CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY MATHEMATICS 5: TEACHER ’ S RESOURCE

Workbook answers
Unit 1 The number system
Exercise 1.1 12 Odd one out is 368.4. All the others are
equivalent to 36.84.
Focus
1 1.9 and 0.19
Challenge
13 a 3 tenths b 3 hundredths
2 a 15.37 b 105.05 c 34.34
14 23.5, 2.35, 25.3, 2.53, 32.5, 3.25, 35.2, 3.52,
3 a
75 5.23, 5.32
× 100
15 a 10 b 100 c 100
× 1000 7500 d 10 e 100 f 100
16 3.9
× 10
75 000 17 a $150 b $1.90 c $75
18 Marcus’s number could have more tenths;
for example Arun could write 0.59 and
b
25 000 Marcus 0.67.
× 10

÷ 10 250 000
Exercise 1.2
Focus
÷ 100
2500 1 34.4 rounded to the nearest whole number
is 34.

4 2 36.4
4 tens
5 tenths 3 9.9 10.1
6 hundredths 8.5
10.7
7 ones
7.4
8.2 9.4 11.5
5 0.5
7 8 9 10 11 12
Practice
6 Ring around 0.05. 4 Any number with 1 decimal place from
0.5 to 1.4.
7 0.36
Any number with 1 decimal place from
8 0.1 and 0.04 9.5 to 10.4.

9 Any two regrouped versions. For example: Practice

30 + 0.54, 3054 hundredths, 3 tens and 5 a 4 cm b 7 cm
54 hundredths etc.
c 10 cm d 9 cm
10 3330
6 19.5
11 a 720 b 75 c 42.8
7 a 99.5 b 100.4
d 2.7 e 1.51 f 0.66

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Challenge 9 More than one possible solution. Clues should

define or describe these words:
8 BELT
Across Down
9 20.3
4 tessellates 1 isosceles
10 2.4 and 4.4
6 scalene 2 angle
11 Rounds to 3 Rounds to 4 Rounds to 5
3 side
3.3 3.5 3.7 4.5 4.9
3.9 4.4 5 triangle

Unit 2 2D shape and Exercise 2.2

Focus
pattern 1
Exercise 2.1
Focus
1 Yes, two of the sides are equal length.
2 C, D and F
3 A a acute b right angle c acute
B a acute b obtuse c acute
2 Equilateral circled.
C a acute b acute c acute
3
Practice
4 Sketch of a scalene triangle.
5 a 50° angles circled.
b 45° angles circled.
c 55° angles circled.
d 59° angles circled.
6 a The sides of an equilateral triangle are all
equal in length.
b The angles of an equilateral triangle are
all equal.

Challenge 4
7 a Sketch of isosceles triangle with two sides
of 6 cm and a shorter side.
b Sketch of isosceles triangle with two sides
of 6 cm and a longer side.

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Practice 10 a More than one possible answer,

for example:
5 a 1 line of symmetry drawn.
b No lines of symmetry drawn.
c No lines of symmetry drawn.
d 1 line of symmetry drawn.
e 3 lines of symmetry drawn.
6

c 4

Unit 3 Numbers and

sequences
Exercise 3.1
Challenge Focus
8 Completed pattern should have two lines of 1 −2 because each term is found by
symmetry along the diagonal lines on the subtracting 2.
diagram.
9 a 2
b Circle in the centre of the chessboard.
c Cross anywhere on the chessboard except
along the diagonals of the board.
d Triangle in any position along the
diagonals of the board, but not in
the centre.

