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Practical BPSK Communication Python and Theory Part3

Chapter 2 discusses essential Python libraries and functions for BPSK simulation, focusing on NumPy for numerical operations and Matplotlib for visualization. It covers array creation, random number generation, and various plotting techniques, including multi-panel figures and different plot types. Additionally, it introduces signal processing functions from SciPy for upsampling, FIR filtering, and power spectral density estimation.

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19 views3 pages

Practical BPSK Communication Python and Theory Part3

Chapter 2 discusses essential Python libraries and functions for BPSK simulation, focusing on NumPy for numerical operations and Matplotlib for visualization. It covers array creation, random number generation, and various plotting techniques, including multi-panel figures and different plot types. Additionally, it introduces signal processing functions from SciPy for upsampling, FIR filtering, and power spectral density estimation.

Uploaded by

wshafi221
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 2: Python Functions & Modules

This chapter covers the core Python libraries and functions used in the BPSK simulation, with
illustrative code examples and plots.

2.1 NumPy: Core Numerical Engine

2.1.1 Array Creation & Memory Layout

 np.arange(start, stop, step): Creates a 1D array without Python loops.


 np.zeros(shape) / np.ones(shape): Fast pre-allocation of arrays.
 Views vs. Copies: Slicing returns a view (no new memory), while functions like
np.copy() force a copy.

python
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# Example: time vector for filter design
sps = 8
span = 10
N = span * sps
t = np.arange(-N, N+1) / float(sps)
print(t[:5], t[-5:]) # first and last five samples

Figure 2.1: Illustration of a NumPy arange array for filter time indices.
(Insert your generated plot here.)

2.1.2 Random Number Generation

Use the new Generator API for reproducibility:

python
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rng = np.random.default_rng(seed=42)
bits = rng.integers(0, 2, size=16)
noise = rng.standard_normal(size=1000)

2.2 Matplotlib: Visualization Library

2.2.1 Creating Multi-Panel Figures

python
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(8, 6), constrained_layout=True)
axs = axs.flatten()
for ax in axs:
ax.grid(True)
plt.show()

2.2.2 Plot Types & Styling

 Line plots: ax.plot(x, y, '-o', markersize=4)


 Semilog plots: ax.semilogy(f, Pxx)
 Scatter plots: ax.scatter(x, y, s=20)
 Stem plots: ax.stem(indices, values, basefmt=' ', markerfmt='C0o')

python
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# Example: PSD line and markers
f = np.linspace(-0.5, 0.5, 512)
Pxx = np.abs(np.fft.fftshift(np.random.randn(512)))
axs[0].semilogy(f, Pxx, '-o', markersize=3)

Figure 2.2: Semilog PSD plot with markers.


(Insert your generated plot here.)

2.3 scipy.signal.upfirdn: Upsampling & FIR Filtering

 Signature: y = upfirdn(h, x, up, down=1)


 Upsampling: Inserts (up - 1) zeros between samples of x.
 Filtering: Convolves the upsampled sequence with h in one call.

python
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from scipy.signal import upfirdn
# Impulse train (h=[1])
imp = upfirdn([1], symbols, up=sps)
# Pulse shaping (h=rrc_taps)
tx = upfirdn(rrc_taps, symbols, up=sps)

2.4 scipy.signal.lfilter: FIR Filtering / Matched Filter

 Signature: y = lfilter(b, a, x, zi=None)


 Matched Filter: b = rrc_taps, a = 1.0 for FIR.
 Initial Conditions: Use zi to set filter memory if required.

python
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from scipy.signal import lfilter
mf_out = lfilter(rrc_taps, [1.0], rx_signal)

2.5 scipy.signal.welch: Power Spectral Density Estimation

 Signature: f, Pxx = welch(x, fs, window, nperseg, noverlap)


 Procedure: Split x into overlapping segments, apply window, compute FFT, average.
python
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from scipy.signal import welch
f, Pxx = welch(tx_signal, fs=1.0, nperseg=1024, window='hann', noverlap=512)
axs[1].semilogy(f - 0.5, np.fft.fftshift(Pxx), '-o', markersize=3)

Figure 2.3: Welch’s PSD estimate plotted on a semilog axis.


(Insert your generated plot here.)

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