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Practical BPSK Communication Python and Theory Part 5

Chapter 4 provides a detailed breakdown of the Python script bpsk_practice.py, including line-by-line commentary on imports, parameter definitions, and various functions such as the RRC filter and transmitter section. It covers the implementation of an AWGN channel, matched filtering, decision-making, BER computation, and plotting routines. Each section includes explanations of key concepts, implementation choices, and performance considerations.

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26 views3 pages

Practical BPSK Communication Python and Theory Part 5

Chapter 4 provides a detailed breakdown of the Python script bpsk_practice.py, including line-by-line commentary on imports, parameter definitions, and various functions such as the RRC filter and transmitter section. It covers the implementation of an AWGN channel, matched filtering, decision-making, BER computation, and plotting routines. Each section includes explanations of key concepts, implementation choices, and performance considerations.

Uploaded by

wshafi221
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 4: Detailed Code Breakdown

This chapter provides a thorough, line-by-line commentary of the Python script


bpsk_practice.py, covering all major sections and implementation decisions.
Approximately 10–12 pages of code excerpts with explanatory notes.

4.1 Imports & Parameter Definitions


python
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import numpy as np # array & math operations
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # plotting functions
from scipy.signal import upfirdn, lfilter, welch

# Simulation parameters
nbits = 1000 # number of bits
sps = 8 # samples per symbol
span = 10 # filter half-length
alpha = 0.35 # RRC roll-off
EbN0_dB = np.arange(0,11,2) # Eb/N₀ range (dB)
EbN0_demo= 6 # single Eb/N₀ for constellation demo

Comments explain the role and typical values of each import and parameter.

4.2 RRC Filter Function Implementation


python
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def rrc_filter(alpha, sps, span):
# Calculate filter taps (length=2*span*sps+1)
N = span * sps
t = np.linspace(-N, N, 2*N+1) / float(sps)
h = np.zeros_like(t)
for i, ti in enumerate(t):
if ti == 0:
h[i] = 1 - alpha + 4*alpha/np.pi
elif abs(ti) == 1/(4*alpha):
h[i] = (alpha/np.sqrt(2)) * (
(1+2/np.pi)*np.sin(np.pi/(4*alpha)) +
(1-2/np.pi)*np.cos(np.pi/(4*alpha))
)
else:
num = np.sin(np.pi*ti*(1-alpha)) +
4*alpha*ti*np.cos(np.pi*ti*(1+alpha))
den = np.pi*ti*(1-(4*alpha*ti)**2)
h[i] = num/den
return h / np.sqrt(np.sum(h**2)) # normalize energy

Explanation of special-case handling and normalization to unit energy.

4.3 Transmitter Section


python
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# Bit generation and mapping
bits = np.random.randint(0, 2, nbits)
symbols= 2*bits - 1

# Upsampling and pulse shaping


tx_signal = upfirdn(h=rrc_taps, x=symbols, up=sps)

Notes on vectorized operations and use of upfirdn for efficient convolution.

4.4 AWGN Channel & Matched Filter


python
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# AWGN noise addition
delta = 1/(2*10**(EbN0_demo/10))
noise = np.sqrt(delta) * np.random.randn(tx_signal.size)
rx_signal = tx_signal + noise

# Matched filtering
mf_output = lfilter(b=rrc_taps, a=[1.0], x=rx_signal)

Discussion on noise scaling and matched filter benefits.

4.5 Sampling & Decision Device


python
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delay = (len(rrc_taps)-1)//2
idx = delay + np.arange(nbits)*sps
samples = mf_output[idx]
decisions = (samples >= 0).astype(int)

Justification for delay compensation and threshold-based decoding.

4.6 BER Computation Loop


python
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ber = []
for eb in EbN0_dB:
noise_var=1/(2*10**(eb/10))
y = lfilter(rrc_taps, 1, tx_signal +
np.sqrt(noise_var)*np.random.randn(tx_signal.size))
s = y[delay + np.arange(nbits)*sps]
dec = (s>=0).astype(int)
ber.append(np.mean(dec != bits))

Discussion on Monte Carlo simulation, loop vectorization trade-offs, and convergence


criteria.

4.7 Plotting Routines


python
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fig1, axs1 = plt.subplots(3,2,figsize=(12,12), constrained_layout=True)
# Panel assignments and styling omitted for brevity
fig2, axs2 = plt.subplots(2,3,figsize=(14,8), constrained_layout=True)
plt.show()
Explanation of subplot grid, shared axes, marker choices, and layout settings.

End of README

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