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2 a b
Pattern number Number of
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 hexagons
1 10
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2 13

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 3 16
4 19
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
c Add 3
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 d 31 hexagons

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 9 105
The numbers that they both say must be
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
multiples of both 3 and 5. The first number
greater than 100 that is a multiple of both 3
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
and 5 is 105.
b The multiples form diagonal lines. 10 6, 10, 14
c No 11 4 and 9
3 a 7, 9, 11, 13
Exercise 3.2
b 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17
c Add 2 Focus
1
Practice
4 −8
5 79, 70, (61, 52,) 43
6 a

b Pattern number Number of sticks

1 6 square numbers
2 11 2
3 16
4 21

c Add 5
d 51 sticks
7 1030

Challenge
triangular numbers
8 a
3 a 36 and 49 b 15 and 21

Practice
4 a square
b 10 + 15 = 25
15 + 21 = 36

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5 64 6 Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5 and 15. A prime

number has only two factors.
6 a 9 b 4 c 49
7 a 64, 4, 100, 81, 9 Challenge
b Yes. 49 is a square number so she can 7 Prime number 1 is 19.
make a 7 by 7 square.
Prime number 2 is 13.
Challenge 8 A counter example, for example:
8 3 × 5 = 15 16 42 = 16 • 1 more than 24 is 25 which is a
square number
4 × 6 = 24 25 52 = 25
• 1 more than 54 is 55 which is a multiple
5 × 7 = 35 36 62 = 36
of 5.
9 a 1 + 9 = 10 b 4 + 16 = 20 9 67, 71, 73
c 4 + 36 = 40 10
d 25 + 25 = 50 or 1 + 49 = 50 Triangular Prime
numbers numbers
e 16 + 64 = 80 f 9 + 81 = 90 5 7 11
1 3
g 36 + 64 = 100 15 13 17 19
10 55 2
10
6
Even
Exercise 3.3 numbers
Focus 4 12 16 20
9
8 14 18
1 P
2

Prime Composite
numbers numbers Unit 4 Averages
2 5 4
3
6 Exercise 4.1
Focus
3 A number with only two factors is called a 1 a 8 b 7 c 3
prime number.
2 a 109, 117, 118, 120, 121
Practice b 118
4 3 a 24 b 23
2 4 6 8 13
4 a 11 b 12
3 23 29 71 65
Practice
1 51 45 7 5 5 First put the numbers in order from smallest
to greatest.
15 92 25 1 2 Then find the middle number. The middle
number is the median of the data.
31 37 16 14 11 6 A and D ticked.
7 Any set of numbers where the most frequent
5 a 2+7 is 8 and the middle number is 9 when the
numbers are put in order.
b 19 + 31 or 7 + 43 or 13 + 37 or 47 + 3

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8 a 1 b 3 2 2.4
3.7
c The median would describe the scores
3.4
better because although three people gave
the book a score of 1, everyone else gave 4.2
the book a higher score. The median of 3 5.8
represents this better. 5.4

6.3
Challenge 7.6
9 a 10 b 4 7.3

c 30, 33 or 29 (if learner gives another 3 a 8.4 b 5.9

number that is not already in the set then 4 0.5 + 0.5 = 1
it is a correct answer, but it will mean
the data has no mode. This situation is Practice
considered fully in later stages).
5 a 11.49 b 3.33
d 106
6 6.55
e Any three different numbers except 4.
7 Accept any reasoned answer.
10 a A set of five numbers which contain
3, 3, 4 and two other larger numbers. Learners are critiquing (TWM.07) when they
evaluate the two methods and say which is the
b Two more sets of five numbers most efficient.
which contain 3, 3, 4 and two other
larger numbers. 8 A small triangle has a value of 2.
c They all include 3, 3 and 4. The other two Challenge
numbers are greater than 4.
9 0.42 + 0.58 or 0.52 + 0.48
11 Learners should explain or demonstrate that
for the mode to be 3, two of the numbers must 10 3.43
be 3. This means that the middle of the set
11
of numbers when they are put in order will 2 2 8
be 3 and so in this situation the median will
always be 3.
+ 2 7 2

Unit 5 Addition and 5 0 0

subtraction
12 More than one possibility, for example:
Exercise 5.1
0.1
Focus
1 0.5
0.6 0.9 0.9

0.3 0.2
0.5
0.8 0.4
0.8 0.7
0.1 0.7

0.2 0.3

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13 15 cents
Unit 6 3D Shapes
Exercise 5.2
Exercise 6.1
Focus
Focus
1 a −8 b −1 c −6
1 A and C circled.
2 a −2 b 2
2 a More than one solution possible, e.g.
3 a −4 b −6 c 3
Practice
4 a 820 b 3955
5 −35
6 a −7 b −3   

