divide a fraction by a number
If we divide a circle into four equal parts.
How many quarters are in one whole?
That is 1 ¸ 1 = 4
1 4
Or 1 x 4 = 1 x 4 = 4 quarters.
1 1 1x1
Here, 4 is reciprocal of 1
1 4
Again how many quarters in one half?

Teacher should explain the students to divide a fraction by a whole

Teacher’s Note number we need to multiply by the reciprocal of the numbers.

47 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS (Division)

EXERCISE 3.6
A. Write the reciprocals of each of the following.

(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 1 (4) 1 (5) 1

3 5 10

(6) 3 (7) 2 6 (8) 1 8 (9) 2 1 (10) 4 2

4 7 5 3 3
B. Solve.
1 ¸ 5 2 ¸ 3 ¸ 4 ¸
(1) (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 8
2 6 3 4 5
5 ¸ 4 ¸ 7 ¸ 8 ¸
(5) 10 (6) 12 (7) 14 (8) 24
6 5 8 9
2 ¸ 1 ¸ 1 ¸ 1 ¸
(9) 2 36 (10) 1 20 (11) 2 55 (12) 3 5
5 9 5 3

Divide a fraction by another fraction (proper, improper

and mixed)
To divide a fraction by another fraction is to multiply the first
fraction by the reciprocal of another given fraction. Consider
the following examples.

Example 1. Divide 9 by 3
16 4

Solution: 9 ¸ 3 = 9 x 4 ( 4 is reciprocal of 3 )
16 4 16 3 3 4
3 1
9 x 4
= 9x4 =
16 x 3 4
16 x 31

= 3x1 = 3
4x1 4

49 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS (Division)

Example 2. Divide 7 by 5
4 4
Solution: 7 ¸ 5 = 7 x 4
4 4 4 5
1
= 7x4 = 7x4 = 7 = 1 2
4x5 4x5 5 5
1

Hence, 7 ¸ 5 = 1 2
4 4 5
Example 3. Divide 2 5 by 2 1
8 3
Solution: First we change mixed fraction into improper fraction.
2 5 ¸ 2 1 = 2x8+5 ¸ 2x3+1
8 3 8 3
= 16 + 5 ¸ 6 + 1 = 21 ¸ 7 = 21 x 3
8 3 8 3 8 7
3
= 21 x 3 = 3 x 3 = 9 = 1 1
8 x 71 8x1 8 8
Thus, 2 5 ¸ 2 1 = 1 1
8 3 8
EXERCISE 3.7
Solve the following.
(1) 1 ¸ 3 (2) 7 ¸ 4 (3) 3 ¸ 15
2 4 6 9 4 16
(4) 9 ¸ 81 (5) 1 ¸ 1 (6) 11 ¸ 11
7 14 6 12 22 22
(7) 16 ¸ 4 (8) 20 ¸ 40 (9) 11 ¸ 1
9 3 30 30 4 4
(10) 2 ¸ 4 3 (11) 8 1 ¸ 3 1 (12) 2 1 ¸ 1 1
3 4 2 2 5 6
(13) 9 3 ¸ 2 1 (14) 3 8 ¸ 1 1 (15) 10 1 ¸ 4 3
5 4 9 9 9 4

50 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS (Division)

Solve real life problems involving division of fractions

Example 1. How many half metre pieces can be cut from a
stick which is 12 1 metres long?
2
1 1
Solution: Length of stick = 12 m (Dividend 12
2 2
a mixed fraction)
1 1
Length of one of the required piece = m (Divisor is
2 2
proper fraction)
1 ¸ 1 25 ¸ 1
Total numbers of pieces = 12 =
2 2 2 2
(Reciprocal of 1 is 2 )
2 1
1
25 2 25 x 2
= x = 25
2 1 2x1 =
Thus, we get 25 pieces. 1

EXERCISE 3.8
1
1. Talib buys 10 kg tomatoes for Rs 210. What is the
2
price of 1 kg of tomatoes?
2. One-fifth of the 35 cars in the parking area are blue. How
many blue cars are there in the parking area?
3. Naila buys 7 m piece of a lace. She wants to make its
3
small pieces at length 1 m. How many pieces can be
12
made?
3
4. The camp cook made 1 kg of baked beans. Each
4
serving of beans is 1 kg. How many servings of beans
4
did the cook make?