7 5 °C b   

Challenge
8 a −1 °C b −2 °C
9 3 A – iv
addition subtraction
calculation calculation B–i
positive C – iii
D A
answer
D – ii
negative
E B C
answer 4 a Shape A is a triangular prism.
It has 5 faces, 9 edges and 6 vertices.
10 a −4 °C b 5 b Shape B is a tetrahedron or a triangle-
11 a −401    −302    −203    −104    −5    94    193 based pyramid.
The ones digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3. It has 4 faces, 6 edges and 4 vertices.
They increase by 1 each time until the c Shape C is a cuboid.
numbers become positive and then they
It has 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.
decrease by 1 each time.
b Learner’s own answers. Sample questions: Practice
• What would happen if I started 5 A, C and D crossed out.
at −400? (The ones digits would be 6 Any three colours may be used, but faces with
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4.) the same letter as shown should be coloured
• What would happen if I started the same.
at −100? (The ones digits would be
0, 1, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4.) x
When the numbers are negative the ones
digits increase by 1 each time. When y z y z
the numbers are positive the ones digits
x
decrease by 1 each time.

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7 a 9 A and H
B and G
C and D
E and F
J and K
L and M
N and I
10 a Sketch of a triangle or square.
b Sketch of two triangles joined along one
side or one square and one triangle joined
along one side.
b More than one solution possible, e.g. c Sketch of four triangles (square-based
pyramid from ‘above’).

Unit 7 Fractions,
decimals and
percentages
Exercise 7.1
Focus
1
1
4
2
2 Show divisions to give the answer .
5
Challenge
3 a 27 b 16 c 20
8 The possible nets are:
Practice
4 Learner should draw two different shapes,
each made up of three of the original shape.
One possible answer:

15 rectangles are in the whole shape.

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5 8, 16, 24, 8, 16 b
Possible answers could include:
• All calculations include a fraction
in sevenths. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
• All answers are even numbers. 2 a 9% and 9 squares shaded
• Some calculations have the same answer,
b 50% and 50 squares shaded
for example:
1 2 c 25% and 25 squares shaded
• of 56 = 7 of 28 because 28 is half of
7
3 15, 35, 50, 95, 75, 17, 8, 25, 5, 55
2 1
56 and is double . P
7 7
2 4
• of 56 = of 28 because 28 is half of 1% 99% 35% 75% 8%
7 7
4 2
56 and is double .
7 7 40% 70% 25% 100% 17%
3
6 a ✗ of 30 litres = 9 litres
10 12% 44% 15% 95% 5%
b ✓
5 20% 38% 50% 34% 30%
c ✗ of 24 litres = 15 litres
8
7 1
of 40 90% 60% 55% 65% 4%
2

Answer less than 20

2
Practice
5 of 60 9
4 Incorrect: , 0.9, 9 tenths and
Answer equal to 20 10
3
4 of 16

Answer more than 20

2
3 of 30 Marcus has confused 9% and 90%.
Per cent means out of a hundred so
Challenge 9% =
9
or 0.09 or 9 hundredths.
100
8 180
5 0.2
9 Zara has confused multiplication and division.
7 7
She should say ‘To find of 100, I divide by 10
10 0.3
10 and multiply by 7.’
The answer is 70.
10 23 stickers 0.4
1
11 Use Zara’s, Arun’s or Marcus’s method as they 2
give the correct answer (32).
0.5
Do not use Sofia’s method which gives the
wrong answer (2).
0.6
Exercise 7.2 3
10
Focus
0.7
1 a

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

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5 50 1 4 Fraction Decimal Percentage

6 a or or and 50% in the circles.
10 100 2
1
b 0.8 and 80% in the circles. 0.1 10%
10

Challenge 6
0.6 60%
10
7 a 30%
3
7 0.3 30%
b or equivalent 10
10
3
6 0.75 75%
8 a 4
10
b 0.6 and 60% 5
0.5 50%
10
1 10 15
9 a 10% 2
10 100 150
0.2 20%
10
3 75 30
75% 4
4 100 40
0.4 40%
10
1 25 50
25% 10
4 100 200
1 100%
10
1 60 50
50% 1
2 120 100
0.25 25%
b 4

8
Fraction Equivalent fractions Percentage 0.8 80%
10
3 Any A different 30%
correct correct 1
10 0.5 50%
answer answer 2

9
0.9 90%
Exercise 7.3 10

7
Focus 0.7 70%
10
1 a 1.9, 2.7, 3.4, 3.5, 5.3
1 2 3 4 6 Practice
b , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7
5 7 5 6
2 10 1 2 4 2 3
2 a 2 = (accept 2 for 2 )
4 4 2 4

3 18
b 3 =
5 5
5 1 0 1 2 3
3 0.5 = =
10 2
1 4 1
4 1 6 a 1 b 1 c 3
< 0.5 0.6 > 4 5 3
10 2
2 1 1 3 1
d 1 or 1 e 2 f 1 or 1
4 2 3 6 2
25
7 and 0.25 circled.
100

8 a < b = c >

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Challenge 5 a False b True

2 4 40 25 c False d True
9 = = and 25% =
5 10 100 100 e True
2 4 40
or = = = 40% 6 Answers will depend on learner’s results.
5 10 100
(Winning and losing are not equally likely.
25% < 40% For example, there are more black counters
10 1 than white counters so it is more likely that
16 34 4
10 15 the learner will take a black counter. This
means that there is a greater chance of moving
right rather than left and a greater chance of
winning rather than losing.)
3.25
2.75
2
25 Challenge
7 More than one possible solution. For example,
3 the spinner could be coloured or labelled
2.4 24
7
2 10 1 1 1 1
red, orange, blue, pink.
3.5 2 4 8 8

8 There is one outcome for ‘1’ and two other

equally likely outcomes, so the chance of
1.8 the spinner landing on ‘1’ is unlikely, not an
even chance.
7 2.7
2 1.6
1 3
Exercise 8.2
11 a 0.2  30%     0.7  
2 4 Focus
1 3
b   0.3  45%  0.5   1 Learner’s own answers. Answers will depend
5 5 on learner’s prediction and experiment.
2 B and D circled.
Unit 8 Probability Mia could not be using bag E because bag E
does not have any letter ‘A’s and she has taken
Exercise 8.1 ‘A’s out of the bag.
Focus
Practice
1 impossible even chance certain
3 No, Marcus is not correct. There is an even
chance of flipping either a head or a tail on
the next flip.
unlikely likely
4 There are several possible solutions.
All solutions have half of the cards with
2 The likelihood of Arun taking a red apple squares on and an equal number of triangles
is certain. and circles.
The likelihood of Arun taking a green apple The outcomes recorded and the sentences
is impossible. written will depend on the learner’s choice of
3 A, C, E and F circled. shapes and the results of their experiment.

Practice Challenge
4 D F B E AC 5 a Learner should draw 5 balls in the bag
with at least one each of red, green
and yellow.
impossible unlikely even likely certain
chance

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b There must be at least one each of red, Challenge

green and yellow because red, green and 1
yellow balls were taken out of the bag. 10
8
The learner should justify their choice of
3
colour for the other two balls, for example, 11
‘I have drawn an orange ball in the bag 8
as just because no orange balls have been 12 Accept any reasoned answer, for example:
pulled out of the bag yet it does not mean
A – the denominators are even. In B and C,
there are not orange balls’ or ‘I have
the denominators are odd.
drawn two red balls and two yellow balls
because more of them have been taken out B – the only answer that is a proper fraction.
of the bag so it is likely that there are more C – the denominators are the same. In A and
red and yellow balls than green balls.’ B one denominator is a multiple of the other
denominator.
6 Spinner drawn should show bronze, silver
and gold in equal proportions. Answers will 13 a 5 b 5
depend on learner’s experiments. 1
14
8