51 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS (Division)

1
5. A road is 50 metre long. Half of it was damaged in rain.
2
How much road is safe?

6. Rehan bought 82 1 metre cloth. He used this cloth for

2
making uniform of 15 children of equal size. How much is
cloth used in each dress?
1
7. A plastic drum holds 49 litres drinking water. How
2
many bottles holding 1 1 litres of drinking water can be
2
filled from it?
8. A boy completes 8 3 km in 2 1 hours on bicycle in a
4 2
race. How much distance does he complete in 1 hour?

3.4 SIMPLIFY EXPRESSIONS INVOLVING

FRACTIONS USING BODMAS RULE
We know that in BODMAS, B stands for Brackets, O stands
for Of, D stands for Division, M stands for Multiplication, A
stands for Addition and S stands for Subtraction.

Preference of solving brackets is as follows:

(i) ( ) parentheses, (ii) { } curly brackets and
(iii) [ ] square brackets.
To simplify the order of operation using BODMAS rule as;
first of all start solving inside the ‘Brackets’ in following order:
( ), { } and [ ].
Next solve the mathematical operations first, ‘Of’. Next to
calculate ‘Division’ and ‘Multiplication’. In last ‘Addition’ and
‘Subtraction’ are performed.

52 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS

EXERCISE 3.9
(1) 3 2 1 1 (2) 1 8 2
+ x 4 ¸ 3 x +
4 9 3 4 4 3 7

(3) 1 3 7 – 1 (4) 1 1
+ x1 3 – 1 x2
2 4 33 3 6 4

(5) 4 3 1 3
– x +
5 10 2 4

(6) 1 3 3 1 1
2 ¸ x – +
2 4 7 4 8

(7) 3 4 3 1 2
1 x – + 2 ¸ 1
5 3 4 3 7
(8) 1 3 1 1 1
1 + 2 x 3 ¸ 2 – 7
6 4 3 4 2

(9) 3 5 3 1
1 of – 2 + 1
5 6 7 5
(10) 5 + 8 x 10 + 5
4 3 3 2
(11) 20 + 5 of 9 – 1 2 x 1
3 5
(12) 4 1 + 5 1 of 3 –2
2
2 3 3

REVIEW EXERCISE 3
(1) Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.
(i) 4 2 is an example of an improper fraction.
3
(ii) 1 ¸ 3 = 1
3 1 9
(iii) The lowest form of 12 = 1
4 3

54 Maths-5
Unit 3 FRACTIONS

(iv) 3 – 1 = 1
4 2 4
(v) 1 , 2 , 3 are equivalent fractions.
3 6 9
(vi) The reciprocal of 2 1 is 2 .
2 5
(vii) 3 of a dozen is 9.
4

(viii) 1 1 m equal to 150 cm.

2
(2) Solve the following.
3
(i) Five ball points are bought for Rs 50 . Find the price
4
of one ball point.
(ii) Afzal and Fazila bought a chocolate bar. Afzal got 2 and
5
Fazila got 3 . Who got more and by how much?
10
(iii) Find the price of 2 dozen packets of biscuit, if the price of
one packet is Rs 12 1 .
2
1 7
(iv) Shumaila buys 2 m ribbon. She used 1 m of it.
4 8
How much ribbon is left?
3
(v) 75 kg of tea is packed into packets. Each packet
4
3
contains kg of tea. How many packets are needed to
8
fill the tea?
(vi) At a charity show each student in a school purchases a
3
ticket costing Rs 30 . If the amount collected is
4
Rs 24600. Find the number of tickets sold.
(vii) Solve. (a) 2 1 – 16 1 7 of 2 2 + 1 1
3 5 8 15 8
(b) 3 + 3 of 3 3 – 3 x 3
4 4 4 4 4 4

55 Maths-5