Unit 9 Addition and

Unit 10 Angles
subtraction of fractions
Exercise 10.1
Exercise 9.1
Focus
Focus
1 B, C and E circled.
7 5 8
1 a b c 2 a 40° b 160° c 290°
8 8 8
9 5 3 3 a 10° b 80° c 130°
2 a b c
12 6 12
17 1 Practice
3 a b
12 12 4 a A b B c B
7 1
4 a b 5 acute angle
8 8 obtuse angle
reflex angle
Practice
right angle acute angle
8 21 16
5 a b c obtuse angle
15 12 12
1 5 8
6 a b c 6 Reflex, less, 90°, Obtuse, less, 180°
6 20 12
11
7 a 50° b 40°
7 hour
8 c 90° d 100°
9
8
10
Challenge
3 2 3 8 11 8 Angles X and Y are both 32°.
9 a + = + =
12 3 12 12 12 180° − 116° = 64° and 64° ÷ 2 = 32°
2 3 8 3 5
b − = − = 9 60°
3 12 12 12 12
10 Learner’s own answer (poster).

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Unit 11 Multiplication b
28 672

and division
448 64
Exercise 11.1
Focus
28 16 4
1 1792 km
2
128 12 75 × 20 or 20 × 75

16 8 13 4.32 km

8 2 4 Exercise 11.2
Focus
3 152 × 7 = 1064 1 103, 112 and 121 circled.
4 79 × 60 = 4740 beats 2 40, 80, 120 and 160

Practice 3 27

5 396 seats 4 Less than Between More than

6 a 4698 b 3528 10 10 and 20 20
81 ÷ 9 84 ÷ 6 105 ÷ 5
7 13 × 13 = 169 and 31 × 31 = 961
120 ÷ 8
The digits in the two answers are the same.
961 is the reverse of 169. 5 Yes. Remainder 1 means there is 1 left over.
136 is 1 more than 135 which is a multiple
8 Sofia has made mistakes.
of 5.
• She has not estimated her answer before
calculating it. Practice
• She has not carried figures on the middle 6 Zara is right because a remainder of 1 can be
two lines of working. shown as a fraction with 1 as the numerator
• To improve her work, Sofia should check and the number you are dividing by (the
her answer against an estimate. divisor), which is 4, as the denominator.
The correct answer is 5168. 2 3 6
7 a 18 b 22 c 13
5 4 7
Challenge 2 7 1
8 a 63 b 70 c 157
9 42 × 30 or 30 × 42 5 8 6

10 a 15 276 b 30 494 Challenge

11 a 9 4
8092
10 5
11 24 packs (do not accept 185 ÷ 8 = 23.125)
119 68

7 17 4

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Exercise 11.3
Unit 12 Data
Focus
1 96, 1044, 132
Exercise 12.1
2 3 Focus
1 a 5 b 8 c False
3
divisible by 4 2 a Strawberry 8
Chocolate 11
604 Vanilla 3
36 divisible by 8 Mint 7
b A bar chart showing favourite
400 flavours of ice cream

116 14
64

Number of people
12

28 10
8
101 6
4
2
4
divisible by 8 not divisible by 8 0 Strawberry

Chocolate

Vanilla

Mint
odd 37 101

Ice cream flavours

not odd 48 96 54 78

3 a First grid circled.

Practice b The grid has 20 squares and there are
20 pieces of data (birds).
5 No.
c Each square on the key is coloured a
Learner gives a counter example, for example
different colour.
14 ends in 4 but 14 is not divisible by 4, or
explains that the tens digit must be even for d Grid coloured according to the colours
the number to be divisible by 4. If the tens in the key: sparrow 10, robin 5, pigeon 2,
digit is odd, the number is not divisible by 4. crow 3.

6 593 132 or 593 136 Practice

7 a 67 432, 444, 7696, 1748, 624 4
b 67 432, 7696, 624 Favourite
sport is Favourite
Challenge football colour is red
Marcus
8 24 and 48
Sofia Zara
9 582 176 Rajiv
Lou Pablo
10 23 + 57 = 80 or 53 + 27 = 80
Arun
Sarah

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5 a Number of Tally Frequency d Learner’s own answers

pencils e Learner’s own answer
1 IIII I 6
Challenge
2 IIII II 7
8 a –10 °C
3 IIII 5
4 III 3 b 2 °C (1 °C also acceptable)

5 II 2 c –34 °C (–33 °C also acceptable)

6 III 3 d The temperatures represented in the
graph should match the temperatures in
the table.
b Dot plot showing the number of
A bar chart showing the average
pencils in children’s pencil cases temperatures in Cambridge Bay, Canada
10
5

temperature (°C)
8
0
–5

Average
7 –10
–15
6 –20
–25
5 –30
Frequency

–35
4

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
3
2
Month
1
e The bars go up and then back down.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 a
Number of pencils
Colour Frequency Fraction Percentage
6 a The rainfall goes up then back down. 100 50
Red 100 = 50%
200 100
b The rainfall goes down then back up.
(The learner might also describe the dip 50 25
Yellow 50 = 25%
on the graph for February.) 200 100
c Possible answers include: 30 15
Green 30 = 15%
The highest amount of average monthly 200 100
rainfall in Perth is about 165 mm, in 20 10
Tehran it is only about 37 mm. Orange 20 = 10%
200 100
June, July and August are the months with
the most rainfall in Perth and some of the b Key completed with four different colours
months with the least rainfall in Tehran. for the four colours of sweets.
Grid coloured according to key:
The month with the most rainfall in
red 50 squares, yellow 25 squares,
Perth is June. The months with the most
green 15 squares, orange 10 squares.
rainfall in Tehran are January, March
and December.
Exercise 12.2
7 a Waffle diagram of 24 squares. The squares
coloured according to the learner’s key: Focus
12 beach, 1 city, 1 mountain, 4 forest, 1 a 8 b 14 c 36
6 ocean.
d The graph goes up, then back down.
b 50%
2 a 7 cm b 5 weeks c 6 cm
1
c
4

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Practice b
A frequency diagram showing the age
3 a 5 b 70 c False of people visiting a swimming pool
d The tallest category is 140 cm to less
than 150 cm so none of the children 10
were 150 cm. 9
e There are 5 children who are 110 cm or 8
more, but less than 120 cm. It is possible 7
that one or more of the 5 children could 6
be 110 cm, but none of them might be

Frequency
5
exactly 110 cm. 4
4 Day 1: 22 mm, Day 2: 67 mm, Day 3: 83 mm, 3
Day 5: 115 mm, Day 6: 130 mm, Day 7: 141 mm 2
Height of plant 1
150 0
140 10 20 30 40 50 60
130 Age (years)
120
110 6 The information in the graph should match
100 this table:
Height (mm)

90
80 Time Shadow length (cm)
70
60 9 a.m. 21
50 10 a.m. 14.5
40
30 11 a.m. 9
20 12 p.m. 5.5
10
0 1 p.m. 8.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 p.m. 13.5
Days

Estimate between 90 mm and 100 mm.

Challenge
5 a

Age group (years) Tally Frequency

0 to less than 10 IIII 4
10 to less than 20 IIII IIII 9
20 to less than 30 III 3
30 to less than 40 IIII 5
40 to less than 50 II 2
50 to less than 60 III 3

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A line graph showing the height 3 a 6:4

of a stick’s shadow
b Learner’s own answer (drawing) which
22 shows a quarter of the beads as red.
21 c Learner’s own answer (drawing)
20 which shows 2 pink beads for every 3
green beads.
19
18 Practice
17 3
16 4 or 30%
10
15
5 Correct Not correct
14
Shadow length (cm)

13 ADE BCF
12
6 Bruno.
11
Picture of a necklace with 3 black beads for
10 every 1 white bead.
9
7 Pattern A Pattern B
8
7 E, G, H, I, J A, C, D, F
6
Statement B is not used.
5
4 Challenge
3 8 a False b False c True
2
9 a A – black
1
B – black
0
C – grey
9 a.m.

10 a.m.

11 a.m.

12 p.m.

1 p.m.

2 p.m.

D – black
Time 3
b 3 in every 5 or
5
The shadow was approximately 11 cm at half
past 1. 2
c 2 in every 5 or
5

Unit 13 Ratio and 10 a 2:4:4

4
b 4:4:2
2
proportion c
10
or 40% d
10
or 20%

11 Zara has confused ratio and proportion. She

Exercise 13.1 saw one triangle and three circles which is the
Focus ratio of triangles to circles equal to 1 : 3. She
should have written 1 in every 4 shapes which
6 3
1 a or is a proportion.
16 8
b white to brown = 6 : 10
c brown to white = 10 : 6
2 a 1  :  2 b 4  :  3
3 2
c d
7 3

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b Area 14 cm2
Unit 14 Area and Perimeter 18 cm
perimeter Challenge
Exercise 14.1 8 9 m and 19 m

Focus 9 a Rectangle 6 cm by 1 cm

1 a Two possible answers: b Rectangle 4 cm by 3 cm

c Rectangle 8 cm by 3 cm
10 Missing sides are 30 m and 12 m.
Area 1206 m2.

b Two possible answers:

Unit 15 Multiplying and
dividing fractions and
decimals
Exercise 15.1
Focus
c Two possible answers: 5
1
4
1 1 1 1 1
+ 4
+ 4
+ 4
+ 4
+ 4

0 1 2 3 4 5
4 4 4 4 4
2 a 9 km b 5m
7
c 4 cm, 10 cm 2
8
3 The area of rectangle A is 24 m .
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
The area of rectangle B is 20 m .
2

The total area is 44 m2. 1

3
27
Practice
4 More than one possible answer, for example,
a rectangle that is 6 cm by 4 cm, which has a
perimeter of 20 cm and an area of 24 cm2. 1 1
4 ÷4=
5 a Perimeter = 12 m, Area = 9 m2 6 24

b Perimeter = 16 m, Area = 16 m2 Practice

c Perimeter = 20 m, Area = 25 m 2
5 1 7
5 a b c
3 12 5
6 Perimeter = 84 cm
1
Area = 320 cm2 6
6
7 a Good estimates would be between 8 cm2 1
7 6× ticked.
and 20 cm2 for the area and 14 cm to 22 cm 3
for the perimeter.

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8 START 3 a 5 b 7 c 7

1 1 1 7 1
Practice
2
÷2 8 5
×7 35 7
×4
4 a 4.8 b 31.5 c 60.8

1 5 3 5 58.1
4 7 4
6 1.8 × 6
1 3 1 1 1 Answer less than 10
2
×3 4 3
÷2 6 3
÷4
2.4 × 4
3 7 1
2 6 12 Answer equal to 10
1.8 × 5
1 1 1 6
5
÷2 10 6
×7 7 END Answer more than 10
2.5 × 4

Challenge Challenge
1 1 7 2.6 × 4 = 12.4 crossed out.
9 a b
6 9 Estimate 2 × 4 = 8 and 3 × 4 = 12 so the
answer must be between 8 and 12.
10 Arun has multiplied the numerator and the
7 8 6.5 × 4 = 26
denominator by 7. The correct answer is .
6
9 157.5 cm
2
11 10 105
12
1 1 3 1 2 11 Sally runs the greater distance.
÷3= − =
4 12 12 12 12
Zina runs 1.6 × 7 = 11.2 km
4
12 metre
5 Sally runs 1.9 × 6 = 11.4 km

Exercise 15.2
Focus Unit 16 Time
1 1.4 Exercise 16.1
2 a 0.7 × 6
Focus
7 ÷ 10 × 6 1 a 30 seconds
b 30 minutes
= 7 × 6 ÷ 10
c 1 day and 12 hours
= 42 ÷ 10
d 2 hours
= 4.2 e 1.5 minutes

b 2.9 × 7 2 a 10:15
b 11:10
29 ÷ 10 × 7
c 20 minutes
= 29 × 7 ÷ 10 d 50 minutes
= 203 ÷ 10 e 1 hour and 10 minutes
= 20.3

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3 Clock should show 1.45. Written answer 1.45, 13:45 or a quarter to 2.

Practice
4 a,  b Activities and times matched and ordered:
She picked up a pencil (0.5 seconds).
She wrote her name (2 seconds).
She swam one width of a swimming pool (0.5 minutes).
She boiled a kettle (3 minutes).
She wrote a chapter of a story (0.5 hours).
5 Room 1: 17 minutes
Room 2: 21 minutes
Room 3: 17 minutes
Room 4: 14 minutes
Room 5: 13 minutes
Tom left Room 6 at 23:11.
6 a There are 24 time zones.
b More than one possible answer including:
Russia and the USA have more than one time zone.
7 10.37 Josh
11:37 Adam
12.37 Meena
13:37 Jess

Challenge
8 a Bus A Bus B Bus C Bus D
Village 11:51 12:48 13:55 15:42
Town 12:08 13:05 14:12 15:59
City 12:32 13:29 14:36 16:23
Harbour 12:47 13:44 14:51 16:38

b Learner’s own answers.

9 Lima
2 hours São Paulo
7 hours 5 hours Cape Town
9 ½ hours 7 ½ hours 2 ½ hours Chennai
14 hours 12 hours 7 hours 4 ½ hours Tokyo
14 ½ hours 12 ½ hours 7 ½ hours 5 hours ½ hours Adelaide

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10 a 15:13 Wednesday 12 a 5 × 4 × 17 = 20 × 17 = 340

b 01:07 Sunday b 50 × 4 × 12 = 200 × 12 = 2400
c 05:28 Tuesday c 25 × 4 × 19 = 100 × 19 = 1900
d 18:39 Thursday 13 a 5 b 3 c 5
d 4 e 8 f 3

Unit 17 Number and

the laws of arithmetic Unit 18 Position and
Exercise 17.1 direction
Focus Exercise 18.1
1 a True b False c True Focus
2 4 1 (0, 2) (0, 3) (1, 2), (1, 3) (2, 2) (2, 3)
3 5 × 5 × 5 × 3 (numbers can be in any order) 2 a y
5
4 a 46 b 0 c 16
4
Practice 3
5 a Missing numbers are 2, 10, 70. 2
b Missing numbers are 20, 1, 8, 168. 1
6 48 × 19 = 48 × 20 − 48 × 1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 x
= 960 − 48
= 912 b (4, 1) and (4, 4)
7 Possible answers include:
3 a 3 squares right
2 + 3 + 5 = 10 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
2 + 3 × 5 = 17 3 + 2 × 5 = 13 b 2 squares down
5 + 2 × 3 = 11 c 3 squares left and 1 square up
8 a 8 + 12 ÷ 3 = 12 b 5 × 9 − 3 = 42
Practice
c 7+6÷3=9 d 10 ÷ 2 − 2 = 3
4 (4, 1)
9 Any reasoned answer, for example:
5 a (30, 0) b (10, 50) c (20, 20)
Tara’s method because it is easy provided you
know that 25 × 4 = 100. 6 True, False, False, True
7 right 2, down 2 left 5, down 2 right 1, down 2
Challenge
10 a Yes, because 3 × 4 = 12.
b Yes, because 4 × 2 = 8.
c No, this does not equal 12 × 8.
right 12, up 1 right 3, up 3 left 2, up 0
11 (Learners may work differently.)
a 39 × 7 = 40 × 7 − 1 × 7 = 280 − 7 = 273
b 38 × 8 = 40 × 8 − 2 × 8 = 320 − 16 = 304
c 29 × 7 = 30 × 7 − 1 × 7 = 210 −7 = 203

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Challenge
8 (7, 5) (7, 6) (6, 5) (6, 6) and (7, 7)
9 (3, 0) (3, 1) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (2, 4) (2, 0)
(4, 4) (4, 0)
10 More than one solution, for example:
9 right, 1 down
2 left, 4 down
3 right, 4 down
5 right, 4 up

Start

Finish